SECTION 6

INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

This section provides the information necessary to create, read, delete, and insert
networks as well as edit individual networks. It also describes how to use the
reference screens and the search function.

This section also describes the basic ladder logic used in programming the 884
PC. The logic elements used include relay contacts, coils, references, registers,
and function blocks. The controller’s logic is structured into networks, and
programmed into the 884 PC via a P190 Programmer. The controller scans each
network and solves the logic which controls the input to other logic in the program,
or controls an output (i.e., turning ON a switch, stopping a process, resetting a
meter, etc.).

The P190 Programmer is organized into two logic editing modes; the Element
Editor and the Network Editor. Both editing modes use a series of P190 display
screens and software labels. Instructions on how to use the editing modes and the
appropriate software labels are also covered in this section.

6.1 HOW TO ENTER A PROGRAM

A P190 Programmer is used to enter programs into the 884 PC. (If you need more
information on the P190, see the P190 Programmer User’s Manual.) To enter a
program, follow the instructions below:

1. Insert the 884 PC Programmer and Configurator Tape into the P190 tape drive.
(The 884 PC must be configured to meet your specifications before a program
will run as programmed. Section 5 provides the configuration and Traffic Cop
information needed to accomplish this).

NOTE

Leave the tape in the drive. The P190 rereads the tape from
time to time.

2. Press the ATTACH software label key.

This is the Attached Level. These software label keys are used to change the
884 PC’s status. (If passwords have been used, the Password Level is next,
not Attached Level. See Appendix C for Password Operation instructions.)

3. Press the PROGRAM software label key and then the PROCEED software
label key. (A thirty second delay occurs while the programming instructions
are read from the tape).

4. The ELEMENT EDITOR screen appears.

5. Press the CREATE NET software label key.

A power rail appears on the left of the P190 screen and the cursor is located in the
top left node. The following software labels are displayed:

NETWRK ED

6-1
INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

Each software label key, when pressed, brings up another set of software labels.
The software label keys needed to enter a program are illustrated in a flow chart
in Figure 6-5. To return to the original set of software labels, shown at the top of
Figure 6-5, from any level of software labels except the Power-Up level, press the
PREV MENU software label key.

6.2 NETWORKS
A network is a set of interconnected logic elements which represents all, or part,
of the user’s 884 PC program. Each network has a maximum width of 11 columns
and a maximum length of 7 rows. The eleventh column is provided exclusively for
coils. See Figure 6-1.

A network can contain any combination of relay contacts, coils (eleventh column
only), counters, timers, and arithmetic, data transfer (DX), and special function
blocks. The logic can occupy the whole network area or just a portion of it.

POWER RAIL UP TO 11 COLUMNS COILS

-0
-0
UP TO
-0
7
ROWS
4)
-0
-0
-0
UP TO 7 COILS

Figure 6-1. Network Parameters

6.3 REFERENCES
Reference numbers are used to identify relay contacts, coils, inputs, outputs,
latches and registers. There are seven types of references. Each type has a
different code digit to identify it; this digit is the first of five consecutive digits. The
reference types and their functions are listed in Table 6-1.

NOTE
These numbers refer to actual registers or discretes within
the controller which contain numerical values or ON/OFF
conditions. An X is any digit, 0 through 9; however, it may
have a specific limit (e.g., max. 6) as designated in the
configuration table.

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 INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

Table 6-1. References

OXXXX - Coil/Discrete Output

. A discrete (ON/OFF) signal that is controlled by logic.
. Can be used to drive a real output through an output module.
. Can be used internally to drive one or more contacts in user logic.
. The following coils are reserved for internal status indicators:
761 Battery OK
762 Memory Protect
763 Remote VOP Health
764 - 768 Reserved

1XXXX - Discrete Input

. Status of the input is controlled by an input module.
. Used to drive contacts in user logic.
. Can be used repeatedly in the program.

2XXXX - Sequencer or Sequencer Relay

2XXO0 - Sequencer Register

. Used for sequencer and drum control functions.
2XXSS - Sequencer Reference or Relay.
. SS refers to the step number in 2XXO0 Sequencer (If 20100 is the Sequencer then
20101 references the 01 step number).
. Used to control a contact
. Used to provide step information.

3XXXX - Input Register

. A numerical input from an external source (i.e., thumbwheel, analog signal, or high
speed counter).
. Sixteen consecutive discrete signals.
. Can be binary or binary coded decimal (BCD).

4XXXX - Holding/Output Register

. Used to store numerical information, decimal or binary, in the controller.
. Can output Binary or BCD numerical information to an output module.

5XXXX - Double Precision Register

. Used for double precision signed math.
. Used to store double precision, 8 digits plus sign numerical information in the
controller.

SXXXX - Latch
. A discrete used only in a Latch function block.
. Its state is maintained through a power cycle.

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INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

6.4 RELAY CONTACTS

The relay contact is the basic programming element. It can be referenced to either
a logic coil (OXXXX), a discrete input (1XxXx), or a sequencer (2XXSS). The contact
is opened (no power passing through) or closed (power passing through) when a
certain condition exists (for example, when a logic coil is energized or de-energized
or an input signal turns ON or OFF).

Relay contacts can be normally open, normally closed, or transitional.

6.4.1 Normal Contacts

The two most commonly used contacts are:

Normally Open (NO) Contact -( k

Normally Closed (NC) Contact w

When the coil or discrete input is ON, the normally open (NO) contact is closed and
passes power, and the normally closed (NC) contact is open and does not pass
power.

When the coil or discrete input is OFF, the NO contact is open and does not pass
power, and the NC contact is closed and passes power. See Table 6-2.

Table 6-2. Normally Open and Normally Closed Contacts

NO Contact NC Contact

Coil or Discrete passes power does not pass power

Input is ON

Coil or Discrete does not pass power passes power

Input is OFF

6.4.2 Transitional Contacts

A transitional contact passes power for one scan, when energized (OFF to ON or
ON to OFF) by the coil or discrete input to which it is referenced. It is not affected
by the ON or OFF state of the logic coil or discrete input after the transition.

Sometimes it is necessary for a function to be performed only once. In this case

a transitional contact is used because it only transmits once each time it is
energized.

