FOR INSTANCE

Name : Aura Putri Farisca

Class : XI MIA 3 / 07

1. Peta Konsep
For Example
and Such as

Social Function Generic Structure Language Features

FOR EXAMPLE / FOR INSTANCE

The expression for example is followed by supporting details for the word directly
mentioned before it. Punctuation varies before example words—such as, namely,
for example, e.g., or for instance. It depends on how the word is used in the
sentence.
Example :
 Vitamin C is found in colorful vegetables. For example/ For instance, bell
peppers have a lot of vitamin C.
 Calcium is found in green leafy vegetables; for example, broccoli, kale, arugula,
or spinach have over 160 mg. per serving.

A clause ending in a period or a semicolon comes before the introductory clause.

Place a comma after the introductory phrase for example.

2. A MID-SENTENCE COMMENT

 Red bell peppers, for example, have a lot of vitamin C.

 Red bell peppers, for instance, have a lot of vitamin C
 Red bell peppers, like oranges, have a lot of vitamin C.

Commas set off a phrase that adds non-identifying, non-essential information. Note
the comment can be removed and the sentence still makes sense.

3. A NON-IDENTIFYING DETAIL

 Green leafy vegetables, for example, spinach, contain calcium.

 Colorful vegetables, for instance, bell peppers, contain vitamin C.
 Some vegetables contain calcium for example broccoli.
 Some vegetables, for example broccoli, contain calcium.
Place the example directly after the word it modifies.

4A. AN ADDED AFTERTHOUGHT (PHRASE)

 Calcium is in green leafy vegetables, for example, broccoli, kale, arugula, and
spinach.
 Calcium is in green leafy vegetables; for example, broccoli, kale, arugula, and
spinach.

A comma or a semicolon is placed before for example. A comma is placed after it.
The example phrase is placed directly after the word it modifies.

Note that this is an exception to the general rule that a semicolon is always
followed by an independent clause. (Gregg 182)

4B. AN EXPLANATION

 Vitamin C is found in colorful vegetables: [colon] bell peppers, purple kale,

tomatoes.
 Green leafy vegetables: for example, broccoli, kale, or spinach have over 160 mg.
of calcium per serving.

An introductory clause may be followed by a colon or a colon and for example,

before the explanatory list of items.

4C. AN APPOSITIVE

 Cruciferous vegetables, Brassicaceae, are good for one's health.

appositive (N) – another name for the word before it

(GREGG 182) (CMOS §6.44)

5. A LIST OF ITEMS IN TECHNICAL WRITING

 Cruciferous vegetables (e.g., cauliflower, cabbage, cress, bok choy, broccoli)

have anti-cancer properties.

Nonfinite verbs (e.g., infinitives, gerunds, modals) and birds.

The abbreviation e.g. stands for Latin exempli gratia and means "for example".
The abbreviated form is used mostly in technical journals. It gives examples for
something directly mentioned before. (Merriam-Webster 520)
 Kegiatan Belajar 1
SUCH AS
The expression such as relates supporting details to the word directly mentioned
before it. The word like commonly introduces one example and may mean "similar
to". Commas are not used if the phrase defines the word or words that precede it.

SUCH AS—INITIAL
The expression such as is not used initially.

 Vitamin C is found in colorful vegetables. *Such as, bell peppers contain a lot of
vitamin C.

SUCH AS—MID
Such as does not occur as a mid-sentence comment.

 *Red bell peppers, such as, have a lot of vitamin C.

SUCH AS—AN IDENTIFYING DETAIL

 Vegetables such as spinach contain calcium.

Note that "such as spinach" is an identifying phrase; no commas are used.

 Kale, like spinach, contains a lot of calcium.

Like is often followed by one example and means "similar to". Note that "like
spinach" is not an identifying phrase; it adds extra information. Commas are used.

4A SUCH AS—AN AFTER THOUGHT (PHRASE)

 Calcium exists in vegetables such as broccoli, kale, arugula, and spinach.

 Calcium exists in green leafy vegetables, like broccoli.

Note that "such as broccoli…" is an identifying phrase; no commas are used.

However, "like broccoli" is not an identifying phrase; commas are used.

4B AN EXPLANATION

 Green leafy vegetables such as broccoli, kale, or spinach have over 160 mg. of
calcium per serving.

