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Introduction To Computer Programming

This document introduces computer programming and the program development cycle. It defines a computer program as a sequence of instructions written in a programming language to perform tasks. The program development cycle involves 6 steps: (1) defining the problem, (2) designing the program using algorithms and flowcharts, (3) coding the program, (4) testing and debugging, (5) documenting the program, and (6) maintaining the program for changes over time. Computer programs are used across many fields and examples are provided.

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Al Laurio
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710 views

Introduction To Computer Programming

This document introduces computer programming and the program development cycle. It defines a computer program as a sequence of instructions written in a programming language to perform tasks. The program development cycle involves 6 steps: (1) defining the problem, (2) designing the program using algorithms and flowcharts, (3) coding the program, (4) testing and debugging, (5) documenting the program, and (6) maintaining the program for changes over time. Computer programs are used across many fields and examples are provided.

Uploaded by

Al Laurio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

TO COMPUTER
PROGRAMMING
What is a Computer Program?

•is a sequence of instructions written using a


Computer Programming Language to perform a
specified task by the computer.
• To understand the given terms, consider a situation
when someone asks you about how to go to a
nearby KFC. What exactly do you do to tell him the
way to go to KFC?

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to


KFC, something as follows:

First go straight, after half kilometer, take left


from the red light and then drive around one
kilometer and you will find KFC at the right.
• Here, you have used English Language to give several
steps to be taken to reach KFC. If they are
followed in the following sequence, then you will
reach KFC:
1. Go straight
2. Drive half kilometer
3. Take left
4. Drive around one kilometer
5. Search for KFC at your right side
•The given sequence of instructions is actually a
Human Program written in English Language,
which instructs on how to reach Jollibee from a
given starting point. This same sequence could
have been given in Spanish, Hindi, Arabic, or any
other human language, provided the person
seeking direction knows any of these languages.
What is a Computer Program?
•is also called computer software, which can range
from two lines to millions of lines of instructions.

•Software (program, apps=applications)


Computer Programs…
•Computer program instructions =>
program source code
•computer programming => program coding

A computer without a computer program is just


a dump box; it is programs that make computers
active.
What is Computer Programming?
•the act of writing computer programs.
•Program coding
Programming Languages
Programming Languages
Uses of Computer Programs
Computer programs are being used in almost every
field:
• household
• education
• agriculture
• medical
• entertainment
• defense
• communication, etc.
Examples Computer Programs
• Microsoft Office (MS Word, MS Excel, MS
PowerPoint)
• MS Paint, Adobe Photoshop, Gimp, Picassa
• Windows Media Player, VLC, Power Director
• AutoCad, SketchUp, Blender, Maya
• Windows Defender, Avast, AVG
• Counter Strike, Dota 2
Examples of Computer Programs
Why Programming?
• Our world is automated.
• Potentially High Income.
• Understand how a computer works.
• Develop problem solving skills.
• Learn to combine Technical Skills and Creativity.

https://potomac.edu/why-learn-programming/
Program
Development
Cycle /
Programming
Cycle / System
Development
Life Cycle
1. Problem Definition
• The first step in the process of program
development is the thorough understanding and
identification of the problem for which is the
program or software is to be developed.
• In this step the problem has to be defined
formally.
2. Program Design
• The software developer makes use of tools like
algorithms and flowcharts to develop the design
of the program.
• Algorithm
• Flowchart and Pseudocode
Algorithm Example:
• is a step-by-step
procedure to
resolve any
problem.
• an effective
method expressed
as a finite set of
well-defined
instructions.
Flowchart Example:
• a diagram that depicts
a process, system or
computer algorithm.
• a graphical
representation of a
computer program in
relation to its
sequence of functions
(as distinct from the
data it processes).
Oxford Dictionary

https://www.lucidchart.com/pages/
what-is-a-flowchart-tutorial
Flowchart
Example:
3. Program Coding
• Once the design process is complete, the actual
computer program is written, i.e. the instructions
are written in a computer language.
• Coding is generally a very small part of the entire
program development process and also a less time
consuming activity in reality.
• All the syntax errors i.e. errors related to spelling,
missing commas, undefined labels etc. are
eliminated.
1
2 ,3

5
6
4. Testing and Debugging
• The program is tested on a number of suitable test
cases.
• A test plan of the program has to be done at the
stage of the program design itself.
• At this stage the errors in the programs are
detected and corrected.
• This stage of program development is an
important process.
• Debugging is also known as program validation.
5. Documentation
• Documentation help the users and the
people who maintain the software.
• This ensures that future modification if
required can be done easily. Also it is
required during redesigning and
maintenance.
6. Maintenance
• Updating and correction of the program for
changed conditions and field experience is
accounted for in maintenance.
• Maintenance becomes essential in following
situations:
• Change in specification,
• Change in equipment,
• Errors which are found during the actual execution
of the program.
References:
•https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_programming/computer_programming_tutorial.pdf
•https://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/samplechapter/0/3/2/1/0321537114.pdf
•https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-algorithm-and-flowchart/
•https://www.cseworldonline.com/articles/stages-of-program-development-process.php
•https://www.visual-paradigm.com/servlet/editor-content/tutorials/flowchart-tutorial/sites/7/2018/09/flowchart-
example-calculate-profit-and-loss.png
•https://engineerstutor.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/1-7.jpg
•http://www.zuks.javak.co.za/client/images/illustrations/simpleJavaCode.png
•https://www.thecrazyprogrammer.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Difference-between-Flowchart-and-
Algorithm.jpg
•https://miro.medium.com/max/508/0*24zDObQ_OUStwcIB.png
•https://c.mql5.com/6/792/Untitled.png

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