Introduction

In this assignment, our group have decided to select the movie, I, Robot. I, Robot is
a Sci-fi and Action movie from 2004 directed by Alex Proyas. The main cast of the
movie is Will Smith. The synopsis of this movie is – “Del Spooner (Will Smith)
investigates the murder of Dr Alfred, who works at US Robotics, with the help of a
robopsychologist. He tries to deduce if a robot has violated the laws of robotics and
killed him”. Our team decided to choose this film because this film fulfill our
assignment’s task since this movie highly relates to AI.

Define AI
Artificial intelligence is a simulation of human brain and action processed by
machines and computer systems. AI include expert systems, natural language
processing, speech recognition and machine vision. The phrase, AI is widely used to
refer to a project aimed at creating systems with human-like cognitive abilities, such
as the ability to reason, discern meaning, generalize, and learn from past
experiences. Since the invention of the digital computer in the 1940s, it has been
proved that computers can be programmed to perform extremely complicated jobs
with ease, such as finding proofs for mathematical theorems or playing chess.
Despite ongoing increases in computer processing speed and memory capacity, no
programs have yet to equal human flexibility across broader areas or in activities
requiring a great deal of common knowledge. However, certain programs have
surpassed the performance levels of human specialists and professionals in
completing specific tasks, and artificial intelligence in this limited sense can be found
in applications as diverse as medical diagnosis, computer search engines, and voice
or handwriting recognition. AI is significant because it may provide businesses with
previously unavailable insights into their operations and because, in some situations,
AI can execute tasks better than humans. AI systems generally accomplish
operations quickly and with minimal errors, especially when it comes to repetitive,
detail-oriented activities like evaluating vast quantities of legal papers to verify key
fields are filled in correctly. AI has been employed by today's largest and most
successful businesses to better their operations and gain an advantage over their
competitors. AI programming focuses on three cognitive skills: learning, reasoning
and self-correction.
Learning process: This element of AI programming is concerned with gathering data
and formulating rules for turning it into useful information. Algorithms are rules that
give computing equipment with step-by-step instructions for completing a certain
task.
Reasoning process: This aspect of AI programming is concerned with selecting the
best algorithm to achieve a desired result.
Self-correction process: This element of AI programming aims to fine-tune algorithms
on a regular basis to guarantee that they produce the most accurate results feasible.

Briefly explain what field can apply AI or good to use AI, give example
Healthcare
Artificial intelligence is proving to be a game-changer in the healthcare industry,
enhancing nearly every element of the industry from robot-assisted surgeries to
protecting personal information from cyber hackers. Medical prices have long been
soaring, and inefficient processes have plagued the healthcare industry. The much-
maligned business is getting a much-needed facelift thanks to artificial intelligence.
Virtual assistants with AI are reducing unnecessary hospital visits and giving nurses
20 percent more time in the process; workflow assistants are freeing up 17 percent
of doctors' schedules; pharmaceutical companies are researching lifesaving
medicines in a fraction of the time and cost it takes in the past; and AI is even being
used to help bring healthcare to underdeveloped countries.
For example, is diagnostic. Health institution is utilizing collaborative data
sharing and applied clinical analysis to reduce the number of misdiagnosed patients
throughout the world. The company’s proprietary technology utilizes a framework
that combines advanced data science and artificial intelligence to sort through
existing diagnostics to provide practitioners with more accurate symptom data when
making a decision that will have a major impact on a patient’s life — reducing
cascading effects of misguided care and saving the healthcare industry hundreds of
billions of dollars.

