INDEX

S.No. Topic Page. No.

PHYSICS

1. MEASUREMENT
Concept - I Measurable quantities 04 - 10
Concept - II Derived physical quantities and units 11 - 18

2. FORCE AND MOTION

Concept - I Movements - Nature of force 19 - 24

Concept - II Effects of Force 25 - 30
3. Concept - I Work and Energy 31 - 35
4. Concept - I Light and Shadow 36 - 44

CHEMISTRY

1. Concept - I Physical changes 46 - 56

2. Concept - II Chemical changes 57 - 67
3. Concept - III Fundamentals of Chemistry 68 - 83
4. Concept - IV Hydrogen and Oxygen 84 - 94
PHYSICS - V
1. MEASUREMENT
CONCEPT - I
MEASURABLE QUANTITIES
Ø Measurement :
The activity of ascertaining the extent of given quantity by comparison with a standard is called
measurement. (Or) The act of measuring is called measurement.
Quantity : Quantity means size or amount of a given quality.
Physical quantity : A quantity which can be measured is called physical quantity.
Eg : Length, area, volume, speed, force, energy, etc
Ø The physical quantities are classified into following types :
i) Fundamental physical quantities
ii) Supplementary physical quantities
iii) Derived physical quantities
Ø Various Systems of Units :
To measure the fundamental quantities length, mass and time, earlier there were three systems of units.
They were F.P.S system (British system). C.G.S system (Metric system) and M.K.S system.
System Fundamental Physical Quantities
Units Length Mass Time
F. P. S foot (ft) pound (Lb) second (s)
C. G. S centimetre (cm) gram (g) second (s)
M. K. S metre (m) kilogram (kg) second (s)

In 1960, Eleventh general conference of weights and Measures introduced rationalized system of units.
This system of units is called system of international (S.I). In S.I system there are seven fundamental
physical quantities.
Mass, length, time, thermodynamic temperature, luminous intensity, electric current, amount of substance
are classified as fundamental physical quantities in S.I.
In addition to these two more physical quantities like plane angle and solid angle are introduced as
supplementary physical quantities.
1. Table of fundamental units :
Physical Quantity Unit Symbol
Length metre m
Mass kilogram kg
Time second s
Strength of electric current ampere A
Thermodynamic temperature kelvin K
Amount of substance mole mol
Luminous Intensity candela cd
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2. Table of supplementary quantities :
Supplementary Quantity Unit Symbol
plane angle radian rad
solid angle steradian sr
All the units and their symbols are to be written strictly as they are represented in the table of S.I units
Ø FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
The physical quantities which can exist independently are called fundamental quantities. The units of
fundamental quantities are called fundamental units.
The Fundamental physical quantities we experience in daily life are.
1. Mass : The quantity of matter present in an object or body is called mass.

2. Length : The extent from end to end of an object is called length. Depending on the direction of
considering the ends of an object, it may be treated as breadth or height.

3. Time : The interval between two events is referred as time.

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4. Amount of substance : When we observe the bodies microscopically we understand that objects and
materials are made up of small tiny particles called molecules and atoms. The term we use to refer the
number of molecules or atoms in a material is mole. It is a number which describes the amount of
substance.

1 mole = 6.023 × 1023

5. Thermodynamic temperature : The degree of hotness or coldness of body is called thermodynamic

temperature.

6. Luminous Intensity : The luminous flux emitted through unit solid angle is called luminous intensity.
Luminous flux : The total amount of light energy radiated from light source in all directions.

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7. Electric current : The rate of flow of charge through the conductor is called electric current.

The supplementary physical quantities :

1. Plane Angle : The union of two rays having same initial point is called plane angle.

2. Solid Angle : The angle present in a cone at the vertex is called solid angle.

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II. When we observe the moving objects around us, the fundamental physical quantities we experience
are
1. Path : It is the line joining the successive positions of a
body in motion.
2. Distance : Length of the path is called distance.
3. Displacement : The length of the line joining initial and
final positions of a body in motion. It is specified with
direction.
Unit : Unit is a standard measure of any physical quantity.
Unit is also a value. Every physical quantity (P) is
expressed as number (N) followed by its unit (U) = NU

