C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

Exercise- 1

1. A

Aim: Write a C program to print a block F using hash (#), where the F has a height of six
characters and width of five and four characters.

Source Code (cline.c):

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("######\n");
printf("#\n");
printf("#\n");
printf("#####\n");
printf("#\n");
printf("#\n");
printf("#\n");

return(0);
}

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

Output:

######
#
#
#####
#
#
#

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1. B
Aim: write a c program to compute the perimeter and area of a rectangle with a height of 7
inches and width of 5 inches.

Source code:

#include <stdio.h>
/* height and width of a rectangle in inches */
int width;
int height;

int area;
int perimeter;

int main() {
height = 7;
width = 5;

perimeter = 2*(height + width);

printf("Perimeter of the rectangle = %d inches\n", perimeter);
area = height * width;
printf("Area of the rectangle = %d square inches\n", area);

return(0);
}

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Output:

Perimeter of the rectangle = 24 inches

Area of the rectangle = 35 square inches

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1. C
Aim: Write a C program to display multiple variables.

Variable declaration:

int a = 125, b = 12345;

long ax = 1234567890;
short s = 4043;
float x = 2.13459;
double dx = 1.1415927;
char c = 'W';
unsigned long ux = 2541567890;

Source code:

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 125, b = 12345;
long ax = 1234567890;
short s = 4043;
float x = 2.13459;
double dx = 1.1415927;
char c = 'W';
unsigned long ux = 2541567890;

printf("a + c = %d\n", a + c);

printf("x + c = %f\n", x + c);
printf("dx + x = %f\n", dx + x);
printf("((int) dx) + ax = %ld\n", ((int) dx) + ax);
printf("a + x = %f\n", a + x);
printf("s + b = %d\n", s + b);
printf("ax + b = %ld\n", ax + b);
printf("s + c = %hd\n", s + c);
printf("ax + c = %ld\n", ax + c);
printf("ax + ux = %lu\n", ax + ux);

return 0;
}

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Output:
a + c = 212
x + c = 89.134590
dx + x = 3.276183
((int) dx) + ax = 1234567891
a + x = 127.134590
s + b = 16388
ax + b = 1234580235
s + c = 4130
ax + c = 1234567977
ax + ux = 3776135780

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Exercise- 2
2.a

Aim: Write a C program to calculate the distance between the two points.

Formula:

Source code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main() {
float x1, y1, x2, y2, gdistance;
printf("Input x1: ");
scanf("%f", &x1);
printf("Input y1: ");
scanf("%f", &y1);
printf("Input x2: ");
scanf("%f", &x2);
printf("Input y2: ");
scanf("%f", &y2);
gdistance = ((x2-x1)*(x2-x1))+((y2-y1)*(y2-y1));
printf("Distance between the said points: %.4f", sqrt(gdistance));
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

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Output:

Input x1: 25
Input y1: 15
Input x2: 35
Input y2: 10
Distance between the said points: 11.1803

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2. B
Aim: Write a c program that accepts 4 integers p,q,r,s from the user where r and s are
positive And p is even If q is greater than r and s is greater than p and if the sum of r and s is
greater than the sum of p and q print “correct values”, otherwise “wrong values”.

Source code:

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int p, q, r, s;
printf("\nInput the first integer: ");
scanf("%d", &p);
printf("\nInput the second integer: ");
scanf("%d", &q);
printf("\nInput the third integer: ");
scanf("%d", &r);
printf("\nInput the fourth integer: ");
scanf("%d", &s);
if((q > r) && (s > p) && ((r+s) > (p+q)) && (r > 0) && (s > 0) && (p%2==0))
{
printf("\nCorrect values\n");
}
else {
printf("\nWrong values\n");
}
return 0;
}

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Output:

Input the first integer: 25

Input the second integer: 35

Input the third integer: 15

Input the fourth integer: 46

Wrong values

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Exercise - 3
3. A

Aim: Write a C program to convert a string to a long integer.

Source code:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main ()
{
char buffer[] = "2016 40a0b0 -1101110100110111100110 0x5abfff";
char * ptr_end;
long int i1, i2, i3, i4;

i1 = strtol (buffer,&ptr_end,10);
i2 = strtol (ptr_end,&ptr_end,16);
i3 = strtol (ptr_end,&ptr_end,2);
i4 = strtol (ptr_end,NULL,0);
printf ("\nIn decimals: %ld, %ld, %ld, %ld.\n\n", i1, i2, i3, i4);
return 0;
}

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Output:

In decimals: 2016, 4235440, -3624422, 5947391.

