Water and Waste

Water Management

DTS IDT
Dehradun

08.09.2020

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 Water and Waste Water Management
• Water is one of Earth’s most critical resources.
• Essential to every ecosystem, sustains all life, & helps maintain Environmental balance.
• Water is almost as important to the oil industry as oil itself.
• We actually handle more water than we do oil.
• Fresh water plays an integral part in drilling , testing , development of wells to production.
• E&P companies have moved to unconventional drilling and completion-. horizontal drilling,
hydraulic fracturing etc.
• Unconventional oil and gas exploration and production involves vast amount of water,

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 Water and Waste Water Management
• Even though Oil Industry usage of water in drilling and associated activities to bring the
oil on the surface is only 1 % , the volume is large when we consider it as a single
activity in drilling a well in a 70 x 50 sq.m area on land or in high seas
• Water is used in drilling and in associated work / areas – Engine / Draw works/ Gland
packing / Mud pump cooling etc. Washing on Shale Shaker / Mud tank Derrick floor ,
Pump area etc. Cuttings washing , General washing & Domestic use .

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 Water and Waste Water Management
Water collects in the Lined waste pit which nearly covers 30-40% of the Drill site area.
Waste pit water can be treated to further use in – DF , washing and cutting washing .
Water ( Fresh ) is still required for Draw works , Engines and Domestic use , Human washing

Water resources on On land Rig can be sourced from –

• Bore well at the drill site
• Water supply from outside nearby source through pipeline / tanker.
• Water supply from flowing river .
• Rain water collected in Waste pit prior to spuding
The Water in Onshore is stored on a under ground Water tank (200 – 300 cu.m )
Water is then pumped to the 2/3 water tanks next to the hopper are for supply to rig areas
The Water used for drilling is termed as Technical water / Drill Water .
Testing prior to spudding is necessary If water source is changed , re testing is necessary .
Its important to keep track of the water salinity and the hardness of the Technical Water

In Offshore operations the water supply is from the following ways –

• Technical water supply by Supply boats
• Water maker from Engine Exhaust heat
• RO equipment .
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 Water and Waste Water Management
Wastewater is water whose physical, chemical or biological properties have been changed as a
result of introduction of certain substances which render it unsafe for drinking. The waste water
can be from different activities on a rig –

 Domestic use which has substances that include body wastes (faeces and urine), hair
shampoo, hair, food scraps, fat, laundry powder, fabric conditioners, toilet paper, chemicals,
detergent, household cleaners, dirt, micro-organisms (germs) which can make people ill
and damage the environment.
 Washings at the derrick floor , Mud pump , gland packing , draw works cooling , washings
at Shale shaker
 Cleaning of floor , tanks , cuttings etc.
 Waste brine or diluted DF
 Waste water comes from operations like cementing , testing , wash over operations etc

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 Water and Waste Water Management

Management of Water & Waste Water:

The various ways in managing Water in Drilling operations as on date applied are –

 Reduce DF wastage as more DF made is more water consumed.

 Use mix of Tech. water and Treated Waste Water( from M-ETP)
 Rain Water Harvesting at Drill site Pits and Ditches.
 Designing & usage of Sea water / Brackish water Treated Effluent Water based DF
 Recycle – Refine – Reuse Waste water through M-ETP
 Use of M-ETP + RO to generate fresh water
 Use of Pit-less drilling/Use of Closed Loop Drilling
 New operational strategies:

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 Water and Waste Water Management
Reduce wastage of DF as more DF made is more water consumed:
Reducing the volume of DF made directly impact the cost of the total DF as well as
of the Well cost .
Improvement in Solids management in drilling of a well .
Avoiding dilution is another way of managing water usage.

Use mix of Tech. water and Treated Waste Water( from M-ETP):
Design DF using the treated effluent / waste water , then its possible to reduce the
use of fresh water/ technical water / potable water / ground water .
Many DF have been designed by IDT to use the treated waste water after the
running of M-ETP .
New viscositiers , Fluid loos reagents and treatments to reduce the hardness ,
foaming tendency have made it possible to use the treated Waste water .

