1.

Data
Everywhere
Summary
Data

Collection of facts, can include numbers, pictures,

videos, observations, etc. More and more data is
being created.

Data Analysis

The collection, transformation, and organization of

data in order to draw conclusions, make predictions,
and drive informed decision making.
Data analysis

Collection Transformation Organization

Data Analyst
Someone who collects, transforms, and organizes data in
order to help make informed decisions.
Data analysts can tap into power of data to gain valuable
insights, verify their theories and assumptions, better
understand opportunities and challenes , support an
objectif, help make plans, etc.
Data analysis

Collection
Transformation
Organization

FOR WHAT?
Conclusions, predictions, etc.
Data

Collection of facts, can include numbers, pictures,

videos, observations, etc. More and more data is
being created.

Data Analysis

The collection, transformation, and organization of

data in order to draw conclusions, make predictions,
and drive informed decision making.
Processes of data
Analysis

1. ASK

2. PREPARE

3. PROCESS

4. ANALYZE

5. SHARE

6. ACT
Why businesses need data analysis ?

Businesses need ton control that data so they can use

it to:
Improve processes

Identify opportunities and trends

Launch new products

Serve customers

Make thoughful decisions

Analysts turn data into
insights.
That's how they help
businesses
Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a group of elements that interacts
with one another

Data lives inside its ecosystem

too

Data Ecosystem

Various elements that interact with one another to

produce, manage, store, organize, analyse, and
share data.
Data Scientist
Vs
Data Analyst
[ One is cool + The other is cool as much]

Data Science
Creating new ways of modeling and understanding
the unknown by using raw data. Data scientists
create new questions using data.

Data analysts
Analysts find answers to existing questions by
creating insights from data sources.
Data Analytics
Vs
Data Analysis

 DATA ANALYSIS
DATA ANALYTICS

ANALYTICS
Science of data. It's a very broad
ANALYSIS concept that encompasses
everything from the job of
The collection, transformation managing and using data to the
and organization of data in tools and methods that
order to draw conclusions, data workers use each and every
make predictions, and drive day. So when you think about data,
informed decision making data analysis and the data
ecosystem, it's important
to understand that all of these
things fit under the data
analytics umbrella.
Data + business knowledge =
mystery solved
Try asking yourself these questions about a project to
help find the perfect balance:

What kind of results are needed?

Who will be informed?

Am I answering the question being asked?

How quickly does a decision need to be made?

 Data + business knowledge =
mystery solved
Rush project : you might need to rely on your own
knowledge and experience more than usual. There just
isn’t enough time to thoroughly analyze all of the
available data.
Plenty of time project + ressources : be more data-
driven.
And the more you practice, the better you will get at
finding that perfect blend.
Analytical
skills
Analytical skills are qualities and
characteristics associated with solving
problems using facts.
There are a lot of aspects to
analytical skills, we'll focus on 5
essential points

Curiosity
Understanding context
Having a technical mindest
Data design
Data strategy
 1. Curiosity

Curiosity is all about wanting to learn something

new, curious people usually seek out new
experiences and challenges

2. Understanding context

Context is the condition in which something

exists or happens. Listening and trying to
understand the full picture is critical
3. Technical mindset

A technical mindset involves the ability to break

things down into smaller steps or pieces and
work with them in an orderly and logical way.

4. Data design

It is how you organize information. As a data

analyst, design typically has to do with a
database.
5. Data strategy

Data strategy is the management of people, processes

and tools used in data analysis.
You manage people by making sure they know how

to use the right data, to find solutions to the problem

you're working on.
For processes it's by making sure the path to that

solution is clear and accessible.

For tools, you make sure the right technology is being

used for the job

Exemple of data strategy

Imagine mowing a lawn.

