Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 54 views

    Hodges KAUST 1-7-11 Without Video Low Res

    Uploaded by

    Howard Weiss
    The document discusses Integrated Seawater Agriculture Systems (ISAS), which aim to sustainably produce food and freshwater from seawater. ISAS utilize aquaculture, salicornia farming, and mangrove forests together in a symbiotic system. Nutrients from aquaculture effluent are absorbed by salicornia fields and mangroves, with a negligible amount reaching the sea. Diagrams show how this nutrient recycling works and how irrigation maintains a steady soil salt content in salicornia fields. The document also presents examples of ISAS operations in Eritrea that have increased biodiversity and production of foods like shrimp.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Hodges KAUST 1-7-11 Without Video Low Res

    Uploaded by

    Howard Weiss
    54 views92 pages
    The document discusses Integrated Seawater Agriculture Systems (ISAS), which aim to sustainably produce food and freshwater from seawater. ISAS utilize aquaculture, salicornia farming, and mangrove forests together in a symbiotic system. Nutrients from aquaculture effluent are absorbed by salicornia fields and mangroves, with a negligible amount reaching the sea. Diagrams show how this nutrient recycling works and how irrigation maintains a steady soil salt content in salicornia fields. The document also presents examples of ISAS operations in Eritrea that have increased biodiversity and production of foods like shrimp.

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses Integrated Seawater Agriculture Systems (ISAS), which aim to sustainably produce food and freshwater from seawater. ISAS utilize aquaculture, salicornia farming, and mangrove forests together in a symbiotic system. Nutrients from aquaculture effluent are absorbed by salicornia fields and mangroves, with a negligible amount reaching the sea. Diagrams show how this nutrient recycling works and how irrigation maintains a steady soil salt content in salicornia fields. The document also presents examples of ISAS operations in Eritrea that have increased biodiversity and production of foods like shrimp.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    54 views92 pages

    Hodges KAUST 1-7-11 Without Video Low Res

    Uploaded by

    Howard Weiss
    The document discusses Integrated Seawater Agriculture Systems (ISAS), which aim to sustainably produce food and freshwater from seawater. ISAS utilize aquaculture, salicornia farming, and mangrove forests together in a symbiotic system. Nutrients from aquaculture effluent are absorbed by salicornia fields and mangroves, with a negligible amount reaching the sea. Diagrams show how this nutrient recycling works and how irrigation maintains a steady soil salt content in salicornia fields. The document also presents examples of ISAS operations in Eritrea that have increased biodiversity and production of foods like shrimp.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 92

    The “I” of ISAS

    Carl N. Hodges, Co-Chairman,


    The New Nile Co.

    KAUST Center for 21st Century


    Desert Agriculture Workshop
    8 -10 January 2010
    The “I” of ISAS
    (Integrated Seawater Agriculture Systems)
    Its Science and Design Benefits

    “But that is then. This is now.”


    In this case, however, then is now. 2
    7
    9
    10
    11
    12
    Parched Indian villagers mob a vast well in Natwargadh, Gujarat. In this
    drought-prone western state, yearly monsoon rains can total less than eight
    inches, and summer temperatures have topped 115°F. 13
    Integrated Seawater Agriculture System (ISAS) Product Flow

    15
    Seawater Farms Eritrea:
    An ISAS System

    16
    17
    18
    Shrimp harvest Seawater Farms, Eritrea

    19
    20
    Tilapia Fish Cages
    Seawater Farms Eritrea

    21
    Salicornia Fields
    Seawater Farms Eritrea

    22
    Inter-cropping of Salicornia and Mangroves
    Seawater Farms Eritrea

    23
    Mangrove Stems & Leaves
    Seawater Farms Eritrea

    24
    2 year old mangrove trees
    Seawater Farms Eritrea

    25
    26
    Root System from one year old Mangrove tree
    Seawater Farms Eritrea
    27
    Seabirds in estuary, Seawater Farms Eritrea
    (Bird species increased from 12 to 200 after
    development of the farm)
    28
    Freshwater lens with seawater lake in background
    Seawater Farms Eritrea

    29
    30
    31
    Salicornia seed threshed fresh from the field

    32
    Goat feed trials using seawater-based feeds
    Seawater Farms Eritrea

    33
    34
    35
    36
    37
    38
    39
    40
    41
    Seabirds in estuary, Seawater Farms Eritrea
    (Bird species increased from 12 to 200 after
    development of the farm)

    42
    43
    44
    45
    46
    47
    Central Termoeléctrica Puerto Libertad
    Sonora, México

    48
    49
    50
    Inland Seawater Elevated River
    Functions
    System (ISERS)
    1. Conveyance of desired seawater to locations of maximum benefit
    utilization.
    2. Transportation via water crafts
    3. Aquaculture Production Area
    4. Water Storage for Daily Demand +/- 60 cm for sea forest irrigation
    5. Off-peak power storage (wind, solar, nuclear, etc.)
    6. Site specific areas of ISERS designed for maximum contribution to
    stopping Sea Level Rise (SLR)
    7. Recreation
    8. Biodiversity & Beauty
    9. Meso freshwater catchment barrier (above ground)
    10. Inland subsurface seawater wedge for fresh water catchment and
    freshwater lens creation
    52
    53
    54
    55
    56
    57
    58
    59
    60
    61
    62
    63
    64
    65
    66
    67
    68
    69
    70
    Dr. Rahul Chaturvedi 79
    80
    81
    82
    83
    84
    “Recently I noticed with great concern the
    deterioration of the discussion about the
    Halophyte Enterprise in Saudi Arabia. What
    I thought is a visionary venture and a sound
    investment in the future degenerated to a
    maneuver for a commercial deal by all sides.
    And I realize that this best be left for the
    shrewd businessman. Therefore until such
    time when the dialog is elevated to what it
    was at the outset I suspend my direct and
    indirect involvement in this matter.”
    Aeriel penasco

    87
    88
    89
    “So, sustainable
    development is partly
    about social justice.

    It cannot be achieved in
    only one sphere, such
    as the economic
    sphere. It will require
    types of partnership
    never before witnessed
    in human history.”

    90
    Feed seawater
    100 kg N

    70 kg N

    28 kg N

    28 kg N 3 kg N

    Groundwater flow

    Aquaculture salicornia Mangrove forests


    30% N use efficiency 60% N use efficiency 90% N use efficiency

    Fig 2 : nutrients flow in ISAS systems among production units with ever-
    increasing use efficiency: nitrogen (protein) input in aquaculture is 70%
    wasted with effluents, however this effluent is cleaned first in salicornia fields,
    then after temporary subsurface transit, remainder of nutrients are scavenged
    in mangrove forests; thus instead of 70% of N input to aquaculture being
    discharged to sea, only a negligible 3% reaches the sea in ISAS systems.
    Evaporation + transpiration
    = 50 L @ 0 g/L salt
    = 0 kg salt Irrigation (10 cm/week)
    = 100 L @ 35 g/L salt
    = 3.5 kg salt

    1 m3 soil x 20% moisture
    = 200 L water @ 70 g/L salt 1 m3 SOIL
    = 14 kg salt STEADY‐STATE

    Seepage
    = 50 L @ 70 g/L salt
    = 3.5 kg salt

    Fig 3 : by providing 100% excess irrigation water over the evapotranspiration


    rate, the ouput of salt from 1 m3 soil (3.5 kg/m2/week) matches the input,
    ensuring stable (steady-state) salt content in the soil; numbers are cumulated
    flows over a 1-week period in 1-m3 soil with flood irrigated salicornia

    You might also like