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3. B

Aim: Write a program in C which is a Menu-Driven Program to compute the area of

the various geometrical shape.
Source code:

#include <stdio.h>
void main ()
{
int choice,r,l,w,b,h;
float area;
printf("Input 1 for area of circle\n");
printf("Input 2 for area of rectangle\n");
printf("Input 3 for area of triangle\n");
printf("Input your choice : ");
scanf("%d",&choice);
switch(choice)
{
case 1:
printf("Input radious of the circle : ");
scanf("%d",&r);
area=3.14*r*r;
break;
case 2:
printf("Input length and width of the rectangle : ");
scanf("%d%d",&l,&w);
area=l*w;
break;
case 3:
printf("Input the base and hight of the triangle :");
scanf("%d%d",&b,&h);
area=.5*b*h;
break;
}
printf("The area is : %f\n",area);
}

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Output:

Input 1 for area of circle

Input 2 for area of rectangle

Input 3 for area of triangle

Input your choice: 1

Input radius of the circle : 5

The area is: 78.500000

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3. C

Aim: Write a C program to calculate the factorial of a given number

Source code:

#include <stdio.h>
void main(){
int i,f=1,num;

printf("Input the number : ");

scanf("%d",&num);

for(i=1;i<=num;i++)
f=f*i;

printf("The Factorial of %d is: %d\n",num,f);

}

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Output:

Input the number: 5

The Factorial of 5 is: 120

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Exercise – 4
4. A

Aim: Write a program in C to display the n terms of even natural number and their sum.

Source code:

#include <stdio.h>

void main()
{
int i,n,sum=0;

printf("Input number of terms : ");

scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nThe even numbers are :");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("%d ",2*i);
sum+=2*i;
}
printf("\nThe Sum of even Natural Number upto %d terms : %d \n",n,sum);
}

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Output:

Input number of terms : 5

The even numbers are :2 4 6 8 10

The Sum of even Natural Number upto 5 terms : 30

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4. B

Aim: Write a program in C to display the n terms of harmonic series and their
sum. 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + 1/5 ... 1/n terms.
Source code:

#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i,n;
float s=0.0;
printf("Input the number of terms : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\n\n");
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if(i<n)
{
printf("1/%d + ",i);
s+=1/(float)i;
}
if(i==n)
{
printf("1/%d ",i);
s+=1/(float)i;
}
}
printf("\nSum of Series upto %d terms : %f \n",n,s);
}

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Output:

Input the number of terms : 5

1/1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + 1/5

Sum of Series up to 5 terms: 2.283334

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4. C

Aim: Write a C program to check whether a given number is an Armstrong number or not.

Source Code:

#include <stdio.h>

void main(){

int num,r,sum=0,temp;

printf("Input a number: ");

scanf("%d",&num);

for(temp=num;num!=0;num=num/10){

r=num % 10;

sum=sum+(r*r*r);

if(sum==temp)

printf("%d is an Armstrong number.\n",temp);

else

printf("%d is not an Armstrong number.\n",temp);

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Output:

Input a number: 153

153 is an Armstrong number.

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Exercise – 5
5.1

Aim: Write a program in C to print all unique elements in an array.

Source code:

#include <stdio.h>

void main()
{
int arr1[100], n,ctr=0;
int i, j, k;

printf("\n\nPrint all unique elements of an array:\n");

printf("------------------------------------------\n");

printf("Input the number of elements to be stored in the array :");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Input %d elements in the array :\n",n);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i]);
}

printf("\nThe unique elements found in the array are : \n");

for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
ctr=0;

for(j=0; j<i-1; j++)

{
if(arr1[i]==arr1[j])
{
ctr++;
}
}

for(k=i+1; k<n; k++)

{
if(arr1[i]==arr1[k])
{
ctr++;
}
}

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if(ctr==0)
{
printf("%d ",arr1[i]);
}
}
printf("\n\n");
}

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Output:

Print all unique elements of an array:

------------------------------------------

Input the number of elements to be stored in the array: 3

Input 3 elements in the array:

Element - 0 : 1

Element - 1 : 5

Element - 2 : 1

The unique elements found in the array are: 5

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5. B

Aim: Write a program in C to separate odd and even integers in separate arrays.

Source Code:

#include <stdio.h>

void main()
{
int arr1[10], arr2[10], arr3[10];
int i,j=0,k=0,n;

printf("\n\nSeparate odd and even integers in separate arrays:\n");

printf("------------------------------------------------------\n");

printf("Input the number of elements to be stored in the array :");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Input %d elements in the array :\n",n);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i]);
}

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if (arr1[i]%2 == 0)
{
arr2[j] = arr1[i];
j++;
}
else
{
arr3[k] = arr1[i];
k++;
}
}

printf("\nThe Even elements are : \n");

for(i=0;i<j;i++)
{
printf("%d ",arr2[i]);
}

printf("\nThe Odd elements are :\n");

for(i=0;i<k;i++)

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{
printf("%d ", arr3[i]);
}
printf("\n\n");
}

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Output:

Separate odd and even integers in separate arrays:

------------------------------------------------------

Input the number of elements to be stored in the array :5

Input 5 elements in the array :

element - 0 : 25

element - 1 : 47

element - 2 : 42

element - 3 : 56

element - 4 : 32

The Even elements are :

42 56 32

The Odd elements are :

25 47

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5. C

Aim: Write a program in C to sort elements of array in ascending order.

