CS614 - Data Warehousing

Solved Subjective 1st DEC,2012

From Midterm Papers

MC100401285 [email protected] PSMD01

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CS604 – Final term Paper Fall (2012)

1. Write the names of common file structures. (2)

Answer:- (Page 214)
 None
 Simple record structure
 Complex Structures

2.Which part of compiler/assembler perform the task of taking one or more objects generated

and assemble them in to a single executable program. (2)
Answer:- Click here for detail
Linking means taking one or more objects generated by compilers and assemble them into a single executable
program.

3.Write the method through which Linus/Unix commands can communicate with each other. (2)

4. Consider a process having its segment 15 having 5096 bytes. The process generates a logical address
(15, 3921). What page does the logical address refers to? (2)
Answer:- (Page 181)
ceiling[3921/1024]= 4 (i.e., page number 3)

5. What is mounting? Name its two types. (3)

Answer:- (Page 225)
Mounting makes file systems, files, directories, devices, and special files available for use at a particular
location. Mount point is the actual location from which the file system is mounted and accessed.
There are types of mounts:
Remote mount
Local mount

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7. Which term is best suited for the situation where several process access and manipulate shared data
concurrently and final value of data depend which process finishes last. (3)
Answer:- (Page 96)
A situation like this, where several processes access and manipulate the same data concurrently and the
outcome of the manipulation depends on the particular order in which the access takes place, is called a race
condition.

8. What is difference between deadlock avoidance and deadlock prevention. (3)

Answer:- (Page 132)
1. Deadlock prevention: is a set of methods for ensuring that at least one of the necessary conditions cannot
hold. These methods prevent deadlocks by constraining how processes can request for resources.

2. Deadlock Avoidance: This method of handling deadlocks requires that processes give advance additional
information concerning which resources they will request and use during their lifetimes. With this information,
it may be decided whether a process should wait or not.

9. A file system must keep track of free blocks on disk. Name two schemes for doing this, and one
advantage for each (5)
Answer:- Click here for detail
Linked list of free pages supports very fast deletion: we can link a whole file onto the free list in constant time.
Bit map facilitates spatial locality optimizations in disk layout. It is also the most effecient in terms of memory
inside the OS required to find the free pages.
The list of pages with free page references in each is also space-efficient, particularly for disks that are mostly
full (the bit map takes space proportional to the size of the entire disk). Also, free page insertion and deletion
operations exhibit high locality under this scheme.

10. Differentiate between logical and physical address. (5)

Answer:- (Page 152)
An address generated by the CPU is commonly referred to as a logical address, where as an address seen by
the memory unit–that is, the one loaded into the memory-address register of the memory–is commonly
referred to as the physical address. In essence, logical data refers to an instruction or data in the process
address space where as the physical address refers to a main memory location where instruction or data resides.

The compile time and load time binding methods generate identical logical and physical addresses, where as the
execution time binding method results in different physical and logical addresses. In this case we refer to the
logical address as the virtual address. The set of all logical addresses generated by a program form the logical
address space of a process; the set of all physical addresses corresponding to these logical addresses is a
physical address space of the process. The total size of physical address space in a system is equal to the size
of its main memory.

The run-time mapping from virtual to physical addresses is done by a piece of hardware in the CPU, called the

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memory management unit (MMU).

11. Identify the necessary information that must be stored in process control block during the execution
of program. (5)

12. What steps are needed for page replacement? (5)

Answer:- (Page 196)
1. Find the location of the desired page on the disk
2. Find a free frame
a) If there is a free frame use it.
b) If there is no free frame, use a page replacement algorithm to select a victim frame.
3. Read the desired page into the newly freed frame; change the page and frame tables.
4. Restart the user process.

CS604 – Final term Paper Fall (2012)

QNo.1   Name of three major frame allocation schemes?
Answer:- (Page 204)
There are three major allocation schemes:
 Fixed allocation
 Proportional Allocation
 Priority allocation

QNo.2   how to protection of files and giving access to be secured in UNIX ?

Answer:- (Page 229)
UNIX recognizes three modes of access: read, write, and execute (r, w, x). The execute permission on a
directory specifies permission to search the directory.

QNo.3   what is lazy analyzer that is use in virtual memory?

Answer:- (Page 186)
When we want to execute a process, we swap it into memory. Rather than swapping the entire process into
memory, however we use a lazy swapper.

