Bukidnon Association of Catholic School (BUACS), Inc.

Diocese of Malaybalay

School:________________________________________
School Year 2020-2021
SUBJECT: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY Grade Level: 11
Quarter: FIRST Week: 1

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET NO.: 01

Topic: RANDOM VARIABLE

A. Background Information for Learners

A random variable may be confusing to you at first especially if you associate it

with the common variables that we use in algebra. Let us differentiate:

Variable Random Variable

 written in small letter  written in capital letter
 give value to equations like x  a random variable could be X=
+2=9 the number of dots facing up
 In this case can only take on a after rolling a die
distinct value and that is 7  Notice how the random process
of rolling a die gives you a
random outcome each time you
perform the experiment. Rolling
once may give you 5, and
rolling again may give you 6,
and again 4; I think you see
the point here. Hence it is
called a “random” variable.
 Additionally, we also consider
as a numerical type of data
because the outcomes of the
said random variable are
numerical in nature.

A random variable may also be used to quantify unquantifiable processes. For example,
in the random variable Y = sex of college student applicants.
Possible outcomes: male or female
Characteristic: categorical (non-numerical)

It would be very difficult to perform mathematical operations on such kinds of data so

we have to find a way to convert these data into numbers. We could assign the value 0
for
Male and 1 for female.
Note: The values “0 and 1” are just models/examples. You may use other values like
10, 500, and even 2,020. Still, the values 0 and 1 are most commonly used in
statistics.

There are two types of random variables:

1. Discrete Random Variables
- are random variables where the observed numerical value are produced
by counting and assumes whole numbers only.

2. Continuous Random Variables

- are random variables where the observed numerical values are results of
measuring and may take on any numbers contained within any numerical
intervals.
 Below are some more examples of random variables:
 Number of defective cell phones produced in a manufacturing factory daily
 Amount of paint needed to repaint a room
 Amount of time needed to walk from home to school
 Gender of students taking up BS Criminology
 Height of applicants for the Miss Universe pageant

There are two varieties of random variables that are numerical in nature:
DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLE
vs

Let us differentiate.
Discrete Random Variable Continuous Random Variable

Its values are obtained through its values are obtained through
counting measurement
Examples: Examples:
✓ number of rotten bananas in a ✓ growth of tomato seedlings per
bunch of bananas, week,
✓ number of honor students in a ✓ time needed to finish an exam, and
class, ✓ weight of pigs after 3 months
and
✓ number of tiles needed
✓ number of tiles needed to cover a
floor.

there are infinite elements in the

sample space wherein each sample are
the sample space is finite (can be so closely packed such that infinite
counted) because each sample has a number of elements can fit throughout
space between them the sample space

Note: A sample space is the set of all possible outcomes in a random experiment.

Here are some more examples of discrete and continuous random variables.
Discrete Random Variable Continuous Random Variable
Total number of spots in rolling two Power consumption of an appliance
dice
Number of pages in a chapter of a Body temperature of a person
book
Number of appliances in a Cloth needed to make a dress
household
Total number of all animals in a Length of a piece of chalk
farm
Number of cards drawn pH level of an acid

B. Learning Competency with Code

 Illustrates random variables (M11/12SP-IIIa-1)
 Distinguish between a discrete and a continuous random variable
(M11/12SP-IIIa-2)
 finds the possible values of a random variable.( M11/12SP-IIIa-3)

C. Objectives/Learning Targets
 illustrates random variable;
 distinguish between a discrete and a continuous random variable; and
 find the possible values of a random variable

D. Detailed Directions/Instructions

Read the instruction carefully. If possible answer your activity sheet on

your own.

