Readings in Philippine History I

Readings in Philippine History
B.1
I.
1. For me, the title "Andres Bonifacio: Old Questions and New
Answers." refers to historical questions. Although they
already know the answers, there is insufficient evidence in
this case, therefore they are trying to figure out how to
provide the correct answer at this time.
2. The cedula's story, as presented in the article, is unclear.

Although our books today claim that it occurred during the
Revolution's first cry, some claim that it did not happen at
all, and others claim that it occurred twice in two
different locations. According to a report in the National
Archives, Bonifacio had the habit of carrying forged cedulas
in his pocket in order to inspire different groups by
tearing them in multiple places in front of different
audiences.
3. Gregoria de Jesus, also known as Oryang, is the wife of

Andres Bonifacio. She married Andres Bonifacio in March
1893, when she was only 18 years old. Most of what we know
about Andres and Oryang comes from the narration in Mga Tala
ng Aking Buhay, but then documents that have slept for a
century in the National Archives were brought to light by
feminist historian Fe Mangahas that make us think twice
about the reliability of memory in autobiographies. Oryang
was not married in March 1893, according to archival
documents, since she was imprisoned in a residence in
Binondo to keep her away from her boyfriend. They were
completely unaware that they were in the same location. On
October 6, 1893, Oryang scribbled a hasty note in pencil to
the Gobernadorcillo of Binondo, alleging that her parents
had imprisoned her and requesting justice. However, when her
parents learned of the petition, they immediately returned
her to Caloocan. On December 7, 1893, the residence on
Madrid Street was investigated, and when Oryang was not
found there, the long arm of the law went out even further.
On December 9, 1896, the gobernadorcillo of Caloocan issued
an order to locate Oryang, handed her to the gobernadorcillo
of Binondo, and provided her refuge in the Binondo home of
someone she could trust. Oryang was unable to appear before
the gobernadorcillo of Caloocan due to illness. A municipal
doctor was dispatched to examine her to see if she was being
held in the house against her will, and on December 14,
1896, Dr. Jose Hilario certified that she could not be moved
from her bed and that she was suffering from hysteria fits
and was anemic. Oryang wrote another letter from Caloocan on
January 8, 1894, stating that she was the one summoned by
the civil government of her appeal to the Tribunal de
Naturales of Binondo, but she was unable to appear due to
illness, and that now that she is well and strong enough,
she requests to be summoned again because her parents want
to take her away again.
4. No, because the word plebeian means commoner, and later the
term became negative, meaning someone of low birth, someone
who was ignoble, uncultured, or coarse. He may have had
humble beginnings, but he was not ignoble, uncultured, or
coarse.
II.
Spain established a centralized colonial government in
the Philippines that was composed of a national government and
the local governments that administered provinces, cities, towns
and municipalities. With the cooperation of the local governments
the national government maintained peace and order, collected
taxes and built schools and other public works. They implement
taxes not to control Filipinos. Taxes during the Spanish period
was compulsory. All the Spanish colonies in the Philippines were
required to pay taxes. The tribute was a form of taxation
implemented by the Spanish government in order to support
government and church operations. The Filipinos' binary conflict,
I believe, was their numerous arguments and agreements at the
time. Previously, we were under the jurisdiction of other
countries, particularly the Americans. They controlled us by
feeding us and assisting us with our daily needs, such as
clothing and other necessities. However, they have genuine goals
that have awful outcomes for Filipinos. Even though we are from
the same country, we disagree with each other's viewpoints.
Others agree with what foreigners accomplished for our country,
while others disagree. As a result, they are conversational
stoppers, serving only the interests of those who wish to impede
cooperation and advancement.

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Readings in Philippine History

2. The cedula's story, as presented in the article, is unclear.

3. Gregoria de Jesus, also known as Oryang, is the wife of

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