QNo.4   Differentiate between Cache and CPU Register ?

Answer:- Click here for detail
CPU register is just a small amount of data storage that facilitates some CPU operations.
CPU cache, it is a high speed volatile memory which is bigger in size, that helps the processor to reduce the
memory operations.
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QNo.5   what is Index Allocation Method?
Answer:- (Page 235-36)
Indexed allocation brings all the pointers to the block together into a disk block, known as the index block.
Indexed allocation supports direct access without suffering from external fragmentation because any free block
on the disk may satisfy a request for more space.

QNo.6   Define and briefly describe what is memory mapping system calls?
Answer:- (Page 195)
The memory mapping system calls can only support copy-on-write functionality allowing processes to share a
file in read-only mode, but to have their own copies of any data they modify. So that access to the shared data is
coordinated, the processes involved might use one of the mechanisms for achieving mutual exclusion.
In a UNIX system, mmap() system call can be used to request the operating system to memory map an opened
file.

QNo.7   What hardware is needed to support demand paging and swapping name and describe briefly?
Answer:- (Page 188)
The hardware needed to support demand paging is the same as the hardware for paging and swapping:
 Page table: This table has the ability to mark an entry invalid through a valid-invalid bit or special value
of protection bits.
 Secondary memory: This memory holds those pages that are not present in main memory. The
secondary memory is usually a high speed disk. It is known as the swap device, and the section of disk
used for this purpose is called the swap space.

QNo.8   What are the file structures, define its protection.

Answer:- Rep

QNo.9   Differentiate between logical and physical address.

 Answer:- Rep

CS604 – Final term Paper Fall (2012)

Why do we say Scan algorithm, the elevator algorithm?? (2)

Answer:- (Page 244)
The Scan algorithm is sometimes called the elevator algorithm, since the disk arm behaves like an elevator in
a building servicing all the requests (people at floors), going up and then reversing to service the requests going
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down.

why program exhibits that it is always partially in memory (2 marks)

Answer:- (Page 185)
Even in cases where the entire program is needed, it may not be all needed at the same time. The ability to
execute a program that is only partially in memory confers many benefits. running a program that is not entirely
in memory would benefit both the system and the user.

give one advantage and one disadvantage of using large sized block (2)
Answer:- Click here for detail
advantage
 Good for large rows with lots of sequential I/O
 Has a lower overhead with less block headers so more room to store data
 Well suited for tables with large sized rows

disadvantage
 Wastes space in the buffer cache if doing random I/O to access a small number of rows
 In OLTP systems can increase block contention due to more rows being stored in each block

File attributes. only five (5)

Answer:- (Page 215)
Name: The symbolic file name is the only information kept in human-readable form
Type: This information is needed for those systems that support different types.
Location: This location is a pointer to a device and to the location of the file on that device.
Time and date created: useful for security, protection and usage monitoring.
Time and date last updated: useful for security, protection and usage monitoring.

name the steps involved in converting the source code into executable program (3)
Answer:- Rep

CS604 – Final term Paper Fall (2012)

 1.     What do we name to address that is generated by CPU?
Answer:- (Page 152)
An address generated by the CPU is commonly referred to as a logical address.

2.     Whether the files are volatiles or non-volatile? Also comment that whether data can be written on
secondary storage if not written in file?
Answer:- (Page 214)
Files usually non-volatile, so the contents are persistent through power failures, etc. A file is a named collection

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of related information that is recorded on secondary storage. Data cannot be written to secondary storage unless
they are within a file.

3.     What anomaly is involved in FIFO page replacement?

Answer:- (Page 198)
Belady’s anomaly

4.     Differentiate between bg and fg command?

Answer:- (Page 65)
You can use the fg command to resume the execution of a suspended job in the foreground or move a
background job into the foreground. You can use the bg command to put the current or a suspended process
into the background.

5.     Do you think that FIFO is useful? Provide at least two reasons of justify your answer?
Answer:- (Page 58)
Two common uses of FIFOs are:
In client-server applications, FIFOs are used to pass data between a server process and client processes
Used by shell commands to pass data from one shell pipeline to another, without creating temporary files

6.     Explain how pre-paging prevents high level of initial paging?

Answer:- (Page 211)
An obvious property of a pure demand paging system is the large number of page faults that occur when a
process is started. This situation is the result of trying to get the initial locality into memory. Pre-paging is an
attempt to prevent this high level of initial paging. The strategy is to bring into memory at one time all the
pages that will be needed.

