Classical Mechanics Solutions of Assignment -1

August 23, 2015

Prob.1

Given that z  = 4ay 2

Let us take z  = 4cy 2
We can write the Lagrangian Equations for this motion
1
T  = m(rṙ˙ 2 + r 2 θ̇ ˙θ2 + z 
ż˙ 2 )
2
U  =  mgz 
 mg z 
 =  y and z  =  cy 2 so we can say that
In our case r  = y
z 
ż˙  = 2yc yẏ˙
and we know that θ.  = ω
 =  ωtt  and θ̇˙  = ω
 a nd θ =  ω
Now we can write the Lagrangian as L  = T   =  T  − U 
1
L  = m(y ˙2 + y 2 ω 2 + 4y
4y 2 c2 yẏ˙ 2 ) − mgcy 2
2

Now
d ∂L
ẏ˙˙  + 4my
=  m y + 4 my 2 c2 yẏ˙˙
dt ∂  ẏ
 y˙

and ∂L
∂  ẏ
y ˙
 my ω 2 − 2mgcy
=  myω  2mgcy + 4 mc2 y ẏ
 + 4mc  ˙y
putting these two in Lagrangian equation we get

my(1 4y2 c2 ) = myω

ÿ¨(1 + 4y  my ω2 − 2mgcy
 2mgcy + 4 mc2 y ẏ
 + 4mc  ˙y

1
Prob.2
2
Given that F  = r1 (1 − ṙ c 2r̈ )
2
−
2

F is defined as ∂V  + dtd ∂V 

∂r ∂  ṙ

So comparing with the respective factors we have -

ṙ 2
  ∂V 
=
1
;
 d ∂V 
= 2

∂r r dt ∂  ṙ cr
2
So, V  (r) = 1r + cṙ r 2

Hence the Lagrangian would be :

1 2  1 ṙ 2
L = mṙ − +
2 r c2 r

Prob.3

Writing the Lagrangian Equation :

1
T  = m(ṙ 2 + r 2 θ̇2 + ż 2 )
2
and V  = mgz 

Writing L

1
L = m(ṙ2 + r 2 θ̇2 + ż 2 ) − mgz 
2

As we know θ = ωt and θ̇ = ω

Constraint : r = R

d ∂L
dt  partial  θ̇
= mr̈ ; d ∂L
dt ∂  θ̇
= mr 2 θ̇ ; d ∂L
dt ∂  ż
= mz̈ 

V  =  − mgr cos φ
Now put

2
 x = r cos θ sin φ ; y = r sin θ sin φ ; z  = r cos φ ;
φ̇ = ω
Finding ẋ ; ẏ  and ż 
ẋ = ṙ cos φ cos θ φ̇ + ṙ cos θ sin φ − r sin θsinφθ̇

ẏ = ṙ sin θ sin φ + rcosθ sin φθ̇ + r sin θ cos φ φ̇

ż  = ṙ cos φ − r sin φ φ̇

Now writing Lagrangian

1
L = m(ṙ 2 + r 2 θ̇2 + r 2 sin2 θ φ̇2 ) − mgr cos θ
2

d ∂L
dt ∂  ṙ
= mr̈ and ∂L
∂r
= mr θ̈ + mr sin2 θ φ̇2 − mgr cos θ

d ∂L ∂L
dt ∂  θ̇
= mr 2 θ̈ and ∂θ
=

d ∂L ∂L
dt ∂  φ̇
= mr 2 sin2 φ̈ and ∂φ
=

Prob.4

We know that :
d ∂L ∂L
=
dt ∂ q ˙m ∂q m

So substituting it in Lagrange equations of motion,

We obtain  
d ∂  d 
∂  ∂α
L + F (q 1 , q 2 ...q m )  =
dt ∂ q ˙m dt ∂t ∂ q ˙m

Now we can write LHS as :

