NAME: Adriel Dofel M.

Fronda PROGRAM: __BEED 3-2_______

DATE: OCTOBER 6, 2021 SCORE:_______________________________

RESEARCH TEMPLATE 6: The Descriptive Research

ENC 3103

1. Identify the type of measurement scale - nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio - suggested by each statement:

INTERVAL a. John finished the math test in 35 minutes, whereas Jack finished the same test in 25 minutes.
RATIO__ b. Jack speaks French, but John does not.
ORDINAL c. Jack is taller than John.
NOMINAL d. John is 6 feet 2 inches tall.
RATIO___ e. John’s IQ is 120, whereas Jack’s IQ is 110.

2. Draw a histogram and a frequency polygon for the following frequency distribution:
x f x f x f x f
80 1 76 6 73 20 70 7
1. 79 2 75 15 72 17 69 3
78 3 74 22 71 9 77 10

Draw your answer:

HISTOGRAM
POLYGON
3. Provide answers as requested, given the following distribution: 15, 14, 14, 13, 11, 10, 10, 10, 8, 5.
11_a. Calculate the mean.
_10_b. Determine the value of the median.
_10, 14 c. Determine the value of the mode.

4. Briefly explain the relationship between the skewness of a distribution of scores and the resulting values of
the mean, median, and mode.

5. Identify the measure—mode, mean, or median—that best suits each type of scale:
Mode a. Ordinal
Mean_ b. Nominal
Median c. Interval

6. Identify the measure—mode, mean, or median—that each term defines:

Mode a. The middle score
Mean b. The arithmetic average
Median c. The most frequently occurring score

7. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of range and standard deviation as measures of variability of the
scores.

It has the benefit of being a good range indicator and may be used in mathematical calculations of other
statistics; nevertheless, it has the drawback of being strongly influenced by extreme values and not telling what
happens beyond the quartiles.

8. Answer the following:

a. Calculate the z score for a score of 5 in a distribution with a mean of 7 and a standard deviation of
0.5.
b. What would the stanine score for this score be?
9. Using Table A.1, what is the estimated percentile rank for a z score of +1.20?

10. Why do you think the U.S. Census Bureau reports median income instead of mean income?

11. On an analysis of achievement test, male scores were more heterogeneous, more spread from low to high,
than female scores.

__________a. Which statistics would be greater for males?

__________b. Which gender had more stanine scores of 9?
__________c. Which gender had more stanine scores of 1?
__________d. Which gender had more stanine scores of 5?

12. The mean score on a test is 40, and the standard deviation is 4. Express each of the
following raw scores as a z score:
__________a. 41
__________b. 30
__________c. 48
__________d. 36
__________e. 46

13. Answer the following:

__________a. What would be the T score for the raw score of 46 in Exercise 12?
__________b. What would the stanine score for the raw score of 46 be?

14. In a normal distribution, what percentage of the scores would fall below
__________1. a z score of−1.0?
__________2. A z score of 0?
__________3. A z score of +.67?

15. Describe the relationship shown by these scatterplots. Then estimate the correlation
coefficients.
Answer:
a. (+1.00) b.(+.30) c.(-1.00) d.(-.30) e.(0)

16. What does each dot in a scatterplot represent?

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

17. Five girls took a history test and a geography test, with the following results:

31 a. What is the mean of the history test?

Ann b. Whose performance in history is most in agreement with her performance in geography?
4, 20 c. What is the correlation between the history and geography scores?

C 18. Given that the history test mean in Number 17 is lower than the geography test mean, which of the
following conclusions would be correct?
a. These girls are better in history than in geography.
b. These girls are better in geography than in history.
c. Their teacher has probably spent twice as much time on geography as on history.
d. Their teacher knows more geography than history.
e. None of the above.

A 19. If the coefficient of correlation between variable X and variable Y is found to be −.98, which of the
following would be indicated?
a. Variable X and variable Y are closely related.
b. Variable X and variable Y are unrelated.
c. Variable X and variable Y are perfectly related.
d. Variable Y is a result of variable X.

20. For each of the following cases, indicate which statistic should be used—mean, standard deviation, z
score, or Pearson r.

_STANDARD DEVIATION a. We want to know how spread out or heterogeneous the scores of a class are.
Z- SCORE b. We want to determine how Joe’s score compares with the scores of the rest ofthe class.
MEAN c. We want to know how well the class as a whole did on an examination.
PEARSONR d. We want to predict the future achievement of students from their IQ.

21. Interpret the following: “On the College Board exam (μ = 500, σ = 100), the mean of this year’s Munoz
National High School Senior students was 490, and the standard deviation was 110. The correlation between the
exam scores and high school grade point average was +.40.” What does it mean?
22. Interpret the following: “Parents of Munoz National High School Senior Students were asked to rank 10
problems from 10 = most serious to 1 = less serious. The median for the problem ‘physical safety’ was 5.21.”

23. Smith and Glass’s Δ and Cohen’s d are two ways of defining what?

For a comparison of two means, Cohen's d is a suitable effect size. It can be used to complement the reporting of
t-test and ANOVA results, for example.

24. Define effect size, and tell how it is used.

On a quantitative scale, effect size is a statistical concept that indicates the strength of the association
between two variables. For example, if we have data on men's and women's heights and discover that
males are, on average, taller than women, the difference between men's and women's heights is known
as the effect size. The greater the impact size, the larger the difference in height between men and
women. The statistical effect size can help us determine whether the difference is real or due to a
change in circumstances.

25. What is the purpose of meta-analysis?

The effect size of different research is considered in a meta-analysis, which then aggregates all of the
studies into a single analysis. The effect size is commonly quantified in three ways in statistics
analysis: (1) standardized mean difference, (2) odd ratio, and (3) correlation coefficient.

Date: OCTOBER 6, 2021