7.     Maximum no of pages in process address space is one million and total address size is (p + d),
process address space is 32-bit with page size 4096 bytes. Calculate no bits for page no (p) and the no of
bits required for offset (d)?

8.     Is it necessary to avoid user program from get stuck in an infinite loop? Give reasons.
Answer:- (Page 11)
In addition to protecting I/O and memory, we must ensure that the operating system maintains control. We must
prevent the user program from getting stuck in an infinite loop or not calling system services and never
returning control to the CPU. To accomplish this we can use a timer, which interrupts the CPU after specified
period to ensure that the operating system maintains control.
The timer period may be variable or fixed. A fixed-rate clock and a counter are used to implement a variable
timer. The OS initializes the counter with a positive value. The counter is decremented every clock tick by the
clock interrupt service routine. When the counter reaches the value 0, a timer interrupt is generated that
transfers control from the current process to the next scheduled process. Thus we can use the timer to prevent a
program from running too long.
In the most straight forward case, the timer could be set to interrupt every N milliseconds, where N is the time
slice that each process is allowed to execute before the next process gets control of the CPU. The OS is invoked

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at the end of each time slice to perform various housekeeping tasks.

CS604 – Final term Paper Fall (2012)

Q1)      Marks (2)

Which part of compiler/assembler perform the task of taking one or more objects generated and
assemble them in to a Single Executable Program.
Answer:- Rep
 
Q2) How can a user control the Thrashing? Marks (2)
Answer:- (Page 11)
In order to stop thrashing, the degree of multiprogramming needs to be reduced. The effects of thrashing can be
reduced by using a local page replacement.
 
Q3) What is the difference between Zero Capacity Buffering and Un-Bounded Capacity Buffering?
Marks (2)
Answer:- (Page 44)
Zero Capacity: The queue has maximum length zero, thus the link cannot have any messages waiting in it. In
this case the sender must block until the message has been received.          
 
Unbounded Capacity: The queue has infinite length; thus the sender never blocks.

Q4) What is the basic logic of FIFO Page Replacement Algorithm?  Marks (2)     
Answer:- (Page 198)
A FIFO replacement algorithm associates with each page the time when that page was brought into memory.
When a page must be replaced, the oldest page is chosen. 

Q5) What is the difference between Internal Fragmentation and External Fragmentation Marks (3)?

Answer:- Click here for detail
Internal Fragmentation is the area in a region or a page that is not used by the job occupying that region or page.
This space is unavailable for use by the system until that job is finished and the page or region is released.
 
Q6) What protection built in Primary Protection Scheme under Paging concept? Marks (3)
Answer:- (Page 169)
The primary protection scheme guards against a process trying to access a page that does not belong to its
address space. This is achieved by using a valid/invalid (v) bit. This bit indicates whether the page is in the
process address space or not. If the bit is set to invalid, it indicates that the page is not in the process’s logical

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address space. 

Q7) Defined Soft (Symbolic) Link in UNIX. Marks (3)

Answer:- (Page 228)
Soft links take care of all the problems inherent in hard links. They are flexible. You may have soft links to
directories and across file systems. However, UNIX has to support an additional file type, the link type, and a
new file is created for every link, slowing down file operations.
 
Q8) How can you differentiate a call generated by the system is an Interrupt or Signal? Marks (3)
Answer:- (Page 7)
An interrupt is a signal generated by a hardware device (usually an I/O device) to get CPU’s attention.
A trap (or an exception) is a software-generated interrupt caused either by an error (division by zero or invalid
memory access) or by a user request for an operating system service.
A signal is an event generated to get attention of a process. An example of a signal is the event that is generated
when you run a program and then press <Ctrl-C>.

Q9) Marks (5)

File system must keep track of free blocks on disk. Write down the two Schemes used for it with
example?
Answer:- Rep
 
Q10) Address translation with Inverted Page Table? Marks (5)
Answer:- (Page 173)
Page table size is limited by the number of frames (i.e., the physical memory) and not process address space.
Each entry in the page table contains (pid, p). If a page ‘p’ for a process is loaded in frame ‘f’, its entry is stored
at index ‘f’ in the page table. We effectively index the page table with frame number; hence the name inverted
page table. Examples of CPUs that support inverted pages tables are 64-bit UltraSPARC and PowerPC. 