Step 1 would be reading the owner's manual for the mower.
That's making sure the people involved, or you, in this example,
know how to use the data available. The manual would instruct
you to put on protective eyewear and closed-toe shoes.
Then, it's on to step 2: making the process, the path, clear and
accessible. This will involve you walking around the lawn, picking
up large sticks or rocks that might get in your way.
Finally, for step 3, you check the lawn mower, your tool, to make
sure it has enough gas and oil, and is in working condition, so
the lawn can be mown safely. There you have it.
People don't often think
What does
about thinking.
But there are actually
it mean to
many different ways to
think : some think
think
creatively, some think
critically, and some think
analytically
in abstract ways
?
 Analytical thinking
Analytical thinking involves identifying a problem
then solving it by using data in an organized step by
step manner.

How do we think analytically?

The five key aspects to analytical thinking are:
Visualization
Strategy
Problem orientation
Correlation
Big-picture and detail-oriented thinking
1- Visualization
In data analytics, visualization is the graphical
representation of information.
Eg: graphs, maps, other design elements.
Visuals can help data analysts understand and
explain information more effectively.

2- Being strategic
With so much data available, having a strategic
mindset is key to staying focused and on track.
Strategizing help data analysts see what they want
to achieve with the data and how they can get
there. it also helps improve the quality of the data
we collect.
3- Being problem oriented
Data analysts use a problem oriented approach in
order to identify, describe and solve problems. It's all
about keeping the problem on top of mind throughout
the entire project

4- Correlation
Being able to identify a correlation between two or
more pieces of data. A correlation is like a
relationship, maybe it's the relationship the length of
your hair and the amount of shampoo you need.
But always keep in mind: correlation does not equal
causation, just because tw pieces of data are both
trending in the same direction, that does not
necessarly mean that they are related.
5.a - Big-picture thinking
Being able to see the big picture as well as the
details.
Big picture thinking is like looking out at a complete
puzzle. You can enjoy the whole picture without
getting stuck on every tiny piece. If you only focus on
individual pieces, you wouldn't be able to see past
that. Big picture thinking helps you to zoom out and
see possibilities and opportunities.

5.b- Detail-oriented thinking

It's about figuring out all of the aspects that will
help you execute a plan.
Why is it important to think in
Different ways ?

Because in data analysis, solutions are

never right in front of you.
You need to think critically to find the right
questions to ask.
You also need to think creatively to get new
and unexpected answers
[Let's talk about some questions data
analysts ask when they are on a hunt for a
solution ]
What is
A root cause is the
reason why a problem
the root occurs.

cause of a
problem ?
Ask why 5 times to
reveal the root cause,
by time you reach the
5th you would have
most likely revealed
the root cause
Where are The general approach to
gap analysis is
the gaps in understanding where you
our are now compared to

process ? where you want to be. Then

you can identify the gaps
that exist between the
current and future state
and determine how to
bridge them.
What did
This is a great way to think
about what information or
we not procedure might be missing

consider from a process, so you can

before
identify ways to make better
decisions and strategies
moving forward.
Data life cycle
1. PLAN

2. CAPTURE

3. MANAGE

4. ANALYZE

5. ARCHIVE

6. DESTROY
1- Plan
During planning, business decides:
What kind of data it needs
How it will be managed throughout its life cycle
Who will be responsible for it
And the optimal outcomes

Eg : An electricity provider wanted to gain insights into how

to save people energy:
a) The data it needs:
Capture information on how much electricity its
customers use each year
What types of buildings are being powered
What types of devices are being powered inside of them
b) which team members will be responsible for collecting,
storing, and sharing that data
2- Capture
Data is collected from a variety of different sources
and brought into the organization.

Database
A collection of data stored in a computer system.

Eg : in the electricity provider example, the business would

probably measure data usage among its customers within
a database that it owns
3- Manage
How we care for our data
How and where it's stored
The tools used to keep it safe and secure
The actions taken to make sure that it is maintained
properly

This phase is very important to data cleansing

4- Analyze
In this phase, the data is used to:
Solve problems
Make great decisions
Support business goals.

