19-0191; Rev 1; 3/94

TION KIT
EVALUA
LE
AVAILAB
-5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable,
High-Efficiency, Low IQ Inverting DC-DC Controllers
_______________General Description ____________________________Features

MAX774/MAX775/MAX776
The MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 inverting switching ♦ 85% Efficiency for 5mA to 1A Load Currents
regulators deliver high efficiency over three decades of
load current. A unique current-limited, pulse- ♦ Up to 5W Output Power
frequency-modulated (PFM) control scheme provides ♦ 100µA Max Supply Current
the benefits of pulse-width modulation (high efficiency
with heavy loads), while using less than 100µA of sup- ♦ 5µA Max Shutdown Current
ply current (vs. 2mA to 10mA for PWM converters). The ♦ 3V to 16.5V Input Range
result is high efficiency over a wide range of loads.
♦ -5V (MAX774), -12V (MAX775), -15V (MAX776),
These ICs also use tiny external components; their high
switching frequency (up to 300kHz) allows for less than or Adjustable Output Voltage
5mm diameter surface-mount magnetics. ♦ Current-Limited PFM Control Scheme
The MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 accept input voltages from ♦ 300kHz Switching Frequency
3V to 16.5V, and have preset output voltages of
-5V, -12V, and -15V, respectively. Or, the output voltage
can be user-adjusted with two resistors. Maximum
VIN - VOUT differential voltage is limited only by the break- ______________Ordering Information
down voltage of the chosen external switch transistor. PART TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
These inverters use external P-channel MOSFET switch- MAX774CPA 0°C to +70°C 8 Plastic DIP
es, allowing them to power loads up to 5W. If less MAX774CSA 0°C to +70°C 8 SO
power is required, use the MAX764/MAX765/MAX766
MAX774C/D 0°C to +70°C Dice*
inverting switching regulators with on-board MOSFETs.
MAX774EPA -40°C to +85°C 8 Plastic DIP
________________________Applications MAX774ESA -40°C to +85°C 8 SO
LCD-Bias Generators MAX774MJA -55°C to +125°C 8 CERDIP

High-Efficiency DC-DC Converters Ordering Information continued on last page.

* Contact factory for dice specifications.
Battery-Powered Applications
Data Communicators

__________Typical Operating Circuit __________________Pin Configuration

INPUT TOP VIEW

3V TO 16V

V+

MAX774 CS OUT 1 8 GND

ON/OFF SHDN
P FB 2 7 EXT
EXT MAX774
OUTPUT
-5V MAX775
SHDN 3 6 CS
FB
MAX776
REF 4 5 V+

REF
DIP/SO
OUT
GND

________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1

Call toll free 1-800-998-8800 for free samples or literature.

 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable,
High-Efficiency, Low IQ Inverting DC-DC Controllers
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
MAX774/MAX775/MAX776

Supply Voltages Operating Temperature Ranges:

V+ to OUT ...........................................................................21V MAX77_C_ _ .........................................................0°C to +70°C
V+ to GND ..............................................................-0.3V, +17V MAX77_E_ _ ......................................................-40°C to +85°C
OUT to GND ........................................................-0.3V, to -17V MAX77_MJA ...................................................-55°C to +125°C
REF, SHDN, FB, CS...................................-0.3V to (V+ + 0.3V) Maximum Junction Temperatures:
EXT ...............................................(VOUT - 0.3V) to (V+ + 0.3V) MAX77_C_ _/E_ _ ...........................................................+150°C
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) MAX77_MJA..................................................................+175°C
Plastic DIP (derate 9.09mW/°C above +70°C) .............727mW Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +160°C
SO (derate 5.88mW/°C above +70°C) ..........................471mW Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) .............................+300°C
CERDIP (derate 8.00mW/°C above +70°C) ..................640mW

Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(V+ = 5V, ILOAD = 0mA, CREF = 0.1µF, TA = TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
V+ Input Voltage Range V+ 3.0 16.5 V
V+ = 16.5V, SHDN ≤ 0.4V (operating) 100
Supply Current V+ = 10V, SHDN ≥ 1.6V (shutdown) 2 5 µA
V+ = 16.5V, SHDN ≥ 1.6V (shutdown) 4
FB Trip Point 3V ≤ V+ ≤ 16.5V -10 10 mV
MAX77_C ±50
FB Input Current IFB MAX77_E ±70 nA
MAX77_M ±90
MAX774 -4.80 -5 -5.20
Output Voltage VOUT MAX775 -11.52 -12 -12.48 V
MAX776 -14.40 -15 -15.60
MAX77_C 1.4700 1.5 1.5300
Reference Voltage VREF IREF = 0µA MAX77_E 1.4625 1.5 1.5375 V
MAX77_M 1.4550 1.5 1.5450
MAX77_C/E 4 10
REF Load Regulation 0µA ≤ IREF ≤ 100µA mV
MAX77_M 4 15
REF Line Regulation 3V ≤ V+ ≤ 16.5V 40 100 µV/V
MAX774, 4V ≤ V+ ≤ 15V, ILOAD = 0.5A 0.035
Output Voltage Line Regulation
(Circuit of Figure 2— MAX775, 4V ≤ V+ ≤ 8V, ILOAD = 0.2A 0.088 mV/V
Bootstrapped) MAX776, 4V ≤ V+ ≤ 6V, ILOAD = 0.1A 0.137
MAX774, 0A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1A, V+ = 5V 1.5
Output Voltage Load Regulation
(Circuit of Figure 2— MAX775, 0mA ≤ ILOAD ≤ 500mA, V+ = 5V 1.5 mV/A
Bootstrapped) MAX776, 0mA ≤ ILOAD ≤ 400mA, V+ = 5V 1.0

