SELF–LEARNING HOME TASK (SLHT) 4

Subject: PRECALCULUS Grade Level: 11 Quarter: II Weeks: 4-5

MELCs: The learners illustrate the domain and range of the different circular functions.
(STEM_PC11T-IIc-1)
The learners graph the six circular functions (a) amplitude, (b) period, and (c)
phase shift. (STEM_PC11T-IIc-d-1)
The learners solve situational problems involving circular functions.
(STEM_PC11T-IId-2)
Name: ______________________________ Section: _________ Date: __________
School: _____________________________ District: __________________________

A. Readings/Discussions

There are many things that occur periodically. Phenomena like rotation of the
planets and comets, high tides and low tides, and yearly change of the seasons follow a
definite pattern. In this lesson, we will graph the six circular functions and we will see that
they are periodic in nature.

GRAPHS OF THE SIX CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS

In graphing the six circular functions, we will make use of the coordinates of the
points of the special angles in a unit circle.

1. 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙

𝑥 0 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋 7𝜋 4𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 11𝜋 2𝜋
6 3 2 3 6 6 3 2 3 6

𝑦 0 0.5 0.87 1 0.87 0.5 0 −0.5 −0.87 −1 −0.87 −0.5 0

Domain: ℝ or set of all real numbers

Range: [−1, 1] or the set of all real numbers between −1 and 1 (inclusive)

Period: 2𝜋
 2. 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙

𝑥 0 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋 7𝜋 4𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 11𝜋 2𝜋
6 3 2 3 6 6 3 2 3 6

𝑦 1 0.87 0.5 0 −0.5 −0.87 −1 −0.87 −0.5 0 0.5 0.87 1

Domain: ℝ or set of all real numbers

Range: [−1, 1] or the set of all real numbers between −1 and 1 (inclusive)

Period: 2𝜋

3. 𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙

𝑥 0 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋 7𝜋 4𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 11𝜋 2𝜋
6 3 2 3 6 6 3 2 3 6

𝑦 0 0.58 1.73 und −1.73 −0.58 0 0.58 1.73 und −1.73 −0.58 0

𝑘𝜋
Domain: {𝑥 ∈ ℝ | cos 𝑥 ≠ 0} or {𝑥 ∈ ℝ |𝑥 ≠ 2
, 𝑘 odd integer}

Range: ℝ

Period: 𝜋
4. 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝜽

Domain: {𝑥 ∈ ℝ | sin 𝑥 ≠ 0} or {𝑥 ∈ ℝ |𝑥 ≠ 𝑘𝜋, 𝑘 ∈ ℤ}

Range: (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, +∞)

Period: 2𝜋

5. 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝜽

𝑘𝜋
Domain: {𝑥 ∈ ℝ | cos 𝑥 ≠ 0} or {𝑥 ∈ ℝ |𝑥 ≠ 2
, 𝑘 odd integer}

Range: (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, +∞)

Period: 2𝜋
 6. 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜽

Domain: {𝑥 ∈ ℝ | sin 𝑥 ≠ 0} or {𝑥 ∈ ℝ |𝑥 ≠ 𝑘𝜋, 𝑘 ∈ ℤ}

Range: ℝ

Period: 𝜋

AMPLITUDES AND PERIODS

Amplitude is the distance between the center line of the function and the top or
bottom of the function, and the period is the distance it takes for the entire graph to repeat.

For functions of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎 sin 𝑏𝜃 and 𝑦 = 𝑎 cos 𝑏𝜃,

❖ The amplitude is |𝑎|, and

360° 2𝜋
❖ The period is or .
|𝑏| |𝑏|

For functions of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎 tan 𝑏𝜃,

❖ The amplitude is not defined, and

180° 𝜋
❖ The period is or .
|𝑏| |𝑏|

Examples:

360°
𝑦 = 3 sin 4𝜃 amplitude 3 and period or 90°
4
 2𝜋
𝑦 = −6 cos 5𝜃 amplitude |−6| or 6 and period
5
1
𝑦 = 2 tan 𝜃 no amplitude and period 3𝜋
3

You can use the amplitude and period of a trigonometric function to help you graph
the function.

EXAMPLES: Find the amplitude and period of each function. Then graph the function.

1. 𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝜽

Solution: First, find the amplitude.

|𝑎| = |1| = 1
Next, find the period.

360° 360°
= = 120°
|𝑏| |3|

Use the amplitude and period to graph the function.

𝟏 𝟏
2. 𝒚 = 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 (− 𝟑 𝜽)

Solution:

Amplitude:
1 1
|𝑎| = | | =
2 2
Period:
2𝜋 2𝜋
= = 6𝜋
|𝑏| 1
|− 3|
 PHASE SHIFTS

The Phase Shift is how far the function is shifted horizontally from the usual
position.

