Postulates and Theorems Geometry: Page 1
Postulates and Theorems Geometry: Page 1
Postulates and Theorems Geometry: Page 1
Postulates and Theorems ‐ Geometry
Page 1
Topic 1 – Tools of Geometry
Postulate 1‐1: Postulate 1‐2:
Through any two points, there is exactly one line. If two distinct lines intersect, then they intersect in exactly one
point.
Postulate 1‐3: Postulate 1‐4:
If two distinct planes intersect, they intersect in exactly one Through any three noncollinear points there is exactly one
line. plane.
Ruler Postulate: Segment Addition Postulate:
Every point on a line can be paired with a real number. This If three points A, B and C are collinear and B is between A and
makes a one‐to‐one correspondence between the points on C, then AB + BC = AC.
the line and the real numbers.
Protractor Postulate: Angle Addition Postulate:
Consider OB and a point on A on one side of OB . Every ray If point B is in the interior of AOC , then
mAOB mBOC mAOC .
of the form OA can be paired one to one with a real number
from 0 to 180.
Linear Pair Postulate: lines right angles
If two angles form a linear pair, then they are supplementary.
Topic 2 – Reasoning and Proof
Law of Detachment: Law of Syllogism:
If the hypothesis of a true conditional is true, then the If pq is true and qr is true, then pr is true.
conclusion is true. In symbolic form:
If pq is true and p is true, then q is true.
Symmetric Property: Transitive Property:
If AB CD , then CD AB . If AB CD , and CD EF , then AB EF .
If A B , then B A . If A B , and B C , then A C .
Reflexive Property: If B A , and B C , then A C .
AB AB and A A .
Vertical Angles Theorem: Congruent Supplements Theorem:
Vertical Angles are congruent. If two angles are supplements of the same angle (or congruent
angles), then the two angles are congruent.
Congruent Complements Theorem: All right angles are congruent.
If two angles are complements of the same angle (or congruent
angles), then the two angles are congruent. If two angles are congruent and supplementary, then each is a
right angle.
Topic 3 – Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
Same‐Side Interior Angles Postulate: Alternate Interior Angles Theorem:
If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then the same‐side If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then alternate
interior angles are supplementary. interior angles are congruent.
Corresponding Angles Theorem: Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem:
If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, the corresponding If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then alternate
angles are congruent. exterior angles are congruent.
Converse of the Corresponding Angles Theorem: Converse of the Alternate Interior Angles Theorem:
If two lines and a transversal form corresponding angles that If two lines and a transversal form alternate interior angles that
are congruent, then the lines are parallel. are congruent, then the two lines are parallel.
Converse of the Same‐Side Interior Angles Postulate: Converse of the Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem:
If two lines and a transversal form same‐side interior angles If two lines and a transversal form alternate exterior angles
that are supplementary, then the two lines are parallel. that are congruent, then the two lines are parallel.
Textbook Reference: Pages 682‐693
Postulates and Theorems ‐ Geometry
Page 2
If two lines are parallel to the same line, then they are parallel
In a plane, if two lines are perpendicular to the same line,
to each other. then they are parallel to each other.
Perpendicular Transversal Theorem Parallel Postulate
In a plane, if a line is perpendicular to one of two parallel lines,
Through a point not on a line, there is one and only one line
then it is perpendicular to the other. parallel to the given line.
Triangle Angle‐Sum Theorem Perpendicular Postulate
The sum of the measures of the angles of a triangle is 180. Through a point not on a line, there is one and only one line
perpendicular to the given line.
Triangle Exterior Angle Theorem Triangle Exterior Angle Theorem – Corollary
The measure of each exterior angle of a triangle equals the sum The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than
of the measures of its two remote interior angles. the measure of each of its remote interior angles.
Slopes of Parallel Lines Slopes of Perpendicular Lines
If two non‐vertical lines are parallel, then their slopes are If two non‐vertical lines are perpendicular, then the product of
equal. their slopes is ‐1.
