STSA 3732: Tutorial 2 (MEMO) 2 March 2022

Question 1
1.1 Create the appropriate data objects, either a vector or matrix, for the following in R:

" # 3 2  0 3 " #

3.4 2    −3 6
A= , C = 1 1  , D = 1 2 , X= ,
   
5 −2.5 1 4
7 4  2 4
   
  
" # " # 1 4
7 1 4 8.4 7.7 4.2    
Y= , Z= , b = 3 , d = 2.
   
1 2 5 5.1 4.4 5.1
5 10
   
   

A <- matrix(c(3.4,5,2,-2.5), ncol=2)

C <- matrix(c(3,1,7,2,1,4), ncol=2)
D <- matrix(c(0,1,2,3,2,4), ncol=2)
X <- matrix(c(-3,1,6,4), ncol=2)
Y <- matrix(c(7,1,1,2,4,5), ncol=3)
Z <- matrix(c(8.4,5.1,7.7,4.4,4.2,5.1), ncol=3)
b <- matrix(c(1,3,5), ncol=1)
d <- matrix(c(4,2,10), ncol=1)

1.2 Calculate C + D.

C+D

## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 3 5
## [2,] 2 3
## [3,] 9 8

1.3 Get the transpose of C.

t(C)

## [,1] [,2] [,3]

## [1,] 3 1 7
## [2,] 2 1 4

1.4 Get the transpose of d .

t(d)

## [,1] [,2] [,3]

## [1,] 4 2 10

1.5 Calculate b ′D. (Hint: use * for element-wise multiplication and %*% for matrix multiplication.)

1
 t(b)%*%D

## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 13 29

1.6 Calculate C′D.

t(C)%*%D

## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 15 39
## [2,] 9 24

1.7 Calculate 4d ′Y′.

4*t(d)%*%t(Y)

## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 280 232

1.8 Calculate Y′Z.

t(Y)%*%Z

## [,1] [,2] [,3]

## [1,] 63.9 58.3 34.5
## [2,] 18.6 16.5 14.4
## [3,] 59.1 52.8 42.3

1.9 Calculate A−1 X.

solve(A)%*%X

## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] -0.2972973 1.2432432
## [2,] -0.9945946 0.8864865

Question 2
2.1 Create the following matrices in R:
1 6  6 1
  
1 7  7 1
   

A = 1 8  , B =  8 1 .
   

1 9  9 1
   
1 10 10 1
   
  

2
 A <- matrix(c(1,1,1,1,1,6,7,8,9,10), ncol=2)
B <- matrix(c(6,7,8,9,10,1,1,1,1,1), ncol=2)

Aletrnatively:

A <- matrix(c(1,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10), byrow=T, ncol=2)

B <- matrix(c(6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1), byrow=T, ncol=2)

2.2 Calculate A + B.

A+B

## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 7 7
## [2,] 8 8
## [3,] 9 9
## [4,] 10 10
## [5,] 11 11

2.3 Get the transpose of A.

t(A)

## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]

## [1,] 1 1 1 1 1
## [2,] 6 7 8 9 10

2.4 Get the transpose of (B′B) −1 .

solve(t(B)%*%B)

## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 0.1 -0.8
## [2,] -0.8 6.6

Question 3
3.1 Create appropriate data objects for the following in R. Do not type the values out or copy them in any
way. Use functions to generate these values.

3
 600
 
580
 
560
 
  1 1 6  1 1 1 
540  
1 2 5  32 4 8 
     
520
 
1 3 4  243 9 27 
   
w = 500 , Y =  , Z =  .
 
1 4 3 1024 16 64 

480
 
1 5 2 3125 25 125
   
460
 
1 6 1 7776 36 216
   
 
440   
 
420
 
400
 
 

w <- seq(600, 400, by=-20)

Y <- matrix(c(rep(1,6),1:6,6:1), ncol=3)
Z <- matrix(c((1:6)^5,(1:6)^2,(1:6)^3), ncol=3, byrow=F)

3.2 Determine 2w + 30.

2*w+30

## [1] 1230 1190 1150 1110 1070 1030 990 950 910 870 830

3.3 Determine the transpose of the matrix Z and store the second row of the transposed matrix in a vector
named x .

x <- t(Z)[2,]
x

## [1] 1 4 9 16 25 36

3.4 Determine the inverse of Z′Z.

solve(t(Z)%*%Z)

## [,1] [,2] [,3]

## [1,] 2.684143e-06 0.0005670459 -0.0001886165
## [2,] 5.670459e-04 0.1367997553 -0.0429358447
## [3,] -1.886165e-04 -0.0429358447 0.0138302100

Question 4
4.1 Create a matrix with the values 1, 5, 2 and −3 in the first column, 1, 2, 3 and 7 in the second column, 3,
6, 7 and 5 in the third column and 6, 8, 11 and −7 in the fourth column.

4
 Q6.1 <- matrix(c(1,5,2,-3,1,2,3,7,3,6,7,5,6,8,11,-7), ncol=4)

4.2 Replace the fourth column of the matrix above in (6.1) by the sum of the first and third columns.

Q6.1[,4] <- Q6.1[,1] + Q6.1[,3]

Q6.1

## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]

## [1,] 1 1 3 4
## [2,] 5 2 6 11
## [3,] 2 3 7 9
## [4,] -3 7 5 2

4.3 Transpose the matrix in (6.2).

Q6.3 <- t(Q6.1)

Q6.3

## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]

## [1,] 1 5 2 -3
## [2,] 1 2 3 7
## [3,] 3 6 7 5
## [4,] 4 11 9 2

4.4 Determine the mean of the third column of the matrix created in (6.3).

mean(Q6.3[,3])

## [1] 5.25

Question 5
Consider the following data set containing 5 observations for each of the variables named X1, X2 and X3:

X1 X2 X3
10 21 15
9 27 12
7 22 12
11 24 10
15 13 11

5.1 Create a data frame named my.data containing the data shown in the table above.

my.data <- data.frame(X1=c(10,9,7,11,15),

X2=c(21,27,22,24,13),
X3=c(15,12,12,10,11))
my.data

5
 ## X1 X2 X3
## 1 10 21 15
## 2 9 27 12
## 3 7 22 12
## 4 11 24 10
## 5 15 13 11

5.2 Determine the sum of X1.

attach(my.data)
sum(X1)

## [1] 52

5.3 Determine the standard deviation of X2.

sd(X2)

## [1] 5.22494

5.4 Determine the sum of all the observations of X1 and X3.

sum(X1,X3)

## [1] 112

Alternative solution:

sum(X1+X3)

## [1] 112