12

NAME:__________________________________________
GRADE/SECTION:______________________________

General Physics 1
Semester I – Week 4
Uniformly Accelerated
Linear Motion

CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY
General Physics 1 – Grade 12
Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets (CLAS)
Quarter I - Week 4: Uniformly Accelerated Linear Motion
First Edition, 2020

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 Let’s Try
Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided before the number.

_________ 1. A person walks 23 kilometers for 5.5 hours. What is the person’s average
velocity in meter per second?
A. 1.1 m/s B. 1.2 m/s C. 1.3 m/s D. 1.4 m/s

_________ 2. A bicycle is going 5 kph and accelerates uniformly to a velocity of 18 kph in

45 minutes. What is the acceleration of the bicycle?
A. 8.22 km/hr2 C. 14.44 km/hr2
B. 11.34 km/hr 2 D. 17.33 km/hr2

_________ 3. Calculate the distance traveled by the bicycle in item 2 during the given 45
minutes.
A. 8.6 km B. 9.3 km C. 12.7 km D. 14.0 km

_________ 4. An object is dropped from the top of a 115-meter skyscraper. How long will it
take the object to reach the ground?
A. 1.35 s B. 2.2 s C. 4.84 s D. 7.12 s

_________ 5. What will be the velocity of the object in number 4 as it hits the ground?
A. 47.5 m/s B. 52.6 m/s C. 61.13 m/s D. 73.23 m/s

_________ 6. An object is thrown straight upwards with an initial velocity of 37 m/s. How
high will it go?
A. 35.22 m B. 42.16m C. 64.44 m D. 69.85 m

_________ 7. How long will the object in number 6 spent before it reaches the highest
point?
A. 1.5 s B. 2.75 s C. 3.78 s D. 4.43 s

_________ 8. Given the velocity vs. time graph shown:

Calculate the object’s deceleration.

A. -0.5 m/s2 B. -0.75 m/s2 C. -1.0 m/s2 D. -1.25 m/s2

_________ 9. What is the distance covered by a falling brick for 2.6s?

A. 15 m B. 25.5 m C. 33 m D. 66 m

1
_________ 10. Given the velocity vs. time graph shown:

Which part of the graph has a displacement (x) of equal to 400 m?

A. I B. II C. III D. IV

_________ 11. Which part of the graph in number 10 has a displacement (x) of equal to
112.5 m?
A. IV B. V C. VI D. VII

_________ 12. Which parts of the graph in number 10 have negative acceleration?
A. V and VII B. IV and VI C. III and V D. II and IV

_________ 13. Calculate the total distance (xT) shown in the graph in number 10.
A. 1240 m B. 1560 m C. 1750 m D. 2020 m

_________ 14. A man dropped a coin from the top of a building. The coin is in free fall for
1.53s. What is the height of the building?
A. 11.5 s B. 15 s C. 25 s D. 30 s
_________ 15. What is the velocity of the coin from question 14 after 1.53s?
A. 11.5 m B. 15 m C. 25 m D. 30 m

2
 Lesson 1
Uniformly Accelerated Linear Motion –
Along Horizontal

MELCs:
1. Convert a verbal description of a physical situation involving uniform acceleration in one
dimension into a mathematical description (STEM_GP12Kin-Ib-12)
2. Interpret displacement and velocity, respectively, as areas under velocity vs. time and
acceleration vs. time curves (STEM_GP12Kin-Ib-14)
3. Interpret velocity and acceleration, respectively, as slopes of position vs. time and
velocity vs. time curves (STEM_GP12Kin-Ib-15)
4. Construct velocity vs. time and acceleration vs. time graphs, respectively, corresponding
to a given position vs. time-graph and velocity vs. time graph and vice versa
(STEM_GP12Kin-lb-16)
Objectives:
1. Derive kinematics equations for uniformly accelerated motion – along horizontal
2. Interpret and construct graphs for uniformly accelerated linear motion – along
horizontal
3. Solve problems involving uniformly accelerated linear motion – along horizontal by
converting the problem into mathematical description.

