Public Health Medicine: Malaysian Journal of

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, Vol. 18 (Suppl.
4) 2018
7th International Public Health Conference: IR 4.0 & New Health Paradigm 28th – 30th August 2018
MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF
PUBLIC HEALTH
MEDICINE
e-ISSN: 2590-3829
ISSN: 1675-0306 Volume 19 (Supplement 1) 2019
Official Publication of the
MALAYSIAN PUBLIC HEALTH PHYSICIANS’ ASSOCIATION
ii
Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, Vol. 18 (Suppl. 4) 2018
MJPHM
Official Journal of Malaysian
Public Health Physicians’ Association
7th INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH CONFERENCE

THEME: IR 4.0 & NEW HEALTH PARADIGM
28th – 30th AUGUST 2018
PUTRAJAYA MARRIOTT HOTEL, PUTRAJAYA, MALAYSIA
EDITORIAL BOARD
Head : Associate Professor Dr Aniza Ismail
Members :
Professor Dr Mohd Rizal Abdul Manaf
Professor Dr Saperi Sulong
Associate Professor Dr Rozita Hod
Associate Professor Dr Azmawati Mohammed Nawi
Associate Professor Dr Idayu Badilla Idris
Associate Professor Dr Azimatun Noor Aizuddin
Dr Faiz Daud
Dr Noor Hasmiza Harun
Dr Hanizah Mohd Yusoff
Qistina Mohd Ghazali
Noorasmaa Husna Mohd Hasni
Azman Ariff
Nor Aliawati Ahmad
iii
CONTENTS
ORAL PRESENTATION – ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
OP 1 NEUROTOXIC EFFECT OF LEAD AMONG ADULTS IN TANJUNG KARANG, SELANGOR 1
Mohd Shahrol Abd Wahil, Hasni Mohd Jaafar
OP 2 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URINARY MANGANESE AND NEUROBEHAVIOURAL 2

SYMTOMPS AMONG RESIDENTS IN KLANG VALLEY
Muhammad Haneef Azme, Hasni Jaafar
OP 3 LEVELS OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, BELIEF AND PRACTICE ON MERCURY 3

SPILLAGE MANAGEMENT AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN SELANGOR AND
MELAKA
Ameerah Su’ad Abdul Shakor, Rafiza Shaharudin, Nadia Mohamad, Syahidiah Syed
Abu Thahir, Muhammad Alfatih Pahrol, Ruzanaz Syafira, Ruzman Azlee
ORAL PRESENTATION – OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

OP 4 REFINEMENT OF INTERVIEW PROTOCOL FOR MULTI-RACIAL LOWER INCOME 4
GROUP WORKERS: HOW TO MAKE IT RELIABLE?
May Luu Yeong, Rosnah Ismail, Noor Hassim Ismail, Mohd Isa Hamzah
ORAL PRESENTATION – EPIDEMIOLOGY AND STATISTICS

OP 5 DETERMINANTS OF STROKE RECURRENCE: A NATIONWIDE REGISTRY-BASED STUDY 5
IN MALAYSIA, 2009-2017
Xinwee Chen, Zariah Abdul Aziz, Norsima Nazifah Sidek, Kamarul Imran Musa
OP 6 PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY 6

AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN PEJABAT KESIHATAN DAERAH MELAKA
TENGAH
Syafiq Taib, Fairuz Rahmat, Noor Aizam Said, Shamsul Azhar Shah
OP 7 FACTORS OF PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION ACCEPTANCE AMONG ADULT 7

POPULATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Siti Nor Mat, Norzaher Ismail, Syafiq Taib, Mohd Rohaizat Hassan
OP 8 LEPTOSPIROSIS PROPHYLAXIS FOR HIGH RISK ADULTS 8

Siti Rasidah Abd Ghani, Nazarudin Safian
OP 9 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FAILURE TO QUIT SMOKING AMONG ATTENDEES OF 9

QUIT SMOKING CLINICS IN HULU LANGAT DISTRICT, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA
Mohd Fathulzhafran Mohamed Hanan, Halim Ismail
OP 10 INVARIANT ASSESSMENT OF LEPTOSPIROSIS KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS IN DOG 10

HANDLERS
Goh Soon Heng, Rosnah Ismail, Lau Seng Fong, Khor Kuan Hua, Puteri Azaziah
Megat Abdul Rani, Taznim Begam Mohd Mohidin
OP 11 A REVIEW OF VALIDITY OF THE SOCIAL RESPONSIVENESS SCALE (SRS) FOR THE 11

DETECTION OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD)
Hua Yeh Li, Nazarudin Safian
OP 12 PARTIAL LEAST SQUARES STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING (PLS-SEM): 12

APPLICATION IN MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH
Noor Dalila Inche Zainal Abidin, Rosnah Ismail
OP 13 CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PERCEPTION SCALE: DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCT 13

VALIDATION
Haryati Anuar
OP 14 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES ON LIFESTYLE 14

AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AMONG ADULTS IN RURAL AREA OF
YOGYAKARTA. INDONESIA
Aris Widayati, Fenty, Yunita Linawati, Shyamkumar Sriram
iv
ORAL PRESENTATION – HEALTH MANAGEMENT

OP 15 WHAT DOES IT TAKE TO AFFORD HEALTHCARE?
Nurul Salwana AB, Raoul @ Muhammad Yusof Sibert, Sararaks S, EH Tan, Noor Azlin 15
Mohd Sharif, Sri Pathmajayanthi G Govindasamy, WH Fun, Shakirah MS, Fathullah
Iqbal AR, Suhana J, CJN Tiong, AS Rekhraj, Malindawati MF, Siti Haniza M
OP 16 DETERMINANTS OF HOSPITAL WAITING TIME IN INDIA 16

Shyamkumar Sriram, Serdar Aydin BS
OP 17 COST EFFECTIVENESS IN CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS HEART LUNG PACK 17

See Woan Shiang, Zoolfadhli Hashim, Muhammad Ikram Abdullah, Salamah Azerai,
Azmiza Maharani, Raha Mohd Daud
OP 18 COST ANALYSIS OF LAPAROSCOPIC AND OPEN HERNIOPLASTY AT UNIVERSITI 18

KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA MEDICAL CENTRE IN 2016
Abdul Rahman Ramdzan, Mohd Zulfakhar, Ezdiani Mohamed, Diyana Ibrahim, Khalid
Mokti, Nurcholisah Fitra, Mohd Rizal Abdul Manaf
OP 19 HEALTH FINANCING AMONG HOMELESS AND IT INFLUENTIAL FACTORS 19

Siti Waffa Abdul Jabar, Azimatun Noor Aizuddin
OP 20 COMBINED SYSTOLIC DIASTOLIC HYPERTENSION AMONG ADULTS IN SAUDI ARABIA: 20

PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS AND PREDICTORS: RESULTS OF A NATIONAL SURVEY
Abdalla Abdel Wahid Saeed
OP 21 WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR CANCER GENETIC TESTING IN UNIVERSITY 21

KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA MEDICAL CENTRE (UKMMC)
Sharifah Ain Shameera Syed Rusli, Azimatun Noor Aizuddin
ORAL PRESENTATION – FAMILY HEALTH
OP 22 DEVELOPMENT OF LOGICAL FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS FOR NEWBORN SCREENING 22

PROGRAM FOR CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM
Hamenudin Hamzah, Rosnah Sutan, Azmi Tamil, Amar Singh HSS, Adliah Mohamed
Soid
OP 23 CHERAS CAMPUS FOR SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS: POST-TRAINING 23

EVALUATION ON SEXUAL REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH (SRH) FOR SPECIAL CHILDREN
Nur Ezdiani M, Siti Diyana I, Abdul Rahman R, Nur Ashiqin AR, Rosnah S
OP 24 BREAST MILK INFLUENCE ON GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT 24

Catherine Thamarai Arumugam
OP 25 STUDY PROTOCOL DEVELOPMENT ON CUSTOMIZED ANTENATAL GROWTH CHART 25

MONITORING USING GROW-MY APPLICATION IN IMPROVING PERINATAL OUTCOME
Rosnah Sutan, Muhammad Za’im Sahul Hameed, Azmi Mohd Tamil, Saperi Sulong,
Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy, Shuhaila Ahmad, Rahana Abdul Rahman, Aida Hani Mohd
Kalok, Idayu Badilla Idris, Nor Azlin Mohd Ismail, Rohana Jaafar
OP 26 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH LITERACY AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETES 26

MELLITUS PATIENTS ATTENDING TANJUNG KARANG AND SUNGAI TENGI KANAN
HEALTH CLINICS IN THE DISTRICT OF KUALA SELANGOR, 2017
Noor Amanina Shaharudin, Suriani Ismail, Rosliza Abd Manaf, Muhamad Hanafiah
Juni, Hayati Kadir @ Shahar, Ahmad Shahrul Nizam Isha, Noor Rafizah Aminah Aziz
OP 27 ANTEPARTUM DEPRESSIVE, ANXIETY AND COMORBID SYMPTOMS AMONG MEN AND 27

WOMEN IN EAST AND WEST COAST OF MALAYSIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS
OF A PERINATAL PSYCHIATRIC MORBIDITY COHORT STUDY
Hashima E Nasreen, Jamalludin Ab Rahman, Razman Mohd Rus, Mira Kartiwi,
Rosnah Sutan, Maigun Edhborg
OP 28 BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS UNDERSTANDING OF GROWING-UP MILK 28

ADVERTISEMENT IN MALAYSIA AND SINGAPORE
Adlina Suleiman, Siti Norjinah Abdul Moin, Aqil Mohd. Daher, Lugova Halyna, Nur
Izleen Rosli, Soe Soe Aye, Muhamad Abu Bakar
v
OP 29 AN ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES TOWARDS 29

PREMARITAL CARRIER SCREENING OF BETA THALASSEMIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL
SURVEY AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN LARKANA SINDH, PAKISTAN
Sarmad Jamal Siddiqui, Idayu Badilla Idris, Rozita Hod
OP 30 STUDY ON HEALTH EDUCATION IN MANAGING PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ANEMIA IN 30

SEPANG: A STUDY PROTOCOL
Hasneezah Hassan, Rosliza Abdul Manaf, Salmiah Mad Said
OP 31 THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF MALAYSIAN GASTROINTESTINAL 31

CANCER PATIENTS
Nik Nairan Abdullah, Idayu Badilla Idris, Khadijah Shamsuddin, Nik Muhd. Aslan
Abdullah
OP 32 STRES KEBIMBANGAN DAN KEMURUNGAN DALAM KALANGAN PENJAGA PESAKIT 32

LEUKAEMIA KANAK-KANAK
Natrah Rani, Faiz Daud, Hamidah Alias
OP 33 DEVELOPMENT AND EFFECTIVENESS OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 33

TRAINING MODULE FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENT WITH DISABILITIES
Zuraidah Zaidun, Nur Ezdiani Mohamed, Aznida Mohamad Zaki, Muhammad Aklil
bin Abd Rahim, Ammar Amsyar Abdul Haddi, Raudah Abd Rahman, Khalid Mokti,
Siti Diyana Ibrahim, Fadzrul Hafiz Johani, Nur Ashiqin Binti Abd Rahman, Mohd
Shafik Abd Majid, Azman Atil@Azmi, Wan Rosmawati Wan Ismail, Mohd Faizal
Madrim, Muhammad Haneef Azme, Abdul Rahman Ramdzan, Rosnah Sutan, Alijah
Ujang
ORAL PRESENTATION – HEALTH PROMOTION

OP 34 DEVELOPING A SCHOOL BASED MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM TO PREVENT THE 34
INCIDENCE OF PSYCHOTIC ILLNESS IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA: A SCREENING
PHASE
M.A. Subandi, Carla Marchira, Idei Khurnia Swasti, Ardian Praptomojati, Edo S
Jaya, Byron J. Good
OP 35 VALIDITY OF THE BAHASA MALAYSIA VERSION OF PATIENT EDUCATION 35

MATERIALS ASSESSMENT TOOL
Wong Siong Ting, Norkhafizah Saddki, Wan Nor Arifin
OP 36 FRAMEWORK OF INITIATIVES TO ADDRESS ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE – GLOBAL 36

TO LOCAL INTERAGENCY COORDINATION
Wong Chin Mun, Rosnah Ismail, Noor Hassim Ismail
OP 37 THE ASSOCIATION OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF HAND HYGIENE 37

AND METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) INFLUENCE THE
PREVALENCE OF MRSA AMONG HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
Khairunnisa Mohd Sukri, Abdul Aziz Marwan, Nurul Azmawati Mohamed, Ilina Isahak
ORAL PRESENTATION – UNIKL

OP 38 A LOW-COST SMART SYSTEM FOR REAL-TIME PULSE RATE MONITOR TO IDENTIFY 38
HEART PROBLEM USING IOT
Soheli Farhana, Md Masum Billah, Zulkhairi Mohd Yusof, Kushsairy Kadir
OP 39 SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBON MODIFIED 39

GRAPHENE NANOPLATLET FOR SENSITIVE AND SELECTIVE IMMOBILIZATION
PROTEIN TUMOUR MARKERS
Mohd Azraie Mohd Azmi, Fatihatul Zuriati Makmon, Nurul Azzurin Badruzzaman,
Suhaili Sabdin, Azman Abd Aziz @ Mohd Yusof, Nur Azura Mohd Said
OP 40 A REAL-TIME AEDES MOSQUITO DETECTION SYSTEM TO PREVENT DENGUE DISEASE 40

IN MALAYSIA
Zulkhairi MY, Md Masum B, Kushsairy K, Abdul Malik MA
vi
OP 41 MEDIATING EFFECTS OF HEALTH ON STRESSOR AND WORK PERFORMANCE: A 41

CASE OF PRACTICAL TRAINING STUDENTS IN A MALAYSIAN GOVERNMENT-LINKED
UNIVERSITY
Sheikh Muhamad Hizam SK, Wan Muhd Nasrul Hadi WAA, Issoufou C
OP 42 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT GRIPPER V2 42

Jannatunnaim Harun, Gwee Chiou Chin, Nor Azrin Nozmi
POSTER PRESENTATION – ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

PP 1 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AIR POLLUTION AND RESPIRATORY MORTALITY IN 43
SELANGOR, MALAYSIA
Nurul Afzan Aminuddin, Rozita Hod, Mazrura Sahani
PP 2 A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF BAUXITE MINING ON MALAYSIA: WHEN GOOD 44

GOVERNANCE IS LEAST VALUE
Abdul Aziz Harith, Sharifah Ain Shameera Syed Rusli, Faiz Daud
PP 3 CARDIO-TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES CONDUCTED AT UKM IN THE PAST FIVE YEARS 45

Mohd. Hasni bin Jaafar
POSTER PRESENTATION – OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

PP 4 A STUDY ON KNEE PAIN AMONG OIL PALM HARVESTERS AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK 46
FACTORS IN JERANTUT, PAHANG
Muhammad Zafri Zainuddin, Rozita Hod, Hanizah Mohd Yusoff, Azmawati Mohd
Nawi
PP 5 HOW EFFECTIVE IS THE COMMUNITY MEDICINE POSTING TO CULTIVATE 47

TEAMWORK, LEADERSHIP AND PROFESSIONALISM AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA? : ENHANCING BEST PRACTICE OF FUTURE DOCTORS
Minhat HS, Hazwan MD, Rafidah Hod, Suhainizam MS
POSTER PRESENTATION – EPIDEMIOLOGY AND STATISTICS