CS604 – Final term Paper Fall (2012)

Briefly describe the concept of the reentrant code?
Answer:- (Page 174)
Reentrant (readonly) code pages of a process address can be shared. If the code is reentrant, it never changes
during execution. Thus two or more processes can execute the same code at the same time.

To resolve thrashing due to excessive paging, what can a user do?

Answer:- Click here for detail
To resolve thrashing due to excessive paging, a user can do any of the following:
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  Increase the amount of RAM in the computer (generally the best long-term solution).
 Decrease the number of programs being run on the computer.
 Replace programs that are memory-heavy with equivalents that use less memory.
 Improve spatial locality by replacing loops

How can we calculate a size of page table? Just provide the formula?
Answer:- (Page 165)
Page table size = NP * PTES, where NP is the number of pages in the process address space and PTES is the
page table entry size.

Describe the following command Grep ’’Asif’’ academics>admin

What are three different stages/times when address can be bound to instructions and data?
Answer:- (Page 151)
compile time
load time
execution time

What is the problem hard links creates in terms of referential naming? How does one solve it?
Answer:- Click here for detail
When using hard links, we effectively create multiple names for the same data contained within a file. The
problem in managing these structures comes down to knowing when the data within the file should actually be
deleted. In particular, the data should be deleted only when the last name (or reference) is removed from the file
system. This is typically detected through the use of reference counters.

It is also possible to create cycles in the directory structure, which can lead to files and/or directories being left
on the disk without any way to get to the from the root directory. This may be solved by either not allowing
hardlinks to directories or by explicitly checking to make sure that a cycle is not created when a link is made to
a directory.

If we take an average page fault service time of 20 milliseconds and a memory access time of 100
nanoseconds, then the effective access time in nanoseconds?
Answer:- (Page 190)
Effective access time = (1-p) * (100) + p (20 milliseconds)
= (1-p) * 100 + p * 20,000,000
= 100 + 19,999,900 * p

Analyze the relationship b/w fork() and except system calls?

Describe 5 attributes of the file?

Answer:- Rep

What hardware is needed to support demand paging and swapping name and describe briefly?
Answer:- Rep
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 Let us consider a situation in which we want to communicate un related process on the same system?
Answer:- (Page 50)
The BSD sockets are used for communication between related or unrelated processes on the same system or
unrelated processes on different systems.

Out of primary and secondary storage which memory do you think is best suited to store a program
written in C language is which memory is best suited when we want to execute that program given
reasons?

CS604 – Final term Paper Fall (2012)

How we do memory protection in memory management?
Answer:- (Page 10)
Using two CPU registers, specifically designed for this purpose, can provide memory protection. These
registered are:
Base register – it holds the smallest legal physical memory address for a process
Limit register – it contains the size of the process

How to detect and recover deadlock?                             

Answer:- (Page 132)
Allowing Deadlocks and Recovering: One method is to allow the system to enter a deadlocked state, detect it,
and recover.

Describe the following command Grep ’’Asif’’ academics>admin

What are three different stages/times when address can be bound to instructions and data?

CS604 – Final term Paper Spring (2012)

1 what is mounting in the file system? and where is the mount point ?
Answer:- Rep

2 define Roll in & Roll out with respect to swapping

Answer:- (Page 157)
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When the higher--priority process finishes, the lower--priority process can be swapped back in and continued.
This technique is called roll out, roll in. The major part of swap time is transfer time; the total transfer time is
directly proportional to the amount of memory swapped.

3 Can we increase the speed by accessing the page table in the memory compare to the CPU register
Answer:- (Page 166)
A page table base register (PTBR) is needed to point to the page table. With page table in main memory, the
effective memory access time, Teffective, is 2Tmem , which is not acceptable because it would slow down
program execution by a factor of two.

4 Explain the FIFO page algorithm with a scenario where the Belady’s anomaly true

Answer:- (Page 198)
The problem with this algorithm is that it suffers from Belady’s anomaly: For some page replacement
algorithms the page fault rate may increase as the number of allocated frames increases, whereas we would
expect that giving more memory to a process would improve its performance.

5 If we create a pipe and a pipe return a numeric value -1 what does it means?
Answer:- (Page 46)
The function returns -1 if the call fails.

