COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES

CCS0021L
(INFORMATION MANAGEMENT)

[F3-FORMATIVE]
Formative Assessment 3
 EXERCISE

5
INTRODUCTION TO SQL

Student Name / Group

Name: Kimberly Anne Dimal
Name Role
Members (if Group):

Section: DO21
Professor: Mr. Tim Awat

I. PROGRAM OUTCOME/S (PO) ADDRESSED BY THE LABORATORY EXERCISE

a. Apply knowledge through the use of current techniques and tools necessary for the IT profession. [PO: I]

II. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME/S (CLO) ADDRESSED BY THE LABORATORY EXERCISE

• Create SQL statements that retrieve information requirements of the organization needed for reports generation.
[CLO: 4]

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III. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME/S (ILO) OF THE LABORATORY EXERCISE
At the end of this exercise, students must be able to:

• Understand SQL Developer to execute SQL Statement

• Explore the SQL Environment using SQL

IV. BACKGROUND INFORMATION

SQL ENVIRONMENT
Catalog
• A set of schemas that constitute the description of a database
Schema
• The structure that contains descriptions of objects created by a user (base tables, views,
constraints)
Data Definition Language (DDL)
• Commands that define a database, including creating, altering, and dropping tables and
establishing constraints
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
• Commands that maintain and query a database
Data Control Language (DCL)
• Commands that control a database, including administering privileges and committing data

COMMANDS SQL LANGUAGE

SELECT DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE (DML)

INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE
MERGE

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 CREATE DATA DEFIINITION LANGUAGE (DDL)
ALTER
DROP
RENAME
TRUNCATE
COMMENT

GRANT DATA CONTROL LANGUAGE (DCL)

REVOKE

COMMIT TRANSACTION CONTROL

ROLLBACK
SAVEPOINT

SQL DATA TYPES

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V. LABORATORY ACTIVITY

How to Create an Autonomous Database

Pre-requisite: You should have completed the sign up process and can login to your Oracle
cloud Account.
In the main interface of the Oracle Cloud account, click on the hamburger icon on the upper left
corner of the site. See Figure 18

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Figure 18

Then click on Oracle Database, and click Autonomous Database. See Figure 19

Figure 19

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3. Then click on Create Autonomous Database. See Figure 20.

Figure 20

4. Then set the following settings (Figure 21)

Compartment Name: Don’t change default settings here
Display Name: Db1LastNameFirstName or you can name any name you like
Database Name: Db1LastNameFirstName or you can name any name you like
Choose a workload type: Transaction Processing
Choose a deployment type: Shared Infrastructure

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 Figure 21
5. Scroll Down. Then select the settings seen in Figure 22. Then on the Create administrator
credentials part, write a password and confirm the password. Please take note of the passwords
you are doing.

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 Figure 22
6. Then scroll down. Choose the settings found in Figure 23. Then click Create Autonomous
Database.

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Figure 23
7. You will be taken to this site. For now the status is Provisioning. Give it time to set up and
load until the status becomes ‘Available’ or you can refresh the page. See Figure 24 and

25. Figure 24

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 Figure 25

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 How to Access Apex and Create a Database User and Workspace
Pre requisite: You can access your Oracle Cloud account, and you have create an Autonomous
Database (Please refer to the previous page)

1. On your Autonomous Database Details, click on the Tools tab

2. Then Click on Open Apex.

3. Then login to Administration Services by writing the password (this is the password you have
chosen during creation of the Autonomous Database, Refer to figure 22). Then click on Sign In
to Administration.

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4. Then Click on Create Workspace (If this is your first time).

5. Then create a Database User that will use the database. Write the password and workspace
name. Please take note. Usually the Database User and the WorkSpace Name are the the same.
Then click Create Workspace.

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6. Then it will take you to this site. To use the newly created database user, sign out of the
administrator account by clicking the AD on the upper right corner. Then click Sign out.

7. Then click Return to Sign In page.

8. Then write the newly created workspace, username and password. Then click sign in.

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8. Now you have successfully accessed the APEX, created a database user and created a
workspace.

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 How to populate the workspace using the newly created database user
Pre-requisite: You have successfully created a new database user and workspace
1. After logging in to the account of the database user. Click on the SQL Workshop down arrow

2. Click on SQL Scripts

3. Then click Upload

4. Click on Choose File and Find the hrcreate.txt file provided by your teacher. The Script name
is optional. Then click upload.

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5. Then click on the Play button.

6. Then click run now

7. Then you should be getting this screen:

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Male sure it shows 25 statements processed, 26 Successful and 0 with Errors.
8. Click the SQL Workshop down arrow and choose Object Browser to see the tables created.

9. You should be seeing this below. In the object browser you will see different tables. They
are Countries, Departments, Employees, Jobs, Job_history, Locations, and Regions.

