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Chapter 3: Heredity and Variation

The document summarizes heredity and variation through three examples: 1) Ear lobe type is an example of genetic variation that can be inherited from parents. Dominant and recessive genes determine the ear lobe type of offspring as shown in a Punnett square. 2) Cell division through meiosis is described, where crossing over occurs during prophase I to introduce genetic variation into gametes. Two daughter cells are produced after division II. 3) Twin types are defined, including identical twins that develop from one zygote and fraternal twins that develop from two separate fertilized eggs which may share one or more placentas.

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42 views4 pages

Chapter 3: Heredity and Variation

The document summarizes heredity and variation through three examples: 1) Ear lobe type is an example of genetic variation that can be inherited from parents. Dominant and recessive genes determine the ear lobe type of offspring as shown in a Punnett square. 2) Cell division through meiosis is described, where crossing over occurs during prophase I to introduce genetic variation into gametes. Two daughter cells are produced after division II. 3) Twin types are defined, including identical twins that develop from one zygote and fraternal twins that develop from two separate fertilized eggs which may share one or more placentas.

Uploaded by

ADY2022
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 3: HEREDITY AND VARIATION

1 Figure 1 shows the types of ear lobes that can be inherited by a


child from his or her parents.
[Rajah 1 menunjukkan jenis cuping telinga yang mungkin diwarisi oleh
anak daripada ibu bapanya.]

(a) Name the type of variation shown in Figure 1. [1 mark]


[Namakan jenis variasi yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.]

………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Give another example of the same type of variation mentioned in [1 mark]
(a).
[Berikan satu contoh lain bagi jenis variasi yang dinyatakan di (a).]

…………………………………………………………………………………..

(c) What factor influences the above variation? [1 mark]


[Apakah faktor yang mempengaruhi variasi di atas?]

…………………………………………………………………………………..

(d) Write down each child’s pair of genes in the boxes provided in [1 mark]
Figure 1.
[Tuliskan setiap pasangan gen anak dalam kotak yang disediakan pada
Rajah 1.]

(e) Based on Figure 1, which type of ear lobe is dominant? [1 mark]


[Berdasarkan Rajah 1, jenis cuping telinga yang manakah bersifat
dominan?]

……………………………………………………………………………………

2 Diagram 2 shows a process of cell division.Chromosomes at


stage Q are not shown.
[Rajah 2 menunjukkan suatu proses pembahagian sel. Kromosom pada
peringkat Q tidak ditunjukkan.]

Diagram 2

(a) (i) Name the type of process shown in Diagram 2. [1 mark]


[Namakan jenis proses yang ditunjukkan pada Rajah 2.]

…………………………………………………………………………………..

(ii) State the importance of the process in 2(a)(i). [1 mark]


[Nyatakan kepentingan proses di 2(a)(i)]

……………………………………………………………………………………

(b) (i) Where the stage that crossing over will occur? [1 mark]
Circle the answer Q,R,S or T in Diagram 2.
[Dimanakan peringkat pindah silang akan berlaku di Rajah 2?
Bulatkan jawapan Q,R,S atau T di Rajah 2]

(ii) What is the effect of the process in 2(b)(i) on the offspring? [1 mark]
[Apakah kesan proses di 2(b)(i) ke atas anak?]

…………………………………………………………………………………..

(c) In Diagram 2, draw the chromosome at stage Q. [1 mark]


[Pada Rajah 2, lukis kromosom pada peringkat Q.]
…………………………………………………………………………………..

(d) How many daughter cells are produced at the end of Division II in [1 mark]
Diagram 2?
[Berapakah bilangan sel anak yang terhasil di akhir Pembahagian II
pada Rajah 2?]

……………………………………………………………………………………

3. Diagram 3 shows a process of development of twin.


[Rajah 3 menunjukkan proses perkembanga kembar.]

(a) (i) State a type of Twin A in Diagram 3.


[Nyatakan jenis Kembar A di Rajah 3]

………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(ii) Give one characteristic of twin in (3)(a)(1)


[Berikan satu ciri kembar di (3)(a)(1)]

………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(iii) How the fertilization process occur in twin (3)(a)(1)?


[Bagaimanakah proses persenyawaan berlaku pada kembar di (3)(a)(1)?]

………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(b) (i) State a type of Twin A in Diagram 3.
[Nyatakan jenis Kembar A di Rajah 3]

………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(ii) How many placenta that twin in 3(b)(i) have?


[Berapakah bilangan plasenta yang dimiliki oleh kembar di 3(b)(i)?]

………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

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