Name : Bianca Louise M.
Uy-oco Date : 9//22/2021
Course/Year/Sec: BSN 1-YA-6 Teacher: Dra. Ma. Luisa
Crisostomo
EXERCISE NO. 3
FUNDAMENTAL TYPES OF TISSUES
GIO: To study epithelial tissues and know its subtypes
SIO:
1. Describe the important characteristics of epithelial tissues.
- The important characteristic of epithelial tissue is that it is the one who covers the
surfaces of the body. Both internal and external or inside and outside of the body
- It also forms most glands. Functions include protection, absorption, filtration, and
secretion.
- The Cells are arranged together, and they have at least one side that cannot be contact
to another cells.
- It is responsible for protecting the body, secretion, and excretion, absorption that allows
the organism to sense the outside world.
- Epithelial Tissue is typically identified as having six characteristics which are it is made
almost entirely of cells, contains cells joined by specialized contacts, has distinct upper
and lower surfaces, is not supported by blood cells, retains the ability to regenerate, and
is supported by connective tissue.
2. Enumerate the functions of this tissue.
Protecting underlying structures
Acting as a barrier.
Permitting the passage of substances.
Secreting substances.
Absorbing substances.
3. Enumerate the classifications and subtypes of epithelial tissue and
examples for each.
Classifications:
Lining/Surface Epithelium
Glandular Epithelium
Subtypes:
Simple
- Pseudostratified
- Stratified
- Transitional
Tubular
- Alveolar
- Tubulo-Alveolar
Examples:
Lining/Surface Epithelium
Simple Squamous Epithelium – Peritoneal cavities
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium – Kidney Tubules
Simple Columnar Epithelium – Small Intestines
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium - Trachea
Stratified Squamous Epithelium – Inner lining of the mouth, esophagus, and
trachea
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium – Sweat Glands, salivary glands, and
mammary glands
Stratified Columnar Epithelium - Pharynx
Transitional – Urinary Bladder
Glandular Epithelium
Simple Tubular - Intestinal glands
Simple Coiled Tubular – Soles of the feet, Merocrine sweat glands
Simple Branched Tubular – Stomach, Gastric Glands
Compound Tubular – Mucus Glands (in mouth), Testes (seminiferous
tubules)
Simple Alveolar – Paraurethral, and Periurethral glands of the urethra
Compound Alveolar – Mammary Glands
Tubulo-Alveolar - Salivary glands, Glands of respiratory (passages),
Pancreas
4. Illustrate the different subtypes, label and describe each.
Name : Bianca Louise M. Uy-oco Date : 9/22/2021
Course/Year/Sec: BSN 1-YA-6 Teacher: Dra. Ma. Luisa
Crisosostomo
EXERCISE NO. 4
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
GIO: To have a clear understanding of the parts and functions of skin and its
derivatives
SIO:
1. Enumerate the functions of the skin
Keeps water, and other precious molecules in the body
Keeps water out
Protects the body from external agent
Insulates and cushions deeper body organs
Protects body from mechanical, chemical thermal damage, and also bacteria
Regulates heat loss from body surface
Acts as mini-excretory system, urea, salt, water are lost when we sweat
Manufactures several proteins important to immunity
Storage of vitamin D precursor (active vitamin D when exposed to sunlight)
Contains cutaneous receptors that serve as sensors for touch, pressure, temperature,
and pain
2. Illustrate and label the 2 layers of skin with their important features.
3. Give the layers of the epidermis and describe each
Stratum Basale – also known as stratum germinativum is the deepest epidermal layer
and attaches the epidermis to the basal lamina. It is also composed of single layer of
cells in contact with the dermis.
Stratum Spinosum – is spiny in appearance due to the protruding cell processes that join
the cells via a structure called a desmosome. It is cuboidal or slightly flattened cells, it
contains several layers of cells and lastly, has limited mitosis.
Stratum Granulosum – has a grainy appearance due to further changes to the
keratinocytes as they are pushed from the stratum spinosum. It consists of only 3-4
flattened rows of cells.
Stratum Lucidum – is a smooth, seemingly translucent layer of the epidermis located just
above the stratum granulosum, and below the stratum corneum. Exists only in the lips,
and the thickened skin of soles & palms, it also contains a translucent as what
mentioned above that is a substance called eleidin.
Stratum Corneum – is the most superficial layer of the epidermis and is the layer
exposed to the outside environment. This surface layer is cornified and is the real
protective layer of the skin.
4. Give the layers of the dermis and describe each
Papillary Level – is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen
and elastin fibers of this layer form a loose mesh. Papillary layer contains phagocytes a
defensive cell that help fight the bacteria or other infections that’ve breached the skin.
(thin upper layer)
Reticular Layer – underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer,
composed of dense, irregular connective tissue. Reticular layer appears reticulated a
net-like due to a tight meshwork of fibers.
Hypodermis - also known as the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia is a layer
directly below the dermis and serves to connect the skin to the fibrous tissue or
underlying fascia of the bones and muscle. Not strictly part of the skin, though the border
of the hypodermis and dermis is not easier distinguish.