6 Differentiate between dead lock avoidance and dead lock prevention

Answer:- Rep

7 Write one advantage and one disadvantage of using  large size  block
Answer:- Rep

8 Does cooperating processes are helpful to the operating system

Answer:- (Page 41)
The concurrent processes executing in the operating system may be either independent processes or cooperating
processes. A process is independent if it cannot affect or be affected by any other process executing in the
system. Clearly any process that shares data with other processes is a cooperating process.

9 How page fault frequency model used to control the thrashing 

Answer:- (Page 210)
Page fault frequency is another method to control thrashing. Since thrashing has a high page fault rate, we want
to control the page fault frequency. When it is too high we know that the process needs more frames. Similarly
if the page-fault rate is too low, then the process may have too many frames. The operating system keeps track
of the upper and lower bounds on the page-fault rates of processes. If the page-fault rate falls below the lower
limit, the process loses frames. If page-fault rate goes above the upper limit, process gains frames. Thus we
directly measure and control the page fault rate to prevent thrashing.

10 what is swap space?

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Answer:- (Page 188)
The secondary memory is usually a high speed disk. It is known as the swap device, and the section of disk
used for this purpose is called the swap space.

CS604 – Final term Paper Spring (2012)

1) write the formula to calculate page size     

Answer:- Rep

2) name of two registers used in segmentation      

Answer:- (Page 175)
Segment-table base register (STBR)
Segment-table length register (STLR)

3)what is lazy analyzer  that is use in virtual memory           

Answer:- Rep

4)how to detect cycles in acyclic graph                 

Answer:- (Page 223)
A solution is to allow only links to files not subdirectories. Also every time a new link is added use a cycle
detection algorithm to determine whether it is OK. If cycles are allowed, we want to avoid searching any
component twice.

5) difference between deadlock avoidance and deadlock prevention     5marks    

Answer:- Rep

6)name three access modes use in file protection      

Answer:- Rep

7)how to detect and recover deadlock                             

Answer:- Rep

8) how semaphore algorithm works in n-critical problem        5marks                  

Answer:- (Page 108)
Hardware solutions to synchronization problems are not easy to generalize to more complex problems. To
overcome this difficulty we can use a synchronization tool called a semaphore. A semaphore S is an integer
variable that, apart from initialization is accessible only through two standard atomic operations: wait and
signal. These operations were originally termed P (for wait) and V (for signal).
We can use semaphores to deal with the n-process critical section problem. The n processes share a semaphore,
mutex (standing for mutual exclusion) initialized to 1.
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 CS604 – Final term Paper Spring (2012)
What is mounting and mount count 2marks 
Answer:- Rep

Some way to reduce external fragmentation 2marks 

Answer:- Click here for detail
Compaction reduces external fragmentation by shuffling memory contents to place all free memory together in
one large block.

Four characteristic of deadlock preventation 2 marks 

Is starvation and deadlock are same. Accept or reject with solid reason 3 marks 
Answer:- (Page 112)
A set of processes are said to be in a deadlock state if every process is waiting for an event that can be caused only
by another process in the set  and Starvation is infinite blocking caused due to unavailability of resources.

Why we need medium term scheduling? 3marks 

 Answer:- (Page 34)
Some operating systems such as time-sharing systems may introduce a medium-term scheduler, which
removes processes from memory (and from active contention for the CPU) and thus reduces the degree of
multiprogramming.

If hard real-time system cannot manage output within given slot then what happen? 3marks 
 Answer:- (Page 7)
A real time system has well defined, fixed time constraints, and if the system does not produce output for an
input within the time constraints, the system will fail. For instance, it would not do for a robot arm to be
instructed to halt after it had smashed into the car it was building.