CLARITY ACHIEVER - I
Choose the correct Answer :
1. A measurable quantity is taken as a : [ ]
a) physical quantity b) fundamental quantity
c) derived quantity d) supplementary quantity
2. The quantity of matter present in an object is called : [ ]
a) weight b) volume c) mass d) density
3. The weighing machine is used to measure ______ of body. [ ]
a) mass

b) weight

c) height

d) length
4. The extent from end to end of an object is known as : [ ]
a) area b) volume c) length d) plane angle
5. The physical quantities which can exist independently are : [ ]
a) physical quantities b) derived quantities
c) fundamental quantities d) composed quantities
6. At present the system of measurement adopted by all scientists in the world is : [ ]
a) MKS b) CGS c) FPS d) SI
7. In SI system, the number of fundamental quantities are : [ ]
a) 2 b) 5 c) 7 d) 11
8. The SI unit of strength of electric current is: [ ]
a) mole b) candela c) ampere d) kelvin

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9. The standard measure of a physical quantity is called : [ ]
a) unit b) norm c) ace d) grade
10. The supplementary quantity among the following is : [ ]
a) mass b) electric current c) solid angle d) time

APPLICATION SKILL ACHIEVER - I

Choose the correct Answer :

1. The SI unit of luminous intensity is : [ ]

a) kilogram b) candela c) ampere d) kelvin
2. The SI unit of plane angle is : [ ]
a) radian b) steradian c) degree d) theta
3. The symbol of SI unit for amount of substance is : [ ]
a) Mol b) mol c) m d) mole
4. Among the following, the physical quantity having steradian as SI unit is : [ ]
a) strength of electric current b) plane angle
c) solid angle d) amount of substance
5. In SI system, ampere is the unit of : [ ]
a) strength of electric current b) charge
c) thermodynamic temperature d) luminous intensity
6. Statement (A) : SI unit of time is second. [ ]
Statement (B) : The symbol of candela is cd.
a) Both A and B are true b) Both A and B are false
c) A is true and B is false d) A is false and B is true
7. The least measurement that can be measured by the wall clock is _______ [ ]
a) 1 day

b) 1 hour

c) 1 minute

d) 1 second

8. Statement (A) : Solid angle is a fundamental physical quantity. [ ]

Statement (B) : Thermodynamic temperature is a supplementary physical quantity.
a) Both A and B are true b) Both A and B are false
c) A is true and B is false d) A is false and B is true
9. Statement (A) : Fundamental quantities can exist independently. [ ]
Statement (B) : Steradian is S.I unit of solid angle.
a) Both A and B are true b) Both A and B are false
c) A is true and B is false d) A is false and B is true
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10. The S.I unit of thermodynamic temperature is : [ ]
a) ampere b) radian c) kelvin d) second
11. The symbol of S.I unit of thermodynamic temperature is : [ ]
a) K b) A c) kg d) cd
12. Choose the correct answer. [ ]

Balance (A) : Balance (B) :

a) balance (A) is used to measure the weight of sweets

b) balance (B) is used to measure the weight of sweets
c) balance (A) is used to measure the weight of gold ornaments
d) both b and c
13. 1 mole = [ ]
a) 6.023 × 1023 b) 6.023 × 10 25
c) 6.032 × 10 33
d) 6.032 × 10 35

14. The union of two rays having same initial point is called ................ [ ]
a) Solid angle b) Plane angle c) Length d) Luminous intensity
15. Among the following which one is supplementary physical quantity. [ ]
a) Length b) Area c) Plane angle d) Volume

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CONCEPT - II
DERIVED PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND UNITS
The physical quantities which can be derived from fundamental quantities are called derived quantities.
The units of derived quantities are called derived units.
Derived Physical quantities we experience in daily life are.
1. Area : The region enclosed by the boundary of an object is called area.

2. Volume : The space occupied by an object is called its volume.

3. Density : The mass present in a unit volume is called density.

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4. Speed : The distance covered per unit time is called speed.

5. Velocity : The displacement produced in unit time is called velocity. It is specified with direction.

6. Acceleration : The rate of change of velocity is called acceleration. It is specified with direction. If a
body in motion is decreasing its velocity it is said to be gaining retardation or decceleration.

7. Force : The physical quantity which causes acceleration or retardation in an object is called force.

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8. Work : The activity of displacing a body by applying force is referred as work.

9. Energy : Ability to do work is called energy.

Ø We experience variety of energies in our world.

i) Heat energy : The form of energy which gives hotness or coldness to a body is called heat energy.

ii) Light energy : The form of energy which gives visual sensation to human eyes is called light
energy.

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iii) Electric energy : The form of energy produced by flowing charge is called electric energy.

10. Power : The work done in unit time is called power.

11. Thrust : The normal force exerted on given area is called thrust.
12. Pressure : The force per unit area is called pressure.