Rain Water Harveting at Drill site Pits and Ditches.:

In Monsoon seasons , the rain can be collected in waste pits and low ditches on a
drill site .
In full capacity around 1800 – 2800 cu.m of rain water can be available for use.
Rain water from the waste pits are transferred to the Mud tanks for preparing spud
mud . This is an additional savings of water .
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 Water and Waste Water Management

Designing & usage of Sea /Brackish/ Treated Effluent Water based DF:

The dependence of Pot water / Fresh water / Technical water on rigs has been
reduced
Sea water / Brackish water Treated Effluent Water based DF are available

These DF have been developed by IDT with necessary chemical treatment for
hardness .

Recycle – Refine – Reuse Waste water through M-ETP :

M-ETP at Onshore drill sites are common these days.

The capacities vary from 30 cu.m to 40 cu.m .

Through the Mobile ETP the waste water in drill sites are treated to give usable
water. There will be salt dissolved in this treated water.

New M-ETP with RO have been started for salt free Technical water

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 Water and Waste Water Management
Water is one of Earth’s most critical resources.
Essential to every ecosystem, sustains all life, and helps maintain the environmental balance.
Water is almost as important to the oil industry as oil itself.
We actually handle more water than we do oil.
Fresh water plays an integral part in drilling , testing , development of wells to production.
E&P companies have moved to unconventional drilling and completion-. horizontal drilling,
hydraulic fracturing etc.
Unconventional oil and gas exploration and production involves vast amount of water,

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 Water and Waste Water Management
Rig site lay out and M-ETP

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 Water and Waste Water Management

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 Water and Waste Water Management
Use of M-ETP :
Effluent treatment consists of a combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes
and the operations is to remove solids, organic matter from wastewater.
The treatment may consist of any one or more of the following processes.
 Chemical Neutralization is the adjustment of pH to achieve the desired treatment objective.
 Physical methods of Effluent treatment accomplish removal of substances by use of
naturally occurring forces, such as gravity, electrical attraction, and van der Waal forces,
as well as by use of physical barriers.
 Chemical treatment of wastewater focuses primarily on the separation of colloidal
particles. This is achieved through the addition of chemicals (called coagulants and
flocculants).
 Biological Treatment uses the bacteria and other microorganisms to remove contaminants
by assimilating them.
 Tertiary treatment is the advanced treatment process, following secondary treatment of
waste water that produces high quality water. The Chemicals used in ETP are -
 Alum (Ferric Alum) & Lime
 Poly Acrylamide &Poly Aluminum Chloride &PAC -Poly Anionic Cellulose
 ETP PEC – ETP Poly Electrolytes
 Sodium Hypochlorite & Activated Carbons

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 Water and Waste Water Management
Use of M-ETP + RO to generate fresh water:
This system is in advanced stage than the M-ETP. It also uses RO method to
remove the soluble salts and there by give near Technical water .
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a membrane-technology filtration method that removes
many types of large molecules and ions from solutions by applying pressure to the
solution, when it is on one side of a selective membrane.
Solute is retained on the pressurized side of the membrane and the pure solvent is
allowed to pass to the other side.
The membranes used for reverse osmosis have a dense layer in the polymer
matrix where most separation occurs.
Advantages –
• Actively rejects ions and contaminants.
• Reduce Water that meets the most demanding specifications.
• Allow the membrane to continually clean itself
• Higher pressure from the pump to push the fluid through the membrane.
• Capable of rejecting bacteria, salts, sugars, protein, particle, dyes & other
constituents.
• Works in various molecular weights.

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 Water and Waste Water Management
Use of Pitless drilling/ Use of Closed Loop Drilling :
As the name suggests drill site does not have Waste pit system to collect water & waste water.
In Pitless drilling an arrangement of different equipment , connections and collection system
designed to take care of all the cuttings , DF / mud , Waste water , sludge from all the rig area
and process it through solid control equipment , ETP , RO to produce solid waste , Water for
reuse. Closed Loop Drilling is the same as pitless drilling .

The Pitless drilling has the following salient points –

 It’s economical waste water / waste management system & eco friendly
 Reduces the land requirement for the drill site and can reduce it by 40-50 %.
 Pitless operation is online on site operation .N o post drilling environment management.
 The pitless drilling actually saves mud and thereby reduces the Mud cost .
 It reduces mud volume usage , returns DF to tank reducing load on water requirement .

