IICT, BUET

0
ABSTRACT

Objectives: This paper represents the challenge to smart design of 5G mobile terminal
antenna designs and also given the solution plans with different type of motivations. In
this content we have discussed and tried to focus on 3 pillar’s of antenna design technique
based on- 1)mmWave 2)Beam forming and massive MIMO 3)Special effect with DSP
also with 4)Small cell for 5G backhaul 5)Effect of user’s hand on 5G mobile terminal
antenna 6)new radio interface and arrays instead of single antennas 7)even if the more
effective problems and challenges, lacks with issues .By which 5G mobile terminal
antenna with its advantages & medications to utilization consideration of user friendly
technique.

Methods/statistical Analysis: Comprehensive study has been performed to build up

substantial understanding about various designs, architectures and techniques described
so far by enthusiastic research scholars regarding system model and practical
implementation of the Massive-MIMO systems. The review is paying attention on the
problems like, getting true channel state information, antenna correlation, channel
estimation, signal detection schemes at receiver end, different kind of possible network
architectures and their complexity and hardware impairments. Brief information is added
about the projects running worldwide on Massive-MIMO and its application in future
communication systems of next generation.

Findings: It is observed that multiple antenna systems with huge amount of antenna
elements at base station are competent to increase data rate by many folds, without
requirement of any extra bandwidth, as compared to other existing technologies. Massive-
MIMO combined with multiple carrier systems (Massive-MIMO-OFDM) followed by
suitable signal detection schemes, like beam forming, gives overwhelming results.

Application: With possibilities of further research and continuous improvements,

Massive-MIMO system is one of the best suitable choices, among various technologies,
for next generation wireless communication systems, like 5G.

1
 Institute of Information and Communication
Technology

ACKNOLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank Dr.Shahin Akter Madam, Assistant professor, IICT-BUET

for her best class input, feedback & support activity to inspire as well as to do
different work to research the latest technology phenomena & era. Her
experience in telecommunication system design & support for the latest
technology to learn & teaching technique which is fruitful & extensive when it
came to that real challenge & solution to conquer.5G is the upcoming and latest
technology to be implemented for IoT, Home Security, Nano Technology, AI,
High-speed mobile network, Entertainment and multimedia, Smart home, Smart
cities, Smart farming, Industrial Internet of Things (IoT),Healthcare and mission
critical application, Autonomous Driving, Drone Operation, Security and
surveillance, High Speed of Data Rate with special efficiency which will
contribute to make the complementary new technology in the smart wireless
telecommunication sector. Simulation Based Smart 5G Antenna Design is the
prior fact as the challenge to consider with its right solution at here, eventually
we can specify the combinations that 5G always with 4G.

2
PAGE INDEX

[1 ] Introduction………………………………………………………………………………
05
………………
[ 2] ……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………
[ 3] ……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………
[ 4] ……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………
[ 5] ……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………
[ 6] ……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………
[ 7] ……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………
[ 8] ……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………