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10. Repeat Steps 1-3 of ‘How to populate the workspace using the newly created database user’.
Then upload the file hrpopulate.txt provided by your teacher. Click upload.

11. Then make sure you click the Play button of the hrpopulate.txt.

12. Then Click run now

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13. Make sure that these are the statements processed

14. Then go back to Object browser to see the result.

15. Open the departments table by clicking on it.

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16. Click on the Data tab

17. And you will see that the departments table has data on it because of hrpopulate script.

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QUESTION AND ANSWER

1. What is difference between SQL Developer and SQL *plus?

SQL Developer is a GUI interface to your DB, SQL*PLUS is a command line tool. You can call
SQL*PLUS from command line and easily execute scripts so it's simple to automate tasks. SQL Developer
will display db content in a nice layout, allows you to edit data etc.

VI. REFERENCES

• Hoffer, Jeff (2016). Modern Database Management 12th edition. Pearson Education Limited
• Young, M. (2010). Oracle Data Modeling and Relational Database Design, Vol. 1 Student Guide, Oracle.

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 EXERCISE

6
DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE

Student Name / Group

Name:
Name Role
Members (if Group):

Section:

Professor:

I. PROGRAM OUTCOME/S (PO) ADDRESSED BY THE LABORATORY EXERCISE

b. Apply knowledge through the use of current techniques and tools necessary for the IT profession. [PO: I]

II. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME/S (CLO) ADDRESSED BY THE LABORATORY EXERCISE

• Create SQL statements that retrieve information requirements of the organization needed for reports generation.
[CLO: 4]

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III. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME/S (ILO) OF THE LABORATORY EXERCISE
At the end of this exercise, students must be able to:
• Use SQL commands to manage tables
• Establish referential integrity using

IV. BACKGROUND INFORMATION

• This statement is one of the DDL statements that are a subset of the SQL statements used to create, modify, or
remove Oracle database structures.

Syntax:
CREATE TABLE [schema.]table
(column datatype [DEFAULT expr] [, …]);

Constraints
The Oracle server uses constraints to prevent invalid data entry into tables.

You can use constraints to do the following:

• Enforce rules on the data in a table whenever a row is inserted, updated, or deleted from that table. The constraint
must be satisfied for the operation to succeed.
• Prevent the deletion of a table if there are dependencies from other tables.
• Provide rules for Oracle tools, such as Oracle Developer.

Data Integrity Constraints

Constraint Description
NOT NULL Specifies that the column cannot contain a null value

UNIQUE Specifies a column or combination of columns whose values

must be unique for all rows in the table
PRIMARY KEY Uniquely identifies each row of the table
FOREIGN KEY Establishes and enforces a referential integrity between the
Defining Constraints column and a column of the referenced table such that values
in one table match values in another table.
Syntax:
CHECKCREATE TABLE [schema.]table
Specifies a condition that must be true
(column datatype [DEFAULT expr]
[column_constraint],
…
[table_constraint] [, …]);

• Column-level constraint syntax:

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 Syntax:
column [CONSTRAINT constraint_name] constraint_type,

• Table-level constraint syntax:

Syntax:
column, …
[CONSTRAINT constraint_name] constraint_type
(column, …),

Creating a Table Using a Subquery

• Match the number of specified columns to the number of subquery columns.
• Define columns with column names and default values.

Syntax:
CREATE TABLE table
[(column, column…)]
AS subquery;

Read-Only Tables
You can use the ALTER TABLE syntax to:
• Put a table into read-only mode, which prevents DDL or DML changes during table maintenance
• Put the table back into read/write mode

Syntax:
ALTER TABLE table READ ONLY;
ALTER TABLE table READ WRITE;

Dropping a Table
• Moves a table to the recycle bin
• Removes the table and all its data entirely if the PURGE clause is specified

Syntax:
DROP TABLE table [PURGE];
Inserting Data into the Table

• With this syntax, only one row is inserted at a time

Syntax:
INSERT INTO table [(column [, column…])]
VALUES (value [, value…]);

• Copying rows from another table

Syntax:
INSERT INTO table [(column [, column…])]
subquery;

ALTER TABLE Statement

Syntax:
ALTER TABLE table
ADD (column datatype [DEFAULT expr]

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 [, column datatype]…);

ALTER TABLE table

MODIFY (column datatype [DEFAULT expr]
[, column datatype]…);

ALTER TABLE table

DROP (column);

Adding a Constraint

Syntax:
ALTER TABLE table
ADD (CONSTRAINT constraint_name] type column_name;

Dropping a Constraint

Syntax:
ALTER TABLE table
DROP PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE (column) |
CONSTRAINT constraint [CASCADE];

FLASHBACK TABLE Statement

Syntax:
FLASHBACK TABLE [schema.]table [, [schema.]table]…
TO {TIMESTAMP | SCN} expr;

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V. GRADING SYSTEM / RUBRIC

Criteria Descriptions Points

Creation of Tables (1-10 All the tables in the ERD are properly made 50
and complete
Changes made on the Tables The use of correct Data Definition 50
Language to change the characteristics of
the table are correct
Total 100%

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VI. LABORATORY ACTIVITY

DO THE FOLLOWING:
How to connect SQL Developer to Oracle Cloud Account
Pre-requisite:
• You have the application SQL developer application.