Let’s Explore and Discover

In ancient times, motions are described as natural or chaotic. Examples of natural
motions are trees swaying back and forth because of wind, floating logs carried by river
currents, and rolling boulders downhill. Motions that are not cause by natural phenomena
are referred to as chaotic. Thankfully, in sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Galileo
Galilei and Isaac Newton contributed a great deal of understanding motions.
The field of studying motion is called mechanics and it is divided into two parts; the
part that describes how objects move is called kinematics and the part that explains why
the object move is called dynamics.
Uniformly accelerated linear motion (UALM) means that the object is moving with
uniform acceleration on a straight path, either along horizontal or along vertical, this is also
referred to as translational or one-dimensional motion. This lesson focuses on
kinematics of one-dimensional motion along horizontal.
Kinematics Quantities and Equations
Kinematics are using quantities and equations to describe motion. Some of which are the
following:
Quantities Descriptions Equations
Average Speed is the total distance travelled by the object in a given
period of time. It is a scalar quantity. The units for
v = d/t
speed could be m/s, km/hr (kph), mi/hr (mph), and
other measurements of length all over time.
Average velocity is the rate of change of the object’s displacement. It
is a vector quantity. The units are the same with v = x/t
average speed but with a direction. The equation for
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 average velocity is only used when the object is not
accelerating.
Average acceleration is the rate of change of the object’s velocity.
Acceleration is caused by the changes in velocity. Δv
The three ways of changing velocities are: 1.) a=
t
Increasing Velocity, when the object is getting
vf − vi
faster; 2.) Decreasing Velocity, when the object is a=
t
slowing down; and 3.) When the object changes
direction (Projectile and Circular Motion)
Average velocity When the object is in uniform acceleration, average
velocity can be computed by adding the final velocity vf + vi
v=
to initial velocity and then divided by 2 (2 addends 2
vf and vi).

Sample Problem 1. The van carrying Delos Santos family went to the Municipality of Narra
from Puerto Princesa City. They travel the total distance of 99 kilometers
for 2 hours. What is the van’s average speed in kph and in m/s?
Given: x = 99 km; t = 2 hours
Unknown: Average speed (v)
Formula: v = d/t
Calculate: v = 99 km / 2 hr
Answer: v = 49.5 km/hr or 49.5 kph
Convert: 49.5 km
x
1000 m
x
1 hr
=
𝟏𝟑.𝟕𝟓 𝐦
hr 1 km 3600 s 𝐬
Conclusion: The average speed of the van is 49.5 kph or 13.75 m/s.

Sample Problem 2. A tricycle is travelling from Junction 1 Kilometer-Zero to the North along
San Pedro National Highway. It started from rest and covered a
distance of 5 meters just after one second. It then maintains covering
five meters every second for another twenty seconds. How far have it
travelled after 21 seconds?
Given: v = 5 m/s ; t = 21 s
Unknown: Displacement (x)
x
Formula: v = t cross multiply x = vt
Calculate: x = (5 m/s) (21s)
Answer: x = 105 m
Conclusion: The tricycle has travelled 105 meters after 21 seconds of running
with constant velocity of 5 m/s.

Sample Problem 3. A car started from rest in front of Provincial Capitol along Rizal Avenue
and headed towards East. It travels 2.5 meters after the first second,
then another 7.5 meters after the second seconds, then another 12.5
meters after the third seconds, and finally another 17.5 meters after the
fourth seconds.
A.) What is the final velocity of the car after 4 seconds?
B.) What is the magnitude of the car’s average acceleration?
Given: t = 4 s ; vi = 0
x = 2.5 m + 7.5 m + 12.5 m + 17.5 m = 40 m
Unknown: A. Final velocity after 4 s (vf)
Formula: v +v v +v
x = vt ; v = f i → x = ( f i)t 2 2
2x
= vf + vi
t
2x 2x
vf = – vi since vi = 0, vf =
t t

4
 Calculate: vf =
2 (40m)
(4 s)
Answer: vf = 20 m/s
Conclusion: The final velocity of the car after 4 seconds is 20 m/s.
Unknown: B. Average acceleration (a)
v −v
Formula: a= f i
t
m
Calculate: 20 s − 0
a=
4s
Answer: a = 5 m/s2
Conclusion: The average acceleration of the car is 5 m/s 2.