2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable,
High-Efficiency, Low IQ Inverting DC-DC Controllers
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

MAX774/MAX775/MAX776
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Efficiency MAX774, V+ = 5V, ILOAD = 1A 82
(Circuit of Figure 2— MAX775, V+ = 5V, ILOAD = 500mA 88 %
Bootstrapped) MAX776, V+ = 5V, ILOAD = 400mA 87
SHDN Input Current V+ = 16.5V, SHDN = 0V or V+ ±1 µA
SHDN Input Voltage High VIH 3V ≤ V+ ≤ 16.5V 1.6 V
SHDN Input Voltage Low VIL 3V ≤ V+ ≤ 16.5V 0.4 V
Current-Limit Trip Level MAX77_C/E 180 210 240
VCS 3V ≤ V+ ≤ 16.5V mV
(V+ – CS) MAX77_M 160 210 260
CS Input Current ±1 µA
Switch Maximum On-Time tON (max) V+ = 12V 12 16 20 µs
Switch Minimum Off-Time tOFF (max) V+ = 12V 1.8 2.3 2.8 µs
EXT Rise Time CEXT = 1nF, V+ = 12V 50 ns
EXT Fall Time CEXT = 1nF, V+ = 12V 50 ns

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable,
High-Efficiency, Low IQ Inverting DC-DC Controllers
__________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics
MAX774/MAX775/MAX776

(TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

MAX774 MAX774
EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT MAX774
VOUT = -5V (BOOTSTRAPPED) VOUT = -5V (NON-BOOTSTRAPPED) EFFICIENCY vs. TEMPERATURE
90 90 90
MAX1774/5/6-01a

MA774/5/6--1b

MAX774/5/6-2
ILOAD = 100mA
VIN = 5V
VIN = 5V
80 80 80
VIN = 3V VIN = 4V ILOAD = 600mA
EFFICIENCY (%)

EFFICIENCY (%)

EFFICIENCY (%)
VIN = 15V ILOAD = 1A
70 70 VIN = 15V
70

60 60 60

VIN = 5V
BOOTSTRAPPED
50 50 50
1 10 100 1000 1 10 100 1000 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA) TEMPERATURE (°C)

MAX776 MAX776 MAX775

EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT EFFICIENCY vs. OUTPUT CURRENT
VOUT = -15V (BOOTSTRAPPED) VOUT = -15V (NON-BOOTSTRAPPED) VOUT = -12V (BOOTSTRAPPED)
90 90 90
MA774/5/6-1c

MA774/5/6-1d

MA774/5/6--1e
VIN = 6V

VIN = 5V
80 VIN = 5V 80 80
VIN = 5V VIN = 4V VIN = 8V
EFFICIENCY (%)

EFFICIENCY (%)

EFFICIENCY (%)

VIN = 4V
VIN = 15V VIN = 6V
VIN = 3V VIN = 4V
70 70 70

60 60 60

50 50 50
1 10 100 1000 1 10 100 1000 1 10 100 1000
LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA) OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 MAX774

EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT EFFICIENCY vs. LOAD CURRENT EFFICIENCY vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
VOUT = -24V (NON-BOOTSTRAPPED) VOUT = -24V OUTPUT (ZENER CONNECTION) VOUT = -5V AT 100mA
90 90 88
MA774/5/6--1g
MA774/5/6--1f

MAX774/5/6-3

VIN = 6V
VIN = 6V VIN = 5V
86
VIN = 5V BOOTSTRAPPED
80 80
84
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)
EFFICIENCY (%)

VIN = 4V
VIN = 4V
82
70 70
80
NON-BOOTSTRAPPED
78
60 60
76
VOUT = -5V AT 100mA
50 50 74
1 10 100 1000 1 10 100 1000 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA) INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable,
High-Efficiency, Low IQ Inverting DC-DC Controllers
_____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)

MAX774/MAX775/MAX776
(TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

START-UP VOLTAGE START-UP VOLTAGE MAX774

vs. LOAD CURRENT (BOOTSTRAPPED) vs. LOAD CURRENT (NON-BOOTSTRAPPED) MAXIMUM LOAD vs. INPUT VOLTAGE
5.0 5.0 2200
MA744/5/6-14