d
 ∂L
+
∂  ∂F 
   =
∂L
+
d
 
∂F 
dt ∂  q̇  ∂  q̇  ∂t ∂q  dt ∂q 

3
Now :

d
 
∂  L̇ ∂ 2 F  ∂ 2 F 
 = + q̇ 
dt ∂  q̇  ∂t∂q  ∂q 2

Hence :
d ∂ Ḟ  ∂ Ḟ 
=
dt ∂  q̇  ∂q 

Prob.5
m k
L =  (aẋ2 + 2bẋẏ + cẏ 2 ) − (ax2 + 2bxy + cy 2 )
2 2

d
 
∂L
 = maẍ + mbÿ
dt ∂  ẋ

d ∂L
= mbẍ + mcÿ
dt ∂  ẏ

and
∂L
=  − (Kax + Kby)
∂x
and
∂L
=  − K (bx + cy)
∂y

Now write equations of motion by using Lagrangian

Prob.6

x1 = l 1 sin θ1 and y 1 = l 1 cos θ1

x2 = l 1 sin θ1 −  l2 sin θ2 and y2 = l 1 cos θ1  + l2 cos θ2
therefore :
˙ 1 and y˙1  =  − l1 sin θ1 θ˙1
x˙1 = l 1 cos θ1 θ −

4
x˙2 l1 cos θ1 θ˙1  −  l2 sin θ2   and y˙2 = l 1 (− sin θ1 )θ ˙1  −  l2 sin θ2 θ˙2
Now writing Lagrangian :
So,
V  =  − m1 gl 1 cos θ1  −  m2 gl 2 cos θ2  −  m2 gl 1 cos θ1
1 1
T  = m1 (x˙1 2 + y˙1 2 ) + m2 (x˙1 2 + ẏ2 )
2 2

So
1 2 1
T  = m1 l1 θ˙1 + m2 (l12 cos2 θ1 θ̇2 + l22 θ2 − 2l1 l2 cos(theta1  + θ2 )
2 2

Now writing Lagrangian :

L = T  − V 
1 2 1
= m1 l1 θ˙1 + m2 (l12 cos2 θ1 θ̇2 +l22 θ2 −2l1 l2 cos(theta1 +θ2 )−(−m1 gl 1 cos θ1 −m2 gl 2 cos θ2 −m2 gl 1 c
2 2

d
 
∂L
 = m 1 l12 θ¨1  + m2 l1 ¨
θ1  −  m2 gl 1 l2 cos(θ1  + θ2 )θ¨2
dt ˙
∂ θ1

∂L
=  − m1 gl 1 sin θ1  −  m2 gl 1 sin θ1
∂θ 1

Same way find

d ∂L
dt ∂ θ˙2
and
∂L
∂θ 2
and use Lagrangian equations to find the final relations of motions.

5
Prob.7

Given that
d ∂L
= e γt mq̈ 2 + mq̇ 
dt ∂  q̇ 
 
∂L
=  − eγt kq 
∂q 
Therefore, mq̈  + γmq̇  + kq  = 0

.....(1) {  equation of damped harmonic oscillator }

γt
For s = e  q 
2

  − γt/ 2  1 γt/ 2
−
q̇  =  − ṡe γse
2

γ 4 s
q̈  = e −γt/ 2
 1 1
s̈ −  ṡγ̇  −  ṡγ  +

2 2 4
put the value of q̇  q̈   in eq (1)
We will get
γ 4
s̈ +
 k
−

m 4/

Prob.8

x = l cos θ sin φ ; z   = cos φ ; y = l sin θ sin φ

Now find ẋ,ẏ  and ż 
1
T  = m(ẋ2 + ẏ2 + ẋ2 )
2
m
T  =  (l2 sin2 φθ̇2 + l2  φ̇2 )
2
Writing Lagrangian
m 2 2 2
L = T  − V  =  (l sin φθ̇ + l2  φ̇2 ) − mgl cos φ
2

6
Prob.9

Given that

F  =  − kr cos θr

since there no θ component in this force

∂V 
= (kr 2 /2)cos θ + F (θ)
∂θ
Since no θ̂ component, hence angular momentum is conserved ( θ̂) is cyclic

Prob.10

Equation of paraboloid
x2 + y 2 = az 

Potential Energy V  =  − mgz 

Let us say : x = uv cos θ ; y = uv sin θ ; z  = 0.5(u2 − v 2 )

mg
Therefore V  = 2
(u2 − v 2 )

Prob.11

For a charged particle in electromagnetic field the force experinced is given

by Lorentz force

  +   
F  = q (E   
V xB)

now on moving through field let it be accelerated by a velocity v such that :-

1
T  = mv 2
2

7
 d ∂U 
F  =  − δU  −
dt ∂  ṙ

  =  − δφ  −  ∂ A
E 
∂t
  the potential and
where A is
φ is the electric potential

and B = δXA So
1
L = mṙ 2 − qφ + q   
A.ṙ
2