Sample Problem 4. An airplane accelerates from rest to a speed of 115 m/s on a 480 m
runway before taking off. (A.) What is the acceleration of the airplane.?
(B.) How long did it take the plane before airborne?
Given: vi = 0 ; vf = 0 ; x = 480 m
Unknown: A. Acceleration of the airplane (a)
v +v v +v
Formula: 1. x = vt ; v = f 2 i → x = ( f 2 i)t
1. Substitute the value of v from
vf − vi vf − vi
2. a = →t= the 2nd equation to the 1st
t a
vf + vi vf − vi vf + vi vf − vi one.
3. x = ( )t ; t = →x=( )( ) 2. Derive t from the acceleration
2 a 2 a
vf2 − vi2 equation.
4. x = 3. Substitute the value of t from
2a
vf2 − vi2 the equation in step 2 to the
Derive a from x = , equation we got in step 1.
2a
vf2 − vi2 4. Multiply the two terms.
2ax = vf2 – vi2 → a =
2x
m
Calculate: (115 s )2 −(0) 13225 m2 1
a= →a= x 960 m
2 (480 m) s2
Answer: a = 13.78 m/s2
Conclusion: The average acceleration of the airplane is 13.78 m/s2.
Unknown: B. The time before the plane takes off (t)
vf − vi
Formula: Derive t from a = ,
t
vf − vi
at = vf − vi → t =
a
m
Calculate: 115 s − 0
t=
13.78 m/s2
Answer: t = 8.35 s
Conclusion: It took 8.35 seconds before the plane go airborne.

Sample Problem 5. A car takes 12 seconds to go from rest to 26 m/s at constant acceleration.
A.) Calculate the car’s acceleration, and B.) How far did the car travel
within this period of time?
Given: t = 12 s ; vi = 0 ; vf = 26 m/s
Unknown: A. Acceleration of the car (a)
v −v
Formula: a= f i
t
m
Calculate: 26 s − 0
a=
12 s
Answer: a = 2.17 m/s2
Conclusion: The average acceleration of the car is 2.17 m/s2.
Unknown: B. Displacement (x)

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 vf + vi vf + vi
Formula: 1. x = vt ; v = →x=( )t 1. Substitute the value of v from the
2 2
vf − vi 2nd equation to the 1st one.
2. a = → at = vf – vi → vf = vi + at 2. Derive vf from the acceleration
t
𝐯𝐟 + vi (vi + at)+ vi equation.
3. x = ( )t ; vf = vi + at → x = ( )t 3. Substitute the value of vf from
2 2
2vi + at 2vi t + at2 the equation in step 2 to the
4. x = ( )t → x = ( ) equation we got in step 1.
2 2
1 1 4. Combine like terms and cancel 2
5. x = vit + at2 since vi = 0, x = at2
2 2 from the first term.
5. Simplify the equation.

Calculate: 𝑚
(2.17 2 )(12 𝑠)2 312.48 m
x= 𝑠
→x=
2 2
Answer: x = 156.24 m
Conclusion: The total displacement of the car before it came to a full stop is
156.24 m.

Graphical Construction of Uniformly Accelerated Linear Motion (UALM)

Uniformly accelerated linear motion can be interpreted and analyzed by constructing
graphs.
Sample Problem 3. A car started from rest in front of Provincial Capitol along Rizal Avenue
and headed towards East. It travels 2.5 meters after the first second,
then another 7.5 meters after the second seconds, then another 12.5
meters after the third seconds, and finally another 17.5 meters after the
fourth seconds.
Uniform Distance Covered Total Distance
Time Velocity
Acceleration per Second Covered
0 s 0 m/s2 0 m/s 0m 0m
1 s 5 m/s2 5 m/s 2.5 m 2.5 m
2 s 5 m/s2 10 m/s 7.5 m 10 m
3 s 5 m/s2 15 m/s 12. 5 m 22.5 m
4 s 5 m/s2 20 m/s 17.5 m 40 m

The car has a uniform acceleration of 5 m/s2 which resulted to an increasing velocity
of 5 m/s for every second. The increasing speed resulted in increasing distance travelled by
the car for every additional second. The last column is the total distance covered by the car;
it is the sum of adding the present distance to the previous ones.
Based on the information presented in the table for the uniformly accelerated motion
of the car, study the following constructed graphs:

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Graphical Interpretation of Uniformly Accelerated Linear Motion (UALM)
Graphs Interpretations
Displacement vs Time
• The object is moving with constant velocity.
• It is not accelerating.
• If you try to calculate for the object’s velocity for
each second, you will always get the same
magnitude.
• Example: v = x/t
At time 1 second, v = 5 m / 1 s = 5 m/s
At time 2 seconds, v = 10 m / 2 s = 5 m/s
At time 3 seconds, v = 15 m / 3 s = 5 m/s

Distance vs Time

• The object is at x = 25 m
• It is at rest or not moving for 8 seconds
• The graph shows that the time is running but the
object remains at meter 25.