Since there are two different transitions (OFF to ON and ON to OFF), there are two
transitional contacts:

Positive Transitional Contact (OFF to ON) 4 t k

Negative Transitional Contact (ON to OFF) 4 1k

6-4
 INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

6.4.3 Inserting Contacts

A relay contact is inserted into a program by positioning the cursor over the
desired location, entering a OXXXX, 1XxXx, or 2XXSS reference into the Assembly
Register (AR) and pressing the appropriate software label key.

To change the type of relay contact, position the cursor over the contact to be
changed and press the desired software label key. To change the reference
numbers below a contact, position the cursor over the contact, enter a new value
into the AR, and press the ENTER key.

6.5 VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL SHORTS

Vertical and horizontal shorts are straight line connections between contacts.

Vertical shorts are used to connect contacts and function blocks one above the
other in a network. Vertical shorts can also be used to connect inputs or outputs
in a function block to create either/or conditions. When two contacts are
connected by vertical shorts, a vertical short on each side, power is allowed to
pass through if either, or both, contacts receive power.

To enter a vertical short, position the cursor to the left and above the reference
desired for the short, and press the VER OPENlVER SHORT software label key. A
vertical short is cleared (or opened) by pressing the VER OPEN software label key
and the SHIFT key.

Horizontal shorts are used in combination with vertical shorts to expand logic
within a network without breaking the power flow. They can be used to create
either/or conditions using basic relay contacts. (See Figure 6-2.)

A vertical short is used to connect the horizontal short to the top logic line.

To enter a horizontal short, position the cursor over the reference desired for the
short and press the horizontal short software label key. To clear a horizontal short,
press the D
‘ ELETE NODE software label key.

500 - 09999
i t-
10001

100
’ 40001

SUB SUB
40001 - 40001
1

l- __----- --
3)
Figure 6-2. Shorts 0001

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INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

6.6 COILS
A coil is used to activate logic within a program, and/or to control an output circuit.
It is represented by a OXXXX reference number and either of two symbols:
A Normal, Non-retentive Coil, + )_! is turned OFF if power is
removed and later restored (power cycle).
A Latched, Retentive Coil, -( Lt-1 retains its previous state through
a power cycle.
NOTE
A normal, non-retentive, disabled coil retains its disabled
state through a power cycle.
Coils are always displayed in the far right (eleventh) column of a network, although
they are actually located and solved in the column of the network in which they
were programmed. Each network can contain a maximum of seven coils.
Each OXXXX reference can be used as a coil only once, but can be referenced to
any number of relay contacts. Some logic functions use coils in groups of 16 (eg.,
DRUM, T+R, BLKM, etc.). Partially programmed logic elements can refer to a
OXXXX coil more than once because the 884 PC’s logic solver passes over
elements displaying I‘????” references on the CRT screen.
A logic coil is inserted into a program the same as a relay contact, except that the
cursor does not have to be over column eleven. The cursor can be directly beside
the last logic element in a row. When the COIL software label key
(< I-or<+-) is pressed, dashed lines are inserted and the coil is placed
in the coil column. The only reference allowed is a OXXXX reference, unlike relay
contacts which allow OXXXX, 1XxXx, or 2XXSS references.
The following coils are reserved for special status indicators:
761 Battery OK
762 Memory Protect
763 Remote l/O Health
764-768 Reserved
6.7 DISABLE/ENABLE
Any logic coil or discrete input in a program can be disabled, and forced ON or
OFF, from the P190 keyboard. DISABLE separates the state of the coil from control
of the PC logic. On inputs, DISABLE separates the input state from the actual field
device. This is an important difference. DISABLE/ENABLE is used for debugging
and wiring l/O devices and allows you to test the changes before you actually
change your existing logic.
Disabling a coil or input causes the programmed logic to bypass that particular
coil or input. Use of the FORCE ON and FORCE OFF software label keys allow you
to control the state of that particular coil or input. Memory Protect must be OFF.
To disable a coil or input, follow the instructions below:
1. Ensure that Memory Protect is OFF on both the P190 Programmer and the 884
PC.

2. Press the CHANGE SCREEN hardware key.

3. Press the PART. REF software label key.

4. Enter the coil reference number or discrete input reference number in the
Assembly Register (AR).

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 INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

5. Press the GET COUGET REF software label key or the ERASE/GET key.

The reference number appears at the cursor position with its state, ON or OFF, and
the following software labels appear on the screen:

GET COL PREV REF ERASE COL

ENABLE DISABLE FORCEON FORCEOFF
GET REF NEXT REF ERASE REF

6. Press the DISABLE software label key.

The coil or input is now DISABLED ON or DISABLED OFF, depending on its state
when the DISABLE key was pressed.

Coils may also be DISABLED or ENABLED from the logic screen. If you have a
network displayed on the CRT, and want to DISABLE a coil, position the cursor on
the coil and press the COILS software label key. The DISABLE/ENABLE and
FORCE ON/FORCE OFF software label keys are now displayed and you may
proceed.

Press the FORCE ON or FORCE OFF software label keys to change the state of
the coil or input. Press the ENABLE software label key to enable the coil or input.
If the coil or input is enabled, it cannot be forced ON or forced OFF; it retains the
actual state, based on the logic or real input status.

WARNING

Certain logic functions can change the state of a disabled

coil. All DX function blocks override the disabled status of
a coil in the destination node. This may cause personal
injury if a coil, assumed to have been disabled, changes
state while a repair is being made.

6.8 CONTROLLER SCAN

The 884 PC scans the networks in your program to solve the logic. The scan starts
at the top left of a network and goes from top to bottom in each column working
from the left column towards the right column. See Figure 6-3.

Coils are displayed in the eleventh column on the P190 screen. This does not mean
that they are always solved in this column. If the logic controlling a particular coil
is in column 6 and dashed lines connect the logic to the coil, that coil is solved
in column 7. For example, in Figure 6-4, coil 00006 is solved before contacts 10004
and 10005 and coil 00003.

The scan starts in network 1, continues in network 2 and continues until the scan
reaches the end of the program. This means that when a column of logic is solved,
its solutions are available for use in the next column. Then the outputs are serviced
and the logic solve cycle starts over again.