PP 6 SCREENING FOR LUNG CANCER USING LOW DOSE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY: A 48
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Roza Sarimin, Ku Nurhasni Ku Abd Rahim, Balqis Abdul Ghani, Junainah Sabirin
PP 7 BENEFIT OF COLORECTAL CANCER GENETIC TESTING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW 49

Abdul Rahman Ramdzan, Faizal Madrim, Azimatun Noor Aizuddin, Mohd Rizal Abdul
Manaf
PP 8 THE IMPACT OF POOR SLEEP QUALITY ON QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG TEACHING 50

PROFESSION IN SELANGOR MALAYSIA
Nor Asma Musa, Foong Ming Mo, Li Ping Won
PP 9 SICKNESS AND INCOME LOSS IN INDIA: EVIDENCE FROM NATIONAL DATA 51

Shyamkumar Sriram
PP 10 INCIDENCE RATE OF TUBERCULOSIS IN MALAYSIA, 2013 TO 2015: A SOCIO- 52

DEMOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVE
Tharmarajah N, Sumarni MG, Ahmad Faudzi Y, Kee CC, Nuur Hafizah MI, Zatil
Zahidah MS, Wan Abdul Hannan WI, Syahmi Syafiq MZ, Mohd Safrin B, Cheong YL,
Asmah R, Mohamed Naim AK
PP 11 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LEVEL OF GLYCEMIC CONTROL AMONG TYPE 2 53

DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN KLINIK KESIHATAN SUNGAI TENGI KANAN AND
KLINIK KESIHATAN TANJUNG KARANG, KUALA SELANGOR
Nurul Ain Abdullah, Suriani Ismail, Sazlina Shariff Ghazali, Muhamad Hanafiah
Juni, Hayati Kadir @ Shahar, Ahmad Shahrul Nizam Isha, Noor Rafizah Aminah Aziz
PP 12 FACTOR ASSOCIATED WITH GLYCAEMIC CONTROL AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETES 54

MELLITUS PATIENTS, ATTENDING HEALTH CLINICS IN TAMPIN DISTRICT, NEGERI
SEMBILAN, MALAYSIA
Wan Farzana Fasya Wan Hamdzan, Haji Muhamad Hanafiah Juni, Salmiah Md Said,
Zairina A. Rahman, Mohd Dzulkhairi Mohd Rani
vii
PP 13 MOSQUITO OVITRAP APP (MOSOVI) FOR MOSQUITO RESEARCH AND SURVEILLANCE 55

Mohd Khairuddin Che Ibrahim, Rosilawati Rasli, Mohd Zainuldin Taib, Cheong Yoon
Ling, Mohd Izral Yahya Umpong, Futri Farahininajua, Nabilah Rosney, Nazni Wasi
Ahmad, Lee Han Lim
PP 14 PREVALENCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG 56

WOMEN IN MALAYSIA
Hasimah Ismail, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani, Tania Gayle
Robert, Tee Guat Hiong, Halizah Mat Rifin, Nur Liana AB Majid, Thamil Arasu
Saminathan, Lim Kuang Kuay
PP 15 A CASE STUDY OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITE: FRIENDSTER VS FACEBOOK 57

Nur Adibah MS, Mohd Fadhli MF, Nur Ashiqin AR, Wan Rosmawati WI, Renuga Devi
K, Zuraidah Z
PP 16 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH UTILIZATION OF TUBERCULOSIS HEALTH SERVICES IN 58

PRIMARY HEALTHCARE PERBAUNGAN NORTH SUMATERA INDONESIA
Aniza Ismail, Zulfendri, Nurcholisah Fitra
PP 17 A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON ASSOCIATING FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CERVICAL 59

CANCER SCREENING AMONG IMMIGRANT WOMEN
Syafiq Taib, Norzaher Ismail, Siti Nor Mat, Shamsul Azhar Shah
PP 18 REDUCTION OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) OCCURANCE OVER 15 60

YEARS. FOLLOW-UP OF HEPATITIS B VACCINATION PROGRAM: A SYSTEMATIC
REVIEW
Siti Nor Mat, Norzaher Ismail, Syafiq Taib, Shamsul Azhar Shah
PP 19 PREVALENCE OF MALARIA AND ITS DETERMINANT IN SABAH 61

Abdul Rahman Ramdzan, Aniza Ismail
PP 20 ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN MALAYSIA: A COMPARISON 62

BETWEEN THE NATIONAL HEALTH AND MORBIDITY SURVEY 2012 AND 2017
Tania Gayle Robert, Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani, Jane Ling Miaw Yn, Hasimah
Ismail
PP 21 THE INTERVENTION OF DYSLEXIA HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR PRESCHOOL 63

TEACHERS: PRE-INTERVENTION
I.B. Idris, Shalinawati R, Khairani O, Harun D, Shahlan S
PP 22 ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE: GLOBAL TO LOCAL INTERAGENCY DEXTERITY 64

Lavanyah Sivaratnam, Wong Chin Mun, Rosnah Ismail, Noor Hassim Ismail
PP 23 JOHOR EXPERIENCE IN HANDLING ZIKA 2016 65

Loganathan Salvaraji
POSTER PRESENTATION – HEALTH MANAGEMENT

PP 24 HEALTHCARE SPENDING: HOW MUCH HEALTH CLINICS COSTS? 66
Hafidza Baharum, Amir Rassip, Mohd Fairuz Abdul Razak, Ajay Mahal, Nor Izzah
Ahmad Shauki
PP 25 WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR HEALTHCARE SERVICES AMONG HOSPITAL CANSELOR 67

TUANKU MUHRIZ (HCTM) PATIENTS AND FACTORS INFLUENCING IT
Azimatun Noor Aizuddin, Murni Azraniza Umar
PP 26 BARCODE MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM - A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON 68

EFFECTIVENESS, SAFETY AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS
Syaqirah Akmal, Junainah Sabirin
PP 27 THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (HIS) IN SERDANG 69

HOSPITAL: AN OVERVIEW
Huai Na Loo, Mohd Syamir Mohamad Shukeri, Faizah Muhamad Zin, Azimatun Noor
Aizuddin, Noor Shariah Ismal
viii
PP 28 PROVIDER’S PERSPECTIVE ON ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN MANAGING RESOURCES 70

FOR FULL PAYING PATIENT (FPP) SERVICES
Muhammad Nur Amir Abdul Rassip, Pangie anak Bakit, Nor Haniza Zakaria, Noriah
Bidin, Nor Izzah Hj Ahmad Shauki, Mohd Anis Bin Haron@Harun, Muhammad Yusof
Sibert
PP 29 HEALTH PROMOTION AT WORK PLACE: DOES IT HELP? 71

Mona Lisa Md Rasip, Heng Pei Pei, Azra Abdul Aziz, Nur Izzati Tukiman, Yohan Sng
Koon Kuan, Mohd Yusoff Adon
PP 30 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DEMAND FOR MEDICAL AND 72

HEALTH INSURANCE IN MALAYSIA
Ellyana Mohamad Selamat, Siti Rasidah Abd Ghani, Nurcholisah Fitra, Faiz Daud
PP 31 FULL PAYING PATIENT (FPP) SERVICE IN PILOT HOSPITALS: HOW MUCH 73

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN REVENUE AND ESTIMATED COST?
Hairusnizan Hamzah, Hafidza Baharum, Nursyahda Zakaria, Malindawati Mohd
Fadzil, Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh, Muhammad Nur Amir Abdul, Ili Liyana Khairul
Anuar, Noriah Bidin, Nor Izzah Ahmad Shauki
PP 32 SWOT ANALYSIS: MALAYSIA AIRLINES VERSUS AIRASIA 74

Abdul Rahman Ramdzan, Muhammad Aklil Abd Rahim, Fadzrul Hafiz Johani, Mohd
Shafik Abd Majid, Aznida Mohd Zaki, Raudah Abd Rahman, Faiz Daud
PP 33 FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO MEDICO LEGAL COMPLAINTS IN THE STATE OF 75

NEGERI SEMBILAN, JOHOR AND SABAH
Nurul Nadia Kamarul Nizam, Wan Mohd Harith Wan Mustapa, Ahmad Fareed A
Rahman, Ahmad Razid Salleh
PP 34 ASTHMA PHARMACEUTICAL CARE SERVICE TO PROMOTE PATIENTS SAFETY: SELF- 76

ASSESSMENT FROM THE INDONESIAN PHARMACISTS
Aris Widayati, Putu Dyana Christasani
POSTER PRESENTATION – FAMILY HEALTH

PP 35 IRRATIONAL TABOOS AND IRRELEVANT TRADITIONS RELATED TO POST-PARTUM, 77
WOMEN’S HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
Diana Safraa Selimin, Lavanyah Sivaratnam, Wong Chin Mun, Faiz Daud
PP 36 LIVING WITH THE SETAN: COMPREHENSIVE SEXUAL HEALTH EDUCATION IN THE 78

PREVENTION OF INTRA-FAMILIAL CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE
Muhammad Alimin Mat Reffien, Norizah Ibrahim, Faiz Daud
PP 37 TOWARDS GOOD CYBER PARENTING - EXPLORING STAKEHOLDERS’ VIEWS IN 79

UNDERSTANDING PARENTAL DIGITAL SECURITY PRACTICE IN MALAYSIA
Muhd Zulfadli Hafiz Ismail, Nik Daliana Nik Farid, Rafdzah Ahmad Zaki, Ramona
Susanty Ab Hamid, Elina Abdul Mubin, Edwan Mohammad Aidid, Aida Tahir
PP 38 THE WRONG HEALTH BELIEF: MANIFESTATION OF ERRONEOUS PERCEPTION 80

“UNDERSTANDING MYTHS IN PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH AND THE POTENTIAL
ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES”
Norain Ahmad, Sharifah Fazlinda Syed Nor, Faiz Daud
PP 39 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TRUANCY AMONG MALAYSIAN SCHOOL-GOING 81

ADOLESCENTS: FINDINGS FROM THE NATIONAL HEALTH AND MORBIDITY SURVEY
2017
Nur Azna Mahmud, Norzawati Yoep, Faizah Paiwai, Noor Aliza Lodz, S Maria
Awaluddin, Noor Safiza Mohamad Nor, Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani, Jane Ling Miaw
Yn
PP 40 USING A VIDEO INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE PARENT-CHILD ATTACHMENT AMONG 82

PARENTS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN SELANGOR
Hayati Kadir @ Shahar, Hamidin Awang, Anita Abd Rahman, Anisah Baharom,
Mohd Sukki Othman
ix
POSTER PRESENTATION – HEALTH PROMOTION

PP 41 WRONG HEALTH PERCEPTION OF ANTI-VACCINE MOVEMENT IN MALAYSIA: THE 83
FALLACY OF JUDGEMENT
Abdullah Aliff Abdul Wahab, Noor Hazmi Noor Hassim, Faiz Daud
PP 42 REFINING THE EVIL TECHNOLOGY IN DIGITAL OBESITY; A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON 84

THE INTERVENTION USING EXERCISE GAMING TO REDUCE CHILDHOOD OBESITY
Noor Atika Azit, Nurul Afzan Aminuddin, Faiz Daud
PP 43 LOOSE VALUE: THE MINDLESS LIFE OF CHILD ABUSE PERPETRATOR 85

Noor Dalila Inche Zainal Abidin, Hanani Nabilah Mohd Sobri, Faiz Daud
PP 44 SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON STIGMA ON MENTAL HEALTH IN MALAYSIA AND ASIAN 86

COUNTRIES
Mohd Ihsanuddin Abas, Mohd Fathulzhafran, Faiz Daud
PP 45 AGEING PERCEPTIONS AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG MIDDLE AND OLDER AGED 87
ADULTS IN MALAYSIA
Sofee Akhlak, Zohra Akhlak, Norhafizatul Akma Shohor
PP 46 NON-INTENTIONAL HOME INJURIES AMONG ELDERLY IN URBAN AREA SELANGOR: 88

A COMMUNITY PERCEPTION
Leny Suzana Suddin, Rabiatul Adawiyah, Ahmad Taufik Jamil
PP 47 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF CYCLING CHARGER: PROMOTING A HEALTHY 89

LIFESTYLE WITHIN THE COMMUNITY
Zulhani Rasin, Adri Rauf, Faiz Daud, Natrah Abd Rani
PP 48 PERSPECTIVE OF SKIN WHITENING PRODUCT IN RELATION TO HEALTH 90

Muhammad Faiz Mohd Ishak, Mohd Shahrol Abd Wahil, Faiz Daud
POSTER PRESENTATION – UNIKL

PP 49 ALLEVIATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS BY ROSELLE (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA) IN RATS 91
FED WITH HIGH FAT AND HIGH FRUCTOSE (HFHF) DIET
Izuddin Fahmy A, Nurain Nadia CI, Wan Syafila WS
PP 50 INTERNET OF THINGS HIGH AVAILABILITY STUDIES IN ASSURING RELIABLE INPUT 92

RESOURCES
Ahmad S. Khalid, Hassan Dao, M. Azmin M. Ghazali
PP 51 FINITE DIFFERENCE TIME DOMAIN METHOD TO INVESTIGATE ELECTROMAGNETIC 93

FIELD EFFECTS IN HUMAN BODY
Hikma Shabani, Hassan Dao, Md. Rafiqul Islam
PP 52 MULTISPECTRAL THIN FILM COPPER VIA MAGNETRON SPUTTERING 94

Muhammad Rosli Abdullah, Noor Hasmiza Harun
PP 53 MOBILE CROWD SENSING TO MONITOR NOISE POLLUTION FOR PUBLIC WELLBEING 95

Megat Farez Azril Zuhairi, Hassan Dao, Rashid Zafar
x
ORAL PRESENTATION
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
OP 1
Neurotoxic Effect of Lead among Adults in Tanjung Karang, Selangor

Mohd Shahrol Abd Wahil, Hasni Mohd Jaafar
Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Lead (Pb) is widely used in the manufacture of domestic products because of its
unique characteristic. Pb can exert effect on peripheral nervous system. Minerals
(Ca, Mg, and Zn) were found in previous study to inhibit Pb absorption, hence
prevent intoxication. Our main aim was to determine the relationship between Pb
and the handgrip strength among adult population and to evaluate the protective
effects of minerals towards Pb intoxication. This was a cross sectional study
conducted in Tanjung Karang, Selangor, Malaysia from January 2013 until
December 2013, involving 144 adults. The study subjects were recruited from
Population, Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) respondents through purposive
sampling. Anthropometric measurement and handgrip strength test were
performed during PURE study. Blood for minerals and for Pb were obtained from
the selected respondents. The results showed that the prevalence of blood Pb
level above 5 μg/dL is 9.7 percent. Females had higher blood Pb level than males.
Respondents without formal education had higher Pb level than those who
received formal education. The blood Pb level increased with increasing age and
BMI. The handgrip strength was directly proportionate with the blood Pb level.
Zinc was the only minerals which protected against neurotoxic effect of Pb. A
decreasing level of Pb exerts reducing trend of handgrip strength. The effect of Pb
on peripheral nervous system could not be ruled out, even though there was no
significant association found between both variables, in this study.
1
OP 2
Relationship between Urinary Manganese and Neurobehavioural

