16 Uji Sterilitas
16 Uji Sterilitas
16 Uji Sterilitas
Iin Susanti
Jakarta, 10 November 2015
1
Uji Sterilitas
Uji Sterilitas
• Tidak
Tidak digunakan untuk menjamin bahwa produk
digunakan untuk menjamin bahwa produk
steril
MUTU HARUSLAH DIBENTUK KE DALAM PRODUK
TIDAK CUKUP HANYA SEKEDAR LULUS UJI
UJI MERUPAKAN BAGIAN DARI RANGKAIAN
UJI MERUPAKAN BAGIAN DARI RANGKAIAN
TINDAKAN PENGENDALIAN
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Uji Sterilitas
Uji Sterilitas
• USP
USP <71>
<71>
• The test is applied to substances, preparations,
or articles which according to the
or articles which, according to the
Pharmacopoeia, are required to be sterile
• However, a satisfactory results only indicates
H if l l i di
that no contaminating micoorganism has been
f
found in the sample examined under the
di h l i d d h
conditions of the test
4
FASILITAS untuk UJI STERILITAS
• Kondisi aseptis
• Kelas A unidirectional airflow protected zone
K l A idi ti l i fl t t d
atau biosafety cabinet, dengan backgroud
kelas B
kelas B
• Alternatif: menggunakan isolator
• Working conditions should be monitored
regularly (Environment Monitoring Program):
– Air sampler, settling plates, contact agar
– EM should be performed under operational
p p
(dynamic) conditions
5
Isolator di Industri Farmasi
Isolator di Industri Farmasi
• Tujuan:
– Sebagai containment untuk penanganan
dangerous materials
– Proses aseptis dalam lingkungan yang terkontrol
(microbiologically controlled environment)
• Negative pressure or positive pressure
6
• Kelebihan isolator:
– Tidak memerlukan background kelas B
Tidak memerlukan background kelas B
– Bisa ditempatkan di non‐class environment
– Environment monitoring “lebih ringan”
g g
• Kekurangan:
– Harga (? ‐
g appraisal cost)
pp
– Perlu penanganan khusus (cleaning, desinfeksi, tata cara
bekerja menggunakan isolator)
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Personnel
• Trained
Trained & qualified to perform sterility testing
& qualified to perform sterility testing
• Supervisors should ensure that all personnel
follow the SOP.
follow the SOP.
• Personnel should undergo periodic re‐
qualification, particularly when problems are
qualification, particularly when problems are
detected during the course of routine EM or
when operators perform the test infrequently
• Training should include gowning procedure to
enter facility
SAMPLE
Number of items in the Minimum no. of items to be
batch tested for each medium
Parenteral Preparation
10% or 4 containers, whichever is the
Not more than 100 containers
greater
More than 100 but not more than 500
10 containers
10 containers
containers
More than 500 containers 2% or 20 containers, whichever is less
For large volume parenteral 2% or 10 containers, whichever is less
etc
Less than 1 mL The whole contents of each container
Half the contents of each container,
1‐40 mL
but not less than 1 mL
Greater than 40 mL, and not greater
20 mL
than 100 mL
Greater than 100 mL 10% of the contents of container
etc
Antibiotik dan pengawet perlu dinetralkan
Antibiotik dan pengawet perlu dinetralkan
HOW ??
• Dilution
Dil ti
• Chemical neutralization, e.g: Tween 80
• Filtration
• Enzyme activity, e.g: β‐lactamase
• Combination of the above four methods
SAMPLING
• Sample awal, tengah, akhir dari proses filling
Sample awal tengah akhir dari proses filling
• Atau diambil setiap interval waktu tertentu
• After significant intervention
Sterility Test: Methods
Sterility Test: Methods
DIRECT INOCULATION
DIRECT INOCULATION
MEMBRANE FILTRATION
Open system
O t
Closed system
Sebisa mungkin metoda yang dipilih adalah
membran filtrasi. Apabila tidak
memungkinkan, barulah digunakan metoda
direct inoculation.