Source Code:

#include <stdio.h>

void main()
{
int arr1[100];
int n, i, j, tmp;

printf("\n\nsort elements of array in ascending order :\n ");

printf("----------------------------------------------\n");

printf("Input the size of array : ");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Input %d elements in the array :\n",n);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i]);
}

for(i=0; i<n; i++)

{
for(j=i+1; j<n; j++)
{
if(arr1[j] <arr1[i])
{
tmp = arr1[i];
arr1[i] = arr1[j];
arr1[j] = tmp;
}
}
}
printf("\nElements of array in sorted ascending order:\n");
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
printf("%d ", arr1[i]);
}
printf("\n\n");
}

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Output:

sort elements of array in ascending order :

----------------------------------------------

Input the size of array : 5

Input 5 elements in the array :

element - 0 : 2

element - 1 : 7

element - 2 : 4

element - 3 : 5

element - 4 : 9

Elements of array in sorted ascending order:

2 4 5 7 9

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Exercise – 6

6. A

Aim: Write a program in C for multiplication of two square Matrices.

Source code:
#include <stdio.h>

void main()
{
int arr1[50][50],brr1[50][50],crr1[50][50],i,j,k,r1,c1,r2,c2,sum=0;

printf("\n\nMultiplication of two Matrices :\n");

printf("----------------------------------\n");

printf("\nInput the rows and columns of first matrix : ");

scanf("%d %d",&r1,&c1);
printf("\nInput the rows and columns of second matrix : ");
scanf("%d %d",&r2,&c2);
if(c1!=r2){
printf("Mutiplication of Matrix is not possible.");
printf("\nColumn of first matrix and row of second matrix must be same.");
}
else
{
printf("Input elements in the first matrix :\n");
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c1;j++)
{
printf("element - [%d],[%d] : ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Input elements in the second matrix :\n");
for(i=0;i<r2;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
{
printf("element - [%d],[%d] : ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&brr1[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\nThe First matrix is :\n");
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<c1;j++)
printf("%d\t",arr1[i][j]);

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printf("\nThe Second matrix is :\n");

for(i=0;i<r2;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
printf("%d\t",brr1[i][j]);
}
//multiplication of matrix
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
crr1[i][j]=0;
for(i=0;i<r1;i++) //row of first matrix
{
for(j=0;j<c2;j++) //column of second matrix
{
sum=0;
for(k=0;k<c1;k++)
sum=sum+arr1[i][k]*brr1[k][j];
crr1[i][j]=sum;
}
}
printf("\nThe multiplication of two matrices is : \n");
for(i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<c2;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",crr1[i][j]);
}
}
}
printf("\n\n");
}

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Output:
Multiplication of two Matrices :
----------------------------------
Input the rows and columns of first matrix : 2
2
Input the rows and columns of second matrix : 2
2
Input elements in the first matrix :
element - [0],[0] : 1
element - [0],[1] : 2
element - [1],[0] : 3
element - [1],[1] : 4
Input elements in the second matrix :
element - [0],[0] : 5
element - [0],[1] : 6
element - [1],[0] : 7
element - [1],[1] : 8
The First matrix is :
1 2
2 4

The Second matrix is :

5 6
7 8
The multiplication of two matrices is :
19 22
43 50

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6.b
Aim: Write a program in C to find transpose of a given matrix.
Source code:

#include <stdio.h>

void main()

{
int arr1[50][50],brr1[50][50],i,j,k=0,r,c;

printf("\n\nTranspose of a Matrix :\n");

printf("---------------------------\n");

printf("\nInput the rows and columns of the matrix : ");

scanf("%d %d",&r,&c);

printf("Input elements in the first matrix :\n");

for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{
printf("element - [%d],[%d] : ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i][j]);
}
}

printf("\nThe matrix is :\n");

for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
printf("%d\t",arr1[i][j]);
}

for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{
brr1[j][i]=arr1[i][j];
}
}

printf("\n\nThe transpose of a matrix is : ");

for(i=0;i<c;i++){
printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<r;j++){
printf("%d\t",brr1[i][j]);

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}
}
printf("\n\n");
}

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Output:
Transpose of a Matrix :
---------------------------
Input the rows and columns of the matrix : 2 2
Input elements in the first matrix :
element - [0],[0] : 1
element - [0],[1] : 2
element - [1],[0] : 3
element - [1],[1] : 4