Difference between deadlock avoidance and deadlock (snowz) prevention? 3marks

Answer:- Rep

Working of copy on write in virtual memory 5marks

 Answer:- (Page 193)
Demand paging is used when reading a file from disk into memory and such files may include binary
executables. However, process creation using fork() may bypass initially the need for demand paging by using
a technique similar to page sharing. This technique provides for rapid process creation and minimizes the
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number of new pages that must be allocated to newly created processes.
Recall the fork() system call creates a child process as a duplicate of its parent. Traditionally fork() worked by
creating a copy of the parent’s address space for the child, duplicating the pages belonging to the parent.
However, considering that many child processes invoke the exec() system call immediately after creation, the
copying of the parent’s address space may be unnecessary. Alternatively we can use a technique known as copy
on write. This works by allowing the parent and child processes to initially share the same pages. These shared
pages are marked as copy-on-write pages, meaning that if either process writes to a shared page, a copy of the
shared page is created.
When it is determined a page is going to be duplicated using copy-on-write it is important to note where the
free page will be allocated from. Many operating systems provide a pool of free pages for such requests. These
free pages are typically allocated when the stack or heap for a process must expand or for managing copy-on-
write pages. Operating systems typically allocate these pages using a technique known as zero-fill-ondemand.
Zero-fill-on-demand pages have been zeroed out before allocating, thus deleting the previous contents on the
page. With copy-on-write the page being copied will be copied to a zero-filled page. Pages allocated for the
stack or heap is similarly assigned zero-filled pages.

CS604 – Final term Paper Spring (2012)

Q) What is mounting? And What is Mount Point?(p#226)

Answer:- Rep

Q) List down 2 major benefits of virtual memory 

 Answer:- (Page 185)
• Virtual Memory is the separation of user logical memory from physical memory. This separation allows an
extremely large virtual memory to be provided for programmers when only a smaller physical memory is available.
• Virtual memory makes the task of programming easier because the programmer need not worry about the amount
of physical memory

Q)  Possible criteria to decide that which process should be terminated while dead lock detection and
recovery,
Answer:- (Page 148)
When a deadlock detection algorithm determines that a deadlock exists, several alternatives exist. One possibility is
to inform the operator that a deadlock has occurred, and to let the operator deal with the deadlock manually. The
other possibility is to let the system recover from the deadlock automatically. There are two options for breaking a
deadlock. One solution is simply to abort one or more processes to break the circular wait. The second option is to
preempt some resources from one or more of the deadlocked processes
 
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Q ) what does the following command do in the LINX/UNIX operating system (P #26)
$mkdir ~/courses/cs604/program
Answer:- (Page 26)
Command creates the programs directory under your ~/courses/cs604 directory.

Q) Sometimes mkfifo call may be failure, write the reasons for failure if mkfifo call in Unix?
Answer:- (Page 26)
 File with the given name already exists
 Pathname too long
 A component in the pathname not searchable,
 Non-existent or non-directory
 Destination directory is read-only
 Not enough memory space available
 Signal caught during the execution of mkfifo()

Q) Which factors are determined to choose a process for Termination?

Answer:- (Page 148)
1. What the priority of the process is
2. How long the process has computed, and how much longer the process will compute before completing its
designated task.
3. How many and what type of resources the process has used
4. How many resources the process needs in order to complete
5. How many processes will need to be terminated
6. Whether the process is interactive or batch

Q) An address that is generated by CPU what is called?    (2)

Answer:- Rep

Q)Write the steps needed forpage replacement?

Answer:- Rep

 Q) Define mounting in Unix)

Answer:- Rep

Q) CPU sends the user or application request to the kernel. How kernal works on the request and fulfill it.
Answer:- (Page 15)
any user or application request that involves access to any system resource must be handled by the kernel code,
but user process must not be given open access to the kernel code for security reasons.

Q) Write the steps for converting  source code to executable form.

Answer:- Rep

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 CS604 – Final term Paper Spring (2011)

Question No: 41 ( Marks: 2 ) 

Give one solution of Dinning Philosophers problem.

Question No: 42 ( Marks: 2 ) 

In swapping what does mean by Roll In and Roll Out?

Question No: 43 ( Marks: 2 ) 

How taking backup in Linux / Unix is easier than windows?

Question No: 44 ( Marks: 2 ) 

Number of free frames = 64, Number of processes = 3 and Process sizes: P1 = 10 pages; P2 = 40 pages; P3 =
127 pages. Calculate free frames using fixed allocation method.

Question No: 45 ( Marks: 2 ) 

Virtual memory is a separation of user logical memory from Physical Memory. Is it makes programming easy
or difficult?

Question No: 46 ( Marks: 3 ) 

What do you understand by protection bit in Primary Protection Scheme under paging?

Question No: 47 ( Marks: 3 ) 

Is in necessary to have reference count with in a file descriptor in order to implement a soft link?

Question No: 48 ( Marks: 3 ) 

If a process is starved then a system is in state of Deadlock. Statement is correct or incorrect?