MAX774/5/6-16
MA744/5/6-15
VOUT = -5V
VOUT = -15V VOUT = -12V
2000
4.5 4.5
VOUT = -15V
START-UP VOLTAGE (V)

START-UP VOLTAGE (V)

1800

LOAD CURRENT (mA)

VOUT = -12V BOOTSTRAPPED
4.0 4.0 1600
VOUT = -24V

3.5 3.5 1400

VOUT = -5V
1200
3.0 3.0 NON-BOOTSTRAPPED
VOUT = -5V
1000

2.5 2.5 800

1 10 100 1000 0.1 1 10 100 1000 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
LOAD CURRENT (mA) LOAD CURRENT (mA) INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

EXT RISE AND FALL TIMES EXT RISE AND FALL TIMES
vs. TEMPERATURE vs. TEMPERATURE SWITCH ON-TIME vs. TEMPERATURE
130 500 17

MAX761-13
MAX774/5/6-9

MAX774/5/6-10

CEXT = 1nF CEXT = 5nF V+ = 5V

120 450
110
400
100 5V RISE
5V RISE
tRISE & tFALL (ns)

tRISE & tFALL (ns)

90 350
ton (µs)

80 300
5V FALL 16
70 250
60 5V FALL
12V RISE 200
50 12V RISE
150
40
12V FALL 100 12V FALL
30
20 50 15
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 -60 0 60 120
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C)

SHUTDOWN CURRENT
SWITCH OFF-TIME vs. TEMPERATURE SWITCH ON-TIME/OFF-TIME RATIO vs. TEMPERATURE
2.5 8.0 4.0
MAX774/5/6-7
MAX774/5/6-6
MAX761-13

V+ = 5V V+ = 5V
7.8
3.5
7.6
3.0
tON/tOFF RATIO (µs/µs)

7.4
7.2 2.5
ICC (µA)
tOFF (µs)

V+ = 15V
2.0 7.0 2.0
6.8 1.5
6.6
1.0 V+ = 8V
6.4
6.2 0.5
V+ = 4V
1.5 6.0 0
-60 0 60 120 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C)

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable,
High-Efficiency, Low IQ Inverting DC-DC Controllers
_____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
MAX774/MAX775/MAX776

(TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

OPERATING SUPPLY CURRENT REFERENCE

vs. TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT
80 1.506

MAX774/5/6-8

MAX774/5/6-12
V+ = 16.5V
78 1.504

REFERENCE OUTPUT (V)

76 1.502
V+ = 10V
ICC (µA)

74 1.500

72 1.498
V+ = 3V
70 1.496

68 1.494

66 1.492
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C)

REFERENCE
CS TRIP LEVEL OUTPUT RESISTANCE
235 250
MAX774/5/6-11

MAX774/5/6-13
230
REFERENCE OUTPUT RESISTANCE (Ω)

225 200
220
CS TRIP LEVEL (mV)

IREF = 10µA
215 150
210 IREF = 50µA

205 100
200
195 50
190 IREF = 100µA

185 0
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C)

6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable,
High-Efficiency, Low IQ Inverting DC-DC Controllers
__________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics

MAX774/MAX775/MAX776
(TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

OPERATING WAVEFORMS INDUCTOR CURRENT NEAR FULL LOAD

A
1A/div

0A

10µs/div 20µs/div
CIRCUIT OF FIGURE 2 CIRCUIT OF FIGURE 2
V+ = 6.5V, ILOAD = 1A, VOUT = -5V VOUT = -5V, V+ = 4.7V
A: OUTPUT RIPPLE, 200mV/div ILOAD = 1.05A (1A/div)
B: EXT WAVEFORM, 10V/div
C: INDUCTOR CURRENT, 2A/div

CONTINUOUS CONDUCTION
AT ONE-HALF CURRENT LIMIT ENTRY/EXIT FROM SHUTDOWN

1A/div B

0A

20µs/div 2ms/div
CIRCUIT OF FIGURE 2 CIRCUIT OF FIGURE 2
ILOAD = 300mA, VOUT = -5V V+ = 6V, ILOAD = 1A, VOUT = -5V
V+ = 8V, L = 22µH A: SHUTDOWN PULSE, 0V TO V+, 5V/div
B: VOUT, 2V/div

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable,
High-Efficiency, Low IQ Inverting DC-DC Controllers
____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
MAX774/MAX775/MAX776

(TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)

LOAD-TRANSIENT RESPONSE LINE-TRANSIENT RESPONSE

A A

100µs/div 2ms/div
CIRCUIT OF FIGURE 2 CIRCUIT OF FIGURE 2
V+ = 6V, VOUT = -5V VOUT = -5V, ILOAD = 1A
A: ILOAD, 30mA TO 1A, 1A/div A: V+, 3V TO 8V, 5V/div
B: VOUT, 100mV/div, AC-COUPLED B: VOUT, 100mV/div, AC-COUPLED

______________________________________________________________Pin Description
PIN NAME FUNCTION

The sense input for fixed-output operation (VFB = VREF). OUT is connected to the internal voltage divider,
1 OUT
and it is the negative supply input for the EXT driver.