The matrix is :
1 2
2 4
The transpose of a matrix is :
1 3
2 4

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Exercise – 7

7. A
Aim: Write a program in C to search an element in a row wise and column wise sorted
matrix.
Source code:

#include <stdio.h>

int searchElement(int arr2D[4][4], int n, int x)

int i = 0, j = n-1;

while ( i < n && j >= 0 )

if ( arr2D[i][j] == x )

printf("\nThe element Found at the position in the matrix is: %d, %d", i, j);

return 1;

if ( arr2D[i][j] < x )

j--;

else

i++;

printf("\nThe given element not found in the 2D array.");

return 0;

int main()

int arr2D[4][4] = { {15, 23, 31, 39},

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{18, 26, 36, 43},

{25, 28, 37, 48},

{30, 34, 39, 50},

};

int i,j,v;

v=37;

//------------- print original array ------------------

printf("The given array in matrix form is : \n");

for(i = 0; i < 4; i++)

for (j=0;j<4;j++)

printf("%d ", arr2D[i][j]);

printf("\n");

//------------------------------------------------------

printf("The given value for searching is: %d",v);

searchElement(arr2D, 4, v);

return 0;

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Output:
The given array in matrix form is :
15 23 31 39
18 26 36 43
25 28 37 48
30 34 39 50
The given value for searching is: 37
The element Found at the position in the matrix is: 2, 2

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7. B
Aim: Write a program in C to print individual characters of string in reverse order.
Source Code:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

void main()

char str[100]; /* Declares a string of size 100 */

int l,i;

printf("\n\nPrint individual characters of string in reverse order :\n");

printf("------------------------------------------------------\n");

printf("Input the string : ");

fgets(str, sizeof str, stdin);

l=strlen(str);

printf("The characters of the string in reverse are : \n");

for(i=l;i>=0;i--)

printf("%c ", str[i]);

printf("\n");

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Output:

Print individual characters of string in reverse order :

-----------------------------------------------------------
Input the string : w3resource.com
The characters of the string in reverse are :
m o c . e c r u o s e r 3 w

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Exercise – 8

8. A

Aim: Write a program in C to compare two strings without using string library functions.
Source code:
#include<stdio.h>
 
int main() {
   char str1[30], str2[30];
   int i;
 
   printf("\nEnter two strings :");
   gets(str1);
   gets(str2);
 
   i = 0;
   while (str1[i] == str2[i] && str1[i] != '\0')
      i++;
   if (str1[i] > str2[i])
      printf("str1 > str2");
   else if (str1[i] < str2[i])
      printf("str1 < str2");
   else
      printf("str1 = str2");
 
   return (0);
}

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Output:
Enter two strings: NSRIT
CSE Department
Str1 > Str2

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8. B
Aim: Write a program in C to copy one string to another string.
Source code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void main()
{
char str1[100], str2[100];
int i;

printf("\n\nCopy one string into another string :\n");

printf("-----------------------------------------\n");
printf("Input the string : ");
fgets(str1, sizeof str1, stdin);

/* Copies string1 to string2 character by character */

i=0;
while(str1[i]!='\0')
{
str2[i] = str1[i];
i++;
}

//Makes sure that the string is NULL terminated

str2[i] = '\0';

printf("\nThe First string is : %s\n", str1);

printf("The Second string is : %s\n", str2);
printf("Number of characters copied : %d\n\n", i);
}

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Output:

Copy one string into another string :

-----------------------------------------
Input the string : This is a string to be copied.

The First string is : This is a string to be copied.

The Second string is : This is a string to be copied.

Number of characters copied : 31

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Exercises - 9

9. A
Aim: Write a C Program to Store Information Using Structures with Dynamically
Memory Allocation
Source code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

struct course
{
int marks;
char subject[30];
};

int main()
{
struct course *ptr;
int i, noOfRecords;
printf("Enter number of records: ");
scanf("%d", &noOfRecords);

// Allocates the memory for noOfRecords structures with pointer ptr pointing to the base
address.
ptr = (struct course*) malloc (noOfRecords * sizeof(struct course));

for(i = 0; i < noOfRecords; ++i)

{
printf("Enter name of the subject and marks respectively:\n");
scanf("%s %d", &(ptr+i)->subject, &(ptr+i)->marks);
}

printf("Displaying Information:\n");

for(i = 0; i < noOfRecords ; ++i)

printf("%s\t%d\n", (ptr+i)->subject, (ptr+i)->marks);

return 0;
}

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

Output:
Enter number of records: 2
Enter name of the subject and marks respectively
Programming
22
Enter name of the subject and marks respectively:
Structure
33
Displaying Information:
Programming 22
Structure 33