Membrane Filtration: Closed system
Membrane Filtration: Closed system
Membrane Filtration: Open System
Membrane Filtration
• Filtration should be followed by minimum
number of washes of the membrane
b f h f h b
• The membrane should not be permitted to
dry out between filtration step
• Pore size of the membrane ≤ 0.45µm:
µ
– cellulose nitrate: aqueous, oily & weakly alcoholic
solution
– cellulose acetate: strongly alcoholic solution
• When
When small volumes is tested, filter should be
small volumes is tested, filter should be
pre‐wetted
Sterility Test Direct Inoculation
Sterility Test – Direct Inoculation
Direct Inoculation: General Procedure
Direct Inoculation: General Procedure
• Aseptically transfer the sample directly into
the culture media
• Sample volume less than 10% of the volume
p
of the medium
• If product with antimicrobial activity :
If product with antimicrobial activity :
– Carry out the test after neutralizing the B&F effect
– Neutralizing substance / dilution
g
• Incubate
• Examine for turbidity
Examine for turbidity
Direct Inoculation
Direct Inoculation
• When it is necessary to use a large volume of
y g
the product, it may be preferable to use a
p p
concentrated culture medium prepared in
such a way that it takes into account the
q
subsequent dilution.
• Where appropriate, the concentrated medium
maybe added directly to the product in its
maybe added directly to the product in its
container
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Culture Media
Soybean‐Casein Digest Medium (SCDM, TSB)
• Suitable for both aerobic bacteria and fungi
• Incubated at 20‐25°C (EP) and 22.5°C +/‐ 2.5°C (USP)
Fluid Thioglycollate
gy Medium (FTM)
( )
• Primarily intended for the culture of anaerobic
bacteria. It will also detect aerobic bacteria
• Resazurin sodium solution as an indicative of oxygen
• Ratio surface to depth : Not more than 1/3 pink colour
during the storage and 1/2 at the end of the
during the storage and 1/2 at the end of the
incubation period
• Incubated at 30‐35°C (EP) and 32.5°C +/‐ 2.5°C (USP)
• Expiry date shall be defined & validated
Testing of Media
Testing of Media
• pH
p
– FTM : 7.1 ± 0.2
– SCDM : 7.3 ± 0.2
• Sterility:
St ilit
– All media should pre‐incubated for 14 days at appropriate
test temperature to demonstrate sterility prior to use.
– Alternatively, this control test may be conducted
concurrently with the sterility test.
– No growth occurs
• Growth Promotion Test
Growth Promotion Test
• Challenge organism strain used:
– Aerobic: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas
p y , ,
aeruginosa
– Anaerobic: Clostridium sporogenes
– Fungi: Candida albicans, Aspegillus niger
• Inoculation: 10‐100 CFU:
– FTM: S.aureus, P.aeruginosa & C.sporogenes
– SCDM: B.SUbtilis, C.albicans & A.niger
• Growth of organism should be clearly visible in the test media
within 3 days for bacteria and 5 days for fungi
• It may be performed concurrently with the sterility test
It may be performed concurrently with the sterility test
• Cultures maintained by seed lot culture techniques should ≤ 5
passages from the original type culture strain which was
obtained from a recognized reference culture supplier
bt i d f i d f lt li
Observation
• Observation
Observation at interval during the incubation
at interval during the incubation
period
• Media is examine for macroscopic evidence of
Media is examine for macroscopic evidence of
microbial growth
• Evidence of growth: media become turbid
E id f h di b bid
Stasis Test
Stasis Test
• Not
Not mandatory
mandatory
• The test is performed by inoculation of 10‐100
CFU of challenge organisms directly to
CFU of challenge organisms directly to
representative test containers of media
containing product which do not display any
containing product, which do not display any
signs of contamination at the end of
incubation period
incubation period
Interpretation of Results
p
• If no evidence of microbial growth is found
( t bidit b
(no turbidity observed)
d)
comply / pass
• If evidence of microbial growth is found
(turbidity is observed)
(turbidity is observed)
Not comply / not pass = HULS
Penanganan HULS ‐ Sterilitas
• Investigasi
• A test may be repeated only when it can be demonstrated
y p y
that the test was invalid
• Invalid conditions:
– EM
EM data not pass
data not pass
– A review of the testing procedure used during the test in question
reveals a fault
– Microbial growth is found in the negative controls
Mi bi l hi f di h i l
– After determination of the identity of the micro‐organisms
isolated from the test, the growth of this species may be ascribed
unequivocally to faults with respect to the material and/or the
i ll t f lt ith t t th t i l d/ th
technique used in conducting the sterility test procedure
– Failure of challenge microorganisms to grow in the stasis test
Repeat Test
Repeat Test
• If
If the test is declared to be invalid, it is
the test is declared to be invalid it is
repeated with the same number of units as in
the original test
the original test
• If no evidence of microbial growth is found in
the repeat test the product pass
the repeat test, the product pass
• If microbial growth is found in the repeat test,
the product is failed and should be rejected
h d i f il d d h ld b j d
VALIDASI
VALIDASI
UJI STERILITAS
UJI STERILITAS
Validasi Uji Sterilitas
Validasi Uji Sterilitas
• Objective:
Certain products may contain
b
bacteriostatic or fungistatic agents which,
i i f i i hi h
if not neutralized, will inhibit the growth
of viable microorganisms present in the
p
product, producing false negative results.