3
INTRODUCTION:
In modern age communication mobile phones are not only used as a calling or call-receiving
devices instead uses of mobile devices are increasing exponentially every day. There must be
some advanced technology to cater the need of vast amount of data required by these devices.
The future communication systems for wireless communication known as Fifth Generation
Communication (5G) networks ought to be able to address the capacity constraints of present
networks and also must be able to address the challenges associated with existing communication
systems such as range of coverage, link reliability and latency and energy efficiency. Massive-
MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology is capable to cater the needs of the fifth
generation wireless communication systems. The term Massive-MIMO was firstly considered as
a TDD (Time Division Duplexing) based cellular model consisting of numerous antenna units
deployed at Base Transceiver Station (BTS) in a single-cell. But for multiple cell models, use of
non-orthogonal pilot sequences is suggested as the orthogonally of pilot sequences in different
cells is difficult to maintain due to the small channel coherence time1. For very high data rate
and better link reliability, instead of few antenna units, large array of antenna elements is
mounted at base station in Massive-MIMO. This is totally different configuration of BTS design
as compared to the current standards in which maximum of 8 antennas are used in a sectored
topology. Active antenna units in huge figures are used to focus the energy continuously towards
the User Equipment (UE), in target, with the help of different pre coding schemes. As a result the
requirement of radiated power and the interference among different users is reduced. However,
big number of antennas mounted at a particular site creates several challenges for Massive-
MIMO Systems which are completely different from the often arising problems of trivial
networks. For example, in LTE or LTE-Advance, pilot overhead should be comparative to the
numerical figure of antenna units. In Massive-MIMO this overhead will be very large due to the
hefty amount of antenna elements but it is managed with the proper use of channel reciprocity
between uplink and downlink in TDD. In channel reciprocity, the Channel State Information
(CSI) acquired from pilots used in uplink transmission is utilized for downlink pre coder. The
practical implementation of Massive-MIMO requires synchronization among large number of
independent RF transceivers and scaling of data buses by an order of magnitude or more which
are additional challenges to be encountered 2. Massive-MIMO System constitutes cellular
network with improved spectrum and energy efficiency. Benefits of a Massive-MIMO System
can be enjoyed if and only if the accuracy of CSI is maintained at downlink and uplink both (that
is at BTS and UE both). CSI is very important characteristic of a communication system. In
Massive-MIMO, Quality of Service (QoS) depends on the accuracy of CSI. There are two main
reasons of inaccuracy in CSI, in Massive-MIMO Systems, known as Channel Estimation Error
and Channel Aging.

4
Challenges for 5G antenna designs-

Avalanche of Traffic Volume

Massive Growth in Connective Device
Large Diversity of Use Cases & Requirements
System Assembly Modeling
Layout Modeling
Coupling & Enveloping
Passable CTIA Hand Model
Effects of Hand Model
Mobile Broadband Communication Base Station
Targeted 6GHz Provocations.
Reduce of Simulation Requirements For 4G or Old.
Reduce Cost & Size
Multipath Interference

5
Solutions: The 5G Antenna Technique

MIMO-Multiple Input & Multiple Output

 mmWave
 SISO to mmWave massive MIMO
 Massive MIMO
 Beam forming
 Polarization Diversity
 Phase Array System
 Adaptive Array System
 Special Multiplexing For DSP [Digital Signal Processing]

Small Cell Backhaul

Different Type Of Antennas

6
Dense & dynamic multiple wireless network backhawl VL-MIMO
Nomadic nodes Massive multi-antenna systems
building

park bus stop

lamp post nodes

Air interfaces for new application & Reduced Device to evice

Signaling

Fig: 5G components

FBS

FBS

BS

FBS

DIFFERENT TYPE OF 5G ANTENAS:

7
Different Type Of Antennas:

 Planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA):

 SISO Antenna in Mobile Terminals:
WIDE BAND AND DUAL BAND
MULTI BAND
 MIMO Antenna for Mobile Terminals:
WIDE BAND
DUAL BAND AND MULTI BAND
 Metal Rimmed Antenna for Mobile Terminals:
FULL ANTENNA

ANTENNAS ANALYSIS & DESIGN

8
Planar inverted-F Antenna [PIFA]:

Fig1:Duel Band PIFA Fig2:Monopole Plus Helix Antenna

Fig3: GSM/DCS dual-frequency planar monopole Fig4: Coupling Elements

Fig5: quad-band prototype [coupling elements] Fig6:Two feed point Antenna

1.1 At the first generation, the antennas were situated in the top portion of the mobile devices as a monopole.
This monopole was designed to work as a quarter length of the operational frequency. Therefore, knowing the
operational frequencies, miniaturization techniques were proposed to reduce the size of the monopole. One
example of this miniaturization was to compress the antenna by making it helix type and, when working in
multiband services a little whip was introduced into the helix so as to cover the two bands required. When the
PCB was of the quarter length size these devices worked even better because PCB plus monopole worked as a
dipole.Fig:2

