This document summarizes an experiment using a Wheatstone bridge circuit to determine unknown resistances and investigate the relationship between resistance and cross-sectional area of conductors. Students will connect resistors in a Wheatstone bridge, measure voltages to calculate unknown resistances, and measure resistances of conductor wires with varying diameters to determine the relationship between resistance and radius. The objectives are to determine resistance as a function of cross-section, measure unknown resistances, and determine total resistance of series and parallel resistors.
This document summarizes an experiment using a Wheatstone bridge circuit to determine unknown resistances and investigate the relationship between resistance and cross-sectional area of conductors. Students will connect resistors in a Wheatstone bridge, measure voltages to calculate unknown resistances, and measure resistances of conductor wires with varying diameters to determine the relationship between resistance and radius. The objectives are to determine resistance as a function of cross-section, measure unknown resistances, and determine total resistance of series and parallel resistors.
This document summarizes an experiment using a Wheatstone bridge circuit to determine unknown resistances and investigate the relationship between resistance and cross-sectional area of conductors. Students will connect resistors in a Wheatstone bridge, measure voltages to calculate unknown resistances, and measure resistances of conductor wires with varying diameters to determine the relationship between resistance and radius. The objectives are to determine resistance as a function of cross-section, measure unknown resistances, and determine total resistance of series and parallel resistors.
This document summarizes an experiment using a Wheatstone bridge circuit to determine unknown resistances and investigate the relationship between resistance and cross-sectional area of conductors. Students will connect resistors in a Wheatstone bridge, measure voltages to calculate unknown resistances, and measure resistances of conductor wires with varying diameters to determine the relationship between resistance and radius. The objectives are to determine resistance as a function of cross-section, measure unknown resistances, and determine total resistance of series and parallel resistors.
PHY 108 Electricity and Magnetism Experiment Experiment 2: Wheatstone Bridge
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GROUP: Electricity and Magnetism Experiment 2
OBJECTIVES: 1. Determination of the resistance of a wire as a function of its cross-section. 2. Determination of unknown resistances. 3. Determination of the total resistance of resistors in series, resistors in parallel.
NEEDED EQUIPMENT PHYWE Power supply 0-12 V DC/ 6 V, 12 V AC, 230 V 13505-93 1 Digital multimeter 2005 07129-00 2 Connection box 06030-23 1 Connecting cord, 32 A, 2000 mm, yellow 07365-02 2 Connecting cord, 32 A, 750 mm, yellow 07362-02 2 Connecting cord, 32 A, 750 mm, blue 07362-04 1 Connecting cord, 32 A, 500 mm, red 07361-01 2 Connecting cord, 32 A, 500 mm, blue 07361-04 1 Connecting cord, 32 A, 250 mm, red 07360-01 1 Connecting cord, 32 A, 250 mm, blue 07360-04 1 Connecting cord, 100 mm, yellow 07359-02 2 Resistances R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R Meter Bridge Conductor wires with different diameters
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND The Wheatstone Bridge circuit is a two simple series-parallel arrangements of resistances connected between a voltage supply terminal and ground producing zero voltage difference between the two parallel branches when balanced. With branched circuits, in the steady-state condition, Kirchhoff’s 1st law applies at every junction point:
where are the current values which lead to or from the junction point. It is customary to take as negative if the corresponding current in the v-th conductor is flowing away from the junction point. For every closed loop C in a network of linear conductors, in the steady-state condition, Kirchhoff’s 2nd law applies:
where is the resistance in the v-th conductor and the voltage.
For the Wheatstone bridge circuit, one obtains
for an unknown resistance, Rx with the designations of Fig. 2, in the balanced condition.
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Electricity and Magnetism Experiment 2
SETUP AND PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in fig. 1. 2. The resistance to be investigated (series-connected and wire resistances) are shown in Fig. 2 as Rx 3. Ensure to balance the measuring resistance (R=1000KΩ) to the order of magnitude of Rx by moving the slider of the meter bridge until the voltmeter balances to zero. 4. At zero reading of the voltmeter, read and record the value of L1 and L2 ( either sides of the slider) on the meter bridge 5. Repeat the experiment for Rx= R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 and record the corresponding L1 and L2 respectively 6. Tabulate your reading as shown in the table and calculate the resistances of R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 TASK II 7. Connect the source in series to conductor wires with different diameter. 8. Change the multi-meter function from voltage to resistance. 9. Vary the diameter of the conductor as you record the resistance of each of the diameters provided 10. Plot the graph of Resistance against conductor wire radius and evaluate the slope NB The power unit is so designed that resistances from milliohms to Mega ohms can be investigated, but in the milliohm, range the resistances of the connecting leads must be taken into account. Through the pilot light, the power unit is short-circuit proof. R is maintained as 1KΩ throughout the experiment.
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Electricity and Magnetism Experiment 2
TITLE: SCALE:
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Electricity and Magnetism Experiment 2
CALCULATIONS: 1. Calculate the percentage error for each of the resistor if the real values of the resistors are given as: R1= 100Ω R2= 150Ω R3= 220Ω R4= 330Ω R5= 470Ω R6= 680Ω 2. A car headlight filament is made of tungsten and has a cold resistance of 0.451Ω. If the filament is cylindrical in nature and is 3.6m long. What is its cross-sectional area?
PRECAUTIONS: State the Precautions taken to ensure accurate result
