Basic Control Engineering

STCW Table A-III/1 and A-III/2

Function: Electrical, Electronic and Control Engineering

PROGRAM OUTCOMES

Course Code : Auto 1

Course Descriptive Title Basic Control Engineering pre-requisite : Electro 2
:
Mech
: :

Topics Intended Learning Outcomes

1. Course Introduction Course Introduction
1.1. Introduces the coverage course auto 1 Basic Control Engineering

2.Electronic Control Equipment 2.1. Defines the following electronic control equipment and states briefly their control mechanism
2.2. Relay circuit unit
2.3. Digital sequential control devices
2.4. Integrated Automation Control and Monitoring System (IACMS)
2.5. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
2.6. Analogue/digital/computer PID Controller
2.7. Computer programmable controller
2.8. States how control equipment cited above are utilized for main engine, CPP, generator, boiler
and auxiliaries in terms of the following:
- main engine; start/stop,
- revolution, injection timing,
- electronic governor and the others (auto-load, crash astern, automatic shut down, automatic slow
down, etc)
- Controllable Pitch Propeller (CPP); autoload/blade angle control
2.9. Generator; automatic control (GAC) (auto-synchro, load sharing, etc) primary mover start/stop
sequence
2.10.Boiler; Automatic Combustion Control (ACC), burner control,
2.11.Feed Water Control (FWC),
2.12.Steam Temperature Control (STC),
2.13.Auxiliary machinery; purifier automatic control (automatic sludge discharge),
 2.14.Temperature/level/pressure/viscosity control

3.Instrumentation symbols, 3.1. Explain the information which could be included in instrument identification system
diagram and flowchart for 3.2. Explain the components of Piping and Instrument Drawing (P&ID)
automatic and Control Systems 3.3. Interpret the representative symbols for measured variables, processes, and instruments
3.4. Interpret the instrument system (block) diagrams, process, and instrumentation diagrams
3.5. Explain the four standard instrument signals: electric, pneumatic, hydraulic, telemetered
3.6. Explain the standard signal range for current, voltage, and pneumatic
3.7. Explains symbol marks used in flow charts such as terminal, processing, determination,
input/output, etc.
3.8. States what is understood with flow charts
3.9. Explains flow charts indicating automatic control system for main engine, generator control
system and others taking some of them as examples
3.10. Describes briefly the major components in relation to the function found in the flow charts

4.Fundamentals of automatic 4.1. Differentiate instrumentation and automation

Control 4.2. Explain the three variables involved in process control
- manipulated variables
- disturbances
- controlled variables
4.3. Explain the difference between open and closed loop
4.4. Explain the process and process control
4.5. Explain the difference between automatic control and manual control
4.6. Explain the essential requirements for automatic operation of machinery
4.7. Differentiate the pneumatic, hydraulic and electro-technical control systems
4.8. Differentiate the analog and digital devices
4.9. Defines an automatic control and states its purpose
4.10.Describes what devices/equipment construct control systems and their role/functions
4.11.Relates sensing unit, controller, controlled variable, manipulating variable and controlled
object to each of them in the control system
4.12.Describes what sort of devices are included in the sensing unit
4.13.Describes variety of controllers such as electronic (PID, PLC, computer) controller and
pneumatic controller
4.14.Defines setting value, input value, deviation and output value/controlled variable in the
controller
4.15.Describes what sort of devices are included as manipulators
4.16.Describes variety of controlled object
4.17.Describes how automatic controls are utilized in the ship's propulsion machinery, taking
 examples of temperature and level control systems, including control parameters such as
time lag, time constant, dead time, first/second-order lag element, disturbance and offset

5.Various automatic controls 5.1. Classifies systematically automatic controls in terms of control methodologies
5.2. States what an optimal control means
5.3. Explains briefly feedback control and feedforward control
5.4. Describes briefly ON-OFF control, sequential control, PID control and program control
5.5. Explains how these automatic controls are applied to the control systems
5.6. Explains briefly program control and how the control is realized
5.7. Describes the applications of program control in the ship's propulsion machinery