9
1.2 The main disadvantage of this monopole-helix antenna was the external discomfort and even the good
radiation pattern it had, this antenna also had a high Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). So, in the 1990’s were
developed internal antennas so as to avoid the trip of having discomfort. These internal antennas were called
PIFA (planar inverted F antenna) and they had a ground plane connected to a physical point of the antenna and,
for multiband behavior, they also had a slot in the main plate to disturb the current distribution. Fig: 1

1.3 Another kind of internal antenna used was a simple planar monopole which were not connected to the
ground plane. This type of antennas may require a ground clearance region in the vicinity (generally on one
edge of the PCB) for acceptable performance. Techniques like adding parasitic elements or adding parallel
branches to the radiating element can be used for multiband operation. Currently this antenna is used for GSM
coverage. In most cases the monopole requires miniaturization so as to be inside the antenna’s housing. For
instance, a 900 MHz operation frequency device must require an antenna with a straight planar monopole of a
height of about 83 mm. The mainly designs techniques to reduce the antenna are the bending, the folding, or the
wrapping two-dimensional planar monopoles into three-dimensional structures. Fig: 3

1.4 Low-volume antenna structures for mobile devices might require the reducing of the volume of the antenna
elements –due either to the location into the PCB or the specifications-. A way to do that is to efficiently use the
radiation of the currents in the ground plane or mobile PCB. As it is explained in, essentially non-resonant
coupling elements (called CE) are used to optimally couple to the dominating characteristic wave modes of the
chassis. The antenna structures are tuned to resonance with matching circuits. However, there are no systematic
feasibility and performance studies of the coupling elements, and it is all reduced then to a practical-laboratory
designs and tests. As it is stated in [12], the ground plane of the printed circuit board (PCB) in a mobile terminal
plays the major role for radiation especially in the lower-frequency bands, where 90% of the total radiation
comes from the PCB at 900MHz.

The coupling element based antenna structure consists of three main parts. The first part is the mobile
terminal chassis, which is meant to work as the main radiator of the antenna structure. Coupling elements are
used to excite the primary wave modes of the chassis as efficiently as possible. Impedance matching to the
transceiver electronics is produced with a matching circuitry. In order to couple to the chassis wave mode
efficiently, the location and shape of the coupling element have to be chosen correctly. The strongest coupling
(and largest bandwidth) can be achieved by bending the coupling element over the shorter end of the chassis Fig:
4 & Fig 5

1.5 The solution to overcome this drawback is to implement a multi-feed point for the antenna. Each
element of the antenna must be connected to one single point to cover each frequency band and to avoid the
problem of 4G multi-sent data. However, this can derivate into another problem, the port-to-port isolation. The
isolation is needed to dodge the port-to-port coupling and to evade the efficiency losses. Thus, obtaining a good
isolation depends on the position of one antenna’s element respect to the other one and -considering the small
space reserved for the antenna-that is a parameter to be considered and analyzed in the design of the full antenna.
Fig: 6

10
11
ANTENNA ANALYSIS & DESIGN
SISO Antenna:

Fig: SISO Antenna Single Band

SISO Antenna: [Multi Band]

Fig: SISO Antenna Multi Band

13
14
5G ANTENNAS ANALYSIS & DESIGN
MIMO Antenna: [Wide Band]

15
MIMO Antenna: [Duel & Multi Band]

Fig: MIMO Antenna Multi Band

3 pillars of Antenna Design Technique for MIMO are: [5G frequency Bands]

Millimeter Wave

16
  Greater Propagation Loss
 Shallow Building Penetration
 Smaller Cell Size
 Can contain hundreds of elements of small arrays
Beam Forming & Massive MIMO
 Adaptive beam forming antenna & massive MIMO antenna combine
increase the capacity and performance and improve SINR
 Can follow multiple users
 Dynamically adapts to the environment
Special Efficiency with DSP
 DSP with antenna improvement of massive MIMO increase the
capacity and speed and data rate also.