6-7
INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

. ’ P. P . P . P. P . P . P . P . P.
. . . . . . . . . l

. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
.
t ’ t + t t .t .t t .t l
l

LJWdULJLJiJU~
l l l

I
3

START SCAN OF
NEXT NETWORK

Figure 6-3. SCAN

H I-N-I l-N----

r
10002 10003 10004 10005 00003

1-1 t-______---_-_+ )-

10006 10007 00006

Figure 6-4. Order of Coil Solving

6-8
INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

Figure 6-5. Element Editor Software Label Flow Diagram (cant)

-i+l- A++ DCTR T.O1 VER OPEN MEM AVAIL

+I- w UCTR T1.O TO.1 VER SHORT PREV MENU

MEM AVAIL
+I- --fLI-- ENABLE DISABLE FORCE ON FORCEOFF PREV MENU

DX MOVES

LATCH VER OPEN MEM AVAIL

T+R R-bT BLKM SEQ DRUM VER SHORT PREV MENU

P
DX MATRIX

VER OPEN MEM AVAIL

BSHL BSHR SENS MBIT VER SHORT I PREV MENU
i

I CALCS
I

DADD DSUB DMUL DDIV VER OPEN MEM AVAIL

ADD SUB MULT DIV TEST VER SHORT PREV MENU

VER OPEN MEM AVAIL

SKP ---(OKE STAT X-I5 5ix VER SHORT PREV MENU

6-10
 INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

6.9 ELEMENT EDITOR

The P1901884 PC Programmer provides two modes of editing; the Element Editor
and the Network Editor. The Element Editor is the on-line editing mode. In this
mode, all user-requested changes are sent directly to the 884 PC, as they are
entered into the P190 Programmer. The 884 PC processes this change, and solves
any modified logic on the next controller scan. The Element Editor screen is
displayed when the PROGRAM software label key is pressed.

Press the PROGRAM software label key (on the PC Operation Menu) and then
press the PROCEED software label key. A message is displayed:

PLEASE WAIT - LOADING PROGRAMMER

When the loading is complete the Element Editor screen, containing the following
software label keys, is displayed on the CRT.

MEM AVAIL
READ NET CREATE NET DEL NET NETWORKED
OPERS

If the 884 PC is running, you can enter one element at a time and see the power
flow change instantly. If the 884 PC is stopped, you can enter an entire network
or group of networks. As soon as the 884 PC is started, the new network, or group
of networks, will run at once. If the 884 PC is running, the power rail is highlighted;
if the 884 PC is stopped, the power rail is dim. See Figure 6-5 for the software label
key flowchart of the Element Editor.

6.9.1 Read Network (READ NET)

The READ NET software label key allows you to read and display a designated
network on the P19O’s screen.

Enter the number of the network to be displayed in the AR. Press the READ NET
software label key and the following software labels are displayed:

NETWORK EXP/COMP PREV NET MEM AVAIL

READ NET CREATE NET DEL NET
ED EDIT NET NEXT NET OPERS

The number of the network appears in the upper left-hand corner of the screen. The
network power flow is displayed if the 884 PC is running and if the network is not
within an active skip block. Press the EDIT NET software label key to display the
cursor on the CRT screen and to edit the displayed network.

6.9.2 Create Network (CREATE NET)

The CREATE NET software label key allows you to enter a new network into the
884 PC. Press the CREATE NET software label key to create and edit a network on
the P190 screen. The network area is blank, except for a power rail on the left. The
cursor is placed at row 1, column 1 and the following software labels are displayed
on the screen:

OPTIONS MEM AVAIL

R/T/C COILS DX MOVES DX MATRIX CALCS PREV MENU
SPECIALS

6-11
INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

These functions are explained in Sections 7, 8, 9, and 10.

When the CREATE NET software label key is pressed, the new network will start
at the end of your current group of networks. If you have seven networks in your
system, this will CREATE NET #8.

6.9.2.1 Start Next Hardware Key Function (START NEXT)

The CREATE NET software label key is not the same as the START NEXT hardware
key. If you press the START NEXT hardware key, the new network will start,
immediately following the network currently displayed on the screen. If you have
10 networks in your system and #5 is displayed on the screen, the START NEXT
hardware key will create #6, and will renumber the remaining networks
accordingly. The following describes the differences between the CREATE NET
software label key and the START NEXT hardware key.

1. If no power rail is on the screen and 00000 in the AR:

Both CREATE NET and START NEXT go to the end of the program and start
the next network in sequence.

2. If there is a network on the screen and 00000 in the AR:

CREATE NET goes to the end of the program and starts the next network in
sequence.

START NEXT creates a new network, numbered one more than the one
displayed. It then renumbers the remaining networks.

3. If there are any numbers (from 00001 to the highest network number) in the
AR, both CREATE NET and START NEXT will define a new, empty network
using the value in the AR. Any higher numbered networks are renumbered.

To access the Element Editor software labels from the START NEXT screen, press
PREV MENU software label key. The following software label keys appear:

EXP / COMP PREV NET

READ NET CREATE NET DEL NET OPERS
NETWRK ED EDIT NET NEXT NET

Press the EDIT NET software label key to get the software label keys needed to
create a network.

As the network is entered onto the P190 screen it is entered into the 884 PC.

6.9.3 Delete Network (DEL NET)

The DEL NET software label key allows you to delete a network from the 884 PC.

Enter the number of the network to be deleted in the AR. Press the READ NET
software label key; then press DEL NET to delete the network.

If there are 10 networks in the 884 PC and network #l is deleted, the remaining
networks are renumbered, starting at 1 and ending at 9.

If network #5 is deleted the remaining networks, 6-10, are renumbered 5-9.

6-12
 INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

6.9.4 Expand/Compress (EXPKOMP)

The Expand/Compress software label key allows you to expand or compress
networks, either horizontally or vertically. You can also select how many rows or
columns to add or delete.

NOTE

Use of the Expand or Compress functions may change PC

logic.