6.ON-OFF control 6.1. Explains what ON-OFF control means

6.2. Explains the characteristics of ON-OFF control
6.3. Explains how ON-OFF control is utilized
6.4. Lists components comprising ON-OFF control system
6.5. Describes ON-OFF control taking some applications as examples

7.Sequential control 7.1. Explains what a sequential control means

7.2. Explains the characteristics of a sequential control
7.3. Explains how a sequential control is utilized
7.4. Lists components comprising a sequential control system
7.5. Describes sequential controls taking some applications as examples
7.6. Uses various automatic controls to acquire the fundamental skills of using it with certain
circumstances provided

Topics Intended Learning Outcomes

8. Proportional 8.1. Explains the principles/theory of PID control
Integral Derivative (PID) control 8.2. Explains how P, I and D actions can be electrically/pneumatically available showing simple
electronic circuits and pneumatic diagrams
8.3. States that PID control is classical control methodology but even now, it is still firm basis for
controlling any physical/process value
8.4. States that PLC and computer controller produces the same actions as analog
8.5. PID controller when controlling physical/process value
8.6. Explains P, I, D, PI, PD and PID actions respectively using step or ramp input
8.7. Explains the characteristics of P action as well as proportional band (PB)
8.8. Explains the characteristics of I and D actions
8.9. Explains how P, I and D actions contribute to control systems, stating that P value contributes
 to strength of control, I value contributes to accuracy of control and D value contributes to
speed of control
8.10. Describes the step response test to PID action and what can be understood by its results
8.11.Explains how P, I, and D parameters for optimal control can be determined
8.12.Describes the components comprising PID control systems including sensing unit,
transducer, manipulator and controller

9.Measurement of Process Value 9.1. Discuss temperature, scales, units and conversion
9.1 Temperature 9.2. Differentiate local and control room (remote) measurement
9.3. Discuss different types of temperature sensors
9.4. States that it is common practice to call the measuring instrument for temperatures above
500℃a pyrometer below 500℃a thermometer
9.5. States the temperature range for which mercury is used
9.6. Names the fluids which can be used for the measurement of lower temperatures
9.7. Describes the principal features of thermometers based on the filled system,
including:
- mercury in steel
- vapor-pressure
- gas -filled
9.8. Describes the principal features of a bimetallic thermometer(Electrical)
9.9. States that the range and accuracy varies according to the material used in the detecting
element
9.10.Sketches and describes a resistance-type measuring instrument based on the Wheatstone
bridge
9.11.Describes the characteristics of a thermistor and the conditions for which it is suitable
9.12.Sketches a circuit used in a thermocouple and describes its operation
9.13.Describes the principles of an optical pyrometer

9.2 Pressure 9.2.1. Define pressure and express in mathematical formula

9.2.2. Discuss pressure units and conversion
9.2.3. Describe pressure measurement devices
- Bouron tube
- Piston
- Capsules and bellow
- Diaphragms
9.2.4. Describe different types of pressure transmitters
- Inductive detectors
- Variable differential transformer sensors
 - Capacitive detectors
- Resistance (strain gauge) detector
9.2.5. Describes the principle features of, and compares, the following:
- Manometers
- simple water
- wide-cistern or well
inclined-tube
- mercury
- pressure gauges
- Bourdon
- diaphragm-sealed gauge
- twin-bellows
- differential-pressure cell
- strain gauge
9.2.6. Describes how pressure gauges can be tested on board ship
9.2.7. Tests a pressure pump
9.2.8. Sketches calibration curves for a Bourdon pressure gauge, showing the effect of:
- zero adjustment
- multiplication adjustment
- angularity adjustment
9.2.9. States that calibration and testing are normally performed by specialists
9.2.10. Describes the principle of a float-operated level-measuring device
9.2.11. Describes the principle of a probe element
9.2.12. Describes a displacement gauge(Inferential Methods)
9.2.13. Explains the principle of inferential methods