I. Classify the following random variables as DISCRETE or CONTINUOUS.

1. Length of a cell phone charger ____________________

2. Number of gadgets in a household ____________________

3. Count of words encoded per minute ____________________

4. Amount of water consumed per day ____________________

5. Sum of burgers sold in a day ____________________

6. Amount of time needed to boil a liquid ____________________

7. Number of channels in a cable TV ____________________

8. Daily count of visitors in a mall ___________________

9. Distance between two barangays ____________________

10. Total area of a rice field ____________________

11. Growth of a child per year ____________________

12. Temperature needed to bake bread ____________________

13. Number of babies born per day ____________________

14. Yearly death due to cancer ____________________

15. Number of mistakes in a test ____________________

II. Write your own 5 examples of random variables then identify if it is Discrete or
Continuous.
1. _____________________________________ 4. ___________________________________

2. _____________________________________ 5. ___________________________________

3. _____________________________________

III. Classify the following random variables as Discrete or Continuous Random

Variables. Write DRV if it is Discrete while CRV if Continuous.

____________ 1. Time to finish a race

____________ 2. Number of diamonds in a poker hand
____________ 3. Height of 100 students
____________ 4. Number of doubles in roll of two dice
____________ 5. Hours of spent answering a test
____________ 6. Your weight before breakfast each morning
____________ 7. The number of ships in Pearl Harbor on any given day.
____________ 8. The distance of golf ball travels after being hit with a driver.
____________ 9. The number of traffic fatalities per year in the state of Florida
____________10. The amount of gasoline needed to drive your car 200 miles.

G. Values Integration (contextualized per school)

H. References for Learners
Calaca,Uy,Noble,Manalo . VIBAL
DepED Modules

Bukidnon Association of Catholic School (BUACS), Inc.

Diocese of Malaybalay

School:________________________________________
School Year 2020-2021

SUBJECT: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY Grade Level: 11

Quarter: FIRST Week: 2

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET NO.: 02

Topic: Probability Distribution of Discrete Random Variables

A. Background Information for Learners

Again, the purpose of using random variable is so that we could measure observations
and process data to make a conclusion about the population. So what are the possible
values of a random variable, you might ask?

Below are some random variables with their corresponding possible values.

Random Variable Description Set of Possible Values

V marital status of single, married, widow,
teachers …
W number of dots after 1,2,3,4,5,6
rolling a die
X tossing a coin Heads, Tails
Y tossing two coins HT, HH, TH, TT
Z household pet being dog, cat, mouse, snake,
raised rabbit, …

Understanding Probability distribution

A probability distribution is a statistical function that describes all the possible

and likelihoods that a random variable can take within a given range. This range will be
bounded between the minimum and maximum possible values but precisely where the
possible value is likely to be plotted on the probability distribution depends on a
number of factors. This factors include the distribution’s mean (average), standard
deviation, skewness, and kurtosis.

Probability distributions describe the dispersion of the values of a random

variable. Consequently, the kind of variable determines the type of probability
distribution.

This lesson you will be able to learn how to find the possible values of a random
variable, illustrate a probability distribution for a discrete random variable and its
properties, construct the probability mass function of a discrete random variable and
its corresponding histogram.

In the study of random events, you should be interested in determining the possible
values of a random variable and its probability that will have a particular value.

Example 1. Suppose you are to test three random eggplants from a harvest to see if
there are worms in it. You want to find out the number of eggplants attacked by worms.
Use W to represent if there is a worm attack in an eggplant and N if there is none.

Note: The letters W and N are not random variables but are used to represent the
possible outcome upon checking an eggplant. X is the random variable representing
the number of eggplants attacked by worms.
Again, you are sampling three eggplants. The table has been filled out to illustrate
and demonstrate the possible outcomes of this experiment. Try to understand the
values therein.

Possible Outcomes Value of Random Variable X (number of

eggplants with the possible values of the
worm attacks) random variable X are N
1,2 AND 3
NNW 0
NNW 1
NNW 1
NNW 2
NNW 1
NNW 2
NNW 2
NNW 3

There is a total of 8 possible outcomes with 4 distinct possible values of X. We now

assign the probability values of each.