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

9. B
Aim: Write a program in C to demonstrate how to handle the pointers in the program.

Source code:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int* ab;
int m;
m=29;
printf("\n\n Pointer : How to handle the pointers in the program :\n");
printf("------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf(" Here in the declaration ab = int pointer, int m= 29\n\n");

printf(" Address of m : %p\n",&m);

printf(" Value of m : %d\n\n",m);
ab=&m;
printf(" Now ab is assigned with the address of m.\n");
printf(" Address of pointer ab : %p\n",ab);
printf(" Content of pointer ab : %d\n\n",*ab);
m=34;
printf(" The value of m assigned to 34 now.\n");
printf(" Address of pointer ab : %p\n",ab);
printf(" Content of pointer ab : %d\n\n",*ab);
*ab=7;
printf(" The pointer variable ab is assigned the value 7 now.\n");
printf(" Address of m : %p\n",&m);//as ab contain the address of m
//so *ab changed the value of m and now m become 7
printf(" Value of m : %d\n\n",m);
return 0;
}

NSRIT Page 48
 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

Output:

Pointer: How to handle the pointers in the program:

------------------------------------------------------------
Here in the declaration ab = int pointer, int m= 29
Address of m : 0x7fff24a3f8bc
Value of m : 29
Now ab is assigned with the address of m.
Address of pointer ab : 0x7fff24a3f8bc
Content of pointer ab : 29
The value of m assigned to 34 now.
Address of pointer ab : 0x7fff24a3f8bc
Content of pointer ab : 34
The pointer variable ab is assigned the value 7 now.
Address of m : 0x7fff24a3f8bc
Value of m : 7

NSRIT Page 49
 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

Exercise - 10

10. A
Aim: Write a program in C to demonstrate the use of & (address of) and *(value at
address) operator
Source code:
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int m=300;
float fx = 300.60;
char cht = 'z';

printf("\n\n Pointer : Demonstrate the use of & and * operator :\n");

printf("--------------------------------------------------------\n");

int *pt1;
float *pt2;
char *pt3;
pt1= &m;
pt2=&fx;
pt3=&cht;
printf ( " m = %d\n",m);
printf ( " fx = %f\n",fx);
printf ( " cht = %c\n",cht);
printf("\n Using & operator :\n");
printf("-----------------------\n");
printf ( " address of m = %p\n",&m);
printf ( " address of fx = %p\n",&fx);
printf ( " address of cht = %p\n",&cht);
printf("\n Using & and * operator :\n");
printf("-----------------------------\n");
printf ( " value at address of m = %d\n",*(&m));
printf ( " value at address of fx = %f\n",*(&fx));
printf ( " value at address of cht = %c\n",*(&cht));
printf("\n Using only pointer variable :\n");
printf("----------------------------------\n");
printf ( " address of m = %p\n",pt1);
printf ( " address of fx = %p\n",pt2);
printf ( " address of cht = %p\n",pt3);
printf("\n Using only pointer operator :\n");
printf("----------------------------------\n");
printf ( " value at address of m = %d\n",*pt1);
printf ( " value at address of fx= %f\n",*pt2);
printf ( " value at address of cht= %c\n\n",*pt3);
}

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

Output:
Pointer: Demonstrate the use of & and * operator:
--------------------------------------------------------
m = 300
fx = 300.600006
cht = z
Using & operator:
-----------------------
address of m = 0x7fff71cd0b38
address of fx = 0x7fff71cd0b3c
address of cht = 0x7fff71cd0b37
Using & and * operator :
-----------------------------
value at address of m = 300
value at address of fx = 300.600006
value at address of cht = z
Using only pointer variable :
----------------------------------
address of m = 0x7fff71cd0b38
address of fx = 0x7fff71cd0b3c
address of cht = 0x7fff71cd0b37
Using only pointer operator :
----------------------------------
value at address of m = 300
value at address of fx= 300.600006
value at address of cht= z

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

10. B
Aim: Write a program in C to add two numbers using pointers.

Source code:

#include <stdio.h> 

int main()

   int first, second, *p, *q, sum;

   printf("Enter two integers to add\n");

   scanf("%d%d", &first, &second);

   p = &first;

   q = &second;

   sum = *p + *q;

   printf("Sum of the numbers = %d\n", sum);

   return 0;

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Output:

Enter two integers to add

Sum of entered numberce=9

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

Exercise – 11

11. A

Aim: Write a program in C to add numbers using call by reference.