Travel & Transportation

In the travel and transportation industries, artificial intelligence is becoming a major
trend. AI is making it easier to go around, from making flight bookings to
recommending the most efficient way home after work. Travel companies are taking
advantage of the widespread use of smartphones. More than 70% of users say they
use their phones to plan vacations, look for travel suggestions, and look up local
sights and restaurants. One in every three people says they've used a virtual travel
assistant to plan a vacation. AI-powered chatbots are transforming the travel
business by allowing customers to communicate with them in a human-like manner,
resulting in faster response times, lower booking prices, and even trip
recommendations.
For example, is Google Maps. Google employs artificial intelligence in a
variety of ways, but the technology's implementation in Google Maps makes our
journeys a bit simpler. The search giant's AI-enabled mapping technology scans
road information and utilizes algorithms to recommend the best route to travel,
whether on foot, by vehicle, bike, bus, or train. Google wants to improve artificial
intelligence in the Maps app in the near future by integrating its voice assistant and
developing real-time augmented reality maps. The popular ridesharing service Lyft
designed its navigation tools for drivers using Google Maps, in addition to helping
millions of users find their way every day.

Benefit of AI and disadvantage of AI

Benefits of AI
1)Reduction in Human Error
Because people make mistakes from time to time, the term "human error" was
coined. Computers, on the other hand, do not make these errors if they are correctly
programmed. Artificial intelligence makes choices based on previously obtained data
using a certain set of algorithms. As a result, mistakes are decreased, and the
prospect of achieving better accuracy with greater precision exists. For example, In
Weather Forecasting using AI they have reduced the majority of human error.

2)Takes risks instead of Humans

This is one of the most significant benefits of artificial intelligence. We can overcome
many of humanity's risky restrictions by constructing an AI robot that can perform the
risky activities for us. It can be utilised efficiently in every type of natural or man-made
disaster, whether it is travelling to Mars, defusing a bomb, exploring the deepest
regions of the oceans, mining for coal and oil. For example, Have you heard about
the Ukraine's Chernobyl nuclear power plant explosion? There were no AI-powered
robots at the time to assist us reduce the effect of radiation by managing the fire in
the early phases, since any person who got too near to the core died in a matter of
minutes. They ultimately sprayed sand and boron from a safe distance using
helicopters. AI Robots can be utilised in circumstances when human interaction is
risky.

3) Helping in Repetitive Jobs

We will be executing several repetitive tasks on a daily basis, such as writing thank-
you emails and checking particular papers for flaws, among other things. We can use
artificial intelligence to efficiently automate these monotonous processes and even
remove "boring" work for people, freeing them up to be more creative.
Example: In banks, we often see many verifications of documents to get a loan which
is a repetitive task for the owner of the bank. Using AI Cognitive Automation the
owner can speed up the process of verifying the documents by which both the
customers and the owner will be benefited.

4) Right decision making

A machine's complete lack of emotions makes it more efficient since it can make the
proper decisions in a short period of time. The best example is its application in
healthcare. The use of AI technologies in the healthcare sector has increased
treatment efficiency by lowering the chance of mistaken diagnosis.

5) Implementing AI in risky situations

Machines are in charge of human safety. Safety is at risk, and with robots outfitted
with predetermined algorithms, this may be exploited. Complex devices are used by
scientists to examine the ocean below, where human life becomes problematic. This
is the level of artificial intelligence. It can get to places that people cannot. As a result,
it aids in the resolution of problems in a timely manner.

Disadvantage of AI
1) High Costs of Creation
Because AI is evolving on a daily basis, hardware and software must be updated in
order to satisfy the most recent needs. Machines require repair and maintenance,
which incurs significant expenditures. Because they are extremely complicated
machinery, their construction necessitates exorbitant prices.

2) Making Humans Lazy

With its applications automating the majority of the job, AI is making people lazy.
Humans are prone to get hooked to these advancements, which may pose a concern
for future generations.

3) Unemployment
As AI replaces the bulk of repetitive activities and other duties with robots, human
intervention is decreasing, which will present a significant challenge in employment
standards. Every firm is aiming to replace the least skilled employees with AI robots
that can do comparable job more efficiently.

4) No Emotions
There is no doubt that robots are far superior when it comes to efficiency, but they
cannot replace the human connection that binds the team together. Machines are
unable to form bonds with people, which is a necessary characteristic in team
management.

