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Motion With Constant Acceleration - Problems and Solutions

1. The document provides examples of motion problems involving constant acceleration. It gives the relevant equations and shows the step-by-step workings to solve for variables like acceleration, time, distance, and final velocity. 2. Ten problems are presented with varying scenarios involving cars accelerating, decelerating, traveling at constant speeds, and one involving a police car chasing another car. 3. The solutions demonstrate using kinematic equations to analyze one-dimensional motion under constant acceleration.

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3K views6 pages

Motion With Constant Acceleration - Problems and Solutions

1. The document provides examples of motion problems involving constant acceleration. It gives the relevant equations and shows the step-by-step workings to solve for variables like acceleration, time, distance, and final velocity. 2. Ten problems are presented with varying scenarios involving cars accelerating, decelerating, traveling at constant speeds, and one involving a police car chasing another car. 3. The solutions demonstrate using kinematic equations to analyze one-dimensional motion under constant acceleration.

Uploaded by

San
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Motion with constant acceleration – problems and solutions

1. A car accelerates from rest to 20 m/s in 10 seconds. Determine the car's acceleration!
Solution
Known :
Initial velocity (vo) = 0 (rest)
Time interval (t) = 10 seconds
Final velocity (vt) = 20 m/s
Wanted : Acceleration (a)
Solution :
vt = vo + a t
20 = 0 + (a)(10)
20 = 10 a
a = 20 / 10

a = 2 m/s2
[irp]

2. A car is decelerating from 30 m/s to rest in 10 seconds. Determine car's acceleration.


Solution
Known :
Initial velocity (vo) = 30 m/s
Final velocity (vt) = 0
Time interval (t) = 10 seconds
Wanted : acceleration (a)
Solution :
vt = vo + a t
0 = 30 + (a)(10)
- 30 = 10 a
a = - 30 / 10

a = -3 m/s2
The negative sign appears because the final velocity is less than the initial velocity.
[irp]
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3. A car starts and accelerates at a constant 4 m/s2 in 1 second. Determine speed and
distance after 10 seconds.
Solution
(a) Speed

Acceleration 4 m/s2 means speed increase 4 m/s every 1 second. After 2 seconds, car's
speed is 8 m/s. After 10 seconds, car's speed is 40 m/s.
(b) Distance
Known :
Initial velocity (vo) = 0
Final velocity (vt) = 40 m/s

Acceleration (a) = 4 m/s2


Wanted : Distance
Solution :

s = vo t + ½ a t2 = 0 + ½ (4)(102) = (2)(100) = 200 meters


[irp]

4. A car travels at a constant 10 m/s, then decelerates at a constant 2 m/s 2 until rest.
Determine time elapsed and car's distance before rest.
Known :
Initial velocity (vo) = 10 m/s

Acceleration (a) = -2 m/s2 (The negative sign appears because the final velocity is less
than the initial velocity)
Final velocity (vt) = 0 (rest)
Wanted : Time interval and distance
Solution :
(a) Time interval (t)
vt = vo + a t
0 = 10 + (-2)(t)
0 = 10 – 2 t
10 = 2 t
t = 10 / 2 = 5 seconds
(b) Distance
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vt2 = vo2 + 2 a s

0 = 102 + 2(-2) s
0 = 100 – 4 s
100 = 4 s
s = 100 / 4 = 25 meters
[irp]

5. A car travels at 40 m/s, decelerates at a constant 4 m/s 2 until rest. Determine speed
and distance after decelerating in 10 seconds!
Solution
Known :
Initial velocity (vo) = 40 m/s

Acceleration (a) = -4 m/s2


Time interval (t) = 10 seconds
Wanted : final velocity (vt) and distance (s)
Solution :
(a) Final velocity
vt = vo + a t = 40 + (-4)(10) = 40 – 40 = 0 m/s
0 m/s means car rest.
(b) Distance

s = vo t + ½ a t2 = (40)(10) + ½ (-4)(102) = 400 + (-2)(100) = 400 – 200 = 200 meters


[irp]

6. Determine distance after 10 seconds!

Solution
Distance : s = v t = (10-0)(5-0) = (10)(5) = 50 meters
7. Determine distance after 4 seconds!
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Solution
Distance = square area + triangular area
Distance = (8-0)(8-0) + ½ (16-8)(8-0) = (8)(8) + ½ (8)(8) = 64 + 32 = 96 meters
8. Determine car's distance after 4 seconds!
Solution

Distance = triangular area = ½ (4-0)(8-0) = ½ (4)(8) = 16 meters


9. A car moves at 90 km/h past a police car that stops by the side of the road. One
minute later, the police car chases at 0.8 m/s2. How far the police car reaches the car?
Known :
The speed of car (v) = 90 km/hour = 90,000 meters / 3600 seconds = 25 meters/second
Time interval (t) = 1 minute = 60 seconds

Acceleration of police's car (a) = 0.8 m/s2


Initial velocity of police's car (vo) = 0 m/s
Wanted : Distance traveled by police's car
Solution :
The car moves at a constant velocity. Distance traveled by the car :
Initial distance :
s = v t = (25)(60) = 1500 meters
Final distance :
s = v t = (25)(t)
Total distance = 1500 + 25 t
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Police's car moving at a constant acceleration. Distance traveled by police's car :

s = vo t + ½ a t2 = (0)(t) + ½ (0.8)(t2) = 0 + 0.4 t2 = 0.4 t2


When the police's car reaches the the car, distance traveled by police's car same as
distance traveled by the car.
Distance traveled by car = distance traveled by police's car

1500 + 25 t = 0.4 t2

0.4 t2 – 25 t – 1500 = 0
Use quadratic formula :

Distance traveled by police's car :

s = 0.4 t2 = (0.4)(1002) = (0.4)(10,000) = 4000 meters = 4 km


10. A car moves at a constant 24 m/s brakes so that it has a constant deceleration of
0.952 m/s2. Determine the speed of the car after a distance of 250 meters.
Known :
Initial velocity (vo) = 24 m/s

Acceleration (a) = - 0.952 m/s2 (negative signed because deceleration)


Distance (d) = 250 meters
Wanted : Car's speed after 250 meters
Solution :
Known : initial speed (vo), acceleration (a), distance (d), wanted : final speed (v t) so use
the equation of vt2 = vo2 + 2 a d
vt = final velocity, vo = initial velocity, a = acceleration, d = distance
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vt2 = (24)2 + (2)(-0.952)(250)

vt2 = 576 – 476

vt2 = 100
vt = √100
vt = 10 m/s

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