Symtomps among Residents in Klang Valley
Muhammad Haneef Azme, Hasni Jaafar
A mental health issue has a significant influence on the economy due to loss of
productivity or working-days and loss of young lives due to depression-related
suicides. As the human population become more industrialized and modernized,
the risk of daily exposure to heavy metal pollutants is increasingly more
significant. Manganese poses a risk of toxicity due to excessive exposure towards
certain human populations such as populations who live in close proximity to
active/former mining area, steel manufacturing workers/welders, miners of
manganese dioxide or/and smelter workers. This study aimed to determine the
relationship between urinary manganese level and depression/anxiety symptoms.
The objectives were to establish the prevalence of adults with manganese toxicity
in Klang Valley, to explore the relationship between socio-demographic factors and
depressive/anxiety symptoms, and to determine the relationship between obesity,
diabetes and hypertension, with depressive/anxiety symptoms. This will be a
cross-sectional study, involving adult aged 35 years and above, who participated in
health screening programmes from urban and suburban locations, in the Klang
Valley, Malaysia. The period of the research is projected to be between April 2019
and August 2019. A purposive sampling method will be conducted at each
programme by using the attendees’ registration list to obtain the needed number
of participants (which are determined to be 200 participants based on previous
literature using the Kish formula). Each participant is required to produce a sample
of mid-stream urine, which will be analyzed using mass spectophotometry to
quantify their manganese exposure level; and to answer the DASS (Depression
Anxiety Stress Scale) questionnaire set, to measure their level of depression and
anxiety. Both sets of data (urinary manganese level; depression and anxiety score)
will be analyzed for strength of association using logistic regression.
2
OP 3
Levels of Knowledge, Attitude, Belief and Practice on Mercury

Spillage Management among Healthcare Workers in Selangor and
Melaka
Ameerah Su’ad Abdul Shakor, Rafiza Shaharudin, Nadia Mohamad, Syahidiah Syed Abu Thahir, Muhammad
Alfatih Pahrol, Ruzanaz Syafira, Ruzman Azlee
Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia
Mercury is a toxic heavy metal that is hazardous to health. Exposure to its vapour
may induce broad sequels of symptoms and cause multi-organ damage. Glass
thermometers and manual sphygmomanometers are still used in some hospitals.
Breakage and mercury leaks from these equipments pose risk for mercury exposure
to healthcare workers (HCWs) as they use these equipments on daily basis. This
study aims to plan further actions by evaluating HCWs’ awareness on mercury
spillage management. This study utilized a cross-sectional study design.
Respondents’ awareness on mercury spillage was assessed using a validated
knowledge, attitude, belief and practice (KABP) questionnaire. 441 HCWs were
selected from 35 Ministry of Health (MOH) facilities across Selangor and Melaka
using stratified random sampling. Answered questionnaires were marked using a
scoring system designed by a panel of experts and data analysis was performed
using SPSS version 20.This study revealed that majority HCWs had acceptable
attitude (89.3%) and belief (89.3%). However, only few had good knowledge
(29.9%) and practice (39.7%). Results have also indicated that level of education
influences belief, while profession influences all parameters of the questionnaire;
knowledge, attitude, belief and practice. Further analysis showed that respondents
with acceptable belief are more likely to have good knowledge (OR = 3.21, CI =
1.329-7.765) and acceptable attitude (OR = 6.88, CI = 3.408-13.872).
Unsatisfactory levels of knowledge and practice are definitely disconcerting as it
reflects that mercury wastes in hospitals are still inappropriately managed.
However, majority had acceptable attitude and belief which may indicate the
HCWs’ willingness to improve. Hence, effective interventions should be planned to
impart knowledge and good practices on correct mercury spillage handling.
3
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
OP 4
Refinement of Interview Protocol for Multi-Racial Lower Income

Group Workers: How to Make It Reliable?
May Luu Yeong1, Rosnah Ismail1, Noor Hassim Ismail1, Mohd Isa Hamzah2
1Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
2Department of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
The protocol used for the interview process should pass the reliability and validity
tests before being considered as a reliable tool. This study was to refine the pre-
constructed interview protocol to a comprehensive protocol that can be easily
understood by the multi-ethnic populations. The pre-constructed interview
protocol was refined replicating the 4-step Interview Protocol Refinement (IPR)
Framework in a cyclical repetition till saturation was achieved. First, all questions
in the protocol were mapped into a matrix to ensure questions were aligned with
research objectives and to identify existence of mismatch between the questions.
The statements’ structure and style of language were reviewed to ensure
comprehensibility to the sampled population. Subsequently, the corrected
statements were reviewed by the experts to ensure the statements were ethically
constructed. Finally, those reviewed protocol items were tested on five
respondents as a final validation process. All the interview questions required
modifications to suit the colloquial nature of the respondents. The refinement
processes corrected some shortcoming in the protocol such as formal language
style that hindered rapport building and poor understanding of the interview
questions. The study revealed that close-ended items were preferred compared to
broad open-ended items, which often lead to irrelevant responses. List of
synonyms in different languages for specific terminologies were added into the
protocol to facilitate interviewer in explaining any difficult question item to the
respondent. Questions that yield similar responses were eliminated from the
protocol or replace with specific probing questions. A repeat pilot testing showed
that the refined items were well understood by the respondents and answered
accordingly within and beyond the research objectives. The interview protocol for
multi-racial workers group is ready for next phase of study.
4
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND STATISTICS

OP 5
Determinants of Stroke Recurrence: A Nationwide Registry-Based

Study in Malaysia, 2009-2017
Xinwee Chen1, 2, Zariah Abdul Aziz3, Norsima Nazifah Sidek4, Kamarul Imran Musa2
1Population Health and Preventive Medicine Discipline, Universiti Teknologi MARA
2Department of Community Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia
3Neurology Unit, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah
4Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah
Stroke morbidity is of paramount importance worldwide. The Malaysia Ministry of

Health reported that stroke survivors have a 39% cumulative risk to suffer from
recurrence within five years. Limited information exists on the risk factors of
stroke recurrence, particularly pertaining to Malaysians, where disease of
circulatory system is listed as the leading cause of death. We aim to identify the
determinants of stroke recurrence among first-diagnosed stroke patients in
Malaysia. We abstracted the data from the National Stroke Registry, which
compiled the non-mandatory notifications for patients hospitalised with the
diagnosis of stroke based on WHO’s definition. We analysed data of patients aged
18 years or older, who had their first-diagnosed stroke admitted from July 2009 to
31 December 2017. The event was the subsequent admission with the diagnosis of
stroke. The survival time was the number of years between first-diagnosed stroke
registered and subsequent notified stroke episode.Data were analysed with the
software R version 3.4.4. Of 9581 patients with first-notified stroke, 1005 (10.5%)
died and 8576 were analysed. Eight significant variables were obtained from the
Simple Cox regression analysis. The final parsimonious model on Multiple Cox
regression with complete data analysing a total of 2946 subjects, with 163
suffering stroke recurrence was built. Age and dyslipidaemia were significant
determinants to prognosticate stroke recurrence, while Diabetes Mellitus and
abnormal triglycerides level were adjusted. The findings fill the limitations from
previous studies and provide data from multiple centers to assist in planning post-
stroke healthcare management for this population after first stroke.
5
OP 6
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Overweight and Obesity

among Healthcare Workers in Pejabat Kesihatan Daerah Melaka
Tengah
Syafiq Taib1, Fairuz Rahmat2, Noor Aizam Said2, Shamsul Azhar Shah1
2Melaka Tengah Health District Office, Melaka
Overweight and obesity are a serious public health problem globally. Healthcare
workers in some countries have been reported to be having a high prevalence of
overweight despite them being well informed of aetiology and risks of excessive
body weight. However, the problem of overweight and obesity among Malaysian
healthcare workers still poorly understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to
assess prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among
healthcare workers in Health Office, Malacca district. Tengah.This was a cross
sectional study conducted between June and August 2018 involving 702
respondents sampled from all health facilities under PKD Melaka Tengah.
Demographic, socio-economic and lifestyle data was collected using questionnaires
and anthropometric measurements were taken using electronic weighing scale and
height measuring bar. Mean age was 35.81 years and overall prevalence of
overweight/obesity was 55.6%. Prevalence of overweight, class I obesity, class II
obesity and class III obesity was 34.3%, 14.2 %, 4.8% and 2.1% respectively. The
identified risk of overweight were aged forty and above (OR: 1.998, 95%CI: 1.389-
2.846), non-Chinese (OR: 4.974, 95%CI: 2.129-11.620), married (OR: 1.773, 95%CI:
1.150-2.733), big family size (OR: 1.426, 95%CI: 1.074-1.991), underlying NCD (OR:
1.733, 95%CI: 1.240-2.423), family history of NCD (OR: 1.935, 95%CI: 1.328-2.817),
and sedentary lifestyle (OR: 1.522, 95%CI: 1.067-2.172). This study found high
prevalence of overweight/obesity among healthcare workers, which was about 1.5
times higher than national average. Older age group and non-Chinese ethnicity
emerged as the most conspicuous factors of overweight/obesity.
6
OP 7
Factors of Pneumococcal Vaccination Acceptance among Adult

Population: A Systematic Review
Siti Nor Mat, Norzaher Ismail, Syafiq Taib, Mohd Rohaizat Hassan
Pneumococcal disease causes considerable morbidity and mortality, including

among adults. Adult pneumococcal vaccines help to prevent these burdens, yet,
they are underutilized. Our objective is to systematically collect and summarize
the available evidence on the potential factors that lead to pneumococcal
vaccination acceptance among of adult community. A systematic literature search
was conducted involving studies published from January 1999 to December 2015.
The studies were identified by searching electronic resources (PubMed/MEDLINE
and Pro Quest database) and manual searches of references. Study setting was
focused on factors and determinants that associated with pneumococcal
vaccination intake or acceptance. Final studies result and data were reviewed by
two independent authors. Disagreement was resolved through discussion and
consensus. 17 studies were included in final discussion with 10 domains identified
in the paper. 7 studies (41%) reported that the provider domain, patients’
perception and socio-demographic factor had the most effect on the pneumococcal
vaccination acceptance rate. In addition, only 18% (3) of reviewed papers
highlighted that socio-economic factor influenced the pneumococcal vaccination
acceptance while 24% (4 studies) were attributed to the comorbid domains.
Healthcare provider and patients’ perception about pneumococcal vaccination for
adult population are significant domains that influence the acceptance towards
vaccination. Strong recommendations from healthcare provider for pneumococcal
vaccination would be an important step to increase vaccination acceptance among
the population. In addition, by increase awareness among high risk group and
provide education on benefit of pneumococcal vaccination are believed may
increase the acceptance of vaccination.
7
OP 8
Leptospirosis Prophylaxis for High Risk Adults

Siti Rasidah Abd Ghani, Nazarudin Safian
Alcohol use among adolescent is a major public health concern globally due to its
health and social impact. Due to rapid biological and psychological development,
adolescents are more vulnerable to alcohol abuse and increase chance of taking
risky behaviour. Therefore there is a need to determine the magnitude associated
with alcohol use among adolescents in Malaysia and its determinant factors. The
objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of alcohol use among school-
going adolescents in Malaysia and to determine the factors associated with alcohol
use. This study used data from the Malaysian Adolescent Health Risk Behaviour
study (MyAHRB), a nationwide cross sectional study in 40 schools in Peninsular
Malaysia between May to September 2013. A total of 2610 respondents included in
this study. Chi square test and multiple logistic regression were used to calculate
odds ratio. The prevalence of current alcohol use and ever drinker among students
is 6.1% and 11.7% respectively. Factors associated significantly with the alcohol use
were Chinese ethnicity, current smoker, current drugs use, school truancy, mental
distress and lack of religious value. Despite of alcohol use was prohibited among
students; this high risk behaviour is still prevalence. Intervention focusing on the
above factors is pertinent to reduce the level of alcohol use among adolescent.
8
OP 9
Factors Associated With Failure to Quit Smoking among Attendees of

Quit Smoking Clinics in Hulu Langat District, Selangor, Malaysia
Mohd Fathulzhafran Mohamed Hanan, Halim Ismail
Tobacco smoking is a main public health concern because it is one of the risk
factors for non-communicable diseases such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive
lung disease, ischaemic heart disease and stroke. Quit smoking clinic is one of the
interventions provided by Ministry of Health Malaysia to help smokers to quit
smoking. The present study aimed to look into the common characteristics of
attendees of quit smoking clinic and factors contributed to failure of smoking
cessation among the attendee of quit smoking clinics in primary health care setting
in Hulu Langat District, Selangor. This was a cross-sectional study using a
retrospective secondary data among 245 quit smoking clinics attendees of Health
Clinic in Hulu Langat District from 2016 to 2017. A universal sampling method was
used and date was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Failure to quit smoking was
defined as failure to abstinence from tobacco smoking after attending the quit
smoking clinics for at least 6-month.The majority of the smokers were middle-
aged, male gender, Malay ethnicity, had at least secondary education level and
married. The failure rate of quit smoking clinics was 61.2 %. Factors associated
with failure to quit smoking were which clinic attended, being non-Malay, smoke
more cigarette per day, lesser quit attempt, quit due to non-health reason, higher
Carbon Monoxide level, lesser visit number and higher addiction level. From the
logistic regression model, being non-Malay were more likely to fail 49.6 times,
higher FTND were 16.2 times more failure while smoke more than 15 years were
lesser failure rate. Emphasis should be made towards smokers who are at risk to
failure and factors associated with it.
9
OP 10
Invariant Assessment of Leptospirosis Knowledge and Awareness in

Dog Handlers
Goh Soon Heng1, Rosnah Ismail2, Lau Seng Fong1, Khor Kuan Hua1, Puteri Azaziah Megat Abdul Rani3, Taznim
Begam Mohd Mohidin4
1Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia
3Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra
Malaysia
4Division of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya
Leptospirosis knowledge should be transferred regularly through in-service training

to the dog handlers to enhance their awareness pertaining to self-protection
against the disease. This study aims to determine the training impact by
evaluating the extent of pre and post test scores had changed within the multi-
centre of dog handlers. A pre–post test was given to dog handlers recruited at four
government organizations using 41 tick-off items. The items were developed for
assessing general knowledge about leptospirosis (one item), specific mode of
Leptospira sp. transmission replicating animal-human-environment interaction
concept (13 items) and common Leptospirosis clinical presentations for human (14
items) and animal (13 items). The individual pre-post test scores were generated
using Rasch Measurement Model using WINSTEPS version 3.72.3 before submitting it
for invariance analysis. The invariance analysis was executed using excel
spreadsheet to produce graphical illustration of individual mean and its 95%
Confidence Interval value. A total of 100 dog handlers completed both pre- and
post-tests (response rate = 100%). As an individual, 98% of dog handlers’ knowledge
and awareness significantly increased from the pre- to post-test beyond upper
limit of 95% Confidence Interval (Mean difference increment of scores= 2.07
logits). The remnant of dog handlers was easily spotted as invariance in pre-post
test scores implying further improvement can be done to the specific dog handlers.
The dog handlers had increased knowledge and awareness after a session of in-
service training. The invariance analysis opens an opportunity to the training
evaluator to identify further improvement in future.
10
OP 11
A Review of Validity of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) for the

Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Hua Yeh Li, Nazarudin Safian
Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized as a neurodevelopmental disorder

that affects social and communication skills as well as cognitive and behavioural
functions of the affected individual. The recognition and early detection of Autism
Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using a validated tool is crucial for a better management
of a child with ASD. The objective of this study to conduct a systematic review of
the validation studies of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) as a screening tool
for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using the Cochrane Diagnostic Test Accuracy
Protocol. This review was conducted using the following electronic databases and
search engines: PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct with the following main
keywords of autism, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), autistic traits, social
responsiveness scale (SRS), children, DSM IV, DSM V, accuracy, validity, reliability,
screening and diagnosis. Studies published between the years 2008-2018 were
included in the analyses for its relevance to the objective of this review. Studies
that involved the general population (typically developing) and or clinical samples
of children (ages between 5-18 years old) under the ASD spectrum, including those
with ADHD, Asperger’s Syndrome, and PDD diagnosed under the clinical definitions
of DSM IV and V criteria were included in this review. A total of 125 articles were
obtained from the three electronic database searches and upon further screening
of titles and abstract of the studies only 10 articles were selected for final data
extraction and review. A correlation value of r>0.4, sensitivity and specificity of
the SRS of above 90% and 80% were observed across the studies. Only four studies
used the ‘gold standard’ diagnostic measurement tool in their validation process.
The use of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) to detect Autism Spectrum
Disorder (ASD) is highly encouraged as its validity as discussed and demonstrated in
the review shows that the SRS has good screening ability to detect ASD across all
ages and population.
11
OP 12
Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM):

Application in Medical and Health Sciences Research
Noor Dalila Inche Zainal Abidin, Rosnah Ismail
Business and social science researchers have been using partial least squares
structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) analysis technique for many years to
extend their ability to develop, explore, and confirm research findings. Although,
PLS-SEM is considered as second-generation multivariate data analysis, this
technique is still an alien to the medical and health sciences researchers. The
purpose of this presentation is to explicate PLS-SEM to medical and health sciences
research and exemplify their application. This presentation aggregates new
insights on when PLS-SEM becomes a handy statistical technique to nursing
researchers. It presents the fundamental aspects of the technique that can be
comprehended by individuals with non-statistician mind. To demonstrate its use,
we present a research-related example of how PLS-SEM has been utilized. We then
provide a series of systematic ways to evaluate and interpret the PLS path models.
We also illustrate the analysis of mediating effects, which researchers are
increasingly testing in their model. PLS-SEM is the method of choice if a research
framework contains both factors and composites. It provides opportunity to
visualize how research framework and statistical model match lead to
understanding of the displayed results. It is a tremendous analysis technique
that is able to test multiple regression models simultaneously and maximize the
explained variance of the endogenous latent constructs. It gives researchers the
opportunity to gain insight about the effect of independent on dependant variables
as a whole by evaluating the map of structural model. PLS-SEM can provide a new
perspective on analysing data and potential for advancing research in medical and
health sciences.
12
OP 13
Chronic Kidney Disease Perception Scale: Development and

Construct Validation
Haryati Anuar
UCSI University
The aim of this study was to confirm the construct validity of a recently
formulated chronic kidney diseases perception scale as a measure of the
perception of chronic kidney diseases among diabetic patients in Primer Clinic,
Hospital Canselor Tuanku Mukhriz. The chronic kidney diseases perception scale
(CKDPS) was developed based on through literature review guided by socio-
psychology and The Health Belief Model. Total of sixty-five items were initially
reviewed by experts for face validity, pooled, pretested by 30 health care workers
and translated into Malay using simple back translation. The scale was distributed
to 300 diabetic patients in Primer clinic for construct validation purposes. The
obtained data were analyzed using statistical program MonteCarlo%PA.exe.zip to
systematically compare between the eigenvalue that obtain in SPSS with the value
that generated by parallel analysis..Then followed by varimax and oblimin rotation
method for exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The data was submitted for further
confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using AMOS software. Supported on EFA, the
result for socio-psychology produced four constructs as predicted: fear, timeline
and motivation, medical practice and cooperation. Two items with low factor
loading were removed. The results for perception based on Health Belief Model
(HBM) had five constructs as per stated: perceived benefit, perceived barrier,
perceived susceptibility, perceived severity and cue to action. Those that
unrelated to the recovered domains were removed and two items deleted. The
chronic kidney diseases perception scale with likely psychometric properties is now
ready to measure risks among diabetic patients that free from chronic kidney
diseases and can be used for larger study purposes.
13
OP 14
Association between Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on

Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Adults in Rural Area
of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Aris Widayati1, Fenty1, Yunita Linawati1, Shyamkumar Sriram2
1Pharmacy Faculty Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta
2University of South Carolina, USA
Prevalence of cardiovascular disease tends to increase among Indonesians.

Lifestyle plays an important role on the development of cardiovascular (CVD) risk
factors. This study aimed to explore association between Knowledge, Attitude, and
Practices (KAP) on lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors among rural adults in
Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Respondents were selected purposively. Data on
KAP was gathered using a pre-tested questionnaire. The cardiovascular risk factors
included BMI (Body Mass Index), WC (waist circumference), Blood Pressure, FBG
(Fasting Blood Glucose), and Cholesterol was measured. Data was analyzed using
descriptive and correlative statistics. There were 127 respondents recruited
purposively, three of them were excluded (response rate: 98.4%). Of the
respondents (N=124), 64.5% (80) were female and 35.5% (44) were male. Mean of
age is 50.9 years (range: 26 to 75). Most of them (82.3%) had graduated from junior
or elementary school only, even had not attended a formal school. Of the 44 male
respondents, 52.3% are smokers. As much as 56.5% of 124 respondents had high
level of knowledge on healthier lifestyle, 66.1% tended to have a positive attitude
towards healthier lifestyle, and 67.7% had healthier lifestyle practices. The CVD
risk factors are described as follows: 55.6% are overweight and obese, median of
WC, systole, diastole, FBG, and total cholesterol are 82cm (61 – 110.5), 135 mmHg
(98 – 216.5), 83.25 mmHg (50.5 – 128.5), 85mg/dl (65-282), and 169 mg/dl (99-
316). Knowledge is negatively associated with WC, systole, diastole, and
cholesterol; attitude is negatively associated with systole, diastole, and
cholesterol; practice is negatively associated with WC and cholesterol, but the
associations are weak and not statistically significant. Interestingly, KAP scores are
positively associated with FBG levels. There are also interesting findings that the
more positive on attitude are associated with higher BMI (r=0.209, N=124, p=0.02)
and with higher WC (r=0.220, N=124, p=0.014) significantly. Further research is
needed to explore underlying factors that affect CVD risks.
14
HEALTH MANAGEMENT
OP 15
What Does It Take To Afford Healthcare?

Nurul Salwana AB1, Raoul @ Muhammad Yusof Sibert2, Sararaks S1, EH Tan1, Noor Azlin Mohd Sharif2, Sri
Pathmajayanthi G Govindasamy2, WH Fun1, Shakirah MS1, Fathullah Iqbal AR1, Suhana J1, CJN Tiong1, AS
Rekhraj1, Malindawati MF3, Siti Haniza M1
1Institutefor Health Systems Research, Shah Alam, Malaysia
2HospitalSelayang, Ministry of Health, Batu Caves, Malaysia
3Medical Development Division, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya, Malaysia
The Full Paying Patient (FPP) scheme was a Government initiatives introduced in
2007 to lessen the government’s subsidy for health services while giving patients
the option to choose the specialist doctors. Prior to FPP services expansion, this
study aimed to evaluate current healthcare services affordability amongst the FPP
and non-FPP patients. This is a cross sectional study, using a pre-tested, self-
administered questionnaire, carried out at Selayang Hospital. Patients in
Ophthalmology and Obstetrics & Gynaecology departments were purposively
sampled from both non-FPP and FPP group. From this questionnaire, affordability
was measured using source of payment for healthcare in the last twelve months.
Those who borrowed from family/friend(s) outside of their household loaned from
banks or sold their possessions to pay for healthcare was deemed unaffordable.
Data analysis was done using Stata 12. A total of 192 respondents were involved
(88 FPPs and 104 non-FPPs). The findings showed 13.6% of FPPs and 25% of non-
FPPs could afford not to pay for their healthcare. The top two sources of payment
among those who could not afford in both groups were from family/friend(s) and
bank loan. Additionally, 1.1% of FPPs sold items while 3.9% non-FPPs needed to
obtain funds from multiple sources. Healthcare is affordable for both FPP and non-
FPP groups. Further research involving larger population is needed to confirm
generalisability of our findings to enable effective action for the improvement of
public health. It is critical to ensure future FPP services expansion aid to improve
the nation’s healthcare service delivery.
15
OP 16
Determinants of Hospital Waiting Time in India

Shyamkumar Sriram, Serdar Aydin BS
Department of Health Services Policy and Management, University of South Carolina, USA
Hospital Waiting Time is an important condition which determines the satisfaction

of the patient, access to health care, poor health outcomes, trust in the hospital,
willingness to return to the hospital and the revenue of the hospital. This study
aimed to analyse the determinants of hospital waiting time based on the
demographic characters such as age, sex, race, arrival of the patient by ambulance
to the health facility and the type of ownership of the hospital. Studying these
important determinants will provide essential evidence about the groups of
population experiencing higher waiting times and also the nature of the health
facilities wherein such waiting times are higher. This study was conducted among
the health facilities in Chittoor district, India between May 2015 and September
2016. The study shows significant effect of age, gender, certain races, ownership
of the hospitals and arriving by ambulance in specific facilities on the hospital
waiting time. The study thus provides important policy implications, which will be
useful for both the Government agencies to take policy actions for both improving
the health outcomes of the vulnerable population needing more focus and also
policy perspectives for the different hospitals to change their behaviours for
certain groups of people who need better care to maximize client satisfaction, to
improve revenues and better health outcomes. The study also brings about
important gender differences in the hospital waiting time, which needs not only
Government policy changes, but also changes in the society as a whole. The study
also highlights the policy changes for providing faster care for people arriving in
ambulance in Government healthcare facilities.
16
OP 17
Cost Effectiveness in Cardiopulmonary Bypass Heart Lung Pack

See Woan Shiang1, Zoolfadhli Hashim2, Muhammad Ikram Abdullah2, Salamah Azerai2, Azmiza Maharani2, Raha Mohd Daud2
1
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru
2
Unit of Cardiothoracic Aneshthesia and Perfusion, Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in cardiac surgery is common in Malaysia. It

incorporates an extracorporeal circuit to provide physiological circulatory support
during cardiac surgery which involves a complex mechanical system.
Conventionally, each component and its accessories are purchased and stored as
separate items. Due to the rising cost in health-care setting, we introduce a new
concept of circuit accessories purchase and storage to achieve effective cost
reduction and management. Compared to conventional purchase, our complete
heart lung pack consist of additional items include cardioplegia set, pressure
transducer sets, Vacuum Assisted Venous Drainage (VAVD) system, and Quick clip
“PRONTO” emergency bypass circuit. Purchase price of each separate item, with
heart-lung pack were compared. Annual cost reduction was calculated. It is a more
complete purchase with lower price as a whole, and therefore we had achieved
cost reduction by 27%. In addition, the storage management system is also easy as
space conservation. With the same expiry date as a whole set, it facilitates store
management and avoiding wastage. Compared to conventional purchase, the new
concept of complete heart lung pack purchase and storage has achieved a better
cost reduction, wastage avoidance and storage management. It is an important
change in our rising costly health-care system, where we can optimize the cost-
effectiveness of cardiopulmonary bypass.
17
OP 18
Cost Analysis of Laparoscopic and Open Hernioplasty at Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre in 2016
Abdul Rahman Ramdzan1,2, Mohd Zulfakhar1, Ezdiani Mohamed1, Diyana Ibrahim1, Khalid Mokti1, Nurcholisah Fitra1, Mohd
Rizal Abdul Manaf1
1
2
Department of Community and Family Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Inguinal hernias account for 75% of abdominal wall hernias, with a lifetime risk of
27% in men and 3% in women. Repair of an inguinal hernia is one of the most
common operations in general surgery, with rates ranging from 10 per 100 000 of
the population in the United Kingdom to 28 per 100 000 in the United State. It can
be approached by open or laparoscopic. This study aimed to determine cost
analysis of open and laparoscopic hernioplasty in UKMMC 2016. This study used
retrospective cross-sectional design in order to determine the cost analysis of
laparoscopic and open surgery from the provider’s perspective per patient-day.
Cost of the surgical intervention was obtained from patients' medical record who
underwent hernioplasty from 1st January until 31st December 2016. A total of 60
samples (30 each) were eligible for analysis from 102 patients who fulfilled the
inclusion and exclusion criteria. The cost is derived from cost calculation on
capital and recurrent costs. Results showed that the total cost of inguinal hernia
treated by open surgery is RM 3047.39 and if treated by laparoscopic hernioplasty
is RM 2211.93. The saving if one patient undergone laparoscopic to undergo open
hernioplasty is RM 835.46. This saving is true if we consider all assumptions were
acceptable and the co-morbidity of a patient is similar. The recent cost of
laparoscopic hernioplasty per patient is RM 2211.93 for an average length of stay
per admission is 2.53 days while the recent cost of open hernioplasty per patient is
RM 3047.39 for an average length of stay per admission is 3.85 days.
18
OP 19
Health Financing among Homeless and It Influential Factors

Siti Waffa Abdul Jabar, Azimatun Noor Aizuddin
The presence of homeless in Malaysia is not a new issue. The existence of homeless
population is seen growing along with the development of the country. It is
concerning. With the increasing number of homeless, the range of issues that
related to them are beginning to appear. Among the issues are related to health
and health services received by this population. Although this issue is common to
be heard, but there was limited study. A cross-sectional study of 196 homeless
sample was conducted using a questionnaire which conducted by using face to face
interview. The main objective of this study was to identify the use of health
services and the financier of health services among the homeless in Kuala Lumpur
and the factors that influence it. This study was conducted in Pusat Transit
Gelandangan Kuala Lumpur and Anjung Singgah Kuala Lumpur. The sample in this
study was chosen by using the convenient sampling. Furthermore, through the
distributed questionnaires, they must answer the questions about the utilization of
health services that they received as well as the financiers for their health
services. The analysis of this study showed 57.7% homeless were using utilization of
health service. This study found there is an association between socioeconomic
factors which is employment status and income with financier of health service
(income category) by the significant value of p= 0.009 and p=0.00, p<0.05. Next,
this study found there is a relationship between demographic factor which is
gender, socioeconomic factor which is income and health factors like drug usage
with the health services financiers with significant p=0.039, p=0.00 and p=0.042,
p<0.05. In conclusion, all parties should play a role in ensuring that homeless
people are not left behind in the health care accessibility in Malaysia.
19
OP 20
Combined Systolic Diastolic Hypertension among Adults in Saudi

Arabia: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Predictors: Results of a
National Survey
Abdalla Abdel Wahid Saeed
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
This study aims to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and predictors, of
systolic diastolic hypertension among adults in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A
community-based cross-sectional study using STEPWISE approach among adults
using a multistage, stratified, cluster random sample was carried out. Data were
collected using questionnaires which included sociodemographic, blood pressure,
biochemical, anthropometric measurements, and lifestyle practices. Statistical
analysis included calculating means and standard deviations, proportions,
univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis. A total of 4588 subjects, 413
(9.0%) suffered from systolic diastolic hypertension, which was significantly related
to age, gender, employment, education, geographical location, smoking, physical
activity, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypercholesteraemia. Significant
predictors of systolic diastolic hypertension were male gender, advancing age,
retirement, urbanization, diabetes, and hypercholesteraemia. Systolic diastolic
hypertension is associated with some sociodemographic characteristics and co-
morbidity. Given the various risks associated with systolic diastolic hypertension,
the findings of this study emphasize the need for attempts to prevent and early
diagnose the disease focusing on the modifiable risk factors.
20
OP 21
Willingness to Pay for Cancer Genetic Testing in University

Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC)
Sharifah Ain Shameera Syed Rusli, Azimatun Noor Aizuddin
Genetic testing can help people understand the risks of their diseases, determine
their health care and medical treatment plans as well as adjust their lifestyles.
For cancer, genetic testing is most suggested for people with family history that
has an inherited cancer risk conditions. This is the first study to evaluate the
factors associated with willingness to pay not only among the patients but also
their family members and community. The objective is to determine the factors
associated with the willingness to pay for cancer genetic testing. This is a cross
sectional study done in January to February 2017. A self-administered
questionnaire was distributed to 175 respondents in the oncology and day care unit
in University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) consisted of patients
and their care takers (family and community). There were 149 (85.14%)
respondents have high knowledge about cancer and 99 (56.57%) respondents have
high knowledge about genetic. Majority of the respondents, 66 (94.86%) have
positive attitude towards cancer genetic testing, however, most of them, 167
(95.43%) did not practice the testing. There were 103 (58.86%) of respondents
were willing to pay for genetic testing for cancer which consisted of 42 (24.02%)
respondents among patients, 39 (22.30%) among family members and 22 (12.59%)
from the community. The willingness to pay for out of pocket money were majority
of them, 121 (69.14%) respondents were willing to pay for RM 500 and below,
followed by 23 (13.14%) respondents willing to pay for RM 1,000 and below, 18
(10.29%) respondents willing to pay for RM 2,5000 and below. There were
significant associations between status of educational level, income, knowledge
and attitude with the respondents’ willingness to pay. These findings revealed that
community with risk were willing to pay certain amount of money for genetic
testing.
21
FAMILY HEALTH
OP 22
Development of Logical Framework Analysis for Newborn Screening

Program for Congenital Hypothyroidism
Hamenudin Hamzah1, Rosnah Sutan1, Azmi Tamil1, Amar Singh HSS2, Adliah Mohamed Soid3
2Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun
3Perak State Health Department
Ministry of Health Malaysia has implemented a nationwide Congenital

Hypothyroidism (CH) screening program for all babies delivered in government
hospitals since year 2013. Based on national data, indicators that hardly achieved
are percentage of recalled patients seen for retesting and percentage of treated
confirmed cases within 14 days. Besides, monitoring of this program are not clearly
documented for evaluation. This study aim to develop a validated Logical
Framework Analysis (LFA) tool for the purpose of monitoring of the program
activities. LFA is an analytical tool for objectives-oriented project planning and
management. Content analysis qualitative study was carried out. Relevant
documents such as publish articles, annual report, program guideline and reten
were reviewed to develop LFA of this program. To ensure validity and reliability of
the data, three in-depth interview among program managers and three focus group
discussion among program implementers were conducted to obtain agreement in
the LFA drafted. A Validated LFA tool was develop consisted of project
descriptions (inputs, activities, outputs, purpose and goals), indicators, sources of
verification and risks. LFA is designed to use as management tool during project
implementation monitoring and evaluation of NBS Program for CH.
22
OP 23
Cheras Campus for Special Education Teachers: Post-Training

Evaluation on Sexual Reproductive Health (SRH) for Special Children
Nur Ezdiani M, Siti Diyana I, Abdul Rahman R, Nur Ashiqin AR, Rosnah S
Adolescence are always at risk of performing risky behaviour such as sexual risk
behaviour. SRH education is essential for adolescents including those with special
needs. Child with special needs require a different approach to be educated on
SRH. In fulfilling this, a SRH training program was conducted among trainee
teachers aimed to assist and instil confidence in educating SRH among adolescents
and to educate trainee teachers in recognizing common SRH issues among
adolescents particularly those with special needs. This qualitative study objective
is to evaluate the postgraduate students’ facilitation skills in training 150 trainee
teachers (also known as Guru Ilmuan Khas) on SRH based on a developed module,
as well as exploring feedback on the program implementation.Focus group
discussions were conducted on trainee teachers who had participated in the
training program conducted by the postgraduate students. The participants were
divided into nine groups comprising 15 participants in each group. A semi-guided
questionnaire was used to guide the discussion. Discussions were audiotaped and
video recorded with permission. All the audio and video recordings were
transcribed verbatim. Transcriptions were analysed using thematic analysis to
capture similarities and differences in view expressed by the participants. Eight
themes were derived. Three were related to the facilitators which were
personality and characteristics, knowledge and skills. Five were related to the
programme – time, input, output, outcome and venue. Generally, the programme
received positive remarks. However, the programme input needs further
improvement in the future. Based on the participants’ feedback, the programme
managed to achieve its objectives and the competency level of the postgraduate
students in facilitating the program was satisfactory. Participants were also
encouraged for continuous training programme on sexual reproductive health
involving other teachers as the program is very beneficial.
23
OP 24
Breast Milk Influence on Gross Motor Development

Catherine Thamarai Arumugam
Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, University Malaya
Though the biocultural phenomenon of breastfeeding is recognized as an

unmatched means of feeding, global and local records of breastfeeding pattern
indicate substantial room for improvement. This study sought to investigate
whether infants who receive six months of exclusive breastfeeding as per
recommendation outperform their peers who are not exclusively breastfed in
terms of gross motor milestones achievement. This institution based cross-
sectional study recruited 360 Malaysian mothers aged above 18 years with children
aged six to 36 months old. Information on sociodemographic distribution, child and
obstetric characteristics, home stimulation and nutritional factors that include
breastfeeding practices were obtained through interviews based on a structured
questionnaire. The “Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3” was used to assess child
gross motor developmental level; classified into above, close to and below cut-off
value. Mothers who did not breastfeed at all made up 5.4% of total respondents.
The prevalence of six months exclusive breastfeeding was 36.4% and 31.7% children
aged above two years old received continued breastfeeding for at least 24 months
of life. Duration of breastfeeding was positively associated with gross motor
scoring. Six months of exclusive breastfeeding is a significant predictor of
advanced gross motor attainment among children after adjusting for potential
confounders (aOR 2.61, 95% CI: 1.04 - 6.56), p-value 0.041. The positive impact of
exclusive breastfeeding revealed in this study is hoped to provide an insight in
overcoming issues of early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding through community
empowerment.
24
OP 25
Study Protocol Development on Customized Antenatal Growth Chart

Monitoring Using Grow-My Application in Improving Perinatal
Outcome
Rosnah Sutan1, Muhammad Za’im Sahul Hameed1, Azmi Mohd Tamil1, Saperi Sulong1, Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy2,
Shuhaila Ahmad2, Rahana Abdul Rahman2, Aida Hani Mohd Kalok2, Idayu Badilla Idris1, Nor Azlin Mohd Ismail1,
Rohana Jaafar3
1Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chancellor Tuanku Muhriz Hospital, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Malaysia
3Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Chancellor Tuanku Muhriz Hospital, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Malaysia
Incidence rates of preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA) are still high
in Peninsular Malaysia. The incidence varies among different ethnic groups. This is
a study of the development and validation of the GROW-MY chart which is a
customized antenatal fetal growth monitoring in UKM Medical Centre (UKMMC).
GROW stands for gestation related optimal weight and MY stands for Malaysia. The
chart plots symphysio-fundal height (SFH) measurement according to gestational
age. The curve standard is plotted based on coefficient measurement obtained
from retrospective analysis of the UKMMC labour room data. Through the analysed
relationship of maternal ethnicity, height, weight, parity and fetal sex to birth
weight, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and stillbirth, the chart is developed
to obtain optimal fetal growth based on the Malaysian population standard.
Collaboration with the Perinatal Institute of Birmingham who has implemented the
customized antenatal GROW chart for National Health Service in United Kingdom is
formed to develop this present study protocol. Screening and management of
algorithm for SGA cases has been developed based on consensus meeting and
validation by the experts. The antenatal growth chart will be developed using
retrospective data that reflect the national multi-ethnicity population of Malaysia.
Ultrasound data from the hospital will be used to determine if the customized
fetal growth charts are accurate in predicting optimal fetal weight. All Malaysian
(Malay, Chinese & Indian) singleton normal births (without present/stated
maternal illness or fetal anomaly) delivered in UKMMC from January 2019 to
December 2019 will be selected to assess the effectiveness of the chart and
algorithm in preventing SGA. Feasibility testing of the customized fetal growth
chart is conducted to observe limitation in its implementation.
25
OP 26
Factors Associated with Health Literacy among Type 2 Diabetes

Mellitus Patients Attending Tanjung Karang and Sungai Tengi Kanan
Health Clinics in the District of Kuala Selangor, 2017
Noor Amanina Shaharudin1, Suriani Ismail1, Rosliza Abd Manaf1, Muhamad Hanafiah Juni1, Hayati Kadir @
Shahar1, Ahmad Shahrul Nizam Isha2, Noor Rafizah Aminah Aziz3
1Department of Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia
2Department of Management and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia
3District Health Office of Kuala Selangor, Ministry of Health Malaysia
This article aims to determine the factors associated to health literacy and the
predictors of adequate health literacy among T2DM patients attending Tanjung
Karang and Sungai Tengi Kanan health clinics in the district of Kuala Selangor. A
cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted with a
total of 223 respondents with T2DM. The respondents were selected using
systematic random sampling from a list of T2DM patients attending the two health
clinics. The questionnaire consists of 8 sections. IBM Statistical Package for Social
Science (SPSS) Version 23.0 was used to analyse all collected data with significance
level at p < 0.05. The predictors were then analysed using multiple logistic
regression. The response rate was 86.9%. A total of 85% of the respondents had
adequate health literacy. Factors found to be significantly associated with the
level of health literacy are the level of education, household income, diabetes
duration, diabetes knowledge, SDSCA exercise, blood glucose testing, and foot
care and all DQOL domains. The odds of having adequate health literacy among
those with secondary/tertiary education people were 5.9 times higher compared to
those with primary education [AOR = 5.917, 95% CI (0.038, 0.757)]. Adequate
health literacy is also increased 4.5 times with 1 unit increase of household income
[AOR = 4.566, 95% CI (1.064, 19.598)]. The odds of having adequate health literacy
increased by 1.5 times with the increase in 0.4 units of exercise score [AOR =
1.459, 95% CI (1.016, 2.095)]. The odds of having adequate health literacy
increased by 1.4 times with the increase in 0.3 unit of foot care score [AOR =
1.362, 95% CI (1.018, 1.823)]. The prevalence of adequate health literacy was high
among the T2DM patients. The predictors of adequate health literacy are level of
education, household income, and SDSCA.
26
OP 27
Antepartum Depressive, Anxiety and Comorbid Symptoms among

Men and Women in East and West Coast of Malaysia: A Cross-
Sectional Analysis of a Perinatal Psychiatric Morbidity Cohort Study
Hashima E Nasreen1, Jamalludin Ab Rahman1, Razman Mohd Rus1, Mira Kartiwi2, Rosnah Sutan3, Maigun
Edhborg4
1Facultyof Medicine, IIUM
2Facultyof Information and Communication Technology, IIUM
4Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
Research on antepartum psychiatric morbidities investigating both depressive and

anxiety symptoms in women and men are lacking in low- and middle-income
countries. This study estimated the prevalence of depressive, anxiety and co-
morbid symptoms and explored the associated factors in a cross-section of
Malaysian pregnant women and their husbands. The study used cross-sectional data
originating from a prospective cohort study of 911 women and 587 husbands during
the third trimester of pregnancy, from health clinics of two states in east and west
coast of Malaysia. The validated Malay version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression
Scale, and the anxiety scale of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale were used to
measure depressive and anxiety symptoms. Multiple logistic regression analyses
identified the determinants of antepartum depressive and anxiety symptoms (ADS
and AAS). Prevalence of ADS was 12.2% in women and 8.4% in men, while AAS was
28.8% in women and 13.3% in men, and co-morbid symptoms was 8.0% in women
and 4.0% in men. Women and men having perceived social/family support were
less likely to suffer from ADS. Intimate partner violence, poor relationship with
husbands, depression in earlier pregnancy and husband’s depression in current
pregnancy in women, and living in rented house, sex preference for the unborn
child, stressful life events and wife’s depression in current pregnancy in men were
associated with a greater likelihood of ADS. The determinants for AAS were living
in rented house and with parents/in-laws, poor relationship with husbands,
restrictions during pregnancy and stressful life events for women, and stressful life
events and being unsupported towards wives in household chores for men.
Depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy are prevalent in women and
men, and largely an undetected problem in Malaysia. Administration of couple-
based screening and referral programme during antenatal check-up should be
universal practices to identify and treat the psychiatric morbidities.
27
OP 28
Breastfeeding Mothers Understanding of Growing-Up Milk

Advertisement in Malaysia and Singapore
Adlina Suleiman1, Siti Norjinah Abdul Moin2, Aqil Mohd. Daher1, Lugova Halyna1, Nur Izleen Rosli3, Soe Soe
Aye1, Muhamad Abu Bakar1
1Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia

2BFHI Training and Research Center, Malaysia
3Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia
A study was conducted to determine if marketing of growing up milk in mass media

influences a mother’s choice of feeding. Objectives of this study are to determine
whether mothers could differentiate advertisement on growing-up milk from other
types of formula milk and to determine whether the marketing of growing up milk
in mass media influenced a mother’s choice of feeding. An interviewer based
questionnaire was constructed with questions using the Likert Scale and targeted
at mothers attending the maternal child health clinics in Alor Gajah, Kuala Langat,
Serdang, Klang, Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia (n=106) and Singapore (n=202) for the
period of March and October 2017. Systematic random sampling of breastfeeding
mothers with children below the age of 5-years was conducted to obtain the
samples for this study. Verbal consent was taken before commencement of the
study. The mean age of mothers was 32+4.6 years and the mean age of babies was
2.1 + 1.0 years. 89.8% of mothers had tertiary education while the remainder had
secondary education (10.2%). The pilot study to test the validity and reliability of
the questionnaire was conducted in June 2014. The Cronbach Alpha value for
negative oriented questions was o.77 and for positive oriented questions was 0.67.
It was found that 90.6% of mothers were able to recall the brand name of the
formula after being exposed to the picture for 10 seconds. The words “Mama’s
Milk” was seen by a higher percentage of mothers compared to the numbers 1, 2
and 3 & 4 which points to a possible linking of mother’s milk to infant and growing
up formula. The paradoxical finding was that even though the majority of mothers
thought they could differentiate the advertisement for infant formula and growing
up milk, the only thing that attracted them to the paper advertisement was the
brand name and many could not recall what type of milk was being advertised.
28
OP 29
An Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards

Premarital Carrier Screening of Beta Thalassemia: A Cross-Sectional
Survey among University Students in Larkana Sindh, Pakistan
Sarmad Jamal Siddiqui, Idayu Badilla Idris, Rozita Hod
Beta thalassemia is one of the most widely inherited hematologic disease and can
provoke extreme transfusion-dependent anaemia. Around 56000 individuals
worldwide are conceived every year who are effected with beta thalassemia and
around 30,000 individuals have to depend on blood transfusion throughout life. The
most practical methodology for decreasing the weight of haemoglobin disorders is
to manage the disease with awareness and prevention programs. Knowledge
towards premarital carrier screening for beta thalassemia is necessary to decrease
the burden of the disease in society. The aim of this study was to assess the
knowledge, attitude and practice about premarital carrier screening towards beta
thalassemia among the university students of Larkana city, Sindh, Pakistan. A
cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 university students aged 18 to 25
years old from three universities of Larkana city, Sindh, Pakistan. A self-
administered questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and practice towards
premarital carrier screening for beta thalassemia and its associated factors was
distributed among the respondents immediately after the lectures in the lecture
halls of selected universities. The results showed that overall 56.9% respondents
had poor knowledge, 63.8% respondents had negative attitude towards premarital
carrier screening, around 62.1% respondents had poor practices towards premarital
carrier and premarital carrier screening for beta thalassemia was performed
among the family members of only 41.7% respondents. There was a significant
association between gender and knowledge where more female respondents had
good knowledge around 58.5% than male respondents (35.8%). There was a
significant association between university of respondents and knowledge, where
majority of the respondents from medical university (SMBBMU) had more
knowledge around 57.8%. The association between university of respondents and
attitude was significant, where majority of the students from medical university
(SMBBMU) had positive attitude. As a conclusion, university students of Larkana
city, Sindh Pakistan had poor knowledge, attitude and practice towards premarital
carrier screening of beta thalassemia. Health promotion for premarital carrier
screening for beta thalassemia should be done on a larger scale.
29
OP 30
Study on Health Education in Managing Pregnant Women with

Anemia in Sepang: A Study Protocol
Hasneezah Hassan, Rosliza Abdul Manaf, Salmiah Mad Said
Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
Anaemia Anaemia in pregnancy is a common health problem in Malaysia and has a

significant health consequence to mother and their infants. The aim of this study is
to develop, implement and evaluate the effects of a theory-based health
educational intervention on the haemoglobin level among anaemic pregnant
women. This study uses a quasi-experimental study design and involve two groups
of antenatal mothers (control and intervention) from two health clinics in the
sepang district. There will be 81 anaemic pregnant women per group. The primary
outcome is haemoglobin level. Secondary outcome include knowledge regarding
anaemia, Health Belief Model constructs, dietary iron intake and level of
compliance towards iron supplementation. Both groups will be receiving routine
antenatal care. Additionally, the intervention groups will be given a validated
theory-based health education intervention on anaemia in pregnancy. This module
was developed based on Health Belief Model and will be implemented using three
strategies: pre and post intervention assessment and health education
intervention. The pretest assessment will be measured before 24 week of gestation
and followed by the health education intervention will be held within 12 weeks.
The methods used in the module included health talk, small group discussion,
poster presentation and pamphlets. Post intervention evaluation will be measured
between weeks 35 to week 37 of gestation. If the intervention is effective in
improving the outcome for pregnant women with anaemia, this approach could be
taken into consideration to improve the anemia in pregnancy after further
research.
30
OP 31
The Health-Related Quality of Life of Malaysian Gastrointestinal

Cancer Patients
Nik Nairan Abdullah 1,2, Idayu Badilla Idris1, Khadijah Shamsuddin1, Nik Muhd. Aslan Abdullah1
1Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre
2Department of Public Health Medicine,Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA,47000 Sungai
Buloh,Selangor,Malaysia
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer cases diagnosed are increasing in trend. Numerous

literature is available on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of GI
cancers but there is scarcity of studies on the quality of life (QOL) of GI cancer
patients specifically. The purpose of the study was to determine the QOL of GI
cancer patients and the associated factors. This cross-sectional study (from August
2017- February 2018) recruited a purposive sampling of 323 GI cancer patients
from three major oncology centres. The patients completed questionnaires on
demographic, clinical characteristics and SF-12 after given their written consents.
A Malay validated SF-12 was used to measure the QOL. Analysis of variance
(ANOVA) and Pearson correlation were carried out. The mean age of the patients
was 59.59 + 11.98, ranged 22-86 years old. The proportion of patients was Malays
(50.2%), Chinese (35.3%), Indians (13.6%) and others (0.9%). The mean duration of
the cancer was 20.27 months +26.19. An estimated 53.6% of them were in stage 4.
The Physical Component Summary (PCS) of 38.03+12.67 was lower than the Mental
Component Summary (MCS) of 45.12+11.75. Out of the 8 domains of QOL, the
Mental Health score was the highest (45.42+11.71) while the lowest was General
Health score (37.88+10.80). Income level (r=0.12, p value=0.04), ethnicity (F=2.87,
p value=0.04), duration of cancer (r=0.12, p value=0.04), and type of cancer
(F=7.71, p value<0.01) were significantly associated with the MCS. None of the
factors were significantly associated with the PCS. The GI cancer patients had
lower score in the physical health aspect compared to their mental health. Further
research is required to look for the determinants for low scores of physical aspect
which may be related to the GI symptoms.
31
OP 32
Stres Kebimbangan dan Kemurungan dalam kalangan Penjaga

Pesakit Leukaemia Kanak-Kanak
Natrah Rani1, Faiz Daud1, Hamidah Alias2
1Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre
2Jabatan Pediatrik, Fakulti Perubatan, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Pusat Perubatan Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia
Penjagaan pesakit kanak-kanak leukemia memerlukan pemerhatian dan tumpuan

yang tinggi untuk memastikan rawatan yang disarankan oleh Pakar Perubatan
dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik. Perkara ini sedikit sebanyak akan menjejaskan
kefungsian sosial, meningkatkan stres, kebimbangan dan kemurungan dalam
kalangan penjaga. Oleh itu, kajian irisan lintang ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji
prevalen serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi stres, kebimbangan dan
kemurungan dalam kalangan penjaga kepada pesakit leukemia kanak-kanak. Oleh
itu, kajian irisan lintang ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji prevalen serta faktor-faktor
yang mempengaruhi stres, kebimbangan dan kemurungan dalam kalangan penjaga
kepada pesakit leukemia kanak-kanak. Sampel kajian adalah 54 orang. Data diukur
menggunakan DASS-21 versi Bahasa Malaysia yang telah divalidasi oleh kajian
lepas. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa prevalen stres rendah dalam kalangan
penjaga kepada pesakit leukemia kanak-kanak adalah 88.9% manakala prevalen
stres tinggi adalah 11.1%. Prevalen kebimbangan rendah adalah 90.7% dan prevalen
kebimbangan tinggi adalah 9.3%. Prevalen kemurungan rendah adalah 96.3% dan
prevalen kemurungan tinggi adalah 3.7% dalam kalangan penjaga. Terdapat
beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi stres dan kemurungan dalam kalangan
penjaga secara signifikan (p<0.05). Faktor yang mempunyai hubungan dengan
status kemurungan adalah jantina penjaga dan hubungan antara penjaga dengan
ahli keluarga sama ada erat atau tidak erat (p<0.05). Sebagai kesimpulan, faktor
sosiodemografi dan hubungan antara penjaga dengan ahli keluarga sama ada erat
atau tidak erat mempengaruhi stres dan kemurungan dalam kalangan penjaga
kepada pesakit leukemia kanak-kanak manakala faktor tahap pengetahuan tidak
mempengaruhi stres, kebimbangan dan kemurungan dalam kalangan penjaga.
Strategi diperlukan untuk bantu mengurangkan stres, kebimbangan dan
kemurungan dalam kalangan penjaga kepada pesakit leukemia kanak-kanak.
32
OP 33
Development and Effectiveness of Sexual Reproductive Health

Training Module for Children and Adolescent with Disabilities
Zuraidah Zaidun, Nur Ezdiani Mohamed, Aznida Mohamad Zaki, Muhammad Aklil bin Abd Rahim, Ammar
Amsyar Abdul Haddi, Raudah Abd Rahman, Khalid Mokti, Siti Diyana Ibrahim, Fadzrul Hafiz Johani, Nur
Ashiqin Binti Abd Rahman, Mohd Shafik Abd Majid, Azman Atil@Azmi, Wan Rosmawati Wan Ismail, Mohd
Faizal Madrim, Muhammad Haneef Azme, Abdul Rahman Ramdzan, Rosnah Sutan, Alijah Ujang
Sexual reproductive health (SRH) is an important topic for discussions to be taught

in the community. The increase in cases involving unwanted pregnancy among
adolescents, sexual transmitted infections, illegal abortions and sexual exposure at
young age asking attention by the society. Children and adolescents with special
needs are more prone to sexual abuse and deal with sexual behaviour problems, as
they not able to identify and report the situation they faced. The right for this
group of population to be provided with knowledge and skills which required them
to understand and able to manage their own reproductive health and their
security. Low confidence level among teachers on SRH teaching is one of inhibiting
factor. The objective of this study project is to determine the effectiveness of
Training Module on sexual reproductive health for children and adolescent with
special needs. The project conducted by 19 Doctorate of Public Health student
UKM, with undergraduate student of special needs education program in IPG. The
module presentation through interactive seminar, forum and structured group
activities. The assessment by guided self-administered questionnaire pre and post
program on SRH knowledge, SRH teaching attitudes and confidence level. Paired t-
test is used for statistical analysis. The total post-test average score is higher with
mean difference 4.054 (95% CI: 2.993 – 5.114). There are statistically significant
difference (p <0.001) in all domains with higher post-test average score; with
mean difference for confidence level 0.652 (95% CI: 0.502 – 0.802), mean
difference for knowledge is 2.536 (95% CI: 1.898 – 3.173), while attitude mean
difference 1.518 (95% CI: 0.894 – 2.142). The Training Module was effective in
improving knowledge and attitudes of the participants on SRH teaching, while the
overall confidence level of the participants were improved. SRH education among
children and adolescent with special needs are important, to ensure the
understanding and prevention of SRH related problems.
33
HEALTH PROMOTION
OP 34
Developing a School Based Mental Health Program to Prevent the

Incidence of Psychotic Illness in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A Screening
Phase
M.A. Subandi1, Carla Marchira2, Idei Khurnia Swasti1, Ardian Praptomojati1, Edo S Jaya3, Byron J. Good4
1Faculty of Psychology, Gadjah Mada University
2Department of Psychiatry, Gadjah Mada University
3Faculty of Psychology, University of Indonesia
4Department Global Health and Social Medicine HMS, Harvard University
The prevalence of psychotic disorders has been estimated to be only between 1 to

2 percent of the population, but the burden of disease is very high. There have
been increasing studies that focus on the early phase of the illness, aiming at
developing a primary prevention. This paper aiming at describing a screening phase
of the development of a school based mental health program to prevent the
incidence of psychosis. The screening for Ultra High Risk (UHR) individual was
conducted using self-report surveys in two high schools in the area of Yogyakarta
province. Total number of students participated was 381 (15 – 17 years old). 5
standardized instruments were used: (1) CAPE (Community Assessment Psychic
Experience) to measure life time psychotic experience, (2) Self-esteem Scale, (3)
Mental wellbeing scale, (4) Resilience scale, (5) social support scale. Qualitative
data was gathered through Focus Group Discussion. Using a cut-off score of 3.20
for CAPE scale, 28.65% subjects (110 students) met the criteria for a UHR status for
psychosis. This percentage is comparable to a number of previous studies indicated
that psychotic experience among adolescence is considered a normal experience.
T-test analysis showed that there were no significant different between UHR group
and Non-UHR group on self-esteem, mental wellbeing, resilience and social support
(p>.01). This result suggested that the UHR group currently live a normal life.
However, FGD data indicated that 10% of subject with highest CAPE score
experienced psychological trauma and domestic violence. Data screening survey in
this research support the literature that psychotic experience is considered normal
experience among adolescence. Only very few of them are predicted to turn into
psychosis. Prevention and early intervention program at school is crucial to
prevent the incidence of psychosis
34
OP 35
Validity of the Bahasa Malaysia Version of Patient Education

Materials Assessment Tool
Wong Siong Ting1, Norkhafizah Saddki1, Wan Nor Arifin2
1School
of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
2Unit
of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health
Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
The Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) is a tool to evaluate

understandability and actionability of patient education materials (PEMs). It has
two versions: PEMAT-P for printable materials and PEMAT-A/V for audio-visual
materials. This study determined the validity of the Bahasa Malaysia version of
PEMAT, designated as PEMAT-P(M) and PEMAT-A/V(M). Twenty health care workers
(HCW) of various health fields involved in delivery of health education to patients
at the Ministry of Health (MOH) facilities were recruited to evaluate one printable
and one audio-visual PEM. This was followed by reassessment of the materials
using the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) instrument, an established
instrument for measuring suitability of PEMs. In addition, a consumer testing was
done on 16 adult patients attending MOH facilities. Each patient evaluated one
PEM, either printable or audio-visual. Their understanding of the PEM and the
extent of knowing what actions to take was assessed. Two types of scores were
yielded: comprehension score and numeric score. Significant correlations were
observed between the understandability and actionability scores of both PEMAT-
P(M) and PEMAT-A/V(M), with correlation coefficient of 0.852 and 0.702
respectively. The understandability and actionability scores of both PEMAT-P(M)
and PEMAT-A/V(M) were also significantly correlated with SAM scores. The
correlation coefficient ranged from 0.693 to 0.894, suggesting positive and
moderate to high correlations. The understandability and actionability scores of all
16 PEMs were significantly correlated with the consumer testing comprehension
and numeric scores, with correlation coefficients that ranged from 0.521 to 0.758.
The Bahasa Malaysia version of PEMAT is a valid instrument for measuring
understandability and actionability of PEMs developed in Bahasa Malaysia.
35
OP 36
Framework of Initiatives to Address Antimicrobial Resistance –

Global to Local Interagency Coordination
Wong Chin Mun, Rosnah Ismail, Noor Hassim Ismail
Recent initiatives to address antimicrobial resistance (AMR) vibrate concerted

efforts from global to local interagency coordination (IAC). This presentation aims
to demonstrate the labyrinth of IAC in addressing AMR issues to provide an insight
about the issues for future public health actions to be taken. Content analysis was
applied on working document of Interagency Coordination Group on Antimicrobial
Resistance entitled AMR Framework for Action and Operational Framework for
Strengthening Human, Animal and Environmental Public Health Systems at their
Interface. The establishment of content categories was guided by One Health
System Mapping in a hierarchical manner i.e. type of agency and its major role,
and movement of data/information. In each document, context related to task,
ways of communication and decision making were analysed. These contexts were
recorded in Excel sheet with colour coded indicators. World Health Organization
initiated the effort in combating antimicrobial resistance, the result improves as
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Organisation
for Animal Health partakes in the ownership. UNGA Political Declaration to tackle
AMR 2016 set up pillars to combat antimicrobial resistance using one health
approach via multi-levers as laid out in the 5 strategies of Global Action Plan
through One Health Approach 2016. The declaration was birth from Global
Development and Stewardship framework for AMR 2016 in synchronizing effort with
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2015-2030. Interagency Coordination Group
for Antimicrobial Resistance summarized the Framework for Action for
antimicrobial resistance in year 2017. The global to local framework of initiatives
to address antimicrobial resistance was simplified visually. This IAC mapping can
be a useful tool for the public health specialist to ally with others to combat AMR
issues at Malaysian setting.
36
OP 37
The Association of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Hand