Distance vs Time • The object is going back to where it came from.

• The total displacement is zero when the object
came back at the same spot where it started.
• It is moving with constant velocity
• Example of v = x/t
At time 1 second, the object goes back from 40
meters to 35 meters = -5 m, therefore v = -5 m / 1
s = -5 m/s
At time 2 seconds, the object has traveled back
from 40 m to 30 m = -10 m
v = -10 m / 2 s = -5 m/s
• At time 1 s, initial displacement is 40 and the final
displacement is 35, ∆x = xf - xi, this is why
displacement is negative in the solutions.
Velocity vs Time
• The graph shows three different motions of the
object: first is when the object is accelerating or
speeding up, then second is when the object is at
constant velocity or not speeding up nor slowing
down, and the third part is when it is slowing down
or decelerating.
• The object is in constant acceleration from zero to
10 seconds until it reaches its velocity of 40 m/s
• At time 10 seconds to 40 seconds, the object is in
constant velocity of 40 m/s

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 • It started to slow down after 40 seconds,
decelerating, until it came to a full stop at 50
seconds.
Displacement vs Time

• At time zero to 10 seconds, the object is in

constant velocity.
• At time 10 s to 40 s, the object is at rest.
• At time 40 s to 50 s, the object is going back to
where it started with constant velocity.

Let’s Practice

Directions: Follow the steps given in solving word problems.

Problem 1: An ambulance running with constant acceleration covers the distance between
the corner at Massway-San Jose to corner of Adventist Hospital, 1770 meters
apart, in 87 seconds. Its speed as it passes Adventist Hospital is 27 m/s.
A.) What is its speed at Massway-San Jose corner? B.) What is its acceleration?
Given:

Unknown A:

Formula:

Calculate:

Answer:

Conclusion:

8
 Unknown B:

Formula:

Calculate:

Answer:

Conclusion:

Directions: Follow the steps given in solving word problems.

Problem 2: A bus carrying locally stranded individuals is at rest along San Miguel National
Highway in front of Mercado de San Miguel. It then follow one of the escort vehicle
with an acceleration of 1.08 m/s2 for 25 seconds, then maintain its velocity for
another 53 seconds before it started to slows down and finally stops at National
High Way in front of Go Hotel after another 18 seconds. What is the total
displacement of the bus?

Given:

Unknown A: The displacement (x1) of the bus for the first 25 seconds.
Formula:

Calculate:

Answer:
Conclusion:

Unknown B: The final velocity of (vf) the first 25 seconds.

Formula:

Calculate:

9
Answer:
Conclusion:

Unknown C: The displacement (x2) of the next 53 seconds.

Formula:

Calculate:

Answer:
Conclusion:

Unknown D: The deceleration (-a) of the bus as it slows down for the remaining 18
seconds.
Formula:

Calculate:

Answer:
Conclusion:

Unknown E: The displacement (x3) of the bus for the last 18 seconds.
Formula:

Calculate:

Answer:
Conclusion:

Unknown F: The summation of displacements (xT)

Formula:

Calculate:

Answer:
Conclusion:

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 Let’s Do More

Activity 2: Solve the Graph

Directions: Study the given graph and solve for the given problem.

Graph Interpretation
• The graph shows three different
motions of the object: first is when the
object is accelerating or speeding up,
then second is when the object is at
constant velocity or not speeding up nor
slowing down, and the third part is
when it is slowing down or decelerating.
• The object is in constant acceleration
from zero to 10 seconds until it reaches
its velocity of 40 m/s
• At time 10 seconds to 40 seconds, the
object is in constant velocity of 40 m/s
• It started to slow down after 40 seconds,
decelerating, until it came to a full stop
at 50 seconds.

Based on the graph presented, calculate the total following:

A. a = from t = 0 to t = 10 s D. a = from t 40 s to t = 50 s
B. x1 = from t = 0 to t = 10 s E. x3 = from t 40 s to t = 50 s
C. x2 = from t = 10 s to t = 40 s F. xT = summation of x1, x2, and x3
Given: Refer to the information in the graph.
Unknown A:

Formula:

Calculate:

Answer:

Conclusion:

Unknown B:

Formula:

Calculate:

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Answer:

Conclusion:

Unknown C:

Formula:

Calculate:

Answer:

Conclusion:

Unknown D:

Formula:

Calculate:

Answer:

Conclusion:

Unknown E:

Formula:

Calculate:

Answer:

Conclusion:

Unknown F:

Formula:

Calculate:

Answer:

Conclusion:

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Directions: Refer to the problem in Let’s Practice Activity 2 and graph the motion of the
object.
Problem 2: A bus carrying locally stranded individuals is at rest along San Miguel National
Highway in front of Mercado de San Miguel. It then follows one of the escort
vehicles with an acceleration of 1.08 m/s2 for 25 seconds, then maintain its
velocity for another 53 seconds before it started to slows down and finally stops
at National High Way in front of Go Hotel after another 18 seconds. What is the
total displacement of the bus?
Velocity VS Time Graph of the motion of the bus:

Let’s Sum It Up
Directions: Choose the best answer and provide a very short explanation why after the
graph.
1. How does a graph of displacement and time looks like when the object is in constant
acceleration?
Answer: _____
a. c. Explanation:
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
b. d.
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________

13
2. How does a graph of displacement and time looks like when the object is in constant
velocity?
Answer: _____
Explanation:
a. c. ________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
b. d. ________________________________
________________________________
________________________________

3. How does a graph of displacement and time looks like when the object is at rest?
Answer: _____
a. c. Explanation:
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
b. d.
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________

14
 Lesson 2
Uniformly Accelerated Linear Motion
Along Vertical
MELCs:
1. Solve for unknown quantities in equations involving one-dimensional motion uniformly
accelerated motion, including free fall motion (STEM_GPKin-lb-17)
2. Solve problems involving one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration in contexts
such as, but not limited to, the “tail-gating phenomenon”, pursuit, rocket launch, and
free-fall problems (STEM_GP12Kin-lb-19)

Objectives:
1. Discuss free fall
2. Derive kinematics equations for uniformly accelerated linear motion – along vertical
3. Discuss and perform a simple activity for reaction time
4. Solve problems involving uniformly accelerated linear motion – along vertical by
converting the problem into mathematical description.

Let’s Explore and Discover

Uniformly accelerated linear motion along vertical is easier compared to motion along
horizontal because the acceleration along vertical is constant and is equal to 9.8 m/s2.
What is “acceleration due to gravity?”
It is the Law of Nature that this planet Earth keeps pulling
objects downward and toward its center from a reasonable
height in space. It is called the gravitational pull of the planet
resulted to what we popularly named as “the free fall”.
Everything is always freely falling down. We benefited from this
natural phenomenon for we are safely grounded all the time or
else we are floating up in space. But human beings are creative
and find ways on how to elevate from the ground, we fly
spaceships, we climb mountains, and we build skyscrapers.
Study how acceleration due to gravity works when we drop
object from the top of a skyscraper:
The object started from zero velocity at time zero and gets
faster or increases its speed every second as it falls freely. The
acceleration due to gravity increases the speed of falling object
by 9.8 m/s every second, thus, 9.8 m/s2.
After 3 seconds of falling the object gains the speed of 29.4
m/s, it is equivalent to 105.84 kilometer-per-hour and 58.8 m/s
after 6 seconds is equivalent to 211.68 kilometer-per-hour.

15
 All objects, living and nonliving, big or small, heavy or light will fall at the same rate
when all other outside forces such as air resistance are absent. In a vacuum, feather and
metallic-nail fall at same time because the only force that affects them in there is gravity.
You may try dropping a 5-peso coin and a piece of spread paper at the same time from
the same height. The 5-peso coin will hit the floor first because air resistance is acting on
the spread piece of paper. But try to crumple the paper and shape it like a ball and once
again drop them both at the same time from the same height. Make sure to minimize air
resistance for both of them and they will hit the floor at the same time.