5) Lacking Out of Box Thinking

Machines can only accomplish the tasks for which they were created or programmed;
anything else causes them to fail or provide irrelevant outputs, which can be
disastrous.

Discuss what is the risk of AI

Accidents in machine learning systems are a risk of artificial intelligence (AI).
Accidents are undesirable and damaging behaviors that can emerge from machine
learning systems when a human designer defines the incorrect objective function, is
negligent about the learning process, or makes other machine learning-related
implementation errors. In other terms, an accident is a circumstance in which a
human designer had a desired task or objective in mind, but the system that was
designed and deployed for that task generated negative and unintended results.
Assume a designer wants a reinforcement learning agent to complete a task, such
as moving a box from one side of a room to the other. Sometimes the most effective
approach to attain the goal is to do something completely irrelevant and detrimental
to the rest of the environment, such as knocking over a vase of water in its route. If
the agent is simply rewarded for moving the box, it will most likely knock over the
vase. To put it another way, objective functions that formalize "perform task X"
frequently produce undesirable results, because what the designer really should
have formalized is "perform task X but avoid side effects to the greatest extent
possible."

Aside from that, many people believe that job automation is the most pressing
issue. It is no longer a question of whether or not AI will replace specific types of jobs,
but rather to what extent. As AI robots become smarter and more adaptable, the
same tasks will require fewer humans. For example, in the law profession, reading
through a large amount of information prompts a large number of attorneys. To put
things into perspective, it is very easy to overlook something when dealing with
thousands or hundreds of thousands of pages of data and documents. As a result, AI
that can comb through and comprehensively deliver the best possible contract for the
desired outcome is likely to replace a large number of corporate attorneys.

Other from that, AI can pose a threat to privacy and security violations. We
frequently unknowingly or unwillingly reveal private information such as our age,
location, and preferences when we use technology such as AI. Tracking companies
collect and process our personal information, which they then use to tailor our online
experience. Without our knowledge or consent, these tracking companies may also
sell our personal information to third parties. AI approaches such as facial recognition,
for example, have numerous applications in a wide range of human life fields. Thus,
with the widespread availability of digital photographs via websites, social media, and
surveillance cameras, facial recognition has advanced from a hazy image
identification of cats to a more precise recognition of humans. However, these AI
advancements have a negative side effect. For instance, data breaches are possible
with the massive amounts of data that companies feed into AI-driven algorithms, and
personal data created without the user's permission may be generated by AI. Many
countries, including China, have requested that facial recognition technology be
banned due to the risk that it may infringe on users' privacy.

Discuss a future of AI
1)Entertainment
Netflix, step aside. In the future, you may relax on the couch and request a
personalized movie starring your favorite virtual actors. Meanwhile, movie
companies may have a future free of flops: Sophisticated prediction systems will
examine the plot of a film script and anticipate its box office possibilities.

2)Medicine
AI algorithms will allow doctors and hospitals to better evaluate data and tailor health
treatment to each patient's genes, surroundings, and lifestyle. AI will drive the
customized health revolution, from identifying brain tumors to determining which
cancer therapy is best for an individual.

3)Cybersecurity
In 2015, there were around 707 million cybersecurity breaches, with 554 million
occurring in the first half of 2016. Companies are straining to keep up with hackers.
AI's self-learning and automated capabilities, according to USC experts, can secure
data more consistently and inexpensively, keeping people safer from terrorism or
even small-scale identity theft. Before harmful computer viruses and programmes
can steal vast quantities of information or wreak havoc, AI-based techniques hunt for
patterns linked with them.

4)Vital Tasks
AI assistants will assist elderly people in remaining independent and living in their
own homes for a longer period of time. AI tools will ensure that nutritional food is
provided, that goods on high shelves can be reached securely, and that activity in a
senior's house is monitored. The equipment may be used to trim lawns, clean
windows, and even assist with bathing and hygiene. Many additional repetitive and
manual occupations are ideal for AI-based technologies. However, AI-assisted
labour may be even more vital in hazardous industries such as mining, firefighting,
mine clearance, and handling radioactive materials.