Hygiene and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
Influence the Prevalence of MRSA among Haemodialysis Patients
Khairunnisa Mohd Sukri, Abdul Aziz Marwan, Nurul Azmawati Mohamed, Ilina Isahak
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
Staphylococcus aureus, particularly methicillin resistant (MRSA) colonization have

been identified as a reason in developing infection which lead to mortality among
end stage renal failure patients who received haemodialysis. Meanwhile, survey of
knowledge, attitude and practice of hand hygiene and MRSA mostly being recruited
on healthcare workers only. The present study aimed to investigate the
knowledge, attitude and practice of hand hygiene and MRSA colonization in
haemodialysis patients. A further objective was to determine the prevalence of S.
aureus and MRSA, their association with KAP as well as the sensitivity of the
antibiotics. A cross sectional study was conducted at Nephrology Unit Hospital
Canselor Tuanku Muhriz between February 2017 to February 2018. Convenience
sampling method was selected for the respondents. Face-to-face interview using
standardized and validated questionnaires of KAP were used. Sample of nasal
swabs were collected, cultured on mannitol salt agar and other biochemical tests
for S. aureus determination. Isolates were further screened for MRSA using 30 μg
cefoxitin disc and others six antimicrobial drugs by disc diffusion procedure. Data
of questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. A total of 134
respondents participated in this study. The mean score of hand hygiene and MRSA
colonization knowledge was low 7.40 (±3.26), moderate attitude 4.79 (±1.65) and
high practice 4.57(±0.84). There were 27 (20.1%) S. aureus and no MRSA detected.
The most effective antibiotics to S. aureus were teicoplanin, linezolid and
cefoxitin with each recorded 100% susceptible. The highest resistance to S. aureus
isolates was erythromycin with 29.6%. This study identified high score of practices
among HD patients of hand hygiene and MRSA colonization is the factor that
prevents the occurrence of MRSA. However, education structured programs need
to develop to create awareness and might reduce the overall prevalence of S.
aureus.
37
UNIKL
OP 38
A Low-Cost Smart System for Real-Time Pulse Rate Monitor to

Identify Heart Problem Using IoT
Soheli Farhana, Md Masum Billah, Zulkhairi Mohd Yusof, Kushsairy Kadir
Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), Malaysia
Heart disease is rapidly growing in every year due to unhealthy life style and lack
of health diagnosis and treatment. People should aware and avoid of manmade
environmental effects that causes heart problem i.e. smoking, consuming
unhealthy cooking oil, polluted air in the industrial areas etc. The heart problem
can be avoided by using Internet of Things (IoT) technology for early detection of
heart disease. This paper aims develop an embedded system which will monitor
the patient’s pulse rate in real-time basis in order to diagnose the heart status by
the medical doctor. This research is covered a wide range of study especially in
pulse rate and the health of patient’s body which will be communicating through
cloud computing network. This work investigates the IoT platform using Texas
Instrument CC3200 Launchpad Microcontroller system that integrates with the
pulse sensor, microcontroller and the IoT system. The sensor is used to estimate
the changes of blood volume at fingertips and eventually detect the heartbeat of
the patient. The signal received from ﬁngertip will processed via analog ﬁlters and
the output is sent to a computer through a microcontroller interface to be
processed using Energia IDE, which is a software that compatible with the Texas
Instruments controller. The data obtained send through the MQTT sever which acts
as Internet Protocol and keep the data in the server by using Internet.
Furthermore, the data is monitored from the website or the apps used by the
medical doctor. The proposed system was developed and tested on the five
number of subjects with the age group 20-30 years old male. They were tested in
different time but each of them was continuously tested for two hours and keep
track their pulse rate in real-time basis no matter wherever they are or what they
do. The results show the real-time pulse rate for the subjects which were verified,
and we found 93% data was accurate observed from cloud server. Finally, the pulse
data was sent for further diagnosis. This work will able to help the patients to
monitor their health condition especially for those who suffered from heart
problems. Early detection of problems can be treated by the doctors. At the same,
this work also can promote the awareness about the importance of health
indirectly towards people. By adding more sensors to detect other health
parameters such as blood pressure, body temperature, and daily physical activities
will be enhancing this system in future.
38
OP 39
Surface Functionalization and Characterization of Carbon Modified

Graphene Nanoplatlet for Sensitive and Selective Immobilization
Protein Tumour Markers
Mohd Azraie Mohd Azmi1, Fatihatul Zuriati Makmon2, Nurul Azzurin Badruzzaman2, Suhaili Sabdin2, Azman
Abd Aziz @ Mohd Yusof2, Nur Azura Mohd Said3
1Department of Electronic, Universiti of Kuala Lumpur British Malaysia Institute (UniKL BMI), Malaysia
2Research and Innovation Center, Universiti of Kuala Lumpur British Malaysia Institute (UniKL BMI), Malaysia
3Biotechnology & Nanotechnology Research Centre, MARDI, Selangor
The carbon modified graphene Nanoplatlets (GNP) electrode with amine

terminated using 3-Aminopropyl.triethoxysilane (APTES) represents an attractive
features for active field of research and development in biosensor including
biomedical analysis. Here we report the studies on carbon modified Graphene
Nanoplatlet (GNP) and its surface functionalization using electrochemical method.
The carbon electrode surface were first modified by GNP via drop casting method.
The amount (dropcast) was calculated based on the dilution percentage of 4%, 8%,
12%, 16%, 20% and 100% in water from 1 mg of GNP. The selection was made based
on the electrochemical response and Raman characterization. The oxidation and
reduction peak of cyclic voltammogram was observed in all percentage; however,
16% GNP shows better peak separation. Curing time and oven baked temperature
ratio of 1 hour: 100˚C, 1 hour: 60˚C, 1 hour: 120˚C, 12 hour: 100˚C and 12 hour at
room temperature respectively were analyzed using cyclic voltammetry in redox
solution of 1 mM Ferrocene Carboxylic acid in PBS pH 7.4. Significant result shows
inconsistency of redox cycle and peak potential near to unmodified carbon
electrode. Secondly, the GNPs surface was functionalized using 2% of APTES. The
commercial reduced graphene oxide (rGO) screen printed electrode (SPE) was also
functionalized to study their correlation in peak separation. We observed the GNPs
peak-to- peak potential separation is 0.0993 mV smaller compared than rGO 0.432
mV at 100 mVs-1 scan rate. The high conductivity of GNPs electrical properties
could be due to an increase in reversibility of ion oxidation and ion reduction
which resulted to a decreased in resistance charge transfer across GNPs. In
addition, Raman measurements were performed to analyze the effect of
hydroxylation and APTES functionalization on GNPs and rGO electrode. The
contribution of these studies will be used for sensitive and selective immobilization
of protein tumor markers related to lung cancer.
39
OP 40
A Real-Time Aedes Mosquito Detection System to Prevent Dengue

Disease in Malaysia
Zulkhairi MY, Md Masum B, Kushsairy K, Abdul Malik MA
Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysia Institute (UniKL-BMI) Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
The dengue fever brought by Aedes mosquitoes is listed as the most prevalent
disease in Malaysia with a ratio of 328.3 cases per 100,000 population in recent
time. An automated computational system is required to detect Aedes mosquito to
protect the mass population from this terrible disease. Traditional methods for
mosquito classification involve highly manual process requiring tedious sample
collection and supervised laboratory analysis. In this research, we introduce a
novel method to identify Aedes mosquito by investigating biometric feature
analysis. The identification system consists of video surveillance system where an
OpenCV based tools will analyse the mosquito to classify the specific mosquito
from among other species in real time. The tool uses Deep Learning Neural
Network (DLNN) classification to classify the mosquitoes according to its species
and other insects. The proposed solution will be tested and benchmark with
existing classification techniques to validate its functionality.The OpenCV has built
to focus on facial recognition for raw histogram computation using DLNN classifier.
The results of the classification prediction show that most of the mosquito images
were predicted correctly and only one was predicted as baby chair from eight
images which were taken near Gombak, Kuala Lumpur area during afternoon time.
The classification learning is basically depending on the images feed to the
learning directory. The accuracy of the system is about 83% which quite good to be
used for mosquito classification in real time basis to reduce dengue disease.
Biometric analysis of mosquitoes have shown that mosquitoes can be identified
using biometric markers such as wingbeat frequency, body colour, shape, and size.
These biometric identifications can be used to classify the mosquitoes accordingly.
Deep Learning Neural Network model shows a successful classification capability to
prevent from Aedes mosquito bite. The research into classification of mosquitoes is
a currently active however no solution has yet to be found since at the moment all
the mosquitoes are being treated as equally dangerous. Therefore, the proposed
solution will be a novel work for the researcher to work in further improvement for
Aedes mosquito detection.
40
OP 41
Mediating Effects of Health on Stressor and Work Performance: A

Case of Practical Training Students in a Malaysian Government-
Linked University
Sheikh Muhamad Hizam SK1, Wan Muhd Nasrul Hadi WAA2, Issoufou C3
1Management & Entrepreneurship Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur
2Islamic
Finance Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur
3Economic Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur
Study on the issue of internship students’ stress is scarce particularly among

students in government-linked universities (GLUs). From the literature review
conducted, stress can have an impact upon health. This, in turn will affect work
performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship
between stress and health, and subsequently on the work performance of the
internship students in a GLU. A Shortened Stress Screening Tool or ASSET was used
to measure the stress level of the students. From the ASSET model of stress, the
source of stress was identified. They are: Work Relationships, Work-Life Balance,
Overload, Job Security, Job Control, Resources and Communication, Aspect of the
Job, and Pay and Benefits. Meanwhile, the effect of stress which is Health is also
measured. Health consisted of Physical Health and Psychological Well-Being.
Finally, Individual Work Performance was measured using individual work
performance measures. Work performance was measured through Task
Performance, Contextual Performance, and Counterproductive Behavior. The
sample of study was taken from the final year undergraduate business s32tudents
from a GLU. They underwent a three-month practical training period with outside
companies. Using the systematic sampling technique, 250 internship students were
selected as the sample of the study. Multiple regression analysis (MRA) technique
was utilized to analyze the direct and indirect effects of the study. Results
indicated that certain stressors such as work relationship (β = - 0.328; p < 0.01);
control (β = - 0.186; p < 0.05); resources and communication (β = - 0.196; p <
0.05); and pay and benefits (β = - 0.243; p < 0.01) were significant and negative in
affecting their work performance at the workplace. In conclusion, organizations
employing practical students are suggested to intervene the stress process.
41
OP 42
Design and Fabrication of Coconut Gripper V2

Jannatunnaim Harun1, Gwee Chiou Chin1, Nor Azrin Nozmi2
1Jabatan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Politeknik Merlimau, Melaka
2Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL), Malaysia
Development and innovation in technology tends to change the existing products to

the better. The main merits of this proposed machine were it is economical,
efficient in terms of time and energy and to enhance the safety features of the
existing Coconut gripper V1. There were few accident cases involving the
conventional coconut gripper in Malaysia. Thus, it is important to educate people
on the safety precautions and potential hazards of the conventional coconut
gripper to avoid such accidents.The existing coconut gripper in Malaysia is normally
time consuming, difficult to handle by amateur and lack with safety features. This
paper aims to increased automation and safety in the existing coconut grated that
will lead to lower demand on manpower and producing a compact design of
coconut gripper. The design and innovation is taken from the Coconut gripper V1.
In the implementation of the Coconut gripper V2 the addition aspect includes the
use of a gripper which act as a human hand to grasp, move and place objects. The
Coconut gripper V2 is equipped with three mechanical fingers to maximize the grip
and to withstand the impact caused from the blade. The average time taken for
conventional machine is less than 2 minutes. The average time taken is dependent
upon the efficiency of the suction machine users. The average time taken to grate
coconut using G-wedge is approximately three minutes. The process takes longer
time due to strengthening process of the grip on the G-wedge. The use of G-wedge
is also hard as the person need to balance the coconut position before
strengthening the G-wedge grip. The average time taken of Coconut gripper 2 is 2
minutes 30 seconds. In conclusion, this tool is expected to make it easier for the
user as well as the safety factor can be improved.
42
POSTER PRESENTATION
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
PP 1
Association between Air Pollution and Respiratory Mortality in

Selangor, Malaysia
Nurul Afzan Aminuddin1, Rozita Hod1, Mazrura Sahani2
2Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Every 1 in 9 deaths in the world were due to air pollution thus rendering air
pollution as one of the major public health threats. Air pollution has negative
impact on respiratory health. The air pollution in Malaysia comes mainly from land
transportation, industrial emissions, and open burning sources. This ecological
study investigated the relationship between monthly air pollution and respiratory
mortality in Selangor between years 2010-2015. The associations between monthly
respiratory mortality and air pollution were calculated. Air pollution are defined as
particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm, nitrogen dioxide,
carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and ozone. Monthly data on air pollution,
mortality, and weather condition were collected from Department of Environment
(DOE). Data on monthly mortality are collected from Department of Statistic
Malaysia (DOS) by using ICD-10 classification diseases of the respiratory system.
The data were analyze with SPSS Version 21.0 and statistical tests such as
Pearson/Spearmen correlation, simple linear regression and multiple regression
were performed. The results showed that sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) are
significantly associated with number of respiratory mortality in bivariate analysis.
SO2 correlation coefficient with respiratory mortality (r): -0.339, coefficient
determination (r2): 0.11 with p-value: 0.004. O3 correlation coefficient with
respiratory mortality (r): -0.254, coefficient determination (r2):0.065, p-value:
0.032. However, in multivariate analysis only SO2 was found to have significant
association with respiratory mortality with regression coefficient β: -254.899(p-
value: 0.018). As a conclusion, sulphur dioxide is associated with respiratory
mortality in Selangor, Malaysia. Others air pollutant such as particulate matter,
carbon monoxide, ground level ozone and nitrogen dioxide were not statistically
significant associated with respiratory mortality.
43
PP 2
A Systematic Review of Bauxite Mining on Malaysia: When Good

Governance is Least Value
Abdul Aziz Harith, Sharifah Ain Shameera Syed Rusli, Faiz Daud
Bauxite mining in Kuantan, Malaysia had caused disruption in the surrounding

ecology, causing environmental pollutions and negative health impacts. This
systematic review focussed on identifying specific impacts of mining industry on
economic, governance, environmental pollution and health status of local
community. A systematic search of articles published between January 2013 and
January 2018 was conducted via six search engine (Scopus, Ovid Medline, PubMed,
Google Scholar, Science Direct and Ebscohost). Articles were sorted using PRISMA
flow. There were 19 studies identified, which met the criteria included in the
review. Bauxite mining had caused severe air pollution, water pollution, soil
erosion and health impact. Uncontrolled pollutions were due to bad governance
and greed of ‘hidden hand’ despite of minimal contribution to local council income
compared to actual trading of bauxite. This review revealed poor governance
practice as major predictors for severe impact of uncontrolled bauxite mining in
Kuantan. The knowledge opens for intervention and prevention by respective
authorities to be concern regarding proper planning, discussion and improved
coordination via top-down and bottom-up level for further formulation. Stringent
and strong policy governance are required by the state government. Respective
authorities should be held responsible for turning a blind eye on the poor impact of
uninhibited bauxite mining activities.
44
PP 3
Cardio-Toxicological Studies Conducted at UKM in the Past Five