In this lesson you must fully understand the use of the words “drop” and “throw”
before we dig further and solve free fall problems and rocket launch. To “drop” means to let
the object fall freely without initial velocity and let gravity do its thing. Just as like the object
illustrated in What’s In. Something that is being “dropped” means that the object is coming
from a certain height (y). You cannot drop object from below to the top, can you? But if you
have to, Physics choose to use the word “throw”. You can throw object upward and you can
throw object downward. “Throwing” means you apply force to let go of the object from your
hand and that force gives the object its initial velocity.
What is the difference between the object being thrown downward and upward?
Object that is being thrown downward receives an initial velocity from the applied
force of the thrower and as it leaves the thrower’s hand it will begin to accelerate by 9.8
m/s2. If for example, the object is thrown downward with an initial velocity of 15 m/s,
after one second its speed increases by 9.8 m/s and becomes 24.8 m/s.
Objects that are being thrown upward must be applied with force and given its initial
velocity, otherwise it will not move vertically upward. You may think that this is no longer
free falling. The object that is being thrown upward will lose all its applied force upward
because of the pull of gravity. The object thrown upward is losing speed by the same rate
of 9.8 m/s every second until all is gone, zero velocity. And what comes after that moment?
It will go back to freely falling again, and when it did, it will start to gain speed again, 9.8
m/s for each second until it finally goes back to where it started.
Kinematics Quantities and Equations for UALM along Vertical
Motions along vertical uses the same Kinematics quantities and equations except
that the distance is change with height, displacement is along y, and the magnitude of
acceleration is the constant ag 9.8 m/s2.
Quantities Horizontal Vertical
Average velocity v = x/t v = y/t
Average acceleration Δv 𝛥𝑣
a= ag =
t 𝑡
vf − vi vf − vi
a= ag =
t t
Average velocity vf + vi vf + vi
v= v=
2 2

Deriving Kinematics Equations for Displacement (y)

Study the following procedures in deriving kinematics equations for displacement
with uniformly accelerated motion along vertical:
Kinematics Equations
y = vt y = vt
vf + vi vf + vi
y=( )t y=( )t
2 2
(vi +ag t)+ vi vf + vi vf − vi
y=( )t y=( )( )
2 2 ag

16
 2vi +ag t 𝐯𝐟𝟐 − 𝐯𝐢𝟐
y=( )t y=
2 𝟐𝐚𝐠
2vi t+ag t2
y=( )
2
2vi t ag t2
y= +
2 2
2vi t ag t2
y= +
2 2
𝐚𝐠 𝐭 𝟐
y = vit +
𝟐

Problem Solving Using Kinematics Equation for UALM-AV

Sample Problem 1. A ball is dropped from the top of the building. It is observed to hit the
ground in 3.2 seconds. How high is the building and what is its final
velocity just before it hits the ground?
Given: vi = 0; t = 3.2 s; ag = -9.8 m/s2 (negative because the object is falling down)
Unknown: A. The height of the building (y)?
Formula: ag t2 𝐚𝐠 𝐭 𝟐
y = vit + since initial velocity is zero: y =
2 𝟐
m
Calculate: (−9.8 2 )(3.2s)2
s
y=
2
Answer: y = - 50.2 m (the reference of the motion is from top going down)
Conclusion: The height of the building is 50.2 m.
Unknown: B. The final velocity of the ball (vf)?
Formula: vf = vi + agt
vi = 0
vf = agt
Calculate: vf = (-9.8 m/s2) (3.2 s)
Answer: vf = -31.36 m/s (going down velocity)
Conclusion: The final velocity of the ball just before hitting the ground is 31.36 m/s

Sample Problem 2. A girl throws a rock down the cliff with initial velocity of 8 m/s. The rock
splashes on water after 3 seconds. How high is the cliff? And how fast
is the rock before hitting the water?
Given: vi = -8 m/s (downward); t = 3 s;
ag = -9.8 m/s2 (negative because the object is falling down)
Unknown: A. How high is the cliff (y)?
Formula: 𝐚𝐠 𝐭 𝟐
y = vit +
𝟐
m
Calculate: (−9.8 2 )(3 s)2
s
y = (-8 m/s) (3 s) +
2
Answer: y = -68.1 m (the reference of the motion is from top going down)
Conclusion: The cliff is 68.1 m high.
Unknown: B. How fast is the rock before hitting the water (vf)?
Formula: vf = vi + agt
Calculate: vf = -8m/s + (-9.8 m/s2) (3 s)
vf = -8m/s + (-29.4 m/s)
Answer: vf = -37.4 m/s (going down velocity)
Conclusion: The final velocity of the rock just before hitting the surface of the water
is 37.4 m/s
17
Sample Problem 3. The baseball vertically flown upward to its maximum height of 18 m
after hitting by the batter and then fall back down straight once again.
What is its velocity when it leaves the bat and how long have it stayed
in the air?
Given: vf = 0 (at its maximum height its velocity turns into zero)
y = 18 m; ag = -9.8 m/s2 (still negative because the object is decreasing in v)
Unknown: A. What is the baseball’s initial velocity (v i)?
Formula: vf2 − vi2
y= → vi2 = vf2 – 2agy
2ag
Calculate: vi2 = 0 – 2 (-9.8m/s2) (18 m)
vi2 = 0 – (-352.8 m2/s2)
vi2 = 352.8 m2/s2
vi = √352.8 m2/s2
Answer: vi = 18.78 m/s
Conclusion: The initial velocity of the baseball is 18.78 m/s.
Unknown: B. How long has the baseball stayed in the air (tT)?
Formula: vf − vi vf − vi
ag = ( ) → t= ( )
t ag
Calculate: 0 − 18.78 m/s
t= ( )
−9.8 m/s2
Answer: t1 = 1.92 s → this is the time that the baseball goes up
t1 = 1.92 s → the equal time of going up is the time when the baseball falls
back down (time symmetry)
tT = t1 + t2 = 3.84 s
Conclusion: The total time that the baseball stayed in the air is 3.84 s.