Press the EXP/COMP software label key, with the shift key, and the following
software label keys are displayed:

MEM AVAIL
EXPAND V EXPAND H COMPRES V COMPRES H
PREV MENU

6.9.4.1 Expand Vertically (EXPAND V)

When you press the EXPAND V software label key, with 00000 in the AR, one entire
rung (the rung where the cursor is positioned) of the relay ladder logic will be
moved down one as shown in Figure 6-6a and 6-6b.

NOTE

The cursor can be placed anywhere in the row to be created.

It does not have to be over an element. There must be at
least one blank row under the last row containing
programming elements or the Expand Vertical is not
allowed.

6-13
INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

I I HC ____-_--____-_-_----~~~~-~~~~ 4)

I i t-_____________________________--- -0
t 1 t- __-________--___--__~~~-~~~~-~~-~-~ 0
t I t- _--___-__________--_~~~~~~~-~~~ ___--( )

__-_______-___--__---___-_----___
41

lIEI= CURSOR AR = 00000

Figure 6-6a. Expand Vertical, 00000 in AR, Before

I I_. H ~------______--__---___--____~ )

t i b__________________-----_--____ ____--_O

t 1 I-_________________--____----- __--_-_-_o

t 1 k _-______________ _____ ___ ---- ----__()

I = CURSOR AR = 00000

Figure 6-66. Expand Vertical, 00000 in AR, After

6-14
 INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

If you key a non-zero number, such as “2” in the AR, two contacts, beginning with
the contact the cursor is over, will be moved down. Look at the examples in Figure
6-6~ and 6-6d.

.
t
P I i b
t-1

Hl-
H

__________-----_--------_--_--m-w-_
c____-------___-_________---__~

___________-___--_-_----_-------
4
0
)

t 1
____---------mmem------_------em-
4)

I = CURSOR AR = 00002

Figure 6-6~. Expand Vertical, 00002 in AR, Before

1-j H l------------------------j)

4t- ____----------------------mm
--4)

l- ____------____----__------- - --_-_( )

t I l- ____-------------- ____-----------_j )

t I l- ______-_--_----_-- ___----------__-()

_----___--____-____- __--__--__+

I I= CURSOR AR = 00002

Figure 6-6d. Expand Vertical, 00002 in AR, After

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INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

6.9.4.2 Expand Horizontally (EXPAND H)

The EXPAND H software label key works just !:ke the EXPAND V except it expands
horizontally. Look at the example in Figure 6-ia and 6-7b. If 00000 is in the AR, the
entire rung, where the cursor is positioned, is moved horizontally.

NOTE
The cursor can be placed anywhere in the column to be created. It does not have
to be over an element. There must be a blank column to the right of the cursor or
the Expand Horizontal is not allowed.

I i HC ______---_-____--____________ 4)

t 4 t-__---____-___---y___----_-______ 4:)
______----_-----------~-~-~~~~~~~~~
I i t- 0
t i b -_______-______-_--------_______ ---4 1
me_--------_----__--__-_---_-----
4)

= CURSOR AR = 00000

Figure 6-7a. Expand Horizontal, 00000 in AR, Before

-tH H t----------___--__-------m( )

-----------------------_---
-t t I t- -0

-t t t t- ----_____----__-__-_--------- 4)
+
--_--------_---e------------w
4)

t,

El = CURSOR AR = 00000

Figure 6-7b. Expand Horizontal, 00000 in AR, After

6-16
 INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

If the AR has 00002 in it, two contacts, the contact where the cursor is positioned
the one below it are moved horizontally as shown in Figure 6-7~ and 6-7d.

H Cm_- ____ -__- _________ -_-___-_-~

I-___-_____-_--_--___----_-----_-- 4

-------___
__--_----______-_-_----------------
t- 4

t- --------------_--_------_----___--- 4
4

El = CURSOR AR = 00002

Figure 6-7~. Expand Horizontal, 00002 in AR, Before

I

-IHHHb __-_-__-__-__-_-___------------ 3)

)HHk e-e_----------------_---w---w- -0
I
----tHk ______----_----_____-~~-~~-~~-~-~ -0
1 H k--_----_-_-- ________--_--__-_______-__I J

I ______-___-_-______-_-_-____--__-____ -0
.

r 1 =CURSOR AR = 00002

Figure 6-7d. Expand Horizontal, 00002 in AR, After

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INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

6.9.4.3 Compress Vertically (COMPRES V)

The COMPRES V software label key works the reverse of EXPAND V. If 00000 is
in the AR, the entire rung (where the cursor is positioned) will be deleted and the
rungs below will be moved up one as shown in Figure 6-8a and 6-8b.

NOTE
Compress Vertically is not allowed if the cursor is placed
over a programming element or if the row to be deleted
contains a programming element.

HHI- --______-----_____-_-------- 4)

Hk -_-_----___-_---___-~~~~--~-~~~ 4)
k _____-____---_----------_______---__ 41

:
-0

F”
__---mm----------_--------__---____

El = CURSOR AR = 00000

Figure 6-8a. Compress Vertical, 00000 in AR, Before

PHIHI _---___________-___---------- -0
IHHI- ----------mm----------e----w_ 3)
HHt- ___--___--_----___--__________ -0
----------------------------------~ _(I

I =CURSOR AR = 00000

Figure 6-8b. Compress Vertical, 00000 in AR, After

6-18
 INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

b
‘ If you key a non-zero number, such as 2 in the AR, two contacts, beginning at the
contact the cursor is over, will be deleted, and any contacts below will be moved
up as shown in Figure 6-8~ and 6-8d.

HHHk -----------------------~~--~~--
0
HHF ___-_--------_-__-____________---
. -0
_--_----------_-mm-------------------
0

_____-_---------------------------_-
-0

El = CURSOR AR = 00002

Figure 6-8~. Compress Vertical, 00002 in AR, Before

HH Hl- _____-_----_--_--___------- -0

E HH
H+
I- -____-___-__-__-_____-___-__-_____
----_---__--_--__-_--__-___________
-0

-0

____________-___-_--____-___--_-----_--
-0
t

I = CURSOR AR = 00002

Figure 6-8d. Compress Vertical, 00002 in AR, After

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INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

6.9.4.4 Compress Horizontally (COMPRES H)

The COMPRES H software label key works the same as the COMPRES V, except
it compresses or deletes horizontally.

