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Design and Development of A Dual Axis Solar Tracker

The document summarizes a student project to design and develop a dual-axis solar tracker. The objectives are to maximize solar energy collection through a system that tracks sunlight. It describes the types of solar trackers, the design including driving units, sensing units and a control unit. Performance analysis shows the system accurately changes the angle of the solar panel based on light input to the sensors to maintain optimal sun exposure.

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Akhilesh Maurya
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64 views16 pages

Design and Development of A Dual Axis Solar Tracker

The document summarizes a student project to design and develop a dual-axis solar tracker. The objectives are to maximize solar energy collection through a system that tracks sunlight. It describes the types of solar trackers, the design including driving units, sensing units and a control unit. Performance analysis shows the system accurately changes the angle of the solar panel based on light input to the sensors to maintain optimal sun exposure.

Uploaded by

Akhilesh Maurya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Dhaka

Design and Development of a Dual


Axis Solar Tracker
Presented by-
Roll No: 1220 Roll No: 1236
Reg. No: 2011213785 Reg. No: 2011913832

Project Supervisor:
Md. Habibur Rahman
Professor, Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka
OUTLINE OBJECTIVE
▪ Solar Tracker ▪ To utilize maximum
▪ Tracker design platform solar energy through
▪ Materials for tracker solar panel
design ▪ Design a system that
▪ Development of the tracks sunlight for
project solar panel
▪ Increase efficiency and
accuracy of the system
SOLAR TRACKER
▪ A device for orienting a solar panel towards the sun
▪ Visible portion is 180 degrees during a 1/2 day, more effectively 150 degrees
▪ In a fixed orientation between the dawn and sunset extremes will see a motion of 75
degrees on either side
▪ Over a year the sun moves 46 degrees north-south, specifically 23 degrees on either side

75% of the energy is lost in a day, 8.3% in a season

SOLUTION
Using a tracker that will account for movement daily (east-west) and seasonally (north-
south)
TYPES OF SOLAR TRACKER

Dual Axis Azimuth-Elevation Tracker


TRACKER DESIGN PLATFORM

▪ Transmission/actuator mechanical drive


subsystem
▪ Electric motors
▪ Battery storage
▪ Motion sensing subsystem devices
▪ Control unit subsystem
▪ Payload
▪ Environmental or atmospheric ambient
sensing devices
DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT
Driving Unit Solar Panel Driving Unit

Sensing Unit

Control Unit Power Source


DRIVING UNIT
▪ Servo Motor (MG996R High Torque Metal Gear Dual Ball Bearing
Servo)
▪ Assembly of Four parts-
❑DC Motor
❑Gear Reduction Unit
❑Position Sensing Unit
❑Control Unit (PWM)

MG996R Half
Rotation Servo
SENSING UNIT
▪ LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
▪ LDR works on the principle of
photoconductivity

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF LDR


▪ Incident of light (photons) excites
electrons of valance bands and
releases to shift to conduction band.
▪ More light incident on LDR decreases
the resistance of LDR, increasing more
current when circuit is closed
CONTROL UNIT
ARDUINO UNO

▪ Input (ADC): inbuilt 10-


bit Analog to Digital
converter
▪ Output (PWM): Arduino
has an 8-bit PWM
generator.
▪ Microcontroller: 8 bit
Atmega328/168.
COMPONENTS ASSEMBLE

LDR Mechanical connection Upper Axis without


with servo and frame connection of solar cell

Upper Axis assembling Base of lower axis Dual axis tracker without
with solar cell connection
COMPONENTS ASSEMBLE
Vertical Servo assemble with
breadboard

Arduino connection with LDR

Horizontal Servo assemble with breadboard


Total System interconnection
ALGORITHM
Step1: Start

Step2: Initialize all necessary inputs and outputs to zero.

Step3: Assign analog LDR outputs and PWM servomotor inputs to Arduino Uno.

Step4: If center LDR = 0, then delay (longer).

Step5: Check alignment (Simultaneously for north south and east-west)

Step6: If up (LDR) greater than center and down (LDR) lesser than center, then
increase position of servomotor1 by 1 unit. Give delay.

Step7: Else if up (LDR) lesser than center and down (LDR) greater than center, then
decrease position of servomotor1 by 1 unit. Give delay.

Step8: (Simultaneously along with step (6). If right (LDR) greater than center and left
(LDR) lesser than center then increase the position of servomotor2 by 1 unit. Give
delay.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS (HORIZONTAL CHANGE)
(a) Initial condition when light is not used and tracker (c )When light is applied both top left and top right LDR, the tracker
positioned at north changes its position towards the exact west position and change the
angle around 120

(b) When light is applied on the Down Right LDR (d) When light is applied on the top right and down right LDR the
and tracker change it’s position towards position of the tracker is changed with an angle 60° from the previous
at north-west with an angle 90° condition
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS (VERTICAL CHANGE)

When light is applied on the both of When light is applied on both of the Top LDRs,
the down LDRs , the solar cell change Solar cell change its position upward and remain
its position downward and it is at 90° angle.
approximately 47°
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
THANK
YOU

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