Feedback input. When VFB = VREF, the output will be the factory preset value. For adjustable operation,
2 FB
use an external voltage divider, as described in the Adjustable Output section.

Active-high shutdown input. With SHDN high, the part is in shutdown mode and the supply current is less
3 SHDN
than 5µA. Connect to GND for normal operation.

4 REF 1.5V reference output that can source 100µA. Bypass to ground with 0.1µF.

5 V+ Positive power-supply input

6 CS Noninverting input to the current-sense comparator. Typical trip level is 210mV (relative to V+).

7 EXT The gate-drive output for an external P-channel power MOSFET. EXT swings from OUT to V+.

8 GND Ground

8 _______________________________________________________________________________________
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable,
High-Efficiency, Low IQ Inverting DC-DC Controllers

MAX774/MAX775/MAX776
V+ FB

MODE
COMPARATOR

REF
50mV MAX774
MAX775
SHDN MAX776
ERROR
COMPARATOR OUT

N
1.5V
REFERENCE

Q TRIG
ONE-SHOT FROM V+

EXT
S Q

TRIG Q FROM OUT

R CURRENT
ONE-SHOT COMPARATOR CS

0.1V
CURRENT 0.2V (HALF
CONTROL CIRCUITS (FULL CURRENT)
CURRENT) FROM
V+

GND

Figure 1. Block Diagram

_______________Detailed Description As with traditional PFM converters, the external

P-channel MOSFET power transistor is turned on when
The MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 are negative-output,
the voltage comparator senses that the output is below
inverting power controllers that can be configured to drive
the reference voltage. However, unlike traditional PFM
an external P-channel MOSFET. The output voltages are
converters, switching is controlled by the combination
preset to -5V (MAX774), -12V (MAX775), or -15V
of a switch current limit (210mV/R SENSE ) and
(MAX776). Additionally, all three parts can be set to any
on-time/off-time limits set by one-shots. Once turned
desired output voltage using an external resistor divider.
on, the MOSFET stays on until:
The MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 have a unique control 1) the 16µs maximum on-time limit is reached
scheme (Figure 1) that combines the advantage of or
pulse-skipping, pulse-frequency-modulation (PFM) 2) the switch current reaches its limit (as set by the
converters (ultra-low supply current) with the advan-
current-sense resistor).
tage of pulse-width-modulation (PWM) converters (high
efficiency with heavy loads). This control scheme Once off, the switch is typically held off for a minimum of
allows the devices to achieve 85% efficiency with loads 2.3µs. It will stay off until the output drops below the level
from 5mA to 1A. determined by VREF and the feedback divider network.

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable,
High-Efficiency, Low IQ Inverting DC-DC Controllers
MAX774/MAX775/MAX776

VIN
VIN
1 5
1 OUT 5 OUT V+
V+
C1 C2 R2 R3
R1 3 0.07Ω
150µF 0.1µF 0.07Ω SHDN MAX774
MAX774
3 MAX775 CS 6 Q1
SHDN MAX775 CS 6 Q1 C1 C2 2
150µF 0.1µF
FB MAX776 7 Si9435
2 MAX776 7 Si9435 EXT P
FB EXT P R1 VOUT
VOUT 4
4 REF
REF GND 1N5822/
GND 1N5822/ L1
L1 C4* C3 8 MBR340
C3 8 MBR340 22µH
22µH 0.1µF
0.1µF C4*

* MAX774 = 330µF, 10V * MAX774 = 330µF, 10V

MAX775, MAX776 = 120µF, 20V MAX775, MAX776 = 120µF, 20V

OUTPUT INPUT OUTPUT Figure 4. Non-Bootstrapped Operation (VIN > 4.5V)

