l. For any anglc A.

the sinc ancl cosinc of an angle A are defined as fbllorvs:

silrA= ]rr andcc,srl= I.

rvhcrc (-t..r.) arc the courclinatcs of a point P on a circlc s,ith centrc O and ritclitrs r as sltilrvn
\' \'

I -l-f,
,/ \
_f /

,\A,
1'(-r ,)ttr , {'\
o .Yo o

(a) (b)

2. The sine and cosine o1'an acute anglc or an obtuse anglc A can bc cxpressed in ternts ol'the sinc ancl ctlsine
ol' I 80' - A rcspectivcly.

I sinA-sin(180"-A)
L': t:-::q!g--
) :. Area of LABC = f,ab sinC

{ | i r.i'l l:ir 'l

4. In anl' AABC. the Sine Rule states thal

ubc
sinA=sinB=sinc
or
sinB sinC
sinA _-"-'=-
aDC

The Sine Rule cap be usecl to solve a triangle (i.e. {ind the unkttou'ti sides and anglcs) if the folloling
are given:
' two angle s and tl'rc lcngth of one side I or
. the lcngths of trvo sides and orte non'included angle

5. In any AABC. the Cosine Rule states that

bt +ct -e'
at =bt + c'-2bc ct:>sA cosA =
2bc
a +c -t)
bt = at + ct -2ac cos B or cos 1l =
furc
oI +D
r-l
-c
:
ct=at+b'-2abcosC cosC=
2ob

The Cosine Rulc can be used to solve a triangle if thc follorving are given

. the lengths of all three sides; clr

. the lengths of tr,vo sidcs and an included anglc

{.iiiliiri{ /
 t<tt<t{("' i

ePffs'Trd
Segeww
l. Given that sin 40" = 0.643 and cos ll:1'= -0.407 rvhcn corrected to 3 significant figures, find the valuc ot
each of the fbllorvin-q rvithout the usc of a calculator.
(a) sin 140'
(b) cos (16o
(c) 2cosl14'+3sinl40'

2. Giventhatsin l2-5'=0.8 l9andcosT-5'=i'1.2-59n'hencorrectcclto3sienificantfigurcs,lindthcvalue ofcach

I of the followinc rvithout the use of a calculator.

(a) 3 sin 5-5" + cos l05o
(b) -5 cos 105'
- 2 sin -5-5'
(c) -5 sin125" 4 sin -5-5"
(d) 7 cos 7-5" 3 cos 105"

3. Solvc cach o1'the follorving equations titr 0' < .r < I 80'.
(a) sinr=0.21-53
(b) sin .r = 0.729
(c) tan -r = 0.568
(d) tan -r = I .387
(e) cos -r = 4.163
(0 cosr= 4.624

) 4. The figure shorvs a right-angled LABC. ivhere ArgC = 90" ,BC=-5cm and AC = l3 crn. PAB is a straight line
I

Find the value of each of the follorvin-e * ithout using a calculator

(a) 3 sin P.4C' + 2 cos PAC
(b) 3 tan tr.4c + cos 468
(c) c()s P,4C - un AtB ,

.i,,i,l:itt,,W
5. The ligure shorvs APBR rvith vertices PG6.-2).QG.-2') and R(12.'1)

Find the value of each of the f<rllorving

(a) sin PPR
(b) cos rp,t
(c) tan QFR

6. The cliagram sho',vs three points P(-3.0).0(0.-l) anci R(6.4)

(a) Find the lcngth of PQ.

(b) Write do',vn the value of sin PpR and of cos fpR
(cl Use your answers in (b) to find
(i) thc area of APQR.
(ii) the length o1'PR.

i I 1,1) I !:l'i a,
 7. ThefigureshowsAABCrvithverticesA(-10.3).8(-5.--5)andC(22.--5).ThecoordinrrtesofKare( 10.5)

A(-10.3)

-10 -5 20 25

X
K(-10, -5) Ct11 5t

Find the value of each of the follorving.