Let’s Practice

Directions: Fill up the magnitude of velocity for each time of the following thrown
downward and thrown upward object.

18
Activity: Reaction Time
If you are driving any form of transportation, it is a must to know your reaction time.
Follow the instruction carefully and report your reaction time to your Physics Teacher.
Materials: Meter Stick or ruler and tape measure, somebody to hold the stick
Procedures:
1. Ask someone to hold the stick on its top tip.
2. Position the bottom-tip or the ZERO COUNT of the stick
between your thumb and other four-fingers.
3. Make sure there is a space between your fingers and the
stick.
4. Ask him or her not to tell you when he or she will drop
the stick.
5. Catch the stick when she or he let it go.
6. Measure the length between the previous position of
your hand and its final position when you catch it.
7. Solve for the time it took you to catch the stick using
the following formula:
ag t2
y = v it +
2
vi = zero
ag t2 𝟐𝐲
y= → tr2 =
2 𝐚𝐠

Length on the stick: _____ Your reaction time: _____

Calculation:

19
 Let’s Do More

Directions: Follow the steps given in solving word problems.

Problem 1: A boy dropped a pebble down a water well and he heard water splashing after
3.5 seconds. (A) How deep is the well? (B) What is the velocity of the pebble
halfway between the edge of the well and the surface of the water?
Given:

Unknown A:
Formula:

Calculate:

Answer:
Conclusion:

Unknown B:
Formula:

Calculate:

Answer:
Conclusion:

Directions: Follow the steps given in solving word problems.

Problem 2: A volleyball was tossed straight upward in the air with an initial velocity of 8.0
m/s. A.) How long will the volleyball stay in the air? B.) How high will the
volleyball reach up in the air?
Given:

Unknown A:
Formula:

Calculate:

20
 Answer:
Conclusion:

Unknown B:
Formula:

Calculate:

Answer:
Conclusion:

Let’s Sum It Up

Directions: Answer the following questions briefly.

1. Suppose you hold a book in one hand and a flat sheet of paper in another hand. You
drop them both, and they fall to the ground. Explain why the falling book is a good
example of free fall, but the paper is not.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Suppose you throw a ball straight up into the air. Describe the changes in the velocity
of the ball. Describe the changes in the acceleration of the ball.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

21
 Let’s Assess
Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided before the number.

_________ 1. A person walks 23 kilometers for 5.5 hours. What is the person’s average
velocity in meter per second?
A. 1.1 m/s B. 1.2 m/s C. 1.3 m/s D. 1.4 m/s

_________ 2. A bicycle is going 5 kph and accelerates uniformly to a velocity of 18 kph in

45 minutes. What is the acceleration of the bicycle?
A. 8.22 km/hr2 C. 14.44 km/hr2
B. 11.34 km/hr2 D. 17.33 km/hr2

_________ 3. Calculate the distance traveled by the bicycle in item 2 during the given 45
minutes.
A. 8.6 km B. 9.3 km C. 12.7 km D. 14.0 km

_________ 4. An object is dropped from the top of a 115-meter skyscraper. How long will it
take the object to reach the ground?
A. 1.35 s B. 2.2 s C. 4.84 s D. 7.12 s

_________ 5. What will be the velocity of the object in number 4 as it hits the ground?
A. 47.5 m/s B. 52.6 m/s C. 61.13 m/s D. 73.23 m/s

_________ 6. An object is thrown straight upwards with an initial velocity of 37 m/s. How
high will it go?
A. 35.22 m B. 42.16m C. 64.44 m D. 69.85 m

_________ 7. How long will the object in number 6 spent before it reaches the highest
point?
A. 1.5 s B. 2.75 s C. 3.78 s D. 4.43 s

_________ 8. Given the velocity vs. time graph shown:

Calculate the object’s deceleration.