Source Code:

#include <stdio.h>
long addTwoNumbers(long *, long *);

int main()
{
long fno, sno, *ptr, *qtr, sum;

printf("\n\n Pointer : Add two numbers using call by reference:\n");

printf("-------------------------------------------------------\n");

printf(" Input the first number : ");

scanf("%ld", &fno);
printf(" Input the second number : ");
scanf("%ld", &sno);
sum = addTwoNumbers(&fno, &sno);
printf(" The sum of %ld and %ld is %ld\n\n", fno, sno, sum);
return 0;
}
long addTwoNumbers(long *n1, long *n2)
{
long sum;
sum = *n1 + *n2;
return sum;
}

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

Output:

Pointer: Add two numbers using call by reference:

Input the first number: 5

Input the second number: 6

The sum of 5 and 6 is 11

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

11. B

Aim: Write a program in C to find the largest element using Dynamic Memory Allocation.
Source code:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

int main()

int i,n;

float *element;

printf("\n\n Pointer : Find the largest element using Dynamic Memory Allocation :\
n");

printf("-------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");

printf(" Input total number of elements(1 to 100): ");

scanf("%d",&n);

element=(float*)calloc(n,sizeof(float)); // Memory is allocated for 'n' elements

if(element==NULL)

printf(" No memory is allocated.");

exit(0);

printf("\n");

for(i=0;i<n;++i)

printf(" Number %d: ",i+1);

scanf("%f",element+i);

for(i=1;i<n;++i)

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if(*element<*(element+i))

*element=*(element+i);

printf(" The Largest element is : %.2f \n\n",*element);

return 0;

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

Output:]

Pointer: Find the largest element using Dynamic Memory Allocation :

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Input total number of elements (1 to 100): 5
Number 1: 5
Number 2: 7
Number 3: 2
Number 4: 9
Number 5: 8
The Largest element is: 9.00

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

Exercise – 12

12. A
Aim: Write a program in C to swap elements using call by reference.
Source code:
#include <stdio.h>
void swapNumbers(int *x,int *y,int *z);
int main()
{
int e1,e2,e3;
printf("\n\n Pointer : Swap elements using call by reference :\n");
printf("------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf(" Input the value of 1st element : ");
scanf("%d",&e1);
printf(" Input the value of 2nd element : ");
scanf("%d",&e2);
printf(" Input the value of 3rd element : ");
scanf("%d",&e3);

printf("\n The value before swapping are :\n");

printf(" element 1 = %d\n element 2 = %d\n element 3 = %d\n",e1,e2,e3);
swapNumbers(&e1,&e2,&e3);
printf("\n The value after swapping are :\n");
printf(" element 1 = %d\n element 2 = %d\n element 3 = %d\n\n",e1,e2,e3);
return 0;
}
void swapNumbers(int *x,int *y,int *z)
{
int tmp;
tmp=*y;
*y=*x;
*x=*z;
*z=tmp;
}

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

Output:

Pointer : Swap elements using call by reference :

------------------------------------------------------
Input the value of 1st element : 5
Input the value of 2nd element : 6
Input the value of 3rd element : 7

The value before swapping are :

element 1 = 5
element 2 = 6
element 3 = 7

The value after swapping are :

element 1 = 7
element 2 = 5
element 3 = 6

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

12. B

Aim: Write a program in C to count the number of vowels and consonants in a string
using a pointer.
Source code:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[100];
char *p;
int vCount=0,cCount=0;

printf("Enter any string: ");

fgets(str, 100, stdin);

//assign base address of char array to pointer

p=str;

//'\0' signifies end of the string

while(*p!='\0')
{
if(*p=='A' ||*p=='E' ||*p=='I' ||*p=='O' ||*p=='U'
||*p=='a' ||*p=='e' ||*p=='i' ||*p=='o' ||*p=='u')
vCount++;
else
cCount++;
//increase the pointer, to point next character
p++;
}

printf("Number of Vowels in String: %d\n",vCount);

printf("Number of Consonants in String: %d",cCount);
return 0;
}

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Output:

Entered a string: beginnersbook

No of vowels in string: 5
No of consonants in string: 9

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

Exercise -13

13. A

Aim: Write a program in C to show how a function returning pointer.

Source Code:

#include <stdio.h>
int* findLarger(int*, int*);
void main()
{
int numa=0;
int numb=0;
int *result;
printf("\n\n Pointer : Show a function returning pointer :\n");
printf("--------------------------------------------------\n");
printf(" Input the first number : ");
scanf("%d", &numa);
printf(" Input the second number : ");
scanf("%d", &numb);

result=findLarger(&numa, &numb);
printf(" The number %d is larger. \n\n",*result);
}

int* findLarger(int *n1, int *n2)

{
if(*n1 > *n2)
return n1;
else
return n2;
}

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Output:

Pointer: Show a function returning pointer :

--------------------------------------------------

Input the first number: 5

Input the second number: 6

The number 6 is larger.