The logic in Figure 6-9a shows a network, with 00000 in the AR, before pressing
the COMPRESS HORIZONTAL software label key. The revised network is shown
in Figure 6-9b.
NOTE
Compress Horizontal is not allowed if the cursor is located
over a programming element or if the column to be deleted
contains a programming element.
I_, H I_____________~~--~-~_~~~~~~-~~~ )

= CURSOR AR = 00000

Figure 6-9a. Compress Horizontally, 00000 in AR, Before

f
w I IHI- ________-__--__-__________________L 4:)

-lHk __-__-__-_-_-_____-_~-~~~-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ i)
+I- ____________________~~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~~~
4)
____-___-__-____-__-_--_-__-_____-________ 4)

I I= CURSOR AR = 00000

Figure 6-96. Compress Horizontal, 00000 in A I?, After

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 INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

If you key a non-zero number, such as 2 in the AR, two contacts, beginning with
.
the contact the cursor is positioned on will be moved horizontally as shown in
Figure 6-9c and 6-9d.

HHC _---_--___----_-----______o

HI- _-------____-_______------------ 4
l-__--_----____--____-------~~~~~~-~---~ 41
.

III = CURSOR AR = 00002

Figure 6-9c. Compress Horizontally, 00002 in AR, After

1-4 ~-_-______________---___--____-----_~ )
I

-lH b _---_-----me----me------------m----e-
i)

I+ k ______---_---______-___ _--____--__-_( )

= CURSOR AR = 00002

Figure 6-9d. Compress Horizontal, 00002 in AR, After

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INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

6.9.5 Edit Network (EDIT NET)

The EDIT NET software label key provides the ability to edit networks. After
pressing this software label, the cursor appears on the logic screen and the
Relays, Timers, and Counters screen is displayed.

Press the EDIT NET software label key to reach the programming elements
software labels. (As soon as EDIT NET is pressed the cursor appears on the CRT
screen over the first element of the displayed network.) The following software
labels are displayed:

OPTIONS MEM AVAIL

R/T/C COILS DX MOVES DX MATRIX CALCS
SPECIALS PREV MENU

These software label keys are used to enter a logic program.

6.9.6 Previous Network/Next Network (PREV NET/NEXT NET)

This software label key allows you to move from one network in order to read an
adjacent network.

Press the SHIFT key and the PREV NET software label key to display the network
before the one currently displayed. For example, if network 3 is displayed and
SHIFT key and the PREV NET software label key are pressed, network 2 takes the
place of network 3 on the screen.

Press the NEXT NET software label key (without the SHIFT key) to move to the
network after the one currently displayed.

For example, if network 5 is displayed and the NEXT NET software label key is
pressed, network 6 replaces network 5 on the screen.

6.10 NETWORK EDITOR (NETWK ED)

The Network Editor allows you to make changes to the 884 PC’s program without
immediately affecting the 864 PC. Changes are sent to the 884 PC in whole
networks when you specify REPLACE NET, INSERT NET or EXCHANGE NET.

This means that you can build an entire network in the NETWORK EDITOR, and
INSERT it anywhere in your existing program. You can also build a new network
in the NETWORK EDITOR and REPLACE a network currently in your existing
program. Troubleshooting is easier because you can make changes to an existing
network, use the EXCHANGE NET function to test them, and if the changes do not
work, use a FLIP NET and another EXCHANGE NET to get back the original
network. These functions are explained later in this section. See Figure 6-10 for the
software label key flowchart of the Network Editor.

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INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

-ltl- -I++ DCTR T.O1 VER OPEN MEM AVAIL

+I- w UCTR T1.O TO.1 VER SHORT PREV MENU

,
MEM AVAIL
-_(I- -fLI- ENABLE DISABLE FORCEON FORCEOFF PREV MENU

DX MOVES

LATCH VER OPEN MEM AVAIL

T+R R+T BLKM SEQ DRUM VER SHORT PREV MENU

1DX MATRIX

VER OPEN MEM AVAIL

BSHL BSHR SENS MBIT VER SHORT PREV MENU

I CALCS

DADD DSUB DMUL DDIV VER OPEN ; MEM AVAIL

ADD SUB MULT DIV TEST VER SHORT 1 PREV MENU

VER OPEN MEM AVAIL

SKP --(OK+ STAT X35 5+X VER SHORT PREV MENU

Figure 6-70. Network Edifor Software Label Flow Diagram (cant)

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 INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

To get to the Network Editor mode, press the PROGRAM software label key on the
PC Operations Menu. The Element Editor screen automatically appears with the
following software label keys:

NETWRK ED OPERS

Press the NETWORK ED software label key. Notice the change in the software
label keys:

MEM AVAIL
READ NET -CREATE NET DEL NET
PREV MENU

6.10.1 Read Network (READ NET)

The READ NET software label key allows you to display and read a designated
network on the P19O’s screen.

Enter the number of the network to be read in the AR. Press the READ NET
software label key to read the network from the controller and display it on the
P190 screen. The number of the network appears in the upper left-hand corner of
the screen. Press the EDIT NET software label key to display the cursor and to add
to or change the network. The following software label keys are displayed after you
press READ NET:

b
EXCH NET EXP COMP PREV NET MEM AVAI
READ NET ;ERWTE NET DEL NET REPL NET
_ INSRT NET FLIP NET EDIT NET NEXT NET PREV MEN

NOTE

The power flow within the network is highlighted until the

first change is made in the network.

6.10.2 Create Network (CREATE NET)

Press the CREATE NET software label key to create a network on the P190 screen.
The network area is blank except for a power rail on the left.

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INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

When this software label key is pressed, the following software labels are
displayed:

OPTIONS MEM AVAIL

R/T/C COILS OX MOVES DX MATRIX CALCS SPECIAL PREV MENU

These functions are explained in Sections 7, 8, and 9.

6.10.3 Delete Network (DEL NET)

Enter the number of the network to be deleted in the AR. Press the READ NET
software label key and then the DEL NET software label key to delete the network.