Number of eggplants Probability P(X)

with worm attacks X
0 1 There are 8 possible
8 outcomes and only 1 of
them had no worm at all. So
the probability that we shall
1
assign is
8
1 3 There are 8 possible
8 outcomes and 3 of them
have exactly 1 eggplant
attacked by worms. So the
probability that we shall
 3
assign is .
8
2 3 There are 8 possible
8 outcomes and 3 of them
have 2 eggplants attacked
by worms. So the
probability that we shall
3
assign is .
8
3 1 There are 8 possible
8 outcomes and only 1 of
them had all 3 eggplants
attacked by worms. So the
probability that we shall
1
assign is .
8
The table shown on the previous page is what we call the probability distribution or
probability mass function of the random variable. We can graph the distribution in the
form of a histogram as presented below.

What is a
histogram?
A histogram
is like a bar

Example 2. Suppose that four coins are tossed. Let Y be the random variable
representing the number of heads that occur.

In this example, the random variable Y represents the number of heads that occur
when tossing four coins. We have defined the sample space and their corresponding
values as shown in the table below.

Possible Outcomes Value of Random

Variable Y
HHHH 4
HHHT 3
HHTH 3
HHTT 2
HTHH 3
HTHT 2
HTTH 2
HTTT 1
THHH 3
THHT 2
THTH 2
THTT 1
TTHH 2
TTHT 1
TTTH 1
TTTT 0

There are 5 distinct possible values of which are 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. We now assign the
probability values of each, as shown below.
Number of Probability P(Y) Let’s stop and think for a moment.
Heads Y
0 1 Can you explain why the probability values
16 P(Y) are like that? Where did the denominator
1 4 16 come from? How about the numerator
∨14
16 values 1, 4, 6, 4, and 1? Where did they come
2 6 from?
∨38
16 Getting the sum of all probabilities in the
3 4 1 4 6 4 1 16
∨14 distribution we get + + + + = ∨1.
16 16 16 16 16 16 16
4 1 The histogram of the distribution is shown
16 below

Remember this!
The sum of all probabilities in a
discrete probability distribution should
always be equal to 1, no more no less.
Otherwise, the distribution becomes
invalid or incorrect!

Be Careful!
A laboratory supervisor in a type III hospital is investing number of reported on-
the-jodb training accidents over a period of one month. Based on past records she has
derived the following probability distribution for x; where x is the number of reported
accidents per month.

Accidents Reported Probabbility P(x)

0 0.50
1 0.25
2 0.10
3 0.10
4 0.05

To calculate the population mean (µ):

µ=(0)(0.5)+(1)(0.25)+ 2(0.1)+3 (0.1)+ 4( 0.5)=0.95

There is 0.95 (nearly 1) accident reported on the average per month.
To determine the variance and standard deviation:

x P( x ) x . P(x ) x−µ ( x−µ )2 . P( x )

0 0.5 0 (0−0.5) 0
1 0.25 0.25 (1−0.25) 0.25
2 0.1 0.2 (2−0.1) 0.4
3 0.1 0.3 (3−0.1) 0.9
4 0.05 0.2 (4−0.05) 0.8
Total 1.00 0.95 2.35

Variance: σ =2.35 – ( .95 )2

 ¿ 1.45 accidents
Standard Deviation: σ = √ 1.45=1.20 accidents

B. Learning Competency with Code

 Computes probabilities corresponding to a given random variable. (M11/12SP-
IIIa-6)
 Illustrates the mean and variance of a discrete random variable. (M11/12SP-
IIIb-1)
 calculates the mean and the variance of a discrete random variable.( M11/12SP-
IIIb-2)

C. Objectives/Learning Targets
 computes probabilities corresponding to a given random variables;
 illustrates the mean and variance of a discrete random variable; and
 calculate the mean and the variance of a discrete random variable.

D. Detailed Directions/Instructions

Read the instruction carefully. If possible answer your activity sheet on

your own.