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 Water and Waste Water Management
Use of Pitless drilling/ Use of Closed Loop Drilling :
The system involves three key steps:-

Drilling fluid from the sump is pumped through hydro cyclones that separate
beneficial solids from non-beneficial solids.

Usable drilling fluid is returned to the system.

A chemical flocculation process reduces the waste stream that the hydro cyclones
creates.

Clear water is separated from the flocculated solids into a collection tank for reuse.

The flocculated dried material is compacted into a bag for disposal.

The reclaimed water from the treated fraction is used to mix additional drilling fluid.

Here drilling fluid moves full circle from the original make-up water to the separation
of drilling solids in a dried and bagged form to the eventual reuse of the drilling fluid.

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 Water and Waste Water Management

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 Water and Waste Water Management

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 Water and Waste Water Management

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 Water and Waste Water Management
New operational strategies: Increasing reuse of oilfield waste water( Effluent
water , produced well Water , Brackish water )
Effluent water, generated along with crude is transferred to Effluent treatment
plants (ETP’s) and treated there. This water is used to inject in a well bore as
Enhanced oil recovery methods. Use of effluent water as a base fluid for preparation
of drilling fluid is found feasible during laboratory studies at IDT (ONGC). All the
drilling fluids were prepared with effluent water from Lanwa and South Santhal fields
of Mehsana asset.

Three types of drilling fluids were prepared:

 Gel-polymer drilling fluid
 KCl-PHPA-Polymer DF
 Salt water based drilling fluid.

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 Water and Waste Water Management

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 Water and Waste Water Management
 Replacing freshwater with Sea water ( Offshore ) / Brackish water ( Onshore ) :
 IDT has designed 5 type of WBM using sea water for use in Mumbai Offshore wells .
 Brakish water DF for Ankleshwar , Karaikal also being tested.
Sr No Hole size DF system composition MW/ temerature
inches range
1 26” section Spud Mud sp gr 1.06 /
0.2% soda temperature 450 C
Ash+7.5% Bentonite powder+0.3% XCP+ 0.3% PAC (RG
2 17 KCl-PHPA –Polymer-Polyol based drilling fluid. SG1.26/70 deg.C
½”section Sea water+0.2% Soda Ash+
0.1% Biocide+5-7% KCl+0.3%XCP+0.3% PHPA+1.6% CMC(LVG)+5%
Polyol Gd I+6% MCC+ Barite
3 Gel-Polymer based drilling fluid- 10 CP PHBS+ 0.1% soda ash+0.25% SG1.26 / 70deg.C
XCP+1.6% CMC+ Barite
4 12 ¼ ” KCl-PHPA –Polymer-Polyol based drilling fluid- Sea water+0.3% SG1.30/ 95 deg.C
section Soda Ash+ 0.1%Bocide+5-7% KCl+0.3%XCP+0.3% PHPA+1.6% CMC(LVG)+5%
Polyol Gd I+6% MCC+ Barite(

5 8 ½ ” KCl-PHPA –Polymer-Polyol based drilling fluid- Sea water+0.3% SG1.38/110 deg.C

section Soda Ash+ 0.1%Bocide+5-7% KCl+0.3%XCP+0.3% PHPA+1.8% PAC(L)+5%
Polyol Gd I+6% MCC+ Barite
6 8 ½ ” KCl-PHPA –Polymer-Polyol based drilling fluid- Sea water+0.3% SG1.38/135 deg.C
section Soda Ash+ 0.2%Bocide+5-7% KCl+0.3%XCP+0.3% PHPA+1.8% PAC(L)+5%
Polyol Gd I+0.2% SS +6% MCC+ Barite
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 Typical Sea water report of Mumbai Offshore
Sl no Elemental/parameters Unit Results
1 pH 8.70
2 Carbonate ppm 8.51
3 Bicarbonate ppm 138.49
4 Chloride ppm 28045
5 Iodide ppm -
6 Sulphate ppm 959.08
7 Calcium ppm 484.5
8 Total Iron ppm Nil
9 Sodium ppm 12265
10 Magnesium ppm 1427
11 Aluminium ppm Nil
12 Potassium ppm 440.8
13 Zinc ppm 0.3
14 Strontium ppm 8
15 Rubidium ppm 0.25
16 Uranium ppm 0.25
17 Salinity*(as NaCl) 45993.8
18 TDS(Cal) % 5.49
19 Type of water Chloride-Calcium

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 Water and Waste Water Management

ONGC and Sustainable Water Management Strategy

ONGC is also working on a company-wide "Sustainable Water Management Strategy" aimed at
reduction in specific fresh water consumption & reporting on water footprint based on internationally
recognized standards and practices.

