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1.1 Patterns and Numbers in Nature and The World

The document discusses how patterns are commonly observed in nature and can be modeled mathematically, using examples like population growth, Fibonacci sequences, and exponential functions. It provides exercises involving determining subsequent terms in patterns, calculating values in exponential and Fibonacci sequences, and summing terms. Mathematics is described as helping predict patterns in the world and exert control over natural phenomena for human advancement.

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Patricia Mallari
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69 views4 pages

1.1 Patterns and Numbers in Nature and The World

The document discusses how patterns are commonly observed in nature and can be modeled mathematically, using examples like population growth, Fibonacci sequences, and exponential functions. It provides exercises involving determining subsequent terms in patterns, calculating values in exponential and Fibonacci sequences, and summing terms. Mathematics is described as helping predict patterns in the world and exert control over natural phenomena for human advancement.

Uploaded by

Patricia Mallari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA

(University of the City of Manila)

MMW 0001 – 67 Mathematics in the Modern World

CHAPTER 1

1.1 Patterns and Numbers in Nature and the World


Example: What comes next?
Patterns. Patterns are regular, repeated, or
recurring forms or designs. Patterns are commonly What is the next figure in the pattern
observed in natural objects, such as the six-fold below?
symmetry of snowflakes, the hexagonal structure
and formation of honeycombs, the tiger’s stripes
and hyena’s spots, the number of seeds in a
sunflower, the spiral of a snail’s shell, and the
number of petals of flowers. Humans are hard ___?____
wired to recognize patterns and by studying them,
we discovered the underlying mathematical
principles behind nature’s designs.

A B

Solution:

Looking at the given figures, the lines seem


to rotate at 90-degree intervals in a
counterclockwise direction, always parallel
to one side of the square. Hence, either A
or B could be the answer. Checking the
other patterns, the length of the lines
inside the square follow a decreasing
trend. So again, either A or B could be the
answer. Finally, looking at the number of
the lines inside the box, each succeeding
figure has the number of lines increase by
1. This means that the next figure should
have five lines inside. This leads to option A
as the correct choice.
Exponential Growth Model. Population growth Example: Population Growth
and bacterial decay can be modeled by the
exponential growth or decay formula A = Pe^rt. The exponential growth model, A
=30e^0.02t describes the population of the
Philippines in thousands, t years after
1995.

a. What was the population of the


city in 1995?
b. What will be the population in
2017?

Solution:

a. Since our exponential growth


model describes the population t
years after 1995, we consider
19195 as t = 0 and then solve for A,
our population size

A = 30e^0,02t
A = 30e^(0.02)(0)

Replace t with t = 0

A = 30e^0
A = 30(1)

e^0 = 1

A = 30

Therefore, the city population in 1995 was


30,000.

b. We need to find A for the year


2017. To find t. we subtract 2017
and 1995 to get t = 22, which we
then plug in to our exponential
growth model.

A = 30e^0.02t
A = 30e^(0.02)(0)

Replace t with t = 22.

A = 30e^0.44
A = 30(1.55271)
e^0.44 = 1.55271

A = 46.5813

Therefore, the city population would be


about 46,581 in 2017
EXERCISE SET 1.1
 Determine what comes next in the given patterns.

1. A, C, E, G, I, ______
2. 15 10 14 10 13 10 ______
3. 3 6 12 24 48 96 ______
4. 27 30 33 36 39 ______
5. 41 39 37 35 33 ______

 Substitute the given values in the formula A = Pe^rt to find the missing quantity.

6. P = 680,000; r = 12% per year; t = 8 years

1.2 The Fibonacci Sequence

Sequence. A sequence is an ordered list of Example: What number comes next?


numbers, called terms, that may have repeated
values. The arrangement of these terms is set by a What number comes next in 1, 3, 5, 7,
definite rule. The terms of a sequence could be 9, ___?
generated by applying the rule to previous terms of
the sequence. Solution:

Looking at the given numbers, the


sequence is increasing, with each term
being two more than the previous term:
3 = 1 + 2; 5 = 3 + 2; 7 = 5 + 2; 9 = 7 +
2. Therefore, the next term should be
11 = 9 + 2.

Fibonacci Sequence. The Fibonacci sequence is


formed by adding the preceding two numbers,
beginning with 0 and 1. Ratios of two Fibonacci
numbers approximate the Golden Ration, which is
considered as the most aesthetically pleasing
civilization.

EXERCISE SET 1.2


 Let Fib(n) be the nth term of the Fibonacci sequence, with Fib (1) = 1, Fib (2) = 1, Fib
(3) = 2, and so on.

1. Find Fib (8)


2. Find Fib (19)
3. If Fib (22) = 17, 711 and Fib (24) = 46, 368, what is Fib (23)?
4. Evaluate the following sums:

a. Fib (1) + Fib (2) = ______


b. Fib (1) + Fib (2) + Fib (3) = _______
c. Fib (1) + Fib (2) + Fib (3) + Fib (4) = _______

1.3 Mathematics for our World

Mathematics helps predict patterns and regularities in the world. Mathematics helps predict the
behavior of nature and phenomena in the world, as well as helps humans exert control over
occurrences in the world for the advancement for our civilization.

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