I. Determine whether the distribution represented is valid or not. Explain your answer.
G. Values Integration (contextualized per school)
H. References for Learners
Calaca,Uy,Noble,Manalo . VIBAL
DepED Modules

Bukidnon Association of Catholic School (BUACS), Inc.

Diocese of Malaybalay

School:________________________________________
School Year 2020-2021

SUBJECT: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY Grade Level: 11

Quarter: FIRST Week: 3

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET NO.: 03

Topic: Solving for the Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation of Discrete
Probability Distributions

A. Background Information for Learners

The probability distribution of a discrete random variable is the same with the
frequency distribution of a sample in a given population that needs to be
summarized using a central value for it will give the general behavior of the random
variable under observation. Any discrete probability distribution has a mean, a
variance, and a standard deviation

In this lesson, you will illustrate the mean and variance of a discrete
random variable, calculate the mean and the variance of a discrete random
variable, interpret the mean and the variance of a discrete random variable and
solve problems involving mean and variance of probability distributions

The mean is the average of all possible outcomes. It is otherwise referred to as the
“expected value” of a probability distribution. When we say expected value, it means
that if we repeat any given experiment infinite times, the theoretical mean would be the
“expected value”. For instance, the mean of rolling a die is theoretically 3.5. You will
never roll a 3.5 no matter how many times you roll the die because there’s only 3 and
4. However, if you take the average of all outcomes, you should get 3.5 or at least close
to that value. You will have a better understanding about this concept with more
examples given underneath.

The variance and standard deviation are measures of spread or variability.

HIGH LOW
 If the values of the variance and Individual outcomes of the experiment
standard deviation are high, that means are far relative to each other.
that the individual outcomes of the In other words, the values differ greatly.
experiment are far relative to each other.
In other words, the values differ greatly.

As a point of reference, if the values of all the outcomes in an experiment are all
the same, the variance and standard deviation are both 0. But of course, this
rarely happens in real life application.

The first graph you see on the top has values

that are more “scattered” than that of the
second graph underneath.
The data in the second graph is more
“closely/tightly” packed together compared to
the first one.

The variance and standard deviation of the first

graph should have values greater than the
variance and standard deviation of the second
graph underneath.

In this section, we will learn to solve worded problems involving the Mean, Variance,
and Standard Deviation of a Discrete Probability Distributions. Prior in solving, make
sure that you already mastered on the use of the formulas on the terms mentioned. Let
us consider the problems below.

Example 1. In a 5-item test, the probabilities that a student gets 0, 1,2,3,4, or 5

3 5 7 3 1 1
mistakes are , , , , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 respectively. What is the average number of
20 20 20 20 20 20
mistakes that a student makes in this class? What is the variance and standard
deviation of this discrete probability distribution?

To solve this problem, all you we have to do is arrange the given entries which are the
random variable values and their corresponding probabilities in the first two columns of
a three column table. So in this particular example, our random variable which we are
going to call X is the number of mistakes a student gets in a 5-item quiz. You may use
your calculator in solving for the unknown values.

No. of mistakes 𝑿 Probability 𝑷(𝑿) 𝑿 ∙ 𝑷(𝑿)

0 3 0
20
 1 5 5
20 20
2 7 14
20 20
3 3 9
20 20
4 1 4
20 20

5 1 5
20 20

1st column 2nd column = 3rd column

Let’s stop and think for a moment.

The entries in columns 1 and 2 are just copied from the problem statement above. The
entries in the third column you have to solve yourself by multiplying the 1st and 2 nd
3 5 5 7 14
column entries. Like, 0 x =0 , 1 x = , 2 x = , and so on. The number of rows
20 20 20 20 20
would depend entirely on the number of possible values that a random variable may
take.

The symbol for mean is the Greek letter µ (read as “my”). To solve for the mean, all you
have to do is add up all the entries of the 3rd column.

Equation 1. µ=∑ X . P( X)

So the value of the mean in the example above is just the sum of all entries in the third column.