(a) sin eEC
(b) cos eFC
(c) sin AfK + tan AdB

ls. Fincl the area of each of the follorving polygons

(a) C
(b)

l3 crn

(c) 6.8 cm (d)

t X l4 cm

(e) D (. (0

l-5 cm

114" 91" 94"

L-) cm

( i l,r. i'1 1
9. Find the unkno'"vn length(s) ancl an-sle(s) fbr each of the fbllorvine triangles

(a) B
(b) P

n 5 crn

(c) (d) x

I 7.6 crn

t4 cm

10. Find thc unknolvrr lcrrgth and anglcs firr each ol'the fbllorving trianglcs

(a, (b)
P

(c) (d)

{ iI-ii}li:ii a
 I]'ITERMEDIATE
11. Given that sin r = cos 108" and 0' { -r < 180". find the possible values of .t..

12. In the figure. ABC is a straight linc. Be D =90'.CD = 6 cm. BD = l0 cnr and BC =.t cm
D

l0 cm
6cm

\cm c
Find the verlue ot
^
(a) ,r. (b) 2 sin ,cio + cos BDC.

I (c) 3 cos AED + -5 cos CDD.

13. Solve each ol'the following equations for 0o <,r < 180".
(a) cos -r = -cos 40" (b) sin .r = sin 72o
(c) cos,r = -cos 107" (d) cos -r = ccls 126"
(e) sinr=sin 134' (f) sin ( 180" ,t) = 5i1 ?Q'

14.

7cm

.S P l:1 crn O

The {igure shows APQR r.vhcrc PQ = 24 cm, QR = 7 cnt and PQR = gO' . SPQ is a straight line
Find thc value of each of the following.
(a) sin rFp (b) cos SFR
) (c) sin SFR + tan rRp (d) 4 cos QFn + 3 cos SFR

20
15. Given that A is an obtuse angle and sin A , find the value of each of the followin-e
29
(a) cos A (b) 2cosA+tan(180"-A)
(c) 5cosA+4cos(180" AJ (d) TsinA 6sin(180' A)

16. In LPQR,PR = l6 cm, PQ =24 cmand QFR = 38'. Find

(i) the length of QR, (ii) PQR.

17. In LPQR,QR = 12 cm, PQ = I1.8 crn and PR = 9.E cm. Find the size of the largest angle in the trianglc.

18. In AABC, AB = 5 cm, AC = 8 cm and B,4c = 72'. Find

(i) thc length of BC, (ii) Aic

( 'l i..\ i'l t ,',,.,,ffi

19. ln LXYZ..r = 7.8 crrr..r.= 6.9 cni and: = I l.l cnr. Find the size o1'the smallest an-sle in the triangle and hence
lincl tlre arca of LXYZ.

20. In tl're llsurc. r\B = ll cm. AC = l -5 crn and BC = ) I ctn.

Calculate
(i) the value of cos 8,4C, giving your answer as a fiaction in its simplest form.
(ii) thc area of AABC.

21. Inthcdiagrarl,ABCisastraightline.AB=9cm. BD=20crn.CD =ll .5cmand AEC=128".

D

9crn B C

Calculate
(i) the length of AD. (ii) BDc.
area of LABD
(iii) BC, (iv) thc value of
arca of LBCD

22. Inthe diagram. ABCisastraight line,lED = 13(ro. SAO=2l",BC =5 cm anclBD =9cm

Find thc value of each of the fbllowine

(i) AB (ii) AD
(iii) cD (ir') Area of |-ACD
 23, In the diagrarn. BCD is a straight line. BC = 36 cn-r. CD = 24 cm and the area o1' LACD is 178 cm-
A

B 36 cnr 2;1 cnt

Calculate thc arca o1' AABC,

24. ln thc diagram. AQ = l-5 cnr. QB = 6.7 cnr. AP = .5 5 crn. PC = 10.4 cm and BAC =14"
A

6.7 cn.r

Calculatc thc arca of thc crr,raclrilateral PQBC and thc length of BC.

25. PBRS is a trapcziunr in rvliich PB is parallel to SR. PQ = 7 cm, QR = l2cm. R.5 = 23 cnr and PpR = 120".
Calculate
(i) the distancc bcn', ccn PB and SR. (ii) the length of SB.
(iii) P.iR. (iv) the lenqth of P.t.