PRODUCT
VOLTAGE (V) VOLTAGE (V) CURRENT (A)
MAX774 -5 3 to 15 1
the MOSFET off, and the current limit remains at one-half
MAX775 -12 3 to 8 0.5
the peak current limit. If the output voltage is out of
MAX776 -15 3 to 5 0.4
regulation after two consecutive pulses, the current limit
NOTE: Si9435 HAS VGS OF 20V MAX for the next pulse will equal the full current limit.
With heavy loads, the MOSFET first switches twice at
Figure 2. Bootstrapped Connection Using Fixed Output one-half the peak current value. Subsequently, it stays
Voltages on until the switch current reaches the full current limit,
and then turns off. After it is off for 2.3µs, the MOSFET
switches on once more, and remains on until the switch
VIN current again reaches its limit. This cycle repeats until
the output is in regulation.
1 OUT V+ 5 A benefit of this control scheme is that it is highly effi-
R2 R3 cient over a wide range of input/output ratios and load
3 SHDN MAX774 0.07Ω
C1 C2
currents. Additionally, PFM converters do not operate
MAX775 CS 6 Q1 with constant-frequency switching, and have relaxed
150µF 0.1µF 2
FB MAX776 7
Si9435 stability criterion (unlike PWM converters). As a result,
EXT P
R1 VOUT their external components require smaller values.
4
REF With PFM converters, the output voltage ripple is not
GND 1N5822/
L1 MBR340 concentrated at the oscillator frequency (as it is with
C3 8
22µH
0.1µF C4* PWM converters). So for applications where the ripple
frequency is important, the PWM control scheme must
* MAX774 = 330µF, 10V be used. However, for many other applications, the
MAX775, MAX776 = 120µF, 20V smaller capacitors and lower supply current of the PFM
control scheme make it the better choice. The output
Figure 3. Bootstrapped Connection Using External Feedback voltage ripple with the MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 can
Resistors be held quite low. For example, using the circuit of
Figure 2, only 100mV of output ripple is produced when
generating a -5V at 1A output from a +5V input.
With light loads, the MOSFET switches on for one or
more cycles and then switches off, much like in tradi- Bootstrapped vs.
tional PFM converters. To increase light-load efficiency, Non-Bootstrapped Operation
the current limit for the first two pulses is set to one-half Figures 2 and 3 are the standard application circuits for
the peak current limit. If those pulses bring the output bootstrapped mode, and Figure 4 is the circuit for non-
voltage into regulation, the voltage comparator keeps bootstrapped mode. Since EXT is powered by OUT,

10 ______________________________________________________________________________________
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable,
High-Efficiency, Low IQ Inverting DC-DC Controllers
tions, you should see a short current pulse at half the

MAX774/MAX775/MAX776
0.1µF VOUT peak current approximately every 100ms (the exact
period depends on actual circuit leakages).
RZ
EXT Drive Voltages
1 8
EXT swings from OUT to V+ and provides the drive out-
OUT GND put for an external power MOSFET. When using the on-
R2 chip feedback resistors for the preset output voltages,
MAX774
the voltage at OUT equals the output voltage. When
2 MAX775 using external feedback resistors, OUT may be tied to
FB
MAX776 GND or some other potential between VOUT and GND.
R1
4 Always observe the V+ to OUT absolute maximum rat-
REF ing of 21V. For V+ to output differentials greater than
0.1µF
21V, OUT must be tied to a potential more positive than
the output and, therefore, the output voltage must be
6V ≤ VZ + VIN ≤ 10V
set with an external resistor divider.
VOUT – VZ
> IZ In non-bootstrapped operation with low input voltages
RZ
IZ = ZENER BREAKDOWN CURRENT (<4V), tie OUT to a negative voltage to fully enhance the
VZ = ZENER BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE external MOSFET. Accomplish this by creating an inter-
VIN = INPUT SUPPLY VOLTAGE mediate voltage for VOUT with a zener diode (Figure 5).
Figure 5. Connection Using Zener Diode to Boost Base Drive __________________Design Procedure
Setting the Output Voltage
using bootstrapped or non-bootstrapped mode will The MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 are preset for -5V, -12V,
directly affect the gate drive to the FET. EXT swings and -15V output voltages, respectively; however, they
from V+ to VOUT. In bootstrapped operation, OUT is may also be adjusted to other values with an external
connected to the output voltage (-5V, -12V, -15V). In voltage divider. For the preset output voltage, connect
non-bootstrapped operation, OUT is connected to FB to REF and connect OUT to the output (Figure 3). In
ground, and EXT now swings from V+ to ground. this case, the output voltage is sensed by OUT.
At high input-to-output differentials, it may be neces- For an adjustable output (Figures 3 and 4), connect an
sary to use non-bootstrapped mode to avoid the 21V external resistor divider from the output voltage to FB,
V+ to VOUT maximum rating. Also, observe the V GS and from FB to REF. In this case, the divided-down
maximum rating of the external transistor. At intermedi- output voltage is sensed via the FB pin.
ate voltages and currents, the advantages of boot- There are three reasons to use the external resistor divider:
strapped vs. non-bootstrapped operation are slight. 1) You desire an output voltage other than a preset
When input voltages are less than about 4V, always use
value
the bootstrapped circuit.
2) The input-to-output differential exceeds 21V
Shutdown and Quiescent Current or
The MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 are designed to save 3) The output voltage (VOUT to GND) exceeds -15V.
power in battery-powered applications. A TTL/CMOS For adjustable operation, refer to Figures 3 and 4. The
logic-level shutdown input (SHDN) has been provided impedance of the feedback network should be low
for the lowest-power applications. When shut down enough that the input bias current of FB is not a factor.
(SHDN = V+), most internal bias current sources and For best efficiency and precision, allow 10µA to flow
the reference are turned off so that less than 5µA of through the network. Calculate (V REF - VFB) / R1 =
current is drawn. 10µA. Since VREF = 1.5V and VFB = 0V, R1 becomes
In normal operation, the quiescent current will be less 150kΩ. Then calculate R2 as follows:
than 100µA. However, this current is measured by R2 _______
___ VOUT
=
forcing the external switch transistor off. Even with no R1 VREF
load, in an actual application, additional current will be
drawn to supply the feedback resistors’ and the diode’s (or, ______
VOUT = 10µA)
and capacitor’s leakage current. Under no-load condi- R2