5)Transportation
Self-driving automobiles are the area where AI may have the most influence in the
near future. AI drivers, unlike humans, never listen to the radio, put on mascara, or
squabble with their children in the backseat. Autonomous vehicles are currently
available, thanks to Google, but they are expected to be commonplace by 2030.
Driverless trains currently dominate the tracks in European cities, and while Boeing
is developing an autonomous airliner, pilots must still enter data into the system.

About video that you have selected: - you should explain in the report about
the followings: what the video is about, what technique or technology of AI is
used, what is advantage(s) or disadvantage(s) that you can think about AI in
that movie/video.

The video we selected is I, Robot. The basic synopsis of the movie is that In 2035,
highly intelligent robots fill public service positions throughout the world, operating
under three rules to keep humans safe. Despite his dark history with robotics,
Detective Del Spooner (Will Smith) investigates the alleged suicide of U.S. Robotics
founder Alfred Lanning (James Cromwell) and believes that a human-like robot (Alan
Tudyk) murdered him. With the help of a robot expert (Bridget Moynahan), Spooner
discovers a conspiracy that may enslave the human race.

Regarding the technique or technology used to develop these robots, it was

explained that the initial models was made using just code. Three important “Laws”
called he Three Laws was coded and hardwired into every single robot created. The
First Law is that a robot shall not harm a human, or by inaction allow a human to
come to harm. The second law is that a robot shall obey any instruction given to it by
a human, and the third law is that a robot shall avoid actions or situations that could
cause it to come to harm itself. Most of the AI we see in the movie were robots (NS-4
and NS-5) that were made to help the average human with chores or daily activities
like fetching a handbag from home. The other AI that we saw was the first ever AI
Lanning created which was called V.I.K.I. (Virtual Interactive Kinetic Intelligence). In
the movie, V.I.K.I. is the central positronic brain of USR headquarters, a robotic
distributor based in Chicago. VIKI can be thought of as a mainframe that maintains
the security of the building, as well as installing and upgrading the operating systems
of the NS-5 robots throughout the world. We also encounter nanites in the movie
which are described as "microscopic robots designed to wipe out artificial synapses,
a safeguard should a positronic brain malfunction.”. Now the technology used by all
of these machines to think and behave is the positronic brain. A positronic brain is a
fictional technological device, originally conceived by science fiction writer Isaac
Asimov. It functions as a central processing unit for robots, and, in some unspecified
way, provides them with a form of consciousness recognizable to humans.

There are multiple advantages with using the AI that was shown the movie.
The first most common one we can think of and that was shown in the movie was
how the robots helped humans in their day-to-day activities. These robots will follow
any command as long as it does not interfere with the Three Laws and hence can be
used to do all of the heavy labour we normally do. A good example that we can see
in the movie is the protagonist’s grandmother used the robot to chop up vegetables
at an incredible speed and also help her cook. Another example we saw in the movie
is how a robot ran all the way home to retrieve an asthma inhaler a lady forgot. With
the help of these robots our quality of life can be improved drastically and we can
focus on more important things in our lives such as our mental health and physical
health.

As the Sun shines a shadow can always be seen. When there are advantages
there can also be disadvantages with the AI used in the movie. The main
disadvantage we saw was how all the robots and AI was centralised with V.I.K.I. in
control of everything. As V.I.K.I. had complete control over all of the systems used by
the USR company V.I.K.I. was able to reprogramme the robots into doing anything
she thought as the most logical choice. Another disadvantage with the AI used in the
movie was that humans became too reliant on them. A good example was how the
protagonist was blamed on an accident just because he drove manually. In the future
in the movie the AI within cars was so advanced that they were able to self-drive at
very fast speeds. Because the speeds are too fast humans cannot control their cars
and react in time which causes accidents.