,p g g
Validasi Uji Sterilitas
Validasi Uji Sterilitas
Also referred to as a bacteriostasis and
Also referred to as a bacteriostasis and
fungistasis test
performed in the presence of the product to
performed in the presence of the product to
determine whether inhibitory properties in
the product have been neutralized at the
the product have been neutralized at the
beginning of the sterility test incubation
period.
period
Validasi Uji Sterilitas:
j
• Method Suitability Test
• Membrane Filtration:
After transferring the content of the container(s) to be
tested to the membrane, add an inoculum of a small
number of viable microorganisms (not more than 100 CFU)
to the final portion of sterile diluent used to rinse the filter
to the final portion of sterile diluent used to rinse the filter
• Direct inoculation:
After transferring the content of the container(s) to be
After transferring the content of the container(s) to be
tested to the culture medium, add an inoculum of a small
number of viable microorganisms (not more than 100 CFU)
to the medium
Culture Media: Suitability Test
Culture Media: Suitability Test
• The suitability test have to be carried out before, or in parallel
y , p
with the validation
• Media Sterilityy
Avoid
sterility testing should be performed to confirm the
False sterility of the microbiological medium.
Positive
• Media Growth promotion Test
To confirm the ability of the test medium to support
To confirm the ability of the test medium to support
Avoid
False the growth and reproduction of selected
Negative
microorganisms.
Growth Promotion Test
Growth Promotion Test
FTM incubated at 30‐35°C (EP), 32,5 + 2.5°C (USP) with :
( ), , ( )
• Clostridium sporogenes anaerobic
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa aerobic
• Staphylococcus aureus aerobic
SCDM incubated at 20‐25°C (EP), 22,5 + 2,5°C (USP) with
• Aspergillus niger fungi
• Bacillus subtilis aerobic
• Candida albicans
C did lbi f
fungii
Tambahan in‐house microflora
Validasi Uji Sterilitas: Challenge organism
Validasi Uji Sterilitas: Challenge organism
Same microorganism used in Growth
promotion test
i
• Clostridium sporogenes
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Aspergillus niger
• Bacillus subtilis
ill b ili
• Candida albicans
• In‐house culture (obtain from EM)
10‐100 CFU
The challenge inoculum should be verified by
The challenge inoculum should be verified by
concurrent viable plate counts.
V lid i Uji St ilit I t
Validasi Uji Sterilitas: Interpretation Result
t ti R lt
If clearly visible growth of microorganisms obtain
y g g
after the incubation, visually comparable to that in
the control vessel without product, either the
product possesses no anti‐microbial activity under
the condition of the test or such activity has been
satisfactorily eliminated
satisfactorily eliminated
If no visible growth, modify the condition in order to
eliminate the antimicrobial activity and repeat
eliminate the antimicrobial activity, and repeat
validation
Validasi Uji Sterilitas: Acceptance Criteria
bacteria grows within 3 days
grows within 3 days
fungi
g ggrows within 5 days
y
Validasi Uji Sterilitas: WHEN ?
New Product
There is a change in the condition of
th t t
the test
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