______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable,
High-Efficiency, Low IQ Inverting DC-DC Controllers
MAX774/MAX775/MAX776

2500 1000

MAX775-fig6

MAX775-FIG07
RSENSE = 0.05Ω VOUT = -12V
MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

RSENSE = 0.06Ω

MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

2000 800 RSENSE = 0.05Ω
RSENSE = 0.06Ω
1500 RSENSE = 0.07Ω
600

1000 400
RSENSE = 0.07Ω
RSENSE = 0.08Ω
500 200 RSENSE = 0.08Ω
RSENSE = 0.09Ω
RSENSE = 0.09Ω
VOUT = -5V
0 0
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
INPUT VOLTAGE (V) INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

Figure 6. MAX774 Maximum Output Current vs. Input Voltage Figure 7. MAX775 Maximum Output Current vs. Input Voltage
(VOUT = -5V) (VOUT = -12V)

Choosing an Inductor minimize radiated noise, use a torroid, pot-core, or shield-

Practical inductor values range from 10µH to 50µH. ed-bobbin inductor. Inductors with a ferrite core or equiv-
The maximum inductor value is not particularly critical. alent are recommended. Make sure that the inductor’s
For highest current at high VOUT  to V+ ratios, the saturation current rating is greater than ILIM(max).
inductor should not be so large that the peak current
never reaches the current limit. That is: Diode Selection
The ICs’ high switching frequencies demand a high-
[V+(min) - VSW(max)] x 12µs speed rectifier. Schottky diodes such as the 1N5817 to
L(max) ≤ _______________________________
ILIM(max) 1N5822 families are recommended. Choose a diode
This is only important if with an average current rating approximately equal to
or greater than ILIM (max) and a voltage rating higher
VIN 1 t OFF(min) than VIN(max) + VOUT. For high-temperature applica-
_______ < —
= ___________ tions, Schottky diodes may be inadequate due to their
VOUT 6 t ON(max)
high leakage currents; instead, high-speed silicon
More important is that the inductor not be so small that the diodes may be used. At heavy loads and high temper-
current rises much faster than the current-limit comparator ature, the benefits of a Schottky diode’s low forward
can respond. This would be wasteful and reduce effi- voltage may outweigh the disadvantages of its high
ciency. Calculate the minimum inductor value as follows: leakage current.
[V+(max) - VSW(min)] x 0.3µs
L(min) ≥ _______________________________ Current-Sense Resistor
δ(I) x ILIM(min) The current-sense resistor limits the peak switch cur-
Where L is in µH, 0.3µs is an ample time for the com- rent to 210mV/RSENSE, where RSENSE is the value of
parator response, ILIM is the current limit (see Current- the current-sense resistor, and 210mV is the current-
Sense Resistor section), and δ(I) is the allowable per- sense comparator threshold (see Current-Limit Trip
centage of overshoot. As an example, Figure 2's circuit Level in the Electrical Characteristics).
uses a 3A peak current. If we allow a 15% overshoot To maximize efficiency and reduce the size and cost of
and 15V is the maximum input voltage, then L(min) is external components, minimize the peak current.
16µH. The actual value of L above this limit has minimal However, since the output current is a function of the
effect on this circuit's operation. peak current, do not set the limit too low. Refer to
For highest efficiency, use a coil with low DC resistance. Figures 6–9 to determine the sense resistor (and, there-
Coils with 30mΩ or lower resistance are available. To fore, peak current) for the required load current.

12 ______________________________________________________________________________________
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable,
High-Efficiency, Low IQ Inverting DC-DC Controllers

MAX774/MAX775/MAX776
700 800

MAX776-FIG08

MAX776-FIG09
VOUT = -15V VOUT = -24V
RSENSE = 0.05Ω
MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

MAXIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

600 RSENSE = 0.05Ω
RSENSE = 0.06Ω
600 RSENSE = 0.06Ω
RSENSE = 0.07Ω
500 RSENSE = 0.07Ω

400 400

300
200
200 RSENSE = 0.08Ω RSENSE = 0.08Ω
RSENSE = 0.09Ω RSENSE = 0.09Ω
100 0
3 4 5 6 7 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
INPUT VOLTAGE (V) INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

Figure 8. MAX776 Maximum Output Current vs. Input Voltage Figure 9. MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 Maximum Output Current
(VOUT = -15V) vs. Input Voltage (VOUT = -24V)

