National College of Business Administration &

Economics
The Impact of Gender on Shakespeare’s Othello

Reading and Writing Skill

Presented To:
Ma’am Sumyyiah

Presented By:
BS (English)
Romaisa Qadir
Fizza Afzal
Azan Ali Azam
 Psychology |1

Reading
Reading is an elemental skill in English teaching which enhances most aspects of the
language in a student; ranging from the basic vocabulary to complex grammatical structures.

Importance of Reading
Mental Stimulation:
Studies have shown that staying mentally stimulated can slow the progress of Alzheimer’s
and dementia since keeping your brain active and engaged prevents it from losing power.
Just like any other muscle in the body, the brain requires exercise to keep it strong and
healthy, so the phrase “Use it or lose it” is particularly apart when it comes to your mind.
Doing puzzles and playing games such as chess have also been found to be helpful with
cognitive stimulation.
Stress Reduction:
No matter how much stress you have at work, in your personal relationships, or countless
other issues faced in daily life, it all slips away when you lose yourself in a great story and a
well written novel can transport you to other realms, while an engaging article will distract
you and keep you in the present moment, letting tensions drain away and allowing you to
relax.
Knowledge:
Everything you need fills your head with new bits of information, and you never know when
it might come handy. The more knowledge you have, the better equip you are to tackle any
challenge that you will ever face. You might lose everything else – you job, money, health –
knowledge can never be taken from you.
Vocabulary Expansion:
The more you read, the more words you gain exposure to, and they will inevitably make their
way into your everyday vocabulary.
Focus and Concentration:
When you read a book all of your attention is focused on the story – the rest of the world just
falls away and you can immerse yourself in every fine detail you are observing.
 Psychology |2

Types of Reading
Skimming:
It is used to build students confidence and an understanding that it is possible to gain
meaning without reading every word in a text.
It is used as part of SQ3R of reading often for speed reading method involves the student in
surveying, questioning, reading, reciting and reviewing.
Scanning:
A quick reading focuses the location of specific information. Involves quick eye movements
not necessarily linear in fashion in which the eye wonder until the reader find the piece of
information needed is required such as name symbol or date is required.

Difference between INTENSIVE and EXTENSIVE Reading

INTENSIVE EXTENSIVE

Narrower Area Larger Area

Topic is given by the teacher Topic the students enjoy

Activity after reading is easier Activity after reading is more complex

Students are tasked to find difficult words Discourage overuse of a dictionary

in the text

Deformity
The most common disability found in the world is dyslexia.
A specific learning disability that effects reading and related language-based processing
skills. The severity can differ an each individual but can effect reading fluency, decoding,
reading comprehension, recall, writing, spelling, and sometimes speech and can exist along
with other related disorders. Dyslexia is sometimes referred to as a language-based learning
disability.
 Psychology |3

Solutions for Deformity

Read carefully and deliberately:
Take your time when you are reading. Focus your attention on each word and be sure that
you read what is written.
Re-read for mistakes and content:
Dyslexic readers skip words or read slightly different words than are written. Therefore,
when you come to end of a complicated sentence, your first re-read should focus on the
words more than the ideas. Don’t assume that what you read is what was written.
Be patient with unfamiliar words:
When sounding out a word be patient and take your time.
 Psychology |4

Writing
Writing is an important as any of the other skills; it transmits language and is able to express
culture and living through the use of words.
Why writing is important?
 Writing aims to capture a thought or idea, to transfer it to a permanent format, making
it tangible.
 The responsibility for that transfer falling squarely on the writer’s shoulder.
 If communication is the ultimate goal, write for your audience, not for personal style.
 Writing has to be much clearer than spoken language because it lacks these assisting
cues.
 Great care is required to ensure that your message is accurately interpreted by its
audience.

Types of writing
Expository writing:
It is where the author intends to inform, explain, describe or define their subject to you. This
is the most common type of writing you will find in textbooks and online. E.g. an example of
writing is “how-to” articles, where the author is explaining how to build or do something
yourself.
Descriptive writing:
It uses a lot of great visual words to help you see the person, place or thing they are writing
about. The writing can be poetic at times, and explain things in great detail. When you are
reading descriptive writing you feel as if you are there or can actually picture in your mind
what they are describing.
Narrative writing:
It is very common in novels, poetry and biographies. The author puts themselves in their
character used and writes as if they were that person. They tell life stories and involve story
lines. Narrative is fun to read because you can replace the author with yourself and it will
seem as if the story is happening to you.
 Psychology |5

Persuasive writing:
It takes on the opinion of the writer or issue the writer is writing for. This is considered
biased material and is most often found in advertising.
Creative writing:
It is perhaps the most fun type of writing. Anything you think up in your head can be turned
into creative writing. Creative writing is often thought provoking, entertaining and more
interesting to read than say persuasive writing is. Short stories, poetry, novels and plays often
fall into the creative writing category.

Deformity
Dysgraphia:
A specific learning disability that affects person handwriting ability and fine motor skills.
Problems may include illegible handwriting, inconsistent spacing, poor spatial planning on
paper, poor spelling, and difficulty composing writing as well as thinking and writing at the
same time.

Solution for Dysgraphia:

Accommodations:
Include typing on a keyboard or on other electronic devices instead of writing by hand.
Modifications:
Include allowing a student to write shorter papers or answer fewer or different test questions
than his classmates.
Remediation:
It is an approach that targets foundational skills your child needs to master. Some children
may practice copying letters, using paper with raised lines to help them write in straight lines.