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Experiment 9 & 10 (Static & Dynamic Balancing)

The document discusses static and dynamic balancing of rotating machinery. It describes an apparatus with a shaft and balance blocks that can be adjusted to demonstrate static versus dynamic balancing. Static balancing involves adjusting the balance blocks so the center of mass aligns with the axis of rotation, while dynamic balancing further requires the balance of mass distances from the axis. The experiments show a statically balanced system vibrating at higher speeds, while a dynamically balanced system remains balanced over a wide speed range.

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Muhammad Sheharyar Yousuf
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102 views4 pages

Experiment 9 & 10 (Static & Dynamic Balancing)

The document discusses static and dynamic balancing of rotating machinery. It describes an apparatus with a shaft and balance blocks that can be adjusted to demonstrate static versus dynamic balancing. Static balancing involves adjusting the balance blocks so the center of mass aligns with the axis of rotation, while dynamic balancing further requires the balance of mass distances from the axis. The experiments show a statically balanced system vibrating at higher speeds, while a dynamically balanced system remains balanced over a wide speed range.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Sheharyar Yousuf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Static And Dynamic Balancing

Objective:

The object of the experiments is to show static and dynamic balance

Apparatus Description:
The apparatus consists of a shaft driven by a variable
speed electric motor. The shaft has four balance
blocks which can be clamped at any angular and axial
position. The balance blocks can have additional
weights clamped in them to vary their weight. The
shaft has a circular scale and pointer, also a linear
scale is fitted to the chassis below the shaft. Weights
can be adjusted linearly as well as in circular
arrangement using these scales.
Figure 1: Static and
Dynamic Balancing
Apparatus

Introduction:
The balancing of rotating machinery is a common problem in engineering
that requires a solution. Balanced machines are quiet and impose a minimal load
on the machine elements and their surroundings. This has the economic benefits
of reducing the costs of both manufacture and operation of the machine. In
certain cases unless a machine is quiet, its operation may not be tolerable or even
permitted.
In real life though parts may be made to very high accuracies, none are ever
perfect. Thus parts which should have their centre of gravity on the axis of
rotation are often slightly eccentric. Sometimes this eccentricity and the out of
balance forces can be ignored. However it is usually necessary to determine the
position and magnitude of the out of balance force so that it may be corrected.
Then material may be either added to or removed from the part to compensate
and reduce the dynamic force to within an acceptable limit.
The eccentricity, e, is defined a distance between the centre of rotation
and the centre of gravity.

Unbalance refers to the center-ofgravity


of the rotor being out of alignment with its
center-of-rotation (eccentricity). If unbalanced,
centrifugal forces will generate vibration and
noise during rotation.
A common example is the lead weight
attached to the rim of a car wheel to balance it.
The weight is to compensate for the valve
assembly and also the manufacturing
differences in the wheel and tyre.

Balancing
Consider a rigid shaft rotating in bearings. The shaft carries masses m1...n
and radii r1...n and at axial distances z1...n from a fixed datum. Balance is achieved
by:-
(i) Taking moments about the axis of rotation, such that the summation
is equal to zero and

(ii) Taking moments about the fixed datum, such that the summation is
equal to zero

(i) Σ mn r n = 0 and (ii) Σ mn rn z = 0


n

for n = 1 to n = n.
Static balance is achieved if (i) is satisfied. Dynamic balance is achieved only
if both (i) and (ii) are satisfied.
Procedure:

Experiment One - Simple Static Balance


Clamp one block at 25mm and at zero degrees. Look down the face of
the block and sight the scale to get the axial position. Rotate the shaft by hand so
that the zero is by the cursor. If necessary hold the shaft drive pulley against the
bearing block. Position block 2 at 75mm and also at zero degrees. Then rotate the
shaft through 180 degrees and position blocks three and four at 125mm and
175mm respectively. Remove the drive belt and gently rotate the shaft by hand
and release. You should see that if this is repeated a few times the shaft has no
great affinity for stopping at any particular position. Now place the drive belt over
the pulleys and fit the guard. Ensure the emergency stop is released and press the
green button to apply power to the motor.
Gently and gradually increase the motor speed from rest. Be very careful! As the
shaft is only statically balanced, and NOT dynamically balanced; the system will
start to vibrate. Thus keep the speed to only 200 or 300 rpm or less, just sufficient
to show that the system is dynamically unbalanced.

Experiment Two - Simple Dynamic Balance


After conducting experiment one, reposition blocks 2 and four as follows.
Rotate block 2 so that it is at 180 degrees, i.e. the same as block three. Rotate
block 4 so that it is at zero degrees, i.e. the same as block one.
Now remove the drive belt and gently rotate the shaft by hand. Again
you will see that the shaft has no great affinity for stopping in a specific position.
Place the drive belt over the pulleys and fit the guard. Ensure the
emergency stop is released and press the green button to apply power to the
motor. Gently and gradually increase the motor speed from rest. Observe that the
system remains relatively motionless through a wide speed range.
Thus, the system is now both statically and dynamically balanced.
Comments:

Concluding Questions:
Q: 1 Why is that even precise manufacturing could not yield perfectly balanced
system?
Q: 2 Did dynamically balanced system showed any vibration? What is your
observation comparing it to statically balanced arrangement?
Q: 3 Ideally a dynamically balanced system should not show any vibration. Was
your case ideal?
Q: 4 What is eccentricity? How does it affect balance of a rotating body?

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