9.3 Level 9.3.1. Define what is level

(Direct Methods 9.3.2. Explain the importance of level control
9.3.3. States the common types of devices used to measure liquid level
9.3.4. Describe how differential-pressure level meters operate
9.3.5. Describes the principle of a float-operated level-measuring device
9.3.6. Describes the principle of a probe element Describes a displacement gauge (Inferential
Methods)
9.3.7. Explains the principle of inferential methods
9.3.8. Describes a level sensor based on immersed resistors
9.3.9. Describes a level indicator based on a bubbler system
9.3.10. Describes a pneumercator gauge
9.4 Flow 9.4.1. Explains the difference between volumetric and mass flow rate
9.4.2. Explains that a quantity metre is basically a rate-of-flow metre combined with an integrator
9.4.3. Describes the function of the two elements of a flow metre
9.4.4. Sketches a graph to show the relationship between velocity of a fluid and its pressure
difference
9.4.5. From the above objective, shows the velocity is proportional to the square root of pressure
9.4.6. Explains the situations in which extractions of square roots are necessary
9.4.7. Describes the principal features of:

- a rotormeter
- an electrical flowmeter
- a rotameter
9.4.8. Sketches an orifice and a Venturi, showing the direction of flow and the pressure-measuring
points
9.4.9. Explains how a manometer can be used as a square-root extractor when measuring the
pressure difference in an orifice or Venturi
9.4.10. States that extraction of a square root can also be accomplished pneumatically and
electrically

10 General Measurement of 10.1. Explains the principles of a tachometer

Processes 10.2. Explains the principles of A.C. and D.C. electric tachometers
10.3. Explains the principles of a torque metre based on the effect of stress in a magnetic field
10.4. Explains how the above objective can be developed to measure power
10.5. Explains the principal features of a viscometer
10.6. Describes the application of a photoelectric cell to:
- an oil-in-water
- a smoke-density detector
- an oil-mist detector
- a flame detector
10.7. Describes the common types of fire detector
10.8. Describes the principal features of:
- an explosive-gas detector
- a vibration monitor
- an oxygen analyser
- a CO2 analyser
- a relative humidity metre
- salinity measurement
 - dissolved-oxygen metre
- a pH metre
10.9. Describes or performs routine setting up, testing and maintenance of the measuring devices
included in the above objectives

11.Transmission of Signals 11.1.Describes the function of a transducer

11.2.Describes the flapper and nozzle arrangement
Transmitters 11.3.Explains what is meant by negative feedback and by positive feedback
and Controlling Elements 11.4.Sketches a flapper and nozzle arrangement with negative feedback
(Pneumatic) 11.5.Explains the function of a force-balance transducer
11.6.Describes the principle features of an electro pneumatic transducer (Electrical)
11.7.Uses a Wheatstone bridge used as a transducer
11.8.Describes the principles of a variable-inductance
11.9.Describes the principles of a variable-capacitance transducer
11.10. Describes the principles of an electronic force-balance system
11.11. Describes the principles of a voltage-current transducer
(Receivers)
11.12. Describes the principal features of:
- a pneumatic receiver integrator
- a potentiometric pen recorder
11.13. Explains the function of an X-Y recorder
11.14. Describes the basic principles of ac and dc servo motors

12. Manipulator Elements- 12.1.States that the final controller might be operated pneumatically, hydraulically or electrically
Pneumatic 12.2.Sketches a diaphragm-operated control valve
12.3.Describes the characteristics of the motor element and the correcting element in the above
objective
12.4.Describes or, preferably, determines by experiment the flow characteristics and applications
of:
- mitre valves
- vee-ported valves
12.5.Explains what is meant by ''turn-down ratio"
12.6.Describes the conditions which may dictate the need for a positioner
12.7.Describes the principal features of a positioner
12.8.Explains the circumstances when piston actuators might be used
12.9.Describes the conditions where butterfly valves might be used
12.10. Describes the wax-element temperature-control valve and states its normal temperature
range
13 Electrical Servomotors 13.1.Describes a dc servomotor and explains how it varies from the common motor
13.2.Explains the problems of using a three-phase ac machine as a servomotor
13.3.Describes the applications of a two-phase ac servomotor, explaining how its characteristics
can be varied

14 Hydraulic Servomotor 14.1.Describes the principles of a swash plate pump

14.2.Explains the advantage of using high pressures
14.3.Explains the applications of a hydraulic ram servomotor
14.4.Uses controlling elements to acquire the fundamental skills of using it with certain
circumstances provided.