17
ANTENNA ANALYSIS & DESIGN
Metal Rimmed Antenna:

18
Full Antenna Radiation Pattern: [4G] Simulation

Radiation pattern at a) 754 MHz and b) 958 MHz

Radiation Pattern a)1.77GHz and b)2.63GHz

19
5G MOMBILE TERMINAL ANTENNA
DESIGN
5G antenna:

Fig: Multiplexing, Beam Forming, LTE, massive MIMO,Phase array System& 5G features

20
21
MIMO TRANSMITTION & RECEIVE BY
ANTENNA
MIMO OFDM Transmitter:

MIMO OFDM Receiver antenna:

SMALL CELL BACKHAUL WITH 5G

22
Small cell antenna infrastructure which contains higher order of e and cost to effective solutions to avoid
interference.

MACRO, MICRO & PICO

Lower cost for both CAPEX & OPEX
Be Easy to manage
Outdoor furniture appearance
High Weather reliability
Safe to touch design
IoT ,smart city,5G optimize
Easy to diagnose potentials
Cost effective across net hauled
Quickly Activated, AT & T Predicts low fold
Physical Small, increase capacity
Excellent frequency reuse

EFFECTS OF 5G HANDS ON:

Fig: Simulation Models of the Antenna Considering the User

23
 Fig: Simulated S-Parameters of the Antenna in FS and with Hand

FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR EYEWEAR 4G

ANTENNAS

Fig: Different Eyewear Devices under Development

24
CONCLUSION:
In this papers we have submitted the total conceptual & abstractions with figure &
desctiptions.5G is the most upgraded technology for mobile terminal antenna design for user
friendly and that has the goal of 2020.We have tried to find out with revolution-evaluation-
complementary as follow of 1G-2G-3G to 4G to 5G road way antenna design
& we will improve and modify for research purpose to know & share basics for the purpose of
antenna design simulations though next.
5G basically based on the dynamic data flow way and always with 4G.This feature design will
complete the lack and issues of old antennas like signal simulation roundness, propagation
models & technique so.
This technology designs antenna to serve with Small cell for 5G backhaul ,new radio interface
and arrays instead of single antennas ,even if the more effective problems and challenges,
lacks with issues .By which 5G mobile terminal antenna with its advantages & medications to
utilization & consideration of user friendly technique

25
References:
1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307175838_Millimeter-Wave_Mobile_Communications_for_5G_Challenges_and_Opportunities

2. ttps://www.researchgate.net/post/What_are_the_research_challenges_of_implementing_millimeter_waves_60GHz_for_5G_networks

3. https://www.mwrf.com/systems/what-are-top-challenges-facing-smartphone-manufacturers

4. https://www.slideshare.net/eikoseidel/3gpp-newsletter-status-5g-architecture-study-in-3gpp-sa2

5. https://www.nutaq.com/blog/millimeter-waves-how-we-got-here-physical-challenges-and-5g-opportunities

6. .https://www.elsevier.com/books/5g-nr-the-next-generation-wireless-access-technology/dahlman/978-0-12-814323-0

7. https://www.elsevier.com/books/5g-physical-layer/zaidi/978-0-12-814578-4

8. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=7496871

9. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.07228.pdf

10. https://www.elsevier.com/books/mmwave-massive-mimo/mumtaz/978-0-12-804418-6

11. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301789296_A_Comparative_Study_on_4G_and_5G_Technology_for_Wireless_Applications

12. https://www.remcom.com/examples/5g/4g-combined-antenna-analysis-in-a-smartphone-using-em-simulation

13 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8012469

Institute of Information and

Communication Technology

26
BIOGRAPHY

MD.DEDARUL HASAN

Studies: PGD in ICT

Reg.Id: 0417311011

IICT-BUET.

Bangladesh University of Engineering and

Technology (BUET)

27