26. ln LABC, AB =7 cm. AC = 8 cn and cos A . Calculate thc length of BC.

7cm

a li\1,i1_1.
ffi
27. ln tlre diagram. AB = 80 ,^.,qio = 41". BAC = 31'. DAC = 37'and DEC =36

31' 44'
80 cm

Find
(i) rJC.
(ii) BD.
(iii) cD.

28. In the diagrarn, pFS =90",QFR = 55". PQ= 3 cm. PR = -5 cm and PS = 8 cm

Find, corrcct to I decimal place,

(i) psn,
(ii) the area of triangle PQR.

@, I l.\l,j l_ll {
 29. The diagram shou's four corners of a field ABCD. AB = ,58 nt. BC- = 3-5 rn. AD = 6{) m. ebC = 8" antl
Ae D = 18".
n

60m

4go

5s m\ x-r"/
3
\ :-/
B

t Find
(i) AC, (ii) Dfc.
(iii) the arca of AACD.

30. In the diagram, PQ = 4 cm, RS = [3 cnt. QR = 6 cm and. RpS = -50"

R

P:lcm
Find the length of PR and PFS

31. ln thc ligure. NAf is a langent to the circle at A rvhose centre is O.

)
B
8cm
,ry

Given that ni,q = gO"

, AT = l2 cn"r and BT = 8 cm. calculate the radius of the circle and the area of triangle
AOB.

('l l.\ i'{ l H,1

@
32. In the figure. AB =22.4crn. /JP - 1.2 cn,CQ = 6.8 cnr. ABC =90" and AP is the angle bisector of AAC.
6.8 cn.r . C
o

J .2 cnt

22.1 cnt B

t"ind
(i) thc length of CP (ii) the length of PQ.
fiii) AAP. (iv) the area ()f LAPQ.

ADUANGED
In AABC. 76 = (2r- l) crr.BC= (,r+ 2) cm and,qBC= 120'

(2,t - l) crr

(i) Ciivcn that AC = Jl21 cm. lbrm an equation in.r and shorv that it reduces to 7rt + 3r - 124 = 0.
(ii) Solve thc equation 7,rr + -l,t - l14 = 0 and explain rvhy one of thc valucs o1',r has to be reir:r'terl
(iii) Using thc rcsult in (ii). calculatc the area of LABC .

wwwwwwwew
34. The sine of an anglc is 0.672.
Give tr.vo possible values 1or thc angle

ffi -r t'r:r:,
 35. ln the dia-uranr, ABCD represents lbur corners of a park ri ith AB = 7O nr. BC - s( )
'n.
AgC'= 1 20". (-D = l-10 In
and AD = 1.12 m.

Find
(i) the length of AC. (ii) thc areii of AABC.
(iii) AeD.

36. Thc cliagram shor.vs a school badgc. ABCD.in the shape of a trapeziunr. r1B = l4 mnr. (-D = l() nrm. irrrslc
BAD = 103" and anglc BCD = 42".

l-1 nrnr R

D lgmm ('

(a) Calculate
(i) angle ADB,
(ii) BD,
(iii) the area of trapezium ABCD.
)
(b) An enlargement of the school badge is made and CD becornes 0.9-5 m.
Find the area of the enlarged school badge. in cmt.

37. ThediagonalsACand BDof thequadrilateralABCD intersectatrightanglesatthepoint X.lf AX = 10cm.

BX = 8 cm, CD = | 8 cm and XfrC = -5r1o. calculate
(i) the length of XC and of BC.
(ii) nAx,
(iii) BDc.

{ lI \| l i:l'l fr
w
38. E
/

lrr the diagram, ABC and CDE are triangles rvhere AD is perpendicular to AB and DE.
CD=6cmandCf=rcm.
Angle ACE = _1''.
(a) Write down an cxpressictn. in terms of -t. for cos t'o.
(b) 'fhc area of triangle CDE is 3 tirnes the arca of triangle ABC.Find AC .

@.-.'i'-'..