If the slopes of two distinct non‐vertical lines are equal, then If the slopes of two lines have a product of ‐1, then the lines are
the lines are parallel. perpendicular.
Any two vertical lines or horizontal lines are parallel. Any horizontal line and vertical line are perpendicular.
Spherical Geometry Parallel Postulate Spherical Geometry Triangle Angle Sum Theorem
(In spherical geometry) Through a point not on a line, there is In spherical geometry, the sum of the measures of the angles of
no parallel to the given line. a triangle is always greater than 180.
Definitions
Other
Overlapping Segment Theorem Overlapping Angle Theorem
If two collinear segments adjacent to a common segment are If two angles adjacent to a common angle are congruent, then
congruent, then the overlapping segments formed are the overlapping angles formed are congruent.
congruent.
Textbook Reference: Pages 682‐693
Postulates and Theorems ‐ Geometry
Page 3
Topic 4 – Congruent Triangles
Third Angles Theorem Side‐Side‐Side (SSS) Postulate
If the two angles of one triangle are congruent to two angles of If three sides of one triangle are congruent to three sides of
another triangle, then the third angles are congruent. another triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.
Side‐Angle‐Side (SAS) Postulate Angle‐Side‐Angle (ASA) Postulate
If two sides and the included angle of one triangle are If two angles and the included side of one triangle are
congruent to two sides and the included angle of another congruent to two angles and the included side of another
triangle, then the two triangles are congruent. triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.
Angle‐Angle‐Side (AAS) Theorem Isosceles Triangle Theorem
If two angles and a non‐included side of one triangle are If wo sides of a triangle are congruent, then the angles opposite
congruent to two angles and a non‐included side of another those sides are congruent.
triangle, then the two triangles are congruent. Corollary
If a triangle is equilateral, then the triangle is also
equiangular.
Theorem 4‐5 Hypotenuse‐Leg (HL) Theorem
If a line bisects the vertex angle of an isosceles triangle, then If the hypotenuse and a leg of one right triangle are congruent
the line is also the perpendicular bisector of the base. to the hypotenuse and a leg of another right triangle, then the
triangles are congruent.
Topic 6 – Polygons and Quadrilaterals
Polygon Angle‐Sum Theorem Polygon Exterior Angle‐Sum Theorem
The sum of the measures of an n‐gon is n 2 180 The sum of the measures of the exterior angles of a polygon,
one at each vertex, is 360.
Corollary
The measure of each angle of a regular n‐gon is
n 2 180
n
Topic 6 cont’d – Properties of Parallelograms
ParallelogramOpp sides Opp sides Parallelogram
If a quadrilateral is a parallelogram, then its opposite sides are If both pairs of opposite sides of a quadrilateral are congruent,
congruent. then it is a parallelogram
Parallelogram Consec. Angles are Supp. Consec. Angles are Supp Parallelogram
If a quadrilateral is a parallelogram, then its consecutive angles If all pairs of consecutive angles in a quadrilateral are
are supplementary. supplementary, then it is a parallelogram.
Parallelogram Opp. Angles are Opp. Angles Parallelogram
If a quadrilateral is a parallelogram, then its opposite angles are If both pairs of opposite angles of a quadrilateral are
congruent. congruent, then it is a parallelogram.
Parallelogram Diags. bisect each other Diags. Bisect each other Parallelogram
If a quadrilateral is a parallelogram, then its diagonals bisect If both diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other, then it is
each other. a parallelogram.
Angle supp. to both consec angles Parallelogram One pair opp sides and || Parallelogram
If an angle of a quadrilateral is supplementary to both of its If one pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral is both congruent
consecutive angles, then the quadrilateral is a parallelogram. and parallel, then it is a parallelogram.
Rhombus diagonals diagonals Rhombus
If a parallelogram is a rhombus, then its diagonals are If a quadrilateral is a parallelogram with perpendicular
perpendicular. diagonals, then it is a rhombus.
Textbook Reference: Pages 682‐693
Postulates and Theorems ‐ Geometry
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Textbook Reference: Pages 682‐693