5 14 9 4 5 37
µ=∑ X . P ( X )=0+ + + + + = =1.85
20 20 20 20 20 20

Therefore, the mean or expected value on the number of mistakes a student may have
in a 5-item quiz is 1.85. Again, we emphasize that none of the students actually got
1.85 mistakes. However, if we are to take the average of the total mistakes done by each
one of the students, we should get an average value of 1.85.

Now that we have found the mean of the discrete probability distribution, we can
now try and solve for the variance. You cannot solve for the variance without finding
first the mean. To solve for the variance, you need to add more columns in the table
made a while ago.

The table below shall discuss how you can solve the variance of a discrete
probability distribution. A sample value was used for demonstration purposes. A brief
explanation is shown below each entry for your guidance.

X P(X) X . P(X) X- µ ( X −µ )2 ( X −µ )2 . P( X )
2 7 14 0.15 3.4225 1.197875
20 20
 You are already familiar with the Subtract the To find the value Lastly, multiply the
first three columns and know computed mean of the entry to this value obtained in
how to fill these out. from the value of column, column 5 back to
the random simplify square the
variable. Since the value that probability in
the computed you obtained in column
mean is 1.85 column 4. So, 2.So,
then, 2-1.85 = 2
1.85 −3.4225 7
0.15
3.4225 x =1.197875
20

After performing all calculations, the completed table would look something like
this. Try and solve for yourself to see how these values were obtained.

The symbol for variance is σ . To solve for the variance, all we have to do is add
up all entries on the last column.

X P(X ) X . P(X ) X −µ ( X −µ )2 ( X −µ )2 . P( X )
0 3 0 −1.85 3.4225 0.513375
20
1 5 5 −0.85 0.7225 0.180625
20 20
2 7 14 0.15 0.0225 0.007875
20 20
3 3 9 1.15 1.3225 0.198375
20 20
4 1 4 2.15 4.6225 0.231125
20 20
5 1 5 3.15 9.9225 0.496125
20 20

Equation 2.σ
2
∑ ( X −µ )2 . P(X )
So the value of the variance of the discrete probability distribution shown above
is just the sum of all entries in the last column.

σ 2=∑ ( X −µ )2 . P ( X )

¿ 0.513375+0.180625+ 0.007875+ 0.198375+0.231125+0.496125

¿ 1.6275

The variance of the probability distribution is 1.6275. Now that the value of the
variance is found, we can now solve for the standard deviation. The symbol for
standard deviation is σ

Equation 3. σ = √ σ 2

So the value of the standard deviation is solved by getting the square root of the
variance. Again, you cannot solve for the value of the standard deviation without
finding first the variance and mean.

σ = √ σ 2= √ 6275 .1 ≈ 1.28

The standard deviation is approximately equal to 1.28. We say “approximately equal to”
because we already rounded off the value from 1.2757350822 to 1.28.
Example 2. In a seafood restaurant, the manager wants to know if their customers like
their new raw large oysters. According to their sales representative, in the past 4
months, the number of oysters consumed by a customer, along with its corresponding
probabilities, is shown in the succeeding table. Compute the mean, variance and
standard deviation.

Number of oysters consumed Probability

X P(X)
0 2
20
1 2
20
2 3
20

X P( X ) X . P( X ) X −µ ( X −µ )2 ( X −µ )2 . P(X )
0 3 0 −1.8 3.24 0.648
20
1 5 5/20 −0.8 0.64 0.128
20
2 7 14 /20 0.2 0.04 0.012
20
3 3 9 /20 1.2 1.44 0.288
20
4 1 4 /20 2.2 4.84 0.484
20

1
4
20

What is the mean?

2 6 6 4 18
µ=∑ ( X−µ )2 . P( X )=0+ + + + = =1.8
10 10 10 10 10

What is the variance?

2
3
20

σ 2=∑ ( X −µ )2 . P ( X )=0.648+0.128+ 0.012+ 0.228+0.484=1.56

What is the standard deviation?