6.10.4 Replace Network/Insert Network (REPL NETIINSRT NET)

The Replace/Insert Network functions exist only in the Network Editor Mode. This
function allows you to replace (or change) elements within an existing network and
then by using the REPL NET function, cause the change to occur in the 884 PC’s
memory. This happens automatically, with every change, if you are in the Element
Editor.

If you find that the new A network does not work, and you want the original
network A back, press the FLIP NET software label key, then the EXCH NET
software label key. First the original Network A reappears and then, it replaces
Network A in the 884 PC’s memory.

The FLIP NET function can only be used in conjunction with the EXCH NET
function. The P190 has two memory areas. The contents of one memory area is
visible on the screen. The other memory area is used only for storage of one
network, and its contents are not visible. This part is called the Network Memory
Stack.

6.10.4.1 Replace Network (REPL NET)

To replace -I I- with ++ in Network 1 you must type 1 in the AR and
press READ NET. When Network 1 appears on the screen, press EDIT NET and the
R/T/C software label key. Make the change, (press ++ ) then press the PREV
MENU software label key twice. Type a 1, for Network 1, in the AR and press the
SHIFT key and the REPL NET software label key. The message, CHANGED PC
NETWORK: 0001 appears, confirming that the change has been made.

6.10.4.2 Insert Network (INSRT NET)

The Insert Network software label key allows you to create a new network and then
insert it into the 884 PC. The 884 PC then renumbers all existing networks, from
that number on, to make room in the program for the new network.

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 INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

To INSERT, create a new network. When it is complete, type the number of the new
network in the AR (00002, for example) and press the INSRT NET software label
key. The message, INSERTED INTO PC, NETWORK:0002 appears, confirming that
the insertion has taken place.

6.10.5 Exchange Network/Flip Network (EXCH NET/FLIP NET)

The Exchange Network function allows you to exchange the network on the screen
for a network in the controller. With a network on the screen, enter the number of
the network (in the controller) to be exchanged in the AR. Press the EXCH NET
software label key and the Shift key.

This function allows you to create a network on the screen and then EXCHANGE
it for an existing network in the 884 PC’s memory. For example, if you have a
program with ten networks in the 884 PC, and have a “bug” in network A, you can
read network A into the memory of the P190. Network A can now be edited “off
line”, without disturbing the original network that is still in the 884 PC’s memory.
Press the EXCH NET software label key to exchange the edited A network with the
original A network. A message appears on the screen, CHANGED PC NETWORK:
0005.

If you find that the new A network does not work, and you want the original
network A back, press the FLIP NET software label key, then the EXCH NET
software label key. First the original network A reappears and then it replaces
network A1 in the 884 PC’s memory.

The FLIP NET function can only be used in conjunction with the EXCH NET
function. The PI90 has two memory areas. The contents of one memory area is
visible on the screen. The other memory area is used only for storage of one
network, and its contents are not visible. This part is called the network memory
stack.

The FLIP NET command moves a network shown on the screen into the memory
stack and moves the stored network onto the screen. Figure 6-11 describes the five
commands used in the EXCH NET/FLIP NET functions.

NOTE

If you press the EXCH NET software label key TWICE in a

row without pressing FLIP NET software label key between,
your original network will be lost.

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INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

P190

1. With network A in the 884 PC, press READ STACK

NET to read it into the P190.

2. Press EDIT NET and change the network to A’. I I

You now have A in the 884 PC and A’ on the
PI90 screen.

3. Press EXCH NET. The original network A is

moved into the P190 NET. The edited A’ is
now on the P190 screen and in the 884 PC.

4. Press FLIP NET to get the original network A

onto the P190 screen. The edited network A’ is
now in the P190 NET and in the 884 PC.

5. Press EXCH NET again and you will be back

where you started. The original network A is
back in the 884 PC and network A1 is saved in
the stack.

Figure 6-11. EXCH NET/FLIP NET Commands

NOTES
The Flip Net function can only be used after an Exchange
Network function. Flip Net can be used again and again, i.e.,
as a toggle.
If another function (e.g., Read Network) is used after
Exchange Network, the buffer is cleared and Flip Net is not
allowed (NET EMPTY error message will be displayed.)

6.10.6 Expand/Compress (EXPICOMP)

The Expand/Compress software label key allows you to expand or compress
networks, either horizontally or vertically. You can also select how many rows or
columns to add or delete. These functions are explained in detail in 6.9.4 in
ELEMENT EDITOR.

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 INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

6.10.7 Edit Network (EDIT NET)

The EDIT NET software label key allows access to the relay ladder logic software
label keys. These software label keys are explained fully in 6.9.5 in ELEMENT
EDITOR.

6.10.8 Previous Network/Next Network (PREV NET/NEXT NET)

The PREVINETINEXT NET software label key allows you to move from one network
in order to read an adjacent network. These functions are explained in 6.9.6 in
ELEMENT EDITOR.

6.11 CHANGE SCREEN HARDWARE KEY (CHG SCREEN)

In the Network Editor or Element Editor modes press the CHG SCREEN hardware
key on the P190 panel, to reach the following software labels:

DRUM LOGIC FULL REF PART REF SRCH DSPLY

After you have pressed CHANGE SCREEN, and accessed whichever function
required, press the LOGIC software label key to return to the Logic screen. You will
find that the network displayed on the Logic screen is exactly as it was prior to
CHANGE SCREEN, including cursor position.

6.11 .l Drum Screen (DRUM)

This function allows the display, on the P190 screen, of the current information for
a particular drum. To obtain this information, a network must be on the screen and
the cursor must be over a fully programmed drum function block. Press the CHG
SCREEN hardware key on the P190 panel, then the DRUM software label key.
Figure 6-12 is an example of a Drum Display. The following software label keys
appear:

UPDATE GET STEP# ENTER HEX SET BIT CLEAR BIT RESTORE

In the left-hand column is the type of display, the number of the network in which
the Drum function is located, the register or group of discretes holding the
destination, the pointer register, and the drum length. The next column contains
the source register or groups of discretes. Sixteen registers or groups of discretes
can appear in this column at one time. The next column contains the step
numbers. The following four columns contain the register values in binary format
(CONTACT). The last column contains the same register values in hexadecimal
format.