Years
Mohd. Hasni bin Jaafar
Environmental Health unit at Department of Community Health UKM is one of most

prolific centre in doing clinical toxicological studies in this country. The
researchers are led by a toxicologist registered with the American Society of
Toxicology. Various studies were conducted and published in seminars and
journals. The UKM eRepository system and research works by students were used
to retrieve the database. A study among the adults in Tanjung Karang found about
49% of them has abnormal resting ECG. Prolonged QTc (33%) was the most common
changes followed with abnormal T wave axis (27%), and prolonged QRS (3%).
Another similar study found that prolonged QTc was associated with older age
(adjOR=1.12; 95%CI = 1.03 – 1.22), female (adjOR=2.95; 95%CI = 1.58 – 5.50),
obesity (adjOR=2.75; 95%CI = 1.23 – 6.16), and bigger waist circumference
(adjOR=1.06; 95%CI = 1.02 – 1.09). Meanwhile, the prolonged QRS wave was related
to older age (adjOR=1.12; 95%CI = 1.03 – 1.22) only. Next related study found the
evidence of serum zinc as a protective towards cardiotoxicity particularly
prolonged QTc interval. The study also revealed that the abnormal ECG was also
related to low education and current active smoker status. Those with
hypertension, diabetes mellitus and a history of recent stress showed abnormal
resting ECG too. In addition, another study found about 52.8% of the respondents
has an abnormal P wave. And lower blood lead of 2.9 µg/L showed a significant
influence on the prolongation of the P wave. Another recent study found a
significant low blood lead of 3.1 µg/L with the occurrence of myocardial
infarction. Nickel is another heavy metal that showed evidence of cardiotoxicity
(p=0.022) through its ECG changes. Malaysia citizen are exposed to an existent risk
of cardiotoxicity due to various factors like metabolic disorders and heavy metals
particularly lead.
45
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
PP 4
A Study on Knee Pain among Oil Palm Harvesters and Its Associated
Risk Factors in Jerantut, Pahang
Muhammad Zafri Zainuddin, Rozita Hod, Hanizah Mohd Yusoff, Azmawati Mohd Nawi
Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most reported cases among oil palm
harvesters. Tasks which involve manual handlings such as lifting, lowering,
carrying, pulling, pushing and awkward posture are some of the risk factors which
may lead to musculoskeletal disorders especially in oil palm plantation. Knee pain
is one of the common cases reported among oil palm harvesters besides lower back
pain. This cross-sectional study involved a total of 97 oil palm harvesters at Pusat
Penyelidikan Pertanian Tun Razak in Jerantut, Pahang and was conducted from
November 2017 until December 2017. This study was conducted to determine the
prevalence of knee pain and the associated risk factors which include
sociodemographic and work-related factors. A general questionnaire which was
adopted from Ng (2015) was used to collect socio-demographic background data
while Modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire which has been converted
into the Indonesian language was used to determine the prevalence of knee pain
among the respondents. Of the 97 respondents, 21.6% of them had knee pain in the
last 12 months. Chi-Square test has been used to determine any significant
association among the risk factors. The Chi-Square test showed that all factors had
no significant association except for the respondents who have had previous knee
injuries (χ2=7.39; p=0.045). Improvements from the employer and employee
awareness are needed to prevent or reduce the incidence of knee pain amongst oil
palm harvesters. Nevertheless, continuous research along with the comprehensive
surveillance program is needed in order to determine the urgency or demand of
appropriate intervention in the near future.
46
PP 5
How Effective is the Community Medicine Posting to Cultivate

Teamwork, Leadership and Professionalism among Medical Students
in Universiti Putra Malaysia? : Enhancing Best Practice of Future
Doctors
Minhat HS1, Hazwan MD2, Rafidah Hod3, Suhainizam MS1
1Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
2Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia
3Medical Education Research and Innovation Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra
Malaysia
Community medicine is a compulsory posting in any medical degree program in

Malaysia, aiming to expose the students on the health services provided in the
rural areas, roles of the District Health Officer and experience to plan and conduct
a community based health intervention program. This study aimed to assess the
effectiveness of the Community Medicine Posting in instilling and cultivating
teamwork, leadership and professionalism values among the year four medical
students in Universiti Putra Malaysia. A pre and post-test quasi experimental study
was conducted among all year four medical students who undergone the
community medicine posting for a duration of 6 weeks. A total of 107 of medical
students were involved in this study with mean age of 22.64 ± 0.63 years old. The
mean score for professionalism and leadership were significantly (p<0.001)
increased following the posting, with leadership had the highest mean difference
of 10.12. As a conclusion, the study revealed that the Community Medicine Posting
is proven to be significantly effective to instill and cultivate leadership and
professionalism values among the medical students, which are two very important
aspects in their future medical profession.
47
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND STATISTICS
PP 6
Screening for Lung Cancer Using Low Dose Computed Tomography:

A Systematic Review
Roza Sarimin, Ku Nurhasni Ku Abd Rahim, Balqis Abdul Ghani, Junainah Sabirin
Health Technology Assessment Section, Medical Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia
Incidence and mortality due to lung cancer is alarming both worldwide and in
Malaysia. Lung cancer is anticipated to remain as a major public health problem
for decades as 22.8% Malaysians aged 15 years or older were smokers in 2015. High
risk group for lung cancer is defined in Malaysia as current or ex-smoker between
50 to 70 years old, with a smoking history of 30 pack-years; or 20 pack-years with
one additional risk factor (radon exposure, occupational exposure, cancer history,
family history of lung cancer, or chronic lung disease). Earlier screening using
chest x-ray with or without sputum cytology demonstrated no mortality benefit.
The advent of low dose computed tomography (LDCT), said to be more sensitive
imaging modality created further enthusiasm for lung cancer screening. Therefore,
this review was conducted to evaluate whether, it would be effective, safe and
cost-effective to use LDCT for lung cancer screening among high risk group in
Malaysia. Electronic databases were searched including PubMed, Medline, EBM
Reviews - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Health Technology
Assessment, Cochrane Database of Controlled Trial, National Horizon Scanning, and
other websites; INAHTA, ARSENIP-S, CADTH, FDA and MHRA for published reports
up to 1st Quarter 2017. Literatures were critically appraised using Critical
Appraisal Skills Programme checklist, effectiveness evidences follow the
US/Canadian Preventive Services Task Force Level of Evidence (2001) grading.Data
shows that the share of overall expenditures attributed to outpatient services in
health clinic Taiping was significantly higher (RM 14,000,000.00-RM 16,000,000.00)
compared to other health clinics. The lowest expenditure for OPD service was
recorded in health clinic Jeruas (< RM 2, 000,000.00). This pattern was observed
across the number of OPD visits. However, the numbers for MCH expenditures have
greater variation in unit costs per visits. These show that the number of MCH visits
do not alter the spending pattern as observe in OPD. Information on unit costs
obtained from this study can be used as a benchmark to calculate reimbursement
rates requested by the Ministry of Health (MOH) from insurance companies whose
enrolees use public services. Similarly, in its role as funder of services, the MOH
can use costing information to set payment rates for private providers and to tie
those payments to performance indicators for health services.
48
PP 7
Benefit of Colorectal Cancer Genetic Testing: A Systematic Review

Abdul Rahman Ramdzan, Faizal Madrim, Azimatun Noor Aizuddin, Mohd Rizal Abdul Manaf
Colorectal cancer is the third and second most common cancer, respectively, in
men and women worldwide and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality.
Mortality due to colorectal cancer is increasing, and it is the fourth leading cause
of cancer death in the world. As colorectal cancer is related to inherited cancer,
there is a new method of screening which is genetic testing. Genetic testing looks
for mutations in a person’s chromosomes, genes or proteins. Due to the scarcity of
study in genetic testing screening to clarify the effect of detecting early colorectal
cancer, hence this study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the benefit of
genetic testing for colorectal cancer. PUBMED and Scopus were searched for the
period 2012- 2017. Studies were eligible if published in a peer-reviewed journal in
English, included the adult with a family history of colorectal cancer who
underwent genetic testing and had either a randomized controlled trial or
prospective design. As there was considerable heterogeneity in populations and
measures, results were summarised rather than subjected to meta-analysis.
Overall, genetic testing appears to produce benefits and effective in colorectal
cancer detection. Genetic testing will inform the patient or family members have
an increased risk of developing a condition later in life. The results can provide a
sense of relief from uncertainty and help people make informed decisions about
managing their health care. To date, the data on benefit & effectiveness after
genetic testing are reassuring. Although benefits of screening are likely to
outweigh harms for populations at high risk of colorectal cancer, more information
is needed about the harmful effects of screening, the community's responses to
screening and costs of screening for different healthcare systems before
widespread screening can be recommended.
49
PP 8
The Impact of Poor Sleep Quality on Quality of Life among Teaching

Profession in Selangor Malaysia
Nor Asma Musa1,2, Foong Ming Mo1,3, Li Ping Won1,2
1Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia
2JuliusCentre University of Malaya, Malaysia
3Kuala Langat Health District Office, Banting Selangor, Malaysia
Sleep quality is an important and essential factor that enhanced body and mind’s
ability to renew and refresh and maintaining physical, mental and emotional
health. Poor sleep quality has been shown to be associated with quality of life. The
purpose of this study was to examine the impact of poor sleep quality on quality of
life among secondary school teachers in Selangor, Malaysia.The sample consisted
of 1871 Malaysian secondary school teachers. The questionnaires were self-
administered. Quality of life and other relevant characteristics to sleep were
collected. We use the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to measure sleep
quality, and SF12 version 2 of social health to measure the quality of life.
Univariate logistic regression was also undertaken, and, following that, the
variables with values of p < 0.05 and significant Odds Ratios (OR) were tested in a
multiple logistic regression model. General linear regression (GLM) were used to
examine the impact of poor sleep quality on physical dan mental component
summary score (PCS and MCS), on health-related quality of life (SF12). Total of
60.6% of the participants had poor sleep quality. Univariately, the quality of life,
in the mental component summary score (MCS), 58.7% of the participants had a
poor quality of life (MCS) and poor sleep quality, with the p-value of <0.05.
However, it is insignificant in multivariate analysis. The means MCS of those with
good sleep quality (52.20), was significantly higher than those with poor sleep
quality (47.84, p: 0.02). Our results suggest that poor sleep quality is prevalent
among teaching profession in Selangor, Malaysia. Both physical dan mental
component summary score (PCS and MCS), on health-related quality of life (SF12),
became lower with poor sleep quality compared to good sleep quality.
50
PP 9
Sickness and Income Loss in India: Evidence from National Data

Shyamkumar Sriram
University of South Carolina, USA
Acute illnesses have been known to contribute significantly to poverty due to lost
income, thereby stunting national economic growth. While the literature abounds
in studies assessing income loss due to chronic illness, income due to acute illness
remain understudied. This study aims to determine factors leading to income loss
resulting from acute illness in India. Methods: Data from the National Sample
Survey Organization (NSSO) Round 71 was obtained from the Ministry of Statistics
and Implementation of Government of India. National weights were used to
estimate relevant parameters. STATA version 14.1 was used to conduct a multiple
regression to identify the causes of income loss due to acute illnesses in India.
Among the 22,333 people studied, the average loss of income due to acute
ailments was INR 597.04 per person. The average numbers of days on restricted
activity were 3.12 days and 1.34 days confined to bed. About 9.48% people
(n=3,431) did not undergo previous recommended treatment based on medical
advice. The main reasons for not seeking early care were 59.05% did not consider
the ailment to be serious, no medical facility availability (8.31%), facility of
satisfactory quality was too expensive, involved long waiting time, or was not
available (6.35%, 3.12%, 3.06% respectively). Non-adherent patient incurred
INR771.28 (CI: 484.44 - 1058.12) higher income loss compared to patients who
were adherent to medical regimen. People, not hospitalized for acute illness faced
lower income losses of INR 512.36 (CI: -744.91 to -280.00) compared to people who
were hospitalized. Acute illnesses pose a substantial threat to household welfare in
India. Treatment non-compliance has to be reduced by taking adequate measures
such as regular follow-ups, involvement of family members, and health education.
Providing access to quality health care services with less waiting times is vital to
prevent loss of income.
51
PP 10
Incidence Rate of Tuberculosis in Malaysia, 2013 to 2015: A Socio-

Demographic Perspective
Tharmarajah N1, Sumarni MG1, Ahmad Faudzi Y1, Kee CC1, Nuur Hafizah MI1, Zatil Zahidah MS1, Wan Abdul
Hannan WI1, Syahmi Syafiq MZ1, Mohd Safrin B1, Cheong YL1, Asmah R2, Mohamed Naim AK3
1Institutefor Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Malaysia

2Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
3Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that there were 5.2 million,
pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) cases globally in 2014. The reported number of
tuberculosis cases in Malaysia also have been rising for the past 5 years as well.
The objective of this study is to describe the incidence rate of tuberculosis in
Malaysian population by socio-demographic variables from the years 2013 to 2015
respectively. Data from the Malaysian National Tuberculosis Information System
(My-TB) were analysed. My-TB system captures the cumulative yearly TB cases
from all public and private health facilities throughout Malaysia. In this study, My-
TB data was analysed according to gender, age groups, ethnicity, nationality,
education level and states in Malaysia. Age Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR) was
computed based on WHO standard population.The incidence rate of TB in Malaysia
was 81, 81 and 79 per 100000 adjusted population in year 2013, 2014 and 2015
respectively. The top 5 states in Malaysia with the highest incidence rate from
years 2013 to 2015 were Federal Territory Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory Labuan,
Sabah, Sarawak and Kelantan. All 3 years (2013 to 2015), higher incidence were
observed among males (vs. females) and among non-citizens (vs. Malaysian
citizens). The incidence of TB increased with age. The lowest incidence of TB was
noted among those who attained tertiary education. Incidence of TB have been an
upward trend in Malaysia, therefore effective screening need to be strengthened in
all health facilities in Malaysia with emphasis on male, urban, older age and poorly
educated populations.
52
PP 11
Factors Associated with Level of Glycemic Control among Type 2

Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Klinik Kesihatan Sungai Tengi Kanan
and Klinik Kesihatan Tanjung Karang, Kuala Selangor
Nurul Ain Abdullah1, Suriani Ismail1, Sazlina Shariff Ghazali1, Muhamad Hanafiah Juni1, Hayati Kadir @
Shahar1, Ahmad Shahrul Nizam Isha3, Noor Rafizah Aminah Aziz4
2Department of Family Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia
3Department of Management and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Petronas
4Kuala Selangor Health District Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia
Management of good glycaemic control is the key prevention of T2DM complication

and the first step is to determine the underlying factors of good glycaemic control.
The aim was to determine the factors associated with the level of glycaemic
control (HbA1c) among T2DM patient and the predictors of good glycaemic control
in two primary health clinic in Kuala Selangor. This cross-sectional study was
conducted among 200 T2DM patients in both clinics. Michigan Diabetes Knowledge
Test (MDKT), S-TOFHLA, adherence of treatment, Summary of Diabetes Self-care
Activity (SDSCA), Diabetic Quality of Life (DQoL) and International Physical Activity
Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used. Chi-square test, simple logistic regression and
multiple logistic regressions was used for result analysis. The response rate was
87.7%. T2DM duration, type of treatment, blood glucose monitoring, diabetes
quality of life (Worry) and BMI was found to be associated with level of glycaemic
control (p<0.05).The probability of respondents diagnosed with T2DM less than 10
years was two times more likely to have good glycaemic control (AOR=2.458, 95%
of CI=1.504-14.282, p=0.050). The odds of having good glycaemic control higher
with increasing frequency of blood glucose monitoring (AOR=1.341, 95% of
CI=1.041-1.727, p-value=0.023). This study determined factors associated with the
level of glycaemic control and the predictors of good glycaemic control. The
findings showed that the duration of diagnosed with T2DM, type of treatment
obtained, blood glucose monitoring, Worry and BMI was associated with the level
of glycaemic control. Duration of diagnosed with T2DM lower than 10 years and
blood glucose monitoring was found to be the predictors of good glycaemic
control. The findings of this study can be used to develop more intervention
towards T2DM patient in the rural area.
53
PP 12
Factor Associated with Glycaemic Control among Type 2 Diabetes

Mellitus Patients, Attending Health Clinics in Tampin District, Negeri
Sembilan, Malaysia
Wan