A. -0.5 m/s2 B. -0.75 m/s2 C. -1.0 m/s2 D. -1.25 m/s2

_________ 9. What is the distance covered by a falling brick for 2.6s?

A. 15 m B. 25.5 m C. 33 m D. 66 m

22
_________ 10. Given the velocity vs. time graph shown:

Which part of the graph has a displacement (x) of equal to 400 m?

A. I B. II C. III D. IV

_________ 11. Which part of the graph in number 10 has a displacement (x) of equal to
112.5 m?
A. IV B. V C. VI D. VII

_________ 12. Which parts of the graph in number 10 have negative acceleration?
A. V and VII B. IV and VI C. III and V D. II and IV

_________ 13. Calculate the total distance (xT) shown in the graph in number 10.
A. 1240 m B. 1560 m C. 1750 m D. 2020 m

_________ 14. A man dropped a coin from the top of a building. The coin is in free fall for
1.53s. What is the height of the building?
A. 11.5 s B. 15 s C. 25 s D. 30 s
_________ 15. What is the velocity of the coin from question 14 after 1.53s?
A. 11.5 m B. 15 m C. 25 m D. 30 m

23
 Answer Key

Let’s Try LESSON 1 LESSON 1 LESSON 1 LESSON 1 LESSON 1

1. B Let’s Practice 1 Let’s Practice 2 Let’s Do More 1 Let’s Do More 2 Let’s Sum It Up
2. D
3. A a. vo = 13.69 m/s x1 = 337.5 m A. 4 m/s2 1. A
4. C b. a = 0.153 m/s2 vf = 27 m/s B. 200 m 2. C
5. A x2 = 1 431 m C. 1 200 m 3. B
6. D a = -1.5 m/s2 D. -4 m/s2
7. C x3 = 243 m E. 1 000 m
8. B xt = 2 011.5 m F. 2 400 m
9. C
10. B
11. D
12. A
13. C
14. B
15. A

LESSON 2 LESSON 2 LESSON 2 LESSON 2 LESSON 2 Let’s Assess

Let’s Practice 1 Let’s Practice 2 Let’s Do More 1 Let’s Do More 2 Let’s Sum It Up 1. B
2. D
Thrown Downward Answers may A. 60 m 1. 1.63 s 1. The paper’s 3. A
1. 5 m/s 2. 3.27 s motion is disrupted
vary B. 34.3 m/s 4. C
by air resistance.
2. 14.8 m/s 2. As it goes up, the 5. A
3. 24.6 m/s velocity decreases. 6. D
4. 34.4 m/s As it goes down, the
7. C
velocity increases.
Acceleration is 8. B
Upward constant. 9. C
1. 49 m/s 10. B
2. 39.2 m/s 11. D
3. 29.4 m/s 12. A
4. 19.6 m/s 13. C
5. 9.8 m/s 14. B
6. 0 15. A

24
 References

Giancoli, Douglas C. Physics Principles with Applications. 7th ed. 9 North Buona Vista Drive
#13-01 The Metropolis Tower One, Singapore 138588: Pearson Education. 2016.
Halpern, Alvin. 3,000 Solved Problems in Physics. 1st ed. United States of America:
McGrawhill. 2011.
Ibrahim, Imran. Integrated Science Physics A Topical Course Assessment for Lower
Secondary Levels. 1st ed. 219 Henderson Road #10-04, Henderson Industrial Park,
Singapore159556: Singapore Asia Publishers. 2011.
Pancella, Paul V., and Marc Humphrey. Idiot’s Guides As Easy As It Gets! Physics. 1st ed.
375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA: Penguin Random House.
2015.
Rooney, Anne. How the World Works Physics from Natural Philosophy to the Enigma of
Dark Matter. 1st ed. 26/27 Bickels Yard, 151-153 Bermondsey Street, London:
Arcturus Publishing. 2017.
Wolf, Jonathan S. Easy Physics STEP-BY-STEP. 1st ed. United States of America:
McGrawhill. 2013.
Young, Hugh D. et al. College Physics. 7th ed. 58 Kalayaan St., Diliman, Quezon City,
Philippines: Addison-Wesley Publishing. 1992.

25
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