To choose the proper current-sense resistor, simply fol- resistors. If you want to use through-hole resistors, IRC
low the two-step procedure outlined below. has a wire resistor that is simply a band of metal
1) Determine: shaped as a “U” so that inductance is less than 10nH
• Input voltage range, V+ (an order of magnitude less than metal-film resistors).
• Maximum (absolute) output voltage, VOUT These are available in resistance values between
• Maximum output current, ILOAD 5mΩ and 0.1Ω.
For example, let V+ range from 4V to 6V, and choose External Switching Transistor
VOUT = -24V and IOUT = 150mA. The MAX774/MAX775/MAX776 are capable of driving
2) Next, referring to Figure 9, find the curve with the P-channel enhancement-mode MOSFET transistors only.
lowest current limit whose output current (with the The choice of power transistor is dictated by input and
lowest input voltage) meets your requirements. output voltage, peak current rating, on resistance, gate-
source threshold, and gate capacitance. The drain-to-
In our example, we want a curve where IOUT is >150mA source rating must be greater than the V+ - V OUT
with a 4V input and a -24V output. input-to-output voltage differential. The gate-to-source
The RSENSE = 80mΩ (shown in Figure 9) shows only rating must be greater than V+ (the source voltage) plus
approximately 125mA of output current with a 4V input, the absolute value of the most negative swing of EXT.
so we look next at the RSENSE = 70mΩ line. It shows For bootstrapped operation, the most negative swing of
IOUT >150mA for V+ = 4V and VOUT = -24V. The cur- EXT is VOUT. In non-bootstrapped operation, this may
rent limit will be 0.210V / 0.070Ω = 3A. These curves be ground or some other negative voltage. Gate capac-
take into account worst-case inductor (±10%) and itance is not normally a limiting factor, but values should
current-sense trip levels, but not sense-resistor toler- be less than 1nF for best efficiency. For maximum effi-
ance. The switch on resistance is 70mΩ. ciency, the MOSFET should have a very low on resis-
Standard wire-wound and metal-film resistors have tance at the peak current and be capable of handling
an inductance high enough to degrade performance. that current. The transistor chosen for the typical oper-
Metal-film resistors are usually deposited on a ceramic ating circuit has a 30V drain-source voltage limit and a
rod in a spiral, making their inductances relatively high. 0.07Ω drain-source on resistance at VGS = -10V.
Surface-mount (or chip) resistors have very little induc- Table 1 lists suppliers of switching transistors suitable
tance and are well suited for use as current-sense for use with the MAX774/MAX775/MAX776.

______________________________________________________________________________________ 13
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable,
High-Efficiency, Low IQ Inverting DC-DC Controllers
typically maintains 120mV p-p output ripple when
MAX774/MAX775/MAX776

Table 1. Component Suppliers

generating -5V at 1A from a 5V input. Smaller capaci-
SUPPLIER PHONE FAX tors are acceptable for lighter loads or in applications
INDUCTORS that can tolerate higher output ripple.
Coiltronics (407) 241-7876 (407) 241-9339 The value of C4 is chosen such that it acquires as
Gowanda (716) 532-2234 (716) 532-2702 small a charge as possible during the switch on-time.
Sumida USA (708) 956-0666 (708) 956-0702 The amount of ripple as a function of capacitance is
give by:
Sumida Japan 81-3-3607-5111 81-3-3607-5144
VOUT x IOUT x ESR IOUT x tOFF(min)
CAPACITORS ∆Vp-p = _____________________ + _________________
VIN C
Kemet (803) 963-6300 (803) 963-6322
Matsuo (714) 969-2491 (714) 960-6492 When evaluating this equation, be sure to use the
Nichicon (708) 843-7500 (708) 843-2798 capacitance value at the switching frequency. At
200kHz, the 330µF tantalum capacitor of Figures 2, 3,
Sanyo USA (619) 661-6835 (619) 661-1055
or 4 may degrade by a factor of ten, which will signifi-
Sanyo Japan 81-7-2070-6306 81-7-2070-1174 cantly alter the ripple voltage calculation.
Sprague (603) 224-1961 (603) 224-1430
The ESR of both the bypass and filter capacitors also
United Chemi-Con (714) 255-9500 (714) 255-9400 affects efficiency. Best performance is obtained by
DIODES doubling up on the filter capacitors or using low-ESR
Motorola (800) 521-6274 (602) 952-4190 capacitors. Capacitors must have a ripple current rat-
Nihon USA (805) 867-2555 (805) 867-2556
ing equal to the peak current.
Nihon Japan 81-3-3494-7411 81-3-3494-7414 The smallest low-ESR SMT capacitors currently avail-
able are the Sprague 595D series. Sanyo OS-CON
POWER MOSFETS
organic semiconductor through-hole capacitors also
Harris (407) 724-3729 (407) 724-3937 exhibit low ESR and are especially effective at low tem-
International Rectifier (310) 322-3331 (310) 322-3332 peratures. Table 1 lists the phone numbers of these
Siliconix (408) 988-8000 (408) 970-3950 and other manufacturers.
CURRENT-SENSE RESISTORS PC Layout and Grounding
IRC (704) 264-8861 (704) 264-8866 Due to high current levels and fast switching wave-
forms, proper PC board layout is essential. Use a star
ground configuration; connect the ground lead of the
Capacitors
input bypass capacitor, the output capacitor, the induc-
Choose the output capacitor (C4 of Figures 2, 3, and 4)
tor, and the GND pin of the MAX774/MAX775/MAX776
to be consistent with your size, ripple, and output volt-
at a common point very close to the device. Addi-
age requirements. Place capacitors in parallel if the
tionally, input capacitor C2 (Figures 3 and 4) should be
size you want is unobtainable. You will not only
placed extremely close to the device.
increase the capacitance, but also decrease the
capacitor’s ESR (a major contributor of ripple). A If an external resistor divider is used (Figures 3 and 4),
330µF tantalum output filter capacitor with 0.07Ω ESR the trace from FB to the resistors must be extremely short.