σ = √ σ 2= √ 1.56 ≈ 1.25

Based on the computation, the mean of the distribution is 1.8. That implies that the
average number of oysters ordered by a customer is 1.8 oysters. Again none of the
 8
customers actually ordered 1 and of an oyster. The number 1.8 is just the best
10
estimate of the average number of oyster consumed by a buying customer. The variance
is 1.56 oysters, while the standard deviation is 1.25 oysters.

This is the main advantage of standard deviation over variance. The standard deviation
is the same unit as your random variable, while the variance isn’t.

B. Learning Competency with Code

 interprets the mean and the variance of a discrete random variable
.( M 11/12 SP−IIIb−3)
 solves problems involving mean and variance of probability distributions.
( M11/12SP-IIIb-4)
 illustrates a normal random variable and its characteristics.( M11/12SP-
IIIc-1)

C. Objectives/Learning Targets
 interprets the mean and the variance of a discrete random variable;
 solves problem involving mean and variance of probability; and
 illustrates a normal random variable and its characteristics.

D. Detailed Directions/Instructions
Read the instruction carefully. If possible answer your activity sheet on
your own.

Activity 1
A. Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the following probability
distribution by completing the tables below.
Activity 2
A. Solve the following problems.
1. The probabilities of a number of students to come late in a class are shown in the
table below. Find the average number of students to come late daily in this class.

Number of students (X) 0 1 2 3 4 5

Probability P(X) 0.40 0.22 0.15 0.10 0.08 0.05

2. A police lieutenant records the number of police blotter filed each day in their city.
Based on his records, the probability distribution of the number of police blotters filed
each day is in the table below. The city mayor claims that the crime rate is in its all-
time low with only 2 blotters being filed each day. Determine the mean of the
probability distribution shown and decide if the mayor’s claim is valid.

Number of students (X) 0 1 2 3 4

Probability P(X) 0.33 0.13 0.23 0.15 0.16

G. Values Integration (contextualized per school)

H. References for Learners
Calaca,Uy,Noble,Manalo . VIBAL
DepED Modules
 Bukidnon Association of Catholic School (BUACS), Inc.
Diocese of Malaybalay

School:________________________________________
School Year 2020-2021

SUBJECT: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY Grade Level: 11

Quarter: FIRST Week: 4

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET NO.: 02

Topic: Normal Distribution

A. Background Information for Learners

To understand the concept of the normal curve distribution, let’s start by
sketching the frequency polygon of each of the following frequency distributions.
The following frequency distributions show the score of students in a Mathematics quiz.
Table 1 Table 2 Table 3

Score, X Frequency, f Score, X Frequency, f Score, X Frequency, f

5 1 11 1 15 1
4 3 10 2 14 2
3 5 9 3 13 3
2 3 8 5 12 4
1 1 7 7 11 5
N 13 6 8 10 6
5 7 9 7
4 5 8 8
3 3 7 7
2 2 6 6
1 1 5 5
N 44 4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
N 64
 Guide Questions:
1. Sketch a frequency polygon of each distribution.
2. For each distribution, compute for the three measures of central tendency
(mean, median and mode). What do you observe? Where did you find these
measures on the graph (left end, at the center or right end)?
3. If we will continue to increase the number of students, what do you think will
the shape of the graph be?
Answers:
1. The frequency polygon of each frequency distribution.
Graph 1 Graph 2 Graph 3

2. Computing for the mean, median and mode of each given distributions, we
will realize that the resulting values are equal. Since these measures are equal,
they all lie at one point. That is, at the center of the graph.
3. If we will continue to increase the number of students then in the long run,
we can approximate the graph to the shape of a bell.
In reality, if a distribution contains a very large number of cases with equal
measures of central tendency values, then the distribution is symmetrical* and
the skewness* is 0. In statistics, it is called normal distribution or normal curve
(Rene, et al. 2015).In specific sense, it is called a normal probability distribution
whenever the frequencies are converted to probabilities.