Action plan includes baseline assessment of water use, building reporting capability in the short term
followed by operation specific sustainable water management plans, location specific SOPs with water
recycling, and reuse targets as appropriate in the medium to long term.

ONGC recognizes importance of managing water effectively and maintaining business continuity as well as
preserving the license to operate. At all its locations, water use, and discharges are managed carefully.

The facilities are designed and operated to help reduce freshwater use, and tailor the use of fresh water to
local conditions because water constraints affect people at the local or regional level. The shared nature of
this resource calls for all stakeholders to use it responsibly and ONGC has taken several measures to
reduce its consumption of water throughout the life cycle of oil & gas exploration and production activities.

Strategy for water management encompasses multiple considerations including site-specific risks and
impacts, such as security of water supply & managing the quality of water returned to environment. ONGC
utilized recycled water wherever possible in our operations to minimize the consumption of fresh water.

Group fulfills its water requirement by sourcing it from various sources including ground water, municipal
water ,surface water. ONGC have made it mandatory to implement rain water harvesting in all future
projects To increase the effectiveness of water management program, extensive monitoring & evaluation of
water resources and periodic compliance checks as per local laws and regulations are carried out.

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 Water and Waste Water Management

9.2 9.2
4 4

5.0 5.3
4.3 4.7 3
8
3.3 3.0 9 4
4 1
0.9
0.4 0
5
3
17 18 19
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 Water and Waste Water Management

• Various initiatives such as water footprint studies, installation of Sewage

Treatment Plants (STP), ETP /M-ETP, rainwater harvesting systems, setting
up of seawater desalination plants have already been undertaken to
encourage the sustainable water management at ONGC.
• At its Cambay Asset, ONGC has adopted a special chemical treatment-
Advanced Nano Oxidation Processes (ANOP)- at Cambay Asset.

• To minimize the consumption of freshwater and tackle potential disruption due

to unavailability of the same, ONGC has conducted feasibility study for three
sea water desalination plants- Mori, Kesanapallli and Malleswaram of
Rajahmundry Asset.
• Sea water desalination plant of 10 MLD capacity scalable to 20 MLD is being
taken up at Uran plant of ONGC.
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 Water and Waste Water Management

Thanks
Questions Please
7506723337
[email protected]

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 Water and Waste Water Management

ONGC and Sustainable Water Management Strategy

ONGC is also working on a company-wide "Sustainable Water Management Strategy" aimed at
reduction in specific fresh water consumption & reporting on water footprint based on internationally
recognized standards and practices.

Action plan includes baseline assessment of water use, building reporting capability in the short term
followed by operation specific sustainable water management plans, location specific SOPs with water
recycling, and reuse targets as appropriate in the medium to long term.

ONGC recognizes importance of managing water effectively and maintaining business continuity as well as
preserving the license to operate. At all its locations, water use, and discharges are managed carefully.

The facilities are designed and operated to help reduce freshwater use, and tailor the use of fresh water to
local conditions because water constraints affect people at the local or regional level. The shared nature of
this resource calls for all stakeholders to use it responsibly and ONGC has taken several measures to
reduce its consumption of water throughout the life cycle of oil & gas exploration and production activities.

Strategy for water management encompasses multiple considerations including site-specific risks and
impacts, such as security of water supply & managing the quality of water returned to environment. ONGC
utilized recycled water wherever possible in our operations to minimize the consumption of fresh water.

Group fulfills its water requirement by sourcing it from various sources including ground water, municipal
water ,surface water. ONGC have made it mandatory to implement rain water harvesting in all future
projects To increase the effectiveness of water management program, extensive monitoring & evaluation of
water resources and periodic compliance checks as per local laws and regulations are carried out.

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