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13. B

Aim: Write a C program to find sum of n elements entered by user. To perform this
program, allocate memory dynamically using malloc( ) function.
Source code:
#include #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
int n, i, *ptr, sum = 0;

printf("Enter number of elements: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

ptr = (int*) malloc(n * sizeof(int));

// if memory cannot be allocated

if(ptr == NULL)
{
printf("Error! memory not allocated.");
exit(0);
}

printf("Enter elements: ");

for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
scanf("%d", ptr + i);
sum += *(ptr + i);
}

printf("Sum = %d", sum);

// deallocating the memory

free(ptr);

return 0;
}
}

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Output:

Enter size: 2
Addresses of previously allocated memory:26855472
26855476

Enter the new size: 4

Addresses of newly allocated memory:26855472
26855476
26855480
26855484

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Exercise - 14

14. A

Aim: Write a C program to find sum of n elements entered by user. To perform this
program, allocate memory dynamically using calloc( ) function. Understand the
difference between the above two programs

Source code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
int n, i, *ptr, sum = 0;
printf("Enter number of elements: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

ptr = (int*) calloc(n, sizeof(int));

if(ptr == NULL)
{
printf("Error! memory not allocated.");
exit(0);
}

printf("Enter elements: ");

for(i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
scanf("%d", ptr + i);
sum += *(ptr + i);
}
printf("Sum = %d", sum);
free(ptr);
return 0;
}

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

Output:

Enter size: 2
Addresses of previously allocated memory:26855472
26855476

Enter the new size: 4

Addresses of newly allocated memory:26855472
26855476
26855480
26855484

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

14. B

Aim: Write a program in C to convert decimal number to binary number using the function.
Source code:

#include<stdio.h>

long toBin(int);

int main()
{
long bno;
int dno;
printf("\n\n Function : convert decimal to binary :\n");
printf("-------------------------------------------\n");
printf(" Input any decimal number : ");
scanf("%d",&dno);
bno = toBin(dno);
printf("\n The Binary value is : %ld\n\n",bno);

return 0;
}
long toBin(int dno)
{
long bno=0,remainder,f=1;
while(dno != 0)
{
remainder = dno % 2;
bno = bno + remainder * f;
f = f * 10;
dno = dno / 2;
}
return bno;
}

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Output:

Function: convert decimal to binary :

-------------------------------------------
Input any decimal number: 65

The Binary value is: 1000001

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

Exercise - 15

15. A
Aim: Write a program in C to check whether a number is a prime number or not using
the function.
Source code:
#include<stdio.h>
int PrimeOrNot(int);
int main()
{
int n1,prime;
printf("\n\n Function : check whether a number is prime number or not :\n");
printf("---------------------------------------------------------------\n");

printf(" Input a positive number : ");

scanf("%d",&n1);
prime = PrimeOrNot(n1);
if(prime==1)
printf(" The number %d is a prime number.\n",n1);
else
printf(" The number %d is not a prime number.\n",n1);
return 0;
}
int PrimeOrNot(int n1)
{
int i=2;
while(i<=n1/2)
{
if(n1%i==0)
return 0;
else
i++;
}
return 1;
}

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

Output:

Function : check whether a number is prime number or not

---------------------------------------------------------------
Input a positive number : 5
The number 5 is a prime number.

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

15. B
Aim: Write a program in C to get the largest element of an array using the function.

Source code:

#include<stdio.h>
#define MAX 100

int findMaxElem(int []);

int n;

int main()
{
int arr1[MAX],mxelem,i;
printf("\n\n Function : get largest element of an array :\n");
printf("-------------------------------------------------\n");

printf(" Input the number of elements to be stored in the array :");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf(" Input %d elements in the array :\n",n);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf(" element - %d : ",i);
scanf("%d",&arr1[i]);
}
mxelem=findMaxElem(arr1);

printf(" The largest element in the array is : %d\n\n",mxelem);

return 0;
}
int findMaxElem(int arr1[])
{
int i=1,mxelem;
mxelem=arr1[0];
while(i < n)
{
if(mxelem<arr1[i])
mxelem=arr1[i];
i++;
}
return mxelem;
}

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

Output:

Function : get largest element of an array :

-------------------------------------------------
Input the number of elements to be stored in the array :5
Input 5 elements in the array :
element - 0 : 1
element - 1 : 2
element - 2 : 3
element - 3 : 4
element - 4 : 5
The largest element in the array is : 5

