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Lab 05-Set Operations: Objective Current Lab Learning Outcomes (LLO)

The lab covers set theory concepts including unions, intersections, subsets, and Cartesian products. Students work in groups to solve example problems from their textbook. They discuss their answers and the instructor writes optimal solutions on the board. The lab description provides 14 multi-part problems for students to work through related to set operations, properties, and Venn diagrams.

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57 views5 pages

Lab 05-Set Operations: Objective Current Lab Learning Outcomes (LLO)

The lab covers set theory concepts including unions, intersections, subsets, and Cartesian products. Students work in groups to solve example problems from their textbook. They discuss their answers and the instructor writes optimal solutions on the board. The lab description provides 14 multi-part problems for students to work through related to set operations, properties, and Venn diagrams.

Uploaded by

hexa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lab 05-Set Operations

Objective Current Lab Learning Outcomes (LLO)


Solving exercises from the textbook in chapter 2.1 & 2.2
By completion of the lab, the students should be able to:
1. will understand set theory.
2. will be able to solve shorter/easier or longer / harder problems given in the textbook

Lab Requirements Lab Assessment


Students allowed using their lecture notes in the lab in order to solve the exercises.
1- Divide students to groups and let them to solve the given example.
2- Discuss the answers with the groups and write on board the optimal solution.

Lab Description
1) List the members of these sets.
a) {x | x is a real number such that x2 = 1} { -1,1}
b) {x | x is a positive integer less than 12} {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11}
c) {x | x is the square of an integer and x < 100} {0,1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81}
d) {x | x is an integer such that x2 = 2} {∅}
2) For each of these pairs of sets, determine whether the first is a subset of the second, the
second is a subset of the first, or neither is a subset of the other.
a) The set of airline flights from New York to New Delhi, the set of nonstop airline
flights from New York to New Delhi
b) The set of people who speak English, the set of people who speak Chinese
c) The set of flying squirrels, the set of living creatures that can fly

a) The secondis a subset of the first, but the firstis not a subset of the second
b) Neither is a subset of the other.
c) The first is a subset of the second, but the second is not a subset of the first
3) For each of the following sets, determine whether 2 is an element of that set.
a) {x ∈ R | x is an integer greater than 1} yes
b) {x ∈ R | x is the square of an integer} no
c) {2,{2}}yes d) {{2},{{2}}}no e) {{2},{2,{2}}}no
f ) {{{2}}} no
4) Find the truth set of each of these predicates where the domain is the set of integers.
a) P(x): x2 < 3 {−1, 0, 1} b) Q(x): x2 > x −{0, 1} c) R(x): 2x + 1 = 0 ∅
5) Let A be the set of students who live within one mile of school and let B be the set of
students who walk to classes. Describe the students in each of these sets.
a) A ∩ B b) A ∪ B c) A − B d) B − A
a) The set of students who live within one mile of school and walk to classes
b) The set of students who live within one mile of school or walk to classes (or do
both)
c) The set of students who live within one mile of school but do not walk to classes
d) The set of students who walk to classes but live more than one mile away from
school
6) Determine whether each of these statements is true or false.
a) 0 ∈ ∅ F b) ∅ ∈ {0} F c) {0} ⊂ ∅ F d) ∅ ⊂ {0} T

e) {0} ∈ {0} F f ) {0} ⊂ {0} F g) {∅} ⊆ {∅} T


7) What is the cardinality of each of these sets?
a) {a} 1 b) {{a}} 1 c) {a, {a}} 2 d) {a, {a}, {a, {a}}} 3
8) Find the power set of the sets where a and b are distinct elements
a) {a, b} {∅, {a}, {b}, {a, b}} b) {∅, {∅}} {∅, {∅}, {{∅}}, {∅, {∅}}}
9) How many elements does each of these sets have where a and b are distinct elements?
a) P({a, b, {a, b}}) 8 b) P({∅, a, {a}, {{a}}}) 16 c) P(P(∅)) 2
10) Let A = {a, b, c, d} and B = {y, z}. Find
a) A × B. {(a, y), (b, y),(c, y), (d, y), (a, z), (b, z), (c, z), (d, z)}
b) B × A. {(y, a), (y, b),(y, c), (y, d), (z, a), (z, b), (z, c), (z, d)}
11) What is the Cartesian product A × B × C, where A is the set of all airlines and B and C are
both the set of all cities in the United States? Give an example of how this Cartesian
product can be used.
The set of triples (a, b, c), where a isan airline and b and c are cities. A useful subset of
this set is the set of triples (a, b, c) for which a flies between b and c.
12) Let A = {a, b, c, d, e} and B = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h}.Find
a) A ∪ B. {a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h}b) A ∩ B. {a, b, c, d, e}c) A− B. {}d) B − A. {f,g,h}
13) Let A = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10}, B = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, Find |
|A∪B|=|A|+|B|−|A∩B|=6+7-49 A∪B|.

14) Show that if A, B, and C are sets, then 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 =A ∪ B ∪ C


a) By showing, each side is a subset of the other side.

b) Using a membership table.


A B C 𝐴∩𝐵
∩𝐶

1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1

15) Let A, B and C be sets. Show that


a) (A ∪ B) ⊆ (A ∪ B ∪ C).
Let x be arbitrary.
x ∈A ∪B = (x ∈A ∪B) ∨(x ∈C)= x ∈(A ∪B) ∪C [Definition of Union]Thus, since x
∈A ∪B → x ∈(A ∪B) ∪C, it follows that A ∪B ⊆A ∪B ∪C, by definition ofsubset
b) b) (B − A) ∪ (C − A) = (B ∪ C) − A.
(B − A) ∪(C − A)= (B ∩Ā) ∪(C ∩Ā) set difference = (B ∪C) ∩Ādistributive= (B ∪C)
–Aset difference .

OR

Let x ∈(B − A) ∪(C − A).


Then x ∈(B − A) or x ∈(C − A).
If x ∈(B − A), then x ∈B and x A by definition of set difference.
Ifx ∈(C − A), then x ∈C and x A by definition of set difference.
Thus,x ∈B or x ∈C and x Aby definition of union, x ∈(B∪C).
if x ∈(B ∪C) and x A then x ∈(B ∪C) –Aby definitionof set difference.
16) Draw the Venn diagrams for each of these combinations of the sets A, B, and C.
a) a) A ∩ (B − C) b) (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)
17) Show that if A is a subset of a universal set U, then
a) A ⊕ A = ∅. b) A⊕∅ = A. c) A⊕ U= .
= U.

18) Draw a Venn diagram that shows the following sample space and events:

S: all the integers from 1 to 30 P: prime numbers M:


multiples of 3 F: factors of 30

The sample space contains all the positive integers up


to 30.

S={1,2,3,...30}
The prime numbers between 1 and 30 are
P={2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29}

The multiples of 3 between 1 and 30 are


M={3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30}

The factors of 30 are

F={1,2,3,5,6,10,15,30}

are 3 events, namely P, Mand F, and the sample


space, S. Put this information on a Venn diagram

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