Now, to understand the nature of normal distributions, let us learn more about
the properties of a normal probability distribution. There are six properties of
normal distributions and these are the following:

1. The curve of the distribution is a

bell-shaped.

This means if we will cut the curve

2. The curve is symmetrical about the about the mean, we will have
mean balanced proportions of the halves.
Specifically, we say that one is a
reflection of the other. Meaning, the
qualities exhibited by one are the
same qualities exhibited by the other.

3. The mean, median and mode are of equal This means that the mean, median
values and when sketched, they coincide at and mode of the given distribution are
the center of the graph. located at exactly one point since
M their values are equal, and they are
e a located at the center the graph which
n =
indicates the highest peak of the
curve.

Median = Mode
4. The width of the curve is determined by The curve considered at the left side
the standard deviation of the distribution. defines a standard normal curve. A
standard normal curve is a normal
w probability distribution that has mean
i d
value equal to 0 and standard
t h
of
deviation equal to 1.

the curve

This property explains that the standard normal

curve is used as a guide for distributions which has
mean value not equal to 0 and standard deviation
not equal to 1.

For instance, in a given distribution with mean equals 95 and standard

deviation equals 3, the width of the curve will be 3 numbers away from each
other, which is determined from the given standard deviation.
5. The curve extends indefinitely approaching the x-axis but never touching it.
Thus, the curve is asymptotic to the line.
6. The area of the region under the curve is 1. It represents the probability or
percentage or proportion associated with the specific sets of measurement
values.

This means that for every specific

measurement value, there corresponds
exactly one probability / percentage /
proportion value which describes a
particular area of the region under the
normal curve.

B. Learning Competency with Code

  illustrate a normal random variable and its characteristics (M11/12SP –
IIIc – 1);
 construct a normal curve (M11/12SP – IIIc - 2);
 identify regions under the normal curve (M11/12SP – IIIc - 3);
 convert a normal random variable to a standard normal variable and
vice versa (M11/12SP – IIIc – 4); and
 compute probabilities and percentiles using the standard normal table
(M11/12SP – IIId - 1).
C. Objectives/Learning Targets
 illustrate a normal random variable and its characteristics,
 construct a normal curve
 describe the characteristics of normal random variable.
 discuss the importance of knowing ourselves better than the other.

D. Detailed Directions/Instructions
Read the instruction carefully. If possible answer your activity sheet on
your own.

I. Directions: Look at the graph below and answer the following questions

Questions:
1. Give the following:
1.1 mean score _______
1.2 Median score ________
1.3 Modal score ________
2. What is the standard deviation?
_______________________________

II. Sketch a normal curve for each distribution. Label the x-axis at one, two, and three
standard deviations from the mean.

1. mean = 30; standard deviation = 5

2. mean = 95; standard deviation = 12

G. Values Integration (contextualized per school)

H. References for Learners
Calaca,Uy,Noble,Manalo . VIBAL
DepED Modules
 Bukidnon Association of Catholic School (BUACS), Inc.
Diocese of Malaybalay

School:________________________________________
School Year 2020-2021

SUBJECT: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY Grade Level: 11

Quarter: FIRST Week: 5

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET NO.: 02

Topic: Random Sampling and Sampling Distribution

A. Background Information for Learners

Types of Random Sampling Techniques

Simple Random/Lottery Sampling – a sampling technique by which every member of
the population has an equal chance to be chosen as sample (drawn by lot)
Systematic Sampling – a sampling technique by which every member of the population
is selected with a random start.
Stratified Random sampling – a sampling technique that is used when the population
can be classified into groups or strata based on some characteristics such as age,
gender or socioeconomic status.
Cluster sampling – a sampling technique by which the sample is taken from different
levels generally from higher levels to lower levels
Multistage Sampling – a sampling technique that is done using the combination of
different sampling techniques.

Now that you know the different sampling techniques, the next thing that you need to
know is to determine the sample size to be taken from the population.
Illustrative example:
Supposing that your school has a population of 5,000 students and you want to
know the average height of the students, it would be impractical to interview or to get
the height of all students. All you need to do is to determine the sample size that will
estimate the whole population. To do this, we will use the Slovin’s Formula in getting
the sample size.