The phase shift of the functions

𝑦 = 𝑎 sin 𝑏 (𝜃 − ℎ), 𝑦 = 𝑎 cos 𝑏 (𝜃 − ℎ) , and 𝑦 = 𝑎 tan 𝑏 (𝜃 − ℎ)

is h, where 𝑏 > 0.

If ℎ > 0, the shift is to the right.

If ℎ < 0, the shift is to the left.

GRAPHING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

1. Determine the amplitude if it exists. Use dashed lines to indicate the maximum and
minimum values of the function.
2. Determine the period of the function and graph the appropriate function.
3. Determine the phase shift and translate the graph accordingly.
4. You can always have the table of values for a better drawing of the graph.
 B. Exercises

Exercise 1

Directions: State the amplitude, period, and phase shift for each function.

1. 𝑦 = cos (𝜃 − 60° )
𝜋
2. 𝑦 = 2 sin (𝜃 + )
4

𝜋
3. 𝑦 = sin (𝜃 − 2 )

𝜋
4. 𝑦 = sec (𝜃 + 3 )

5. 𝑦 = tan (𝜃 + 60° )

Example:

1. Amplitude: ℝ
Period: [−1, 1]
𝜋
Phase shift:
3

C. Assessment/Application/Outputs (Please refer to DepEd Order No. 31, s. 2020)

Directions: Graph the functions.

1. 𝑦 = cos (𝜃 − 60° )
𝜋
2. 𝑦 = 2 sin (𝜃 + 4 )

Example: 1.

D. Suggested Enrichment/Reinforcement Activity/ies

The rise and fall of tides can have great impact on the communities and ecosystems
that depend upon them. One type of tide is semidiurnal tide. This means that bodies of
 water, like the Atlantic Ocean, have two high tides and two low tides a day. Because tides
are periodic, they behave the same way each day.

Directions: Suppose the tidal range of a city on the Atlantic coast is 18 feet. A tide is at
equilibrium when it is at its normal level, halfway between its highest and lowest points.
Write a function to represent the height ℎ of the tide. Assume that the tide is at equilibrium
at 𝑡 = 0 and that the high tide is beginning.

References:

Liethold, Louis. The Calculus 7. Addison – Wesley Pubishing Company Inc, 1996.

Bacani, Jericho B. Estrada, Glenn Rey A., Vidallo, Mark Anthony J., Eden, Richard B.,
Francisco, Flordeliza F. Precalculus Teacher’s Guide. Department of Education, 2016.

Ascano, Joy P., Olofernes, Arnel D., Martin, Jesus Lemuel Jr. L., Tolentino, Mark Anthony C.
Precalculus Learner’s Material. Department of Education, 2016.

Most Essential Learning Competencies

https://www.augusta.k12.va.us/cms/lib/VA01000173/Centricity/Domain/766/Algebra%202%2
0Textbook/chap08.pdf

https://www.augusta.k12.va.us/cms/lib/VA01000173/Centricity/Domain/766/chap11.pdf

Prepared by: LEIGH I. HERBIETO Edited by: JESSA O. BARBERO

Reviewed by: ANA MARIE TUMULAK

 GUIDE

For the Teacher

Department of Education, as one of the significant stakeholders of learning,

researched and explored innovative ways on how to address the learners’ need of education
amidst today’s circumstance. DepEd initiated the making of Alternative Delivery Mode of
teaching using teacher–made self–learning home tasks.

For the Learner

The key to successfully finish this self–learning home task lies in the learners’ hands.
This self–learning home task is especially crafted for the learners to grasp the opportunity to
continue learning diligently, intelligently, and independently even at home. Learners are
expected to meet the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) specified in each self–
learning home task.

For the Parent/Home Tutor

The role of the facilitator is to support, help, and guide the learners in accomplishing
all the tasks in all self–learning home tasks. This is a Precalculus subject, one of the
specialized subjects in the STEM strand, which demands a lot of time and effort for the
learners to study. Boosting the learners’ focus and determination will really help them complete
the self–learning home tasks. Facilitators are anticipated to persuade learners to comply and
to finish the self–learning home tasks on or before the scheduled time.

Here are some rules for the learners to follow in accomplishing the self–learning home
tasks.

1. The learners should schedule and manage their time to read and understand every
part of the self–learning home tasks.

2. The learners should study how they can manage to do the activities of this subject in
consideration of their other self–learning home tasks from other subjects.

3. The learners should finish one task at hand before proceeding to the next.

4. This self–learning home tasks is organized according to the learners’ level of

understanding. Skipping one part may lead them to confusion and misinterpretation.

5. If learners do not understand the activities and other tasks, they should re-read and
engage all possible resources. They may ask other family members to help them.

6. Learners should not procrastinate.

7. Learners are free to browse and read other different materials.

8. Learners should not copy their classmates’ answers through asking their answers
online. In this independent type of learning, honesty is always the best policy.

9. Lastly, learners should do the self–learning home tasks on their own. Family members
and friends at home may support the learners but the activities must be done by
themselves.