To examine steps which are not currently displayed, enter a step number in the AR
and press the GET STEP software label key, or press the down cursor at the bottom
step.

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INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

If the GET STEP function is used, the step requested, plus the next fifteen steps,
if fifteen exist, are displayed.

To change a contact value move the cursor to the CONTACT using the cursor
control keys. Position the cursor over the value to be changed and press either the
ON (= 1) or OFF (=O) software label key. The value changes and the cursor
automatically moves one position to the right. The hexadecimal value
automatically changes to agree with the binary.

To change all 16 contacts simultaneously to hexadecimal values, position the

cursor over any contact in the desired step, enter the desired value into the AR and
press the ENTER HEX software label key.

P1901864 SOURCE CONTACT - 0000 0000 0111 1111 - HEX

DRUM DISPLAY REG NO 1234 5678 9012 3456
40001 STEP 01 - 0000 0000 0000 0000-0000
DRUM IN 40002 STEP 02 - 0000 0000 oooo oooo-oooo
NETWORK 40003 STEP 03 - 0000 0000 0000 OOOO-OOOO
001 40004 STEP 04 - 0000 0000 0000 OOOO-OOOO
40005 STEP 05 . 0000 0000 0000 OOOO-OOOO

CONTACT
DESTINATION
40010

POINTER
21100

SIZE
05

AR = 00000

UPDATE SETBIT CLEAR

BIT RESTORE

Figure 6-12. Sample Drum Display

6.11.3 Logic Area of the Network Screen (LOGIC)

Press the LOGIC software label key to exit the Change Screen functions and return
to the logic area. i.e., either the Network or Element editor screen displayed prior
to Change Screen. You will notice that the screen, including the cursor position,
remains exactly as it was prior to CHANGE SCREEN.

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 INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

6.11.4 Full Reference Screen (FULL REF)

The Full Reference Screen is used to call up discretes and registers to read and/or
change their status and/or contents. It starts in the top row of the screen and
occupies 18 rows. An example of a Full Reference Screen is in Figure 6-13.

10002 = OFF
10003 = ON DISABLED
10004 = OFF
10005 = OFF
10006 = ON DISABLED
10007 = OFF
10008 = OFF
10009 = OFF
10010 = OFF
10011 = OFF
10012 = OFF
10013 = OFF
10014 = OFF
10015 = OFF
10016 = OFF
10017 = OFF
10018 = OFF
10019 = OFF 10001 = OFF

AR: 00000

Figure 6-13. Full Reference Screen

When the FULL REF software label key is pressed, the GET COUGET REF software
label appears on the screen.

6.11.4.1 Get Column/Get Reference (GET COUGET REF)

To obtain the status or content of a single reference, enter a valid reference
number into the AR and press the GET REF software label key. The reference
specified in the AR is displayed, with its state or contents, at the cursor position.
The cursor remains in its original position.

The Get Column function is used to list a column of references on the screen.
Enter a valid reference number in the AR. Press the GET COL software label key
and the SHIFT key. Starting at the cursor position, with the reference in the AR,
.
a column of references, and their states or values, are displayed. The column
displays the particular type of reference number, up to a maximum of 18
references (three on partial reference screen). If there are not enough of the
specified reference types to fill the column, the listing stops; the next type of
reference numbers are not displayed.

NOTE

The GET COUGET REF software label key is always

available when on the full or partial reference screens.

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INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

6.11.4.2 Previous Reference/Next Reference (PREV REF/NEXT REF)

These two functions are used to obtain information on additional references
without entering the reference numbers. These software labels are displayed only
when the cursor is positioned on a reference.

When the PREV REF software label key is pressed with the SHIFT key, the cursor
moves up one position and the previous reference is read in and displayed, erasing
the old reference at the cursor position.

When the cursor reaches the top of the screen, it remains in that position and
displays the new reference over the old reference each time the PREV REF
software label key is pressed.

The Next Reference function is similar to the Previous Reference function. To get
the Next Reference, press the NEXT REF software label key. The cursor moves
down one position and gets the next reference. The new reference writes over the
old reference.

If the cursor is at the bottom of the screen, each time the next reference function
is selected, the new reference writes over the bottom reference.

NOTE
The PREV REFlNEXT REF software label key is only
available if the cursor is over a reference.

6.11.4.3 Erase Column/Erase Reference (ERASE COL/ERASE REF)

Press the ERASE COL software label key and the SHIFT key to erase a column of
references, from the cursor position to the bottom of the column. The cursor
remains in its original position

Press the ERASE REF software label key to delete a single reference and its state
or contents from the screen. The cursor remains in its original position.

NOTE
The ERASE COLlERASE REF software label key is only
available when the cursor is over a reference.

6.11.4.4 Display Hexadecimal/Display Decimal (DISP HEXlDlSP DEC)

Position the cursor over a register reference (2XXOO,3XXXX, 4XXXX, or 5XxXx) and
press the DISP HEX software label key and the SHIFT key. The register’s contents
are displayed in hexadecimal format. The display looks like the following:
40001 = OlOF HEX.

Press the DISP HEXlDlSP DEC software label key to display the register’s contents
in decimal format. The display looks like this: 40001 = 0000 DECIMAL

NOTE
This software label key is only available when the cursor is
over a register reference (2Xx00, 3XXXX, 4XXXX, or 5XxXx).

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 INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

6.11.4.5 Display ASCII/Display Binary (DISP ASCIIIDISP BIN)

Position the cursor over a register reference (2Xx00, 3XXXX, or 4XXXX) and press
the DISP ASCII software label key. The contents of the register are displayed in
ASCII code. The display looks like this: 40001 = AB ASCII.

Press the DISP BIN software label key to display the register’s contents in binary
format. The display looks like this: 40001 = 1111000011110000.

NOTE

The DISP ASClllDlSP BIN software label key is only

available when the cursor is over a register reference
(2XXOO,3XXXX, or 4XXXX). It is not available when the cursor
is over a SXXXX reference.