N
n= 2
1+ N e
Where n = sample size
N = number of population
e = margin of error
Considering e = 0.05 in the above situation where N = 5,000

5,000
n=
1+5,000 ( 0.05 )2
n=370.4∨371

Hence, you must select randomly 371 students as your sample. The result is rounded
up since this is getting samples from a population.
If the sample size obtained will be distributed by the table below, how many samples
will be taken randomly from each Grade level?

Grade Level No. of Students

Grade 7 1,100 1,100
Grade 8 980
Grade 9 900
Grade 10 850

Grade 11 680

Grade 12 490

Total 5,000

Solution:

To get the sample size from each Grade level, divide the number of students per
year level by the total number of students then multiply the quotient.

by the required sample size.

Grade 7 : (1,100 5,000 ) x 371 = 81.62 ≈ 82 students

Grade 8: ( 980 5,000 ) x 371 = 72.72 ≈ 73 students
Grade 9 ; ( 900 5,000 ) x 371 = 66.78 ≈ 67 students
Grade 10: ( 850 5,000 ) x 371 = 63.07 ≈ 63 students
Grade 11: ( 680 5,000 ) x 371 = 50.46 ≈ 50 students
Grade 12: ( 490 5,000 ) x 371 = 36.36 ≈ 36 students
371 students

Now that you know how to determine the sample size of a certain population,
you are now ready to learn how to compute the sample mean which serves as an
estimator for the population mean.

Illustrative example:
The heights in meters of 5 students chosen at random are 1.5 , 1.23,1.6, 1.4,
and 1.3.

The mean height of these 5 students is computed as,

1.5+1.23+1.6+1.4+ 1.3
Mean =
5

Mean = 1.41 meters

Statistic describes a sample as an estimate for the whole population. The fact is
about a very large population in which you can’t imagine the time and money to
be spent to survey the entire population.

Parameter describes the entire population. The fact is about the whole
population that is easy to figure out because the groups are small enough to
measure.

B. Learning Competency with Code

 illustrate random sampling; (M11/12SP-IIId-2)
 distinguish between parameter and statistics; (M11/12SP-IIId-3)
 identifies sampling distributions of statistics (sample mean).(
M11/12SP-IIId-4)

C. Objectives/Learning Targets
 illustrate random sampling
 distinguish between parameter and statistics; and
 identifies sampling distributions of statistics (sample mean)

D. Detailed Directions/Instructions

Read the instruction carefully. If possible answer your activity sheet on

your own.

Activity 1. Determining the sample size

Determine the sample size required for the given population using the Slovin’s
Formula.

1. Find the sample size required using the Slovin’s Formula from a
population of 20,000 given a margin of error of 5% .

Activity 2 ( Describe Me)

Identify which describes a statistic or a parameter.

______________1. 40% of the students are in favor of the anti-bullying

policy in school
______________2. The average grade of 5 out of 36 Grade 11 students is 93.
______________3. The midterm average grade of Grade 12 students is 89.
______________4. The average salary of the employees in a certain company
is Php 15,370.
______________5. The average score of the TVL students in Statistics and
Probability of a certain school is 82% .

Activity 3. Finding the mean

Compute the mean of the following:

1. The following shows the grades in Mathematics of the 15 randomly chosen

students from Grade 11- STEM

85 89 85 81 86 89 89 92 91 95 92 86 81 87 88
 Mean = _____________________

2. The following shows the monthly income of 12 randomly chosen families in a

certain barangay

P15,000 P18,000 P16,000

P20,000 P19,000 P18,000
P16,000 P20,000 P23,000
P20,000 P23,000 P21,000

Mean =____________________

G. Values Integration (contextualized per school)

H. References for Learners
Calaca,Uy,Noble,Manalo . VIBAL
DepED Modules

I. Answer Key