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SCIENCE 6
Name: _________________________________________ Level and Section: Grade 6
Time: 2:00-3:00 Quarter / Week: Third/ Week 1-3

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Topics: Gravity, Friction and Motion

References: Breaking Through Science 6

Myrna Timbol
Sol Saranay Baguio
pp. 158-193

Short Discussion

So, now you know who coined the word “force”. Let’s now take a close look at what force is. Force is
commonly described as a push or a pull. A body with mass is capable of interacting with another body. This
interaction between two (2) bodies is known to be a force.

Force is not something a body has, like mass, but it is an interaction between one body and another.
Depending on the circumstances, a body may posses a capability of exerting force on another body but it
cannot possess force as a thing in itself.

Forces can be contact or non-contact. Contact forces are forces that result when two
(2) bodies in direct contact (touching each other) interact with one another. Direct contact must happen
between two (2) bodies for the two (2) bodies to interact with each other.

Now try this one so you will have a better understanding of what contact force is!
Terms to Remember! Non-contact forces, on the other hand, are forces that
Field occur when the fields around objects (e.g. gravitational field,
 Space surrounding electric field, or magnetic field) interact with another field
objects with mass or located around another body. It is a non-contact force since
objects which are the bodies themselves are not directly touching each other
electrically charged rather only their fields interact with one another.
or have magnetic
properties
We may see the earth
as constantly kept in orbit by the sun. But behind that
scene we can actually attribute this effect to the
gravitational fields of both the earth and the sun as
interacting with each other. Thus, gravitational forces
are examples of non-contact forces. Gravitational
forces are always attractive in nature. This means that
while the earth is attracted to the sun, earth also pulls
the sun. However, since earth has a smaller mass than
the sun, the earth tends to move around the sun instead Fig. 1.1. Earth-Sun
of the other way around. System

Magnetic fields also interact with each other. The

magnetic fields may be pulling each other as in the case
where opposite poles (North and South Poles) of the
magnet are facing each other. They may also be pushing
each other as in the case where the same poles of the
magnets are facing each other. This interaction is called
the magnetic force, is another example of a non-contact
force.
Fig. 1.2. Magnets and their
Charged bodies are bodies whose number of magnetic field
electrons is not equal to the number of protons. Bodies
that are not charged are called neutral
bodies. These bodies have the same
number of protons and electrons. It
may have happened that some
electrons left the atoms of the object
thus causing the object to have protons
than electrons. This body is said to be
a negatively charged body. A body,
which captures excess electrons, will
eventually have more number of
electrons and protons and
 Direction: Write “F” if a contact force has been exerted in the situation and “nF” if a non-contact
force has been exerted.

1. Pushing a cart
2. Touching a rock
3. Falling rock
4. Moon’s attraction to Earth causing tides
5. Your hair being attracted to your comb after stroking it with the same comb.
6. Tissue being attracted to a plastic sheet
7. Kicking a ball
8. Sitting on a chair
9. Your skin hair being attracted to the TV screen when you switch it on or off.
10. Pulling a cart.

Lesson 2 Friction

Did you ever experience slipping in a pavement? Did you feel embarrassed? What conditions
caused you to slip? Did you slip when the pavement was wet or dry? Most accidents happen during
rainy days because the road is slippery when wet. It is harder to stop a vehicle on wet roads You
yourself will most likely to slip if you don’t wear your pair of rubber shoes. This describes the effect
of friction. What is friction?

Friction is a contact force that is present in walking, running, playing, writing and pushing
objects we still encounter friction.

ARISTOTLE: A Scientist?
Aristotle was born in 384 BC in Stagira, a Greek town of the Aegean coast. His
father was a physician who looked after the King of Macedonia. As a child Aristotle
lived with his uncle. When he was a teenager (17) he moved south to Athens, a very
important city in the Greek world. He probably went alone. For some twenty (20)
years Aristotle studied at the famous Academy in Athens. The principal teacher at the
Academy was Plato, a Greek teacher of great reputation. Plato was interested in
logical arguments.

In Middle Age, Aristotle turned his attention to writing books that would form
an encyclopedia of knowledge. By 335 BC Aristotle has returned to Athens and has
established the Peripatetic School in the Lyceum. In the course of his teaching at the
Lyceum, he discussed logic, epistemology, physics, biology, ethics, politics, and aesthetics.
The Posterior Analytics is Aristotle’s principal work on the philosophy of science. In
addition, the Physics and Metaphysics which contains some aspects of scientific
method. His work, the Physics contains the first principles which includes:

All motion is either natural or violent

All natural motion is motion towards its natural place.
Violent motion is caused by the continuing action of an
agent. A vacuum is impossible
There would be no motion without a cause.
The velocity of a body is inversely proportional to its own
resistive power and directly proportional to the motive force
applied. Thus, no force exerted, no motion for object.
The more earth the object has, the more it moves to the earth.
Objects with more earth tends to proceed to its natural rest place, earth

Due to political unrest in 323 BC he had to leave the city and move north to
the island of Euboea. He died there one year later at the age of 62.
 Lesson 3 Newton’s Laws of Motion

Take a look at a ball on top of a pool table.

Imagine the ball roll and eventually slow down to stop.
How would Aristotle interpret the observation? How
about the interpretations of Galileo and Newton? How
would you interpret it yourself?

It was a common thought for nearly 2000 years

that if an object was moving “against its nature” then a
force of some kind was responsible. Such motion was
possible only because of an outside force. So the
proper state of motion is one of rest. Objects, therefore,
Fig. 3.1 Ball on top of a pool
would always tend to seek a rest state of motion.
table

Solve the Problem!!!

1. A boy rides away from home in an automobile at the rate of 28 km/h and walks back at the rate of 4
km/h. The round trip requires 2 hours. How far does he ride?
2. A motorboat leaves a harbour and travels at an average speed of 15 km/h toward an island. The average
speed on the return trip was 10 km/h. How far was the island from the harbour if the trip took a total of 5
hours?

Activities:
Answer “Check Up Test” on pages 328 -329 A B
Answer “Check Up Test” on pages 345-346 of your book (A)

Prepared by:
Elle Cruz
Subject Teacher

“You can do all things through Christ who strengthens you”

*Note: Practise Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.