Question No: 49 ( Marks: 3 ) 

What I the difference in Deadlock Prevention and Deadlock Avoidance

Question No: 50 ( Marks: 3 ) 

Differentiate between a library call and a system call

Question No: 51 ( Marks: 5 ) 

Following hole sizes are available in a variable memory system
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20k 15k 40k 60k 10k 25k
A new process of 25k is loaded into system, which hole sizes will be used by Best Fit, First Fit and Worst Fit?

Question No: 52 ( Marks: 5 ) 

How a page fault occurs and who is responsible to handle page faults?

Question No: 53 ( Marks: 5 ) 

Differentiate between Least Frequent Used Algorithm and Most Frequent Used Algorithm in context of Page
Replacement Algorithms.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Scan Algorithm is sometimes called the elevator algorithm, why?

What is basic logic in FIFO page replacement algorithm?

What is Mounting? Name two types of mounting. Give your answer with respect to File System?

Write three main characteristics memory management System?

The major activities of an operating in regard to memory-management are:
Keep track of which part of memory are currently being used and by whom.
Decide which process are loaded into memory when memory space becomes available.
Allocate and deallocate memory space as needed.

Provide names of common file structures. none, Simple record structure, complex structure.

What do you think that why Main Memory is kept as a volatile memory and why not a permanent storage
device?

Summarize the tradeoffs among simple arrays, trees, and hash tables as implementations of a page table.

Name inter-process communication tools available in UNIX/Linux?

How to implement hold and wait which can ensure that a deadlock will not occur?
One question of Memory allocation in best fit worst case and first fit memory allocation

Mostly MCQ's were before mid term.

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marks 2:
i.busy waiting
ii.context switching
iii.Basic logic in FIFO page replacement algorithm, 
iv.formula to find size of page table,NP*PTES
v.file control block,
vi.one of the responsibility of O.S is to use computer hardware efficiently, so look algorithm for disk
scheduling,
marks 3:
i.structure of 2-level page table,
ii.if a process exits but its threads are still running, will they continue?
iii.one advantage and one disadvantage(internal fragmentation) of using a large block size to store file data,
iv.three major frames of allocation scheme, fixed proporsional,priority based.
v.in round robin scheduler deadlock and starvation can happen,

However, in a more general case, deadlock can occur in RR scheduling. Consider two processes and two locks.
Process A acquires lock 1 and then yields the processor to Process B. Process B then acquires lock 2 and
attempts to acquire lock 1. Because lock 1 belongs to Process A, process B will then sleep. Process A awakes
and attempts to acquire lock 2. Lock 2 still belongs to process B, so neither process can move forward and you
have a deadlock.

vi.three types of access modes and classes of users in UNIX protection,

marks 5:
i. A file system must keep track of free blocks on disk. Name two schemes for doing this, and one advantage
for each,
ii. find max. bits for page and frame where pages=16, frame=32
iii. possible criteria to decide that which process should be terminated while dead lock detection and recovery,
best of luck,
and remember me in your prayer,
and any one from you are in MCS 3rd semister plz contact with me,
[email protected]

q list down 2 major benefits of virtual memory

q what are the possible system for the input redirection in the UNIX/LINX system 
q what is the purpose of stud in dynamic linking ,give answer with respect to memory 
q what is use of mounting in file system 
q the scan algorithm is sometime called eveloater . why ?
q how operating attacks the" no preemption "condition necessary for feedback in order to solve the pro of
deadlock 
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q what is pager ? give answer with respect to virtual memory 
q what does the following command do in the LINX/UNIX operating system 
$mkdir/courses/cs604/program 
q how u can differentiate between external and internal fragmentation 
q how page fault freqancy can b used as a method of thrashing 
q 3 major frame allocation scheme 
q consider the round robin technique .do u think that the deadlock or starvation can happen in the round robin
tech scheduling 
q explain the work of copy on write with respect to virtual memory

+++++++++++++++++++++++++

2 marks questions:

Problem occur while trying to avoid the condition of hold and wait for deadlock?
Write Disadvantages of dynamic loading?
Write name of common file structure?
Is it possible to install virtual machine on windows platform to run LINUX and how?
What Difference between outer page and inner page table?