14 ______________________________________________________________________________________
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable,
High-Efficiency, Low IQ Inverting DC-DC Controllers
_Ordering Information (continued) ___________________Chip Topography

MAX774/MAX775/MAX776
PART TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE OUT GND
MAX775CPA 0°C to +70°C 8 Plastic DIP
MAX775CSA 0°C to +70°C 8 SO
MAX775C/D 0°C to +70°C Dice*
MAX775EPA -40°C to +85°C 8 Plastic DIP
EXT
MAX775ESA -40°C to +85°C 8 SO
MAX775MJA -55°C to +125°C 8 CERDIP FB
MAX776CPA 0°C to +70°C 8 Plastic DIP .109"
MAX776CSA 0°C to +70°C 8 SO (2.769mm)
MAX776C/D 0°C to +70°C Dice*
MAX776EPA -40°C to +85°C 8 Plastic DIP CS
MAX776ESA -40°C to +85°C 8 SO SHDN

MAX776MJA -55°C to +125°C 8 CERDIP

* Contact factory for dice specifications.
REF V+

0.080
(2.032mm)

TRANSISTOR COUNT: 442;

SUBSTRATE CONNECTED TO V+.

________________________________________________________Package Information
INCHES MILLIMETERS
DIM
MIN MAX MIN MAX
A 0.053 0.069 1.35 1.75
A1 0.004 0.010 0.10 0.25
B 0.014 0.019 0.35 0.49
C 0.007 0.010 0.19 0.25
D 0.189 0.197 4.80 5.00
E H E 0.150 0.157 3.80 4.00
e 0.050 BSC 1.27 BSC
H 0.228 0.244 5.80 6.20
h 0.010 0.020 0.25 0.50
L 0.016 0.050 0.40 1.27
α 0˚ 8˚ 0˚ 8˚
21-325A

D h x 45˚
α
A
0.127mm 8-PIN PLASTIC
0.004in.
e
A1
SMALL-OUTLINE
C L PACKAGE
B

______________________________________________________________________________________ 15
 -5V/-12V/-15V or Adjustable,
High-Efficiency, Low IQ Inverting DC-DC Controllers
________________________________________________________Package Information
MAX774/MAX775/MAX776

INCHES MILLIMETERS
D1 DIM
MIN MAX MIN MAX
A – 0.200 – 5.08
A1 0.015 – 0.38 –
A2 0.125 0.175 3.18 4.45
A3 0.055 0.080 1.40 2.03
B 0.016 0.022 0.41 0.56
B1 0.050 0.065 1.27 1.65
C 0.008 0.012 0.20 0.30
D 0.348 0.390 8.84 9.91
E
D1 0.005 0.035 0.13 0.89
E1 E 0.300 0.325 7.62 8.26
D
E1 0.240 0.280 6.10 7.11
A3 e 0.100 BSC 2.54 BSC
A2 eA 0.300 BSC 7.62 BSC
A eB – 0.400 – 10.16
L 0.115 0.150 2.92 3.81
α 0˚ 15˚ 0˚ 15˚
21-324A
L A1 α
8-PIN PLASTIC
C DUAL-IN-LINE
e
B1 eA
B
PACKAGE
eB

INCHES MILLIMETERS
DIM
MIN MAX MIN MAX
A – 0.200 – 5.08
S1 S
B 0.014 0.023 0.36 0.58
B1 0.038 0.065 0.97 1.65
B2 0.023 0.045 0.58 1.14
C 0.008 0.015 0.20 0.38
D – 0.405 – 10.29
E 0.220 0.310 5.59 7.87
E1 0.290 0.320 7.37 8.13
E1 e 0.100 BSC 2.54 BSC
D
L 0.125 0.200 3.18 5.08
E L1 0.150 – 3.81 –
A B2
Q 0.015 0.060 0.38 1.52
S – 0.055 – 1.40
S1 0.005 – 0.13 –
α 0˚ 15˚ 0˚ 15˚
21-326D
Q α

L L1
e C 8-PIN CERAMIC
B1 DUAL-IN-LINE
B
PACKAGE

Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.

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