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Compatibility and Superposition

The document discusses compatibility conditions, which determine if a structure's deformations allow it to remain connected, and the principle of superposition, where the effects of individual loads on a structure can be added to find the total effects. Compatibility requires that deformed members of a loaded structure continue to fit together. The principle of superposition states that for linear structures, the load effects of multiple loads are the sum of the individual load effects.

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Angela Christine Densing
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86 views10 pages

Compatibility and Superposition

The document discusses compatibility conditions, which determine if a structure's deformations allow it to remain connected, and the principle of superposition, where the effects of individual loads on a structure can be added to find the total effects. Compatibility requires that deformed members of a loaded structure continue to fit together. The principle of superposition states that for linear structures, the load effects of multiple loads are the sum of the individual load effects.

Uploaded by

Angela Christine Densing
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Compatibility and Superposition

Prepared by:

Engr. Kenny B. Cantila


Associate Professor V
Methods of Analysis

Equilibrium conditions - the net force in all directions must be zero

ƩFx = 0
ƩFy = 0
ƩM = 0

Structures that cannot be solved through the equations of static equilibrium


alone are known as statically indeterminate structures.
Methods of Analysis (cont’d)

Compatibility conditions - determine whether a particular deformation will


leave a body in a compatible state.

Compatibility of displacement is thus:

Displacements are said to be compatible when the deformed members of a


loaded structure continue to fit together.

Thus, compatibility means that:

• Two initially separate points do not move to another common point;


• Holes do not appear as a structure deforms;
• Members initially connected together remain connected together.
Example of Compatibility Condition (Truss)

The following truss is indeterminate. Each of the members has a force in it


and consequently undergoes elongation. However, by compatibility of
displacements, the elongations must be such that the three members remain
connected after loading, even though the truss deforms and Point A moves to
Point A’. This is an extra piece of information (or ‘known’) and this helps us
solve the structure.

B C D

A A′

P
Example of Compatibility Condition (Beam)

The following propped cantilever is an indeterminate structure. However, we


know by compatibility of displacements that the deflection at point B is zero
before and after loading, since it is a support.

20 kN

A B

a b
Example of Compatibility Condition (Frame)

The following frame has three members connected at joint B. The load at A
causes joint B to rotate anti-clockwise. The ends of the other two members
connected at B must also undergo an anti-clockwise rotation at B to maintain
compatibility of displacement. Thus all members at B rotate the same
amount, θB , as shown below.

𝐏
B B θB
A C
θB

θB

D
Principle of Superposition (cont’d)

This result, though again deceptively ‘obvious’, tells us that:

• Deflection caused by a force can be added to the deflection caused by


another force to get the deflection resulting from both forces being
applied;

• The order of loading is not important.

• Loads and their resulting load effects can be added or subtracted for a
structure.
Principle of Superposition (cont’d)

This is the Principle of Superposition:

“For a linearly elastic structure, the load effects caused by two or more
loadings are the sum of the load effects caused by each loading separately.”

Note that the principle is limited to:

• Linear material behavior only;


• Structures undergoing small deformations only (linear geometry).
Principle of Superposition (cont’d)
20 kN 20 kN

A D A D
B C B C
3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m

= =
10 kN 10 kN 10 kN

A D A D
B C B C
3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m

+ +
10 kN 10 kN 10 kN

A D A D
B C B C
3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m
References

http://www.engineeringwiki.org/wiki/Equilibrium_and_Compatibility

http://www.colincaprani.com/files/notes/SAIII/Compatibility%20and%20Su
perposition.pdf

http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105101085/downloads/lec-27.pdf

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