4C AN APPOSITIVE
Such as does not occur with an appositive.
Such as does not occur in an abbreviated Latin form.
 Kegiatan Belajar 2
The World's Most Unusual Millionaire

Hetty Robinson was born in 1834. When her parents died, she was thirty years old.
They left her $10 million ($185 million in today's dollars). She was very good at
business and soon made more money. Hetty was famous as the riches woman in the
United States, but she was also famous because she was very stingy.
Even when she was young, she was stingy. For instance, on her twenty-first
birthday, she refused to light the candles on her birthday cake because she did not
want to waste them. The next day, she cleaned the candles and returned them to the
store to get a refund.
Hetty always thought men wanted to marry her for her money. Finally, at the age
of thirty-three, she decided to get married because she did not want her relatives to get
her money. She married Edward Green, who was a millionaire. They had a son and a
daughter. Soon after, Hetty divorced him because she did not agree with him about
money matters.
Hetty was even stingy with her own child. For example, when her son hurt his knee
in an accident, Hetty did not call a doctor. She tired to take care of it herself. When
her son's knee didn't get better, she dressed him in old clothes and took him to a free
clinic. The doctors recognized her and asked for money. Hetty refused to pay and
took her son home. The boy did not get medical treatment, and a few years later his
leg was amputated.
Hetty was stingy with herself, too. For example, she always wore the same black
dress. As the years passed by, the color of the dress changed from black to green and
then brown. When the dress became dirty, she went to a cheap laundry and told them
to wash only the bottom where it was dirty, and she waited until it was ready. Her
undergarments were old newspapers she got from the streets. She rented a cheap
apartment with no heat in New Jersey because she did not want to pay taxes in New
York. Then she traveled on the train to her office in New York. Her office was a
space in a bank, which the bank gave to her for free. All she ate was raw onions and
cold oatmeal. She as too stingy to spend money to heat her food. Sometimes, to heat
her oatmeal, she put it on the office heater because that was free. She also ate
cookies, but regular cookies were too expensive for her, so she walked a long way to
get broken cookies, which were much cheaper. One time, she spent half the night
looking for a two-cent stamp.
When Hetty Green died in 1916, she had no friends. She left more than $100
million (over $17 billion today) to her son and daughter. Her son and daughter were
not stingy like Hetty, and they spent the money freely.

Exercise 1
Directions: Circle T if the answer is true. Circle F if the answer is false.

1. Hetty's parents died when she was thirty. T F

2. Hetty ate mostly raw onions and cold oatmeal. T F
3. Hetty called the doctor for her son. T F
4. Hetty lived in New York. T F
5. Hetty live in an apartment with no heat. T F
6. When Hetty died, she left $10 million. T F
Exercise 2
Directions: Describe a stingy person you know.

Identify the person.

Example: Mr. Norton lives in my apartment building.
Lucy is my friend from the drawing club.

What does this person NOT like to spend money on (for example, food, new clothes,
restaurants, gifts)?
Example: This person does not like to spend money on electricity.
This person doesn't like to spend money to buy the drawing tools.

Give an example.
Example: When I go to see him in his apartment in the evening, it is always dark.
The curtains are open so that he gets light from the street.
She always borrows drawing equipment belonging to mine and other friends, but
when I want to take mine back she never wants to return it. Even though we know she
has the money to buy it.

 Model Paragraph

My Selfish Brother

My brother is very selfish. He does not want to share things with other people. For
example, when he buys a chocolate bar, he puts it in a secret place. Then he eats it
all, by himself. He never helps anyone. He says he is busy. For example, a game of
Nintendo makes him very busy. He does not care if something he does bothers other
people. For instance, last night he played loud rock 'n' roll music until four o'clock in
the morning. In conclusion, I think my brother is selfish and will always be selfish.

 Organizing

Giving Examples :
- To introduce an example in your paragraph, you can use the following:
For example, ...or For instance, ...
- Underline the words showing examples in the reading The World's Most Unusual
Millionaire.
- Underline the words showing examples in the model paragraph.
- Look at the use of the comma with the words showing examples.
- Now go back and circle all the commas with the words showing examples in the
reading and in the model paragraph.
- In the model paragraph, the writer used for example or for instance to give details
about supporting sentences.

Topic sentence: My brother is very selfish.

Supporting sentence: He does not want to share things with other people.
Detail or example of supporting sentence: For example, when he buys a chocolate
bar, he puts it in a secret place.
For example and for instance have the same meaning. When your sentence begins
with for example or for instance, put a comma after these words.

 For example, when he buys a chocolate bar, he puts it in a secret place.

 For instance, when he buys a chocolate bar, he puts it in a secret place.

A sentence that begins with for example or for instance must be complete sentence.

 For example, Hetty Green. (Not correct)

 For example, Hetty Green was a millionaire. (Correct)

Exercise 3
Directions: The following sentences are not complete or have mistakes. Write out the
correct sentences.

For example he gets food all over his shirt.

My little brother is very careless and always makes a mess, for example he gets food
all over his shirt.
For instance, washes dishes.
Railey is a good boy and always helps with the house. For instance, washes dishes.
For example: she never writes down my telephone messages.
My friend is very ignorant and annoying, she never writes down my telephone
messages.
For instance, a doctor.
There are many jobs that produce service. For instance, a doctor
For instance she always leaves the bathroom in a mess.
My sister is a very dirty person. For instance, she always leaves the bathroom in a
mess.
Example :
A name of a person or a thing can follow the words for example and for instance.
Women became leaders in the last century. For example, Margaret Thatcher and
Golda Meir were both prime ministers of their countries.