(To download please click on this site:

https://www.oracle.com/tools/downloads/sqldev-downloads.html
Once downloaded, no need to install, find the sqldeveloper.exe and run it.)
• You have an Oracle cloud account, you have a database user and workspace set up and you can
access the administration account of your Cloud account. If you do not have these, please do the
required steps before doing this.

1. The first thing to do is to get your Database Wallet. You will be needing this later in SQL
developer. Login to your oracle cloud account and go to your autonomous database account.
Click on the display name of your Autonomous Database.

2. Click on the DB Connection

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3. Choose Instance Wallet and click Download Wallet.

4. Write a password and confirm the password for this wallet. Make sure you remember the
password because you will be needing it later in SQL developer. Then click Download Wallet.
Make sure you know where you saved the wallet you have downloaded.
5. Then run SQL developer.
This is the loading interface of Oracle SQL
Developer.

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 This is the interface of Oracle SQL developer.

6. Click the New Connection Icon (the green Plus icon) on the Connections pane.

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7. Write in the Name the name of the User or any name (this is just the label of your connection)
, in this case its UserJohnSantos. Write the username and password of the database user. In this
case its UserJohnSantos and its password

8. On the Connection Type choose: Cloud Wallet

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9. On the configuration file, click on Browse…Look for the cloud wallet you have downloaded
earlier.

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10. Once the wallet is chosen, click on Test button

11. The status should be Success

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12. Then Click Save

13. You will be seeing it on the Connection Name part

14. Then click Connect.

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15. Its going to ask you to input your password again. Type it in and click Ok.

16. You will see in the Connections pane a plug icon, meaning your SQL developer has
successfully connected to your Oracle Cloud account

17. We can verify it by clicking the + icon

18. Click on the + icon of the Tables (Filtered)

19. You will see the same tables you had in the Oracle Cloud.

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Given the Entity Relationship Diagram below both Logical and Relational Diagram:

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Create the tables given in the ERD using Oracle Cloud Account in your SQL developer. The attributes and the
relationships are found on the diagrams

For each number, copy the source code and paste it here together with the screenshot of the what the table looks
like by its Columns

1. Source code and screenshot of the table for creating the Customer table.,

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 2. Source code and screenshot of the table for creating the Item table.

3. Source code and screenshot of the table for creating the ItemProduct table.

4. Source code and screenshot of the table for creating the Orders table.

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 5. Source code and screenshot of the table for creating the Product table.

6. Source code and screenshot of the table for creating the Requests table.

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 7. Source code and screenshot of the table for creating the Shipment table.

8. Source code and screenshot of the table for creating the ShipmentItem table.

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 9. Source code and screenshot of the table for creating the Supplier table.

10. Source code and screenshot of the table for creating the SupplierItem table.

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 11. Write a DDL code the add new columns on the Customer table. The new column’s name are Address, Postal
Code, Province, Zip Code. The new columns are all data type Vachar2(100). Copy and paste the source
code and screenshot of the updated table below:

12. Change the Quantity attribute to QTY in the item Table. Copy and paste the source code and screenshot of
the updated table below:

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 13. Rename the following tables:
ItemProduct to DetailsOfProduct
ShipmentItem to ShipmentDetails
SupplierItem to SuppliersInvoice
Copy and paste the source code and screenshot of the updated table below:

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 14. Increase the number of characters on the attribute ProductCategory in the Product table. Increase it from 500
to 600. Copy and paste the source code and screenshot of the updated table below:

15. Type in Commit on the worksheet, to save the changes made. Copy and paste the code below:

16. Create a new table. Name the table TempTable. Create two attributes of your own, one of the attributes is an
identifier. Copy and paste the source code and screenshot of the updated table below:

17. Delete the table TempTable. Copy the code you have used and take a screenshot of the your Recycle bin
and paste it here:

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 18. Restore the table TempTable back to the Tables Schema. Copy and paste the source code and screenshot of
the updated table below:

19. Make the table TempTable to an uneditable table. Copy and paste the source code and screenshot of the
updated table below:

20. Create a comment on the column Customerid of the Customer table. Copy and paste the code below:

VII. QUESTION AND ANSWER

1. What is the purpose of Data Definition Language in SQL?

DDL statements purpose is to create, modify, and remove database objects such as tables, indexes, and
users. Common DDL statements are CREATE, ALTER, and DROP.

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VIII. REFERENCES

• Hoffer, J.A., Prescott, M.B., McFadden, F.R. (2007). Modern Database Management 8th
Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.

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