Eg: one of our electricity company's goals might be to find

ways to help customers save energy
5- Archive
Archiving means storing data in a place where it's still
available, but may not be used again. Keep relevant data
stored for long-term and future reference

6- Destroy
Remove data from storage and delete any shared copies of
the data.
Important for protecting a company's private information, as
well as private data about its customers for eg.

Eg: in our electricity provider, yhey would have data stored on

multiple hard drives. The company would use a secure data
erasure software. If there were any paper files, they would be
shredded too.
Data analysis isn't a life
cycle.
It's the process of
analyzing data.
Processes of data
Analysis

1. ASK

2. PREPARE

3. PROCESS

4. ANALYZE

5. SHARE

6. ACT
Ask
We define the problem to be solved and we make sure
that we fully understand stakeholder expectations.

Defining a problem : you look at the current state

and identify how it's different from the ideal state.
[Usually there's an obstacle we need to get rid of or
something wrong that needs to be fixed]

Who the stakeholders are : may be your manager, an

executive sponsor, or your sales partners .

Ask questions : the five whys are extremely helpful

here
PREPARE
This is where data analysts collect and store data they'll
use for the upcoming analysis process.

PROCESS
This is where data analysts collect and store data they'll
use for the upcoming analysis process.

Cleaning data, transforming it into a more useful

format, combining two or more datasets to make
information more complete and removing outliers.

Make sure that your data is complete and correct.

Fix typos, inconsistencies, or missing and inaccurate
data.
 Analyze
Analyzing the data collected involves using tools to
transform and organize that information.
SQL, spreadsheets, visuals

SHARE
Analysts interpret the results and share them with
others
Visualization : Tableau, Power BI, Looker, etc.

ACT
Final phase when the business takes all insights you
provided & puts them to work in order to solve the
original business problem.
 Data Analysis Tools
1- Spreadsheets
Digital worksheet. It stores, organizes, & sorts data.
Helps to see patterns, group information & easily find
the information needed. Also has some really useful
features called formulas & functions.

A formula is a set of instructions that perform a specific

calculation (Ex. +,-,*./, Average, etc.)

A function (present command) is a simpler more

efficient way of doing something that would normally
take a lot of time. (Ex. MAX, MIN, COUNT, etc.)
 Data Analysis Tools
2- Query Languages for Databases
A computer programming language that allows you
to retrieve & manipulate data from a database. Ex.
Structured Query Language (SQL).
A query is request for data or information from a DB.

3- Data Visualization tools

Data visualization is the graphical representation of
information.
Ex. Graphs, Charts, Tables, etc.
Tools: Tableau, Power BI, Looker, etc.
 Issue, question, problem

we've seen before. You might have noticed

a common theme across every example.
They all have issues to explore, questions
to answer, or problems to solve.
It's easy for these
things to get mixed up. Here's a way to keep
them straight when we talk about them in
data analytics.
Issue, question, problem
An issue is a topic or subject to investigate.
A question is designed to discover information.
A problem is an obstacle or complication that needs to
be worked out.

Ex

Coca-Cola had a question about new products. Data

analysis gave them insights into new flavors customers
already like.
The City Zoo and Aquarium had a problem with staffing.
Data, helped them figure out the best staffing strategy.
Business task ?
A business task is the question or problem data analysi
answers for business.

Ex
We know the problem, unpredictable weather was making it
hard for the zoo to anticipates staffing needs.
Maybe the business task could be something like:
analyze weather data from the last decade to identify
predictable patterns.
 Fairness means ensuring
that your analysis doesn't
create or reinforce bias
You want to create systems
that are
1. FAIR AND INCLUSIVE TO EVERYONE

2. YOUR SAMPLE SHOULD INCLUDE THE MINORITY AS

WELL

3. YOU CAN ASK FOR EXPERTS TO AVOID THE BIAS

TENDENCIES

4. WILL THE PEOPLE REPRESENTED FROM THIS DATA

BENEFIT FROM THIS?

5. PEOPLE ARE DATA, KEEP IT PRIVATE AND PROTECTED

Good
job!
You can proceed to next
course :D