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Table of some derived physical quantities :
Derived physical Formula Units
quantities
Area (A) A=l×b m2
Volume (v) V=l×b×h m3
mass m
density (d) d= = kg/m3
volume v
distance S
Speed (v) v= = m/s
time t
H
Velocity ( vH ) H = displacement = s m/s
v time t

acceleration aH H change of velocity = v - u m/s2

a= time t
Force(F) F = mass × acceleration = ma kgm/s2 or newton (N)
Work (W) W = Force × displacement = F × S Kg m2/s2 or joule(J)
Energy E = Work done (W) Kgm2/s 2 or joule (J)
Work done W
Power P= = Kgm2/s 3 or watt (W)
time t

Force F
Pressure p= = N/m 2 or pascal (Pa)
Area A
Multiples and sub multiples are introduced to change the size of the units to fulfill the needs of
various branches in physics.
The multiples and sub multiples of SI units are as follows.
Table of multiples and submultiples

S. No. Multiplication Factor Prefix symbol

1. 10 deca da
2. 102 hecto h
3. 103 kilo k
4. 106 mega M
5. 10– 1 (1/10) deci d
6. 10– 2 (1/100) centi c
7. 10– 3 (1/1000) milli m

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PHYSICS - V

CLARITY ACHIEVER - II
Choose the correct Answer :
1. The space occupied by an object is called : [ ]
a) area b) volume c) density d) mass
2. To measure the volume of liquids we can use [ ]
a) test tube
b) measuring cylinder
c) circular bowl
d) measuring flask
3. The mass present in unit volume is called : [ ]
a) pressure b) force c) density d) volume
4. The energy produced by flowing charge is known as : [ ]
a) light energy b) heat energy c) electric energy d) mechanical energy
5. The physical quantity which causes acceleration in an object is : [ ]
a) work b) energy c) force d) power
6. The energy which gives us visual sensation is : [ ]
a) Heat energy b) Light energy c) Electrical energy d) Mechanical energy
7. Trace the odd one among the following : [ ]
a) kilogram b) newton c) candela d) mole
8. The S.I unit of force is : [ ]
a) joule b) newton c) watt d) pascal
9. Mass × Acceleration = [ ]
a) Power b) Energy c) Pressure d) Force
10. Force × displacement = [ ]
a) Power b) Pressure c) Work d) Force

Work done
11. = [ ]
Time taken
a) Pressure b) Force c) Work d) Power
12. Which device among the following must be used by your PET teacher to conduct a running
race? [ ]

a) b) c) d)

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13. To find the length of curved path given below [ ]
a) We can use metre scale only
b) We can use small scale only
c) We can use thread and metre scale
d) We can use thread only
14. .............. is the ability to do work. [ ]
a) Force b) Pressure c) Energy d) Velocity
15. Length × Breadth or l × b = [ ]
a) Volume b) Mass c) Density d) Area

APPLICATION SKILL ACHIEVER - II

Choose the correct Answer :
1. The symbol of S.I unit of force is : [ ]
a) N b) n c) newton d) new
2. The activity of displacing an object by applying force is referred as :
a) energy b) force c) pressure d) work [ ]

Change of velocity
3. = [ ]
Time taken
a) Pressure b) Force c) Acceleration d) Work
4. The force acting per unit area is called : [ ]
a) thrust b) work c) weight d) pressure
5. The displacement produced per unit time is called : [ ]
a) acceleration b) velocity c) speed d) path

1
6. Statement (A) : 1 deci = . [ ]
10
1
Statement (B) : 1 milli = .
10 3
a) Both A and B are true b) Both A and B are false
c) A is true and B is false d) A is false and B is true
7. 1 kilometre is equal to : [ ]
a) 103 m b) 104 m c) 108 m d) 1010 m
8. 1 milli gram is equal to : [ ]
a) 1/10 g b) 1/1000 g c) 1/100 g d) 100 g
9. 1 deca second is equal to : [ ]
a) 10 s b) 102 s 3
c) 10 s 5
d) 10 s

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Match the following :

10. Multiplication Factor Prefix : [ ]
1) 106 a) hecto
2) 103 b) centi
3) 10– 2 c) kilo
4) 10– 3 d) mega
5) 102 e) milli
f) deca
a) 1 – d, 2 – c, 3 – b, 4 – e, 5 – a b) 1 – c, 2 – d, 3 – b, 4 – e, 5 – a
c) 1 – b, 2 – d, 3 – c, 4 – e, 5 – a d) 1 – e, 2 – c, 3 – b, 4 – d, 5 – a

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