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System Design

The document discusses system design and its key components. It defines system design and outlines its objectives to provide understanding and details for development stages. It also discusses input design, focusing on graphical user interfaces and easy, logical input formats to minimize errors. Output design aims to display requested information in a clear, predetermined format on screens or printers. Logical data design organizes data in a way that clearly conveys meaning. Data flow diagrams (DFDs) are then introduced as a tool to map the flow of data through a system using standard symbols. The key steps and rules for constructing DFDs are outlined.

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Gokul Raj
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50 views3 pages

System Design

The document discusses system design and its key components. It defines system design and outlines its objectives to provide understanding and details for development stages. It also discusses input design, focusing on graphical user interfaces and easy, logical input formats to minimize errors. Output design aims to display requested information in a clear, predetermined format on screens or printers. Logical data design organizes data in a way that clearly conveys meaning. Data flow diagrams (DFDs) are then introduced as a tool to map the flow of data through a system using standard symbols. The key steps and rules for constructing DFDs are outlined.

Uploaded by

Gokul Raj
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SYSTEM DESIGN

Definition
The most creative and challenging face of the system development is System Design. It
provides the understanding and procedural details necessary for the logical and physical stages of
development. In designing a new system, the system analyst must have a clear understanding of
the objectives, which the design is aiming to fulfill. The first step is to determine how the output
is to be produced and in what format. Second, input data and master files have to be designed to
meet the requirements of the proposed output. The operational phases are handled through
program construction and testing.

Input Design
In this software, importance is given to develop Graphical User Interface
(GUI), which is an important factor in developing efficient and user friendly software. For
inputting user data, attractive forms are designed. User can also select the desired options from
the menu, which provides all possible facilities. Also the important input format is designed in
such a way that accidental errors are avoided. The user has to input only just the minimum data
required, which also helps in avoiding the errors that the users may make. Accurate designing of
the input format is very important in developing efficient software. The goal of input design is to
make entry as easy, logical and free from errors.

Output Design
In the output design, the emphasis is on producing a hard copy of the
information requested or displaying the output on the CRT screen in a predetermined format.
Two of the most output media today are printers and the screen. Most users now access their
reports from either a hard copy or screen display. Computer’s output is the most important and
direct source of information to the user, efficient, logical, output design should improve the
systems relations with the user and help in decision-making.
Logical Design
Logical data design is about the logically implied data. Each and every data in the form
can be designed in such a manner to understand the meaning. Logical data designing should give
a clear understanding & idea about the related data used to construct a form.

Data Flow Diagram


A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a diagram that describes the flow of data and the
processes that change or transform data throughout a system. It’s a structured analysis and design
tool that can be used for flowcharting in place of, or in association with, information oriented and
process oriented system flowcharts. When analysts prepare the Data Flow Diagram, they specify
the user needs at a level of detail that virtually determines the information flow into and out of
the system and the required data resources. This network is constructed by using a set of symbols
that do not imply a physical implementation. The Data Flow Diagram reviews the current
physical system, prepares input and output specification, specifies the implementation plan etc.

Four basic symbols are used to construct data flow diagrams. They are symbols that represent
data source, data flows, and data transformations and data storage. The points at which data are
transformed are represented by enclosed figures, usually circles, which are called nodes.

Data Flow Diagram Symbols

_ Source or Destination of data

_ Data Flow

_ Process

_ Storage

Figure 1.DFD Symbols


Steps to Construct Data Flow Diagrams
Four steps are commonly used to construct a DFD

 Process should be named and numbered for easy reference. Each name should be
representative of the process.
 The direction of flow is from top to bottom and from left to right.
 When a process is exploded into lower level details they are numbered.
 The names of data stores, sources and destinations are written in capital letters.

Rules for constructing a Data Flow Diagram


 Arrows should not cross each other.
 Squares, Circles and files must bear names.
 Decomposed data flow squares and circles can have same names.
 Choose meaningful names for dataflow.
 Draw all data flows around the outside of the diagram.

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