6.11.4.6 Set All/Set Bit (SET ALL/SET BIT)

The set function is used to set a bit(s) in a register, displayed in binary, to the value
one (ON).

Position the cursor over a register reference displayed binary (2Xx00, 3XXXX, or
4XXXX) and press the SET ALL software label key with the SHIFT key. All the bits
in the specified register are set to one (ON) and the cursor moves to the first bit
position.

To set bits individually, position the cursor over a bit and press the SET BIT
software label key. The cursor moves one bit position to the right. On the 16th bit
the cursor will wrap to bit position one.

NOTE

The cursor can be moved one bit position at a time, within

a reference displayed in binary, by holding down the SHIFT
key while pressing the cursor left or right keys.

6.11.4.7 Clear All/Clear Bit (CLEAR ALL/CLEAR BIT)

The Clear function is used to clear a bit(s) in a register to zero (OFF).

Position the cursor over a register reference displayed in binary and press the
CLEAR ALL software label key with the SHIFT key. All the bits in the specified
register are cleared to zero (OFF) and the cursor moves to the first bit position.

To clear individual bits, position the cursor over the bit to be cleared, and press
the CLEAR BIT software label key. The cursor moves one bit position to the right.
On the 16th bit, the cursor will wrap to bit position one.

NOTE

The SET ALL/SET BIT software label key is only available

when the cursor is over a register reference displayed in
binary (2Xx00, BXXXX, or 4XXXX). It is not available when the
cursor is over a 5XXXX reference.

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INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

The CLEAR ALL/CLEAR BIT software label key is only available when the cursor
is over a register reference displayed in binary (2Xx00, 3XXXX, or 4XXXX). It is not
available when the cursor is over a 5XXXX reference.

6.11.4.8 Plus/Minus (PLUS/MINUS)

These functions allow you to change or specify the numerical sign of the double
precision number stored in a 5XXXX register.

These keys only appear when the cursor is over a 5XXXX register reference in the
decimal display mode.

Press the PLUS software label key to make the value in the register positive.

Press the MINUS software label key to make the value a negative.

6.11.4.9 Enable/Disable (ENABLE/DISABLE)

When in a Full or Partial Reference screen, these functions are used to enable or
disable coils or discrete inputs only. To perform either function the cursor must
be positioned over a OXXXX coil reference or 1XXXX discrete input reference.

Press the ENABLE software label key, with the SHIFT key, to enable a disabled coil
or discrete. Press the DISABLE software label key to disable a coil or discrete and
allow that coil or discrete to be forced ON or OFF.

6.11.4.10 Force On/Force Off (FORCE ON/FORCE OFF)

These functions allow you to force the state of a disabled coil or discrete reference
to OFF or ON.

Press the FORCE ON software label key with the SHIFT key to cause a disabled
coil or discrete input to the ON state. For example,

00002 = OFF
Press DISABLE
00002 = OFF DISABLED
Press FORCE ON
00002 = ON DISABLED

Press the FORCE OFF software label key to force a disabled coil or discrete to the
OFF state.

NOTE
FORCE ON/FORCE OFF are available only when the cursor
is over a coil (OXXXX) or discrete input (1XxXx) reference
and may be used only if that reference has been disabled.

6.11.5 Partial Reference Area of Network Screen (PART. REF)

The partial reference screen is used to call up discretes and registers, in order to
read their status and/or contents while still displaying logic. It is below the logic
screen and occupies three rows and three columns as shown in Figure 6-14. Its
location allows a network, and reference information to be displayed at the same
time.

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 INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

NETWORK: 01
/ tf H I--_-----------_-_----__------_____________( )
oiIoo3
H t--_-___--__________---__-__________~ )

00005
t----____--_________---_ _______ --__< )
00006

10001 = OFF 00003 = OFF 00005 = OFF

10002 = ON 10005 = OFF 00006 = OFF
10003 = ON 10004 = OFF *lOOlO = OFF*

AR: 00000

PREVREF ERASECOL
ENABLE1 DISABLE FORCEON FORCEOFF
NEXTREF ERASEREF

Figure 6-14. Partial Reference screen

When the PART. REF software label key is pressed, the GET COLIGET REF
software label key appears. The other software labels, and their functions, are the
same as those used with the Full Reference screen. These are explained in section
6.11.4.

6.11.6 Search Display (SRCH DSPLY)

The Search Display function allows you to search for reference numbers and/or
element types. The entire program is searched for the specified value(s). A
message appears on the screen to indicate when a search is in progress. When a
match is found the network containing the match is displayed on the screen and
a message: MATCH IS FOUND AT ROW XX,COL XX OF FIRST OCCURRENCE. To
continue the search, press the CONTINUE key on the P190 Panel.

Press the SRCH DSPLY software label key and the cursor moves to the search area
on the network screen (lower right-hand corner). Enter a single search parameter
in the AR. Press the ENTER key, followed by the SEARCH hardware key on the
P190 keyboard. A relay contact, coil, function block, or a function block with a
specific reference can also be searched for. The latter are entered via the
applicable software label key. To return to the Logic screen, press the CHANGE
SCREEN hardware key and then the LOGIC software label key.

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INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

6.12 LOGIC EXAMPLE

Figure 6-15. Logic Example

Enter the logic as follows:

1. Press the R/T/C software label key.

Software labels for the relay contacts appear on the screen, along with other
software labels not needed at this time.

2. Enter 10001 into the Assembly Register (AR).

3. Press _I +.

4. Press + .

5. Enter 10006 into the AR.

6. Press _I k .

7. Press _ .

a. Enter 10002 into the AR.

9. Press + .

10. Press + .

11. Press the PREV MENU software label key.

The original set of software labels reappears.

12. Press COILS.

Software labels for coils appear on the screen, along with other software
labels not needed at this time.

13. Enter 12 into the AR.

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 INTRODUCTION TO LADDER LOGIC AND PROGRAMMING

14. Press -( )- .

15. Press B .

The cursor moves to the first node in the same row (wrap-around).

16. Press R/T/C software label key.

17. Press VER SHORT (Vertical Short).

18. Press PREV MENU twice.

19. Press 1
20 Enter 12 into the AR.

21. Press R/T/C.

22. Press i
I-.

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