3 marks questions:
What are the three stages/times when the address is bound to instructions and data?
Write difference between binary and counting semaphore?
If we create a pipe and a pipe return a numeric value -1 what does it means?
Will CPU utilization is decrease due to high page fault rate?
If average page fault time is 20 milliseconds and memory access time is 100 nanoseconds
Then calculate effective access time?

5 marks questions:
Explain page fault and how to handle?
Write advantages of dynamic loading?
Explain page fault frequency model how to control page thrashing?

++++++++++++++++++

FINALTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010
CS604- Operating Systems (Session - 4)

19
Question No: 31 ( Marks: 2 )
When a process is rolled out of memory, it loses its ability to use the CPU
(at least for a while). Describe another situation where a process loses its
ability to use the CPU, but where the process does not get rolled out.

Where the Infinite loop starts it also be the cause to suspend the CPU from
working sitution to idle stat.

Question No: 32 ( Marks: 2 )

How can you achieve memory protection in paging?

memory protection in paging is achieved by associating protection bits with each

page. these bits are associated with each page table entry and specify protection
on the corresponding page.

Question No: 33 ( Marks: 2 )

What is the basic function of pipe system call?

the pipe system call creates a pipe and returns two file descriptors, one for
reading and second for writing.

Question No: 34 ( Marks: 2 )

Provide names of common file structures.

Question No: 35 ( Marks: 3 )

What is the structure of Two-Level Page Table?

Question No: 36 ( Marks: 3 )

Ignoring CPU overhead, what are the three primary components of disk access time (the time from
the request of a sector to the time that it is available to the CPU). Given a transfer of a single sector,
rank them according to their relative average cost.

Question No: 37 ( Marks: 3 )

Calculate the Average Waiting Time for four processes. Assume that
Processes come in the sequence of
P1,P2,P4, P3 at time=0 and scheduling
algorithm applied is FCFS.

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 Processes CPU Burst
P1 4
P2 1
P3 3
P4 2

Question No: 38 ( Marks: 3 )

What do you think that why Main Memory is kept as a volatile memory and why
not a permanent storage device?
In my view the Main memory is volatile because it has to maintain current and
pending jobs to do till job done it kept data then transfers to the permanemt
storage device but the permanent stroage has to only store the data so thats why
data cant be on stack always all data cant be in working.

Question No: 39 ( Marks: 5 )

Briefly explain Thrashing as it pertains to main memory management.

A process is thrashing if it is spending more time paging than executing. thrashing result
in severe performance problems: low cpu utilization, high disk utilization, low utilization
of other i/o devices.
Question No: 40 ( Marks: 5 )
Summarize the tradeoffs among simple arrays, trees, and hash tables as
implementations of a page table.

FINALTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010
CS604- Operating Systems (Session - 4)

Question No: 31 ( Marks: 2 )

Under what conditions can you use the Wait-for graph to detect deadlock?
ANS:
We use wait-for graph in a condition if all the resources have only a single instance, then we use deadlock
detection algorithm that uses a variant of the resource allocation graph.
Question No: 32 ( Marks: 2 )
List the four events that cause the execution of a piece of code in kernel.
Ans:
List the four events that cause the execution of a piece of code in kernel:
1- Interrupt
21
2- Trap
3- System call
4- signal

Question No: 33 ( Marks: 2 )

What is basic logic in FIFO page replacement algorithm?

Question No: 34 ( Marks: 2 )

The problem with using an acyclic-graph structure is ensuring that there are no cycles. What is the solution?

Question No: 35 ( Marks: 3 )

What are the three different stages/times when the addresses can be bound to instructions and data?

Question No: 36 ( Marks: 3 )

What is Mounting? Name two types of mounting. Give your answer with respect to File System?

Question No: 37 ( Marks: 3 )

List down two major benefits of Virtual Memory
Ans:
1-Users would be able to write programs for an extremely lagre virtual address space which simplify
the programming task.
2- less input and output needed to load or swap each user program into memory, so each user
program would run faster.

Question No: 38 ( Marks: 3 )

Write three main responsibilities of an operating system?
Ans:
1- manage secondary storage devices
2- manage processes
3- allow a user to manage files and directories properly

Question No: 39 ( Marks: 5 )

Briefly explain the difference Least frequently used and Most Frequently Used algorithms with respect
to Page Replacement techniques.
Ans:

Question No: 40 ( Marks: 5 )

Calculate the maximum no. of bits required for page number and no. of bits required for frames when
there are 16 pages and 32 frames in the system?

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