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

Exercise - 16

16. A
Aim: Write a program in C to append multiple lines at the end of a text file.
Source code:

#include <stdio.h>

int main ()
{
FILE * fptr;
int i,n;
char str[100];
char fname[20];
char str1;

printf("\n\n Append multiple lines at the end of a text file :\n");

printf("------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf(" Input the file name to be opened : ");
scanf("%s",fname);
fptr = fopen(fname, "a");
printf(" Input the number of lines to be written : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf(" The lines are : \n");
for(i = 0; i < n+1;i++)
{
fgets(str, sizeof str, stdin);
fputs(str, fptr);
}
fclose (fptr);
//----- Read the file after appended -------
fptr = fopen (fname, "r");
printf("\n The content of the file %s is :\n",fname);
str1 = fgetc(fptr);
while (str1 != EOF)
{
printf ("%c", str1);
str1 = fgetc(fptr);
}
printf("\n\n");
fclose (fptr);
//------- End of reading ------------------
return 0;
}

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

Output:

Append multiple lines at the end of a text file :

------------------------------------------------------
Input the file name to be opened : test.txt
Input the number of lines to be written : 3
The lines are :
test line 5
test line 6
test line 7

The content of the file test.txt is :

test line 1
test line 2
test line 3
test line 4
test line 5
test line 6
test line 7

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

16. B

Aim: Write a program in C to copy a file in another name.

Source code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> // For exit()
  
int main()
{
    FILE *fptr1, *fptr2;
    char filename[100], c;
  
    printf("Enter the filename to open for reading \n");
    scanf("%s", filename);
  
    fptr1 = fopen(filename, "r");
    if (fptr1 == NULL)
    {
        printf("Cannot open file %s \n", filename);
        exit(0);
    }
  
    printf("Enter the filename to open for writing \n");
    scanf("%s", filename);
     
 fptr2 = fopen(filename, "w");
    if (fptr2 == NULL)
    {
        printf("Cannot open file %s \n", filename);
        exit(0);
    }
  
    c = fgetc(fptr1);
    while (c != EOF)
    {
        fputc(c, fptr2);
        c = fgetc(fptr1);
    }
  
    printf("\nContents copied to %s", filename);
  
    fclose(fptr1);
    fclose(fptr2);
    return 0;
}

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Output:

Enter the filename to open for reading

a.txt
Enter the filename to open for writing
b.txt
Contents copied to b.txt

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

16. C

Aim: Write a program in C to remove a file from the disk.

Source code:

#include <stdio.h>

void main()
{
int status;
char fname[20];
printf("\n\n Remove a file from the disk :\n");
printf("----------------------------------\n");
printf(" Input the name of file to delete : ");
scanf("%s",fname);
status=remove(fname);
if(status==0)
{
printf(" The file %s is deleted successfully..!!\n\n",fname);
}
else
{
printf(" Unable to delete file %s\n\n",fname);
}
}

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

Output:

Remove a file from the disk:

----------------------------------

Input the name of file to delete: test.txt

The file test.txt is deleted successfully..!!

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

Additional programs:

Aim: Write a c program to illustrating factorial with recursion without recursion

Source code:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n1, n2, ch;
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the first number:");
scanf("%d", &n1);
printf("\n Enter the second number:");
scanf("%d", &n2);
printf("\n [1] -> Addition ");
printf("\n [2] -> Subtraction ");
printf("\n [3] -> Multiplication ");
printf("\n [4] -> Division ");
printf("\n\n Enter your choice <1...4>:");
scanf("%d", &ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1 :
printf("\n %d + %d = %d", n1, n2, n1 + n2) ;
break ;
case 2 :
printf("\n %d - %d = %d", n1, n2, n1 - n2) ;
break ;
case 3 :
printf("\n %d * %d = %d", n1, n2, n1 * n2);
break ;
case 4 :
printf("\n %d / %d = %.2f", n1, n2, (float)n1 / n2);

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break ;
default :
printf("\n Invalid choice");
break ;
}
getch();
}

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Output:
Enter the first number: 3
Enter the second number: 6
[1]  Addition
[2]  Subtraction
[3]  Multiplication
[4]  Division
Enter your choice <1…4> : 1
3+6 = 9

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

2.

Aim: Write a c program to make a single calculator to add, subtract, multiply or divide
using switch case

Source code:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,n;
int recfib(int);
void nonrecfib(int);
clrscr();
printf("\n Enter the numbers:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\n The Fibonacci series using recursion is:");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%d\t",recfib(i));
printf("\n The Fibonacci series without using recursion is:");
nonrecfib(n);
}
int recfib(int x)
{
if(x==0)
return 0;
else if(x==1)
return 1;
else
return recfib(x-1)+recfib(x-2);
}
void nonrecfib(int c)
{
int a=0,b=1,d,i;
printf("\n%d\t%d",a,b);

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for(i=3;i<=c;i++)
{
d=a+b;
printf("\t%d",d);
a=b;
b=d;
}
}

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 C PROGRAMMING LAB MANUAL FOR R19

Output:
Enter the numbers: 8
The Fibonacci series using recursion is: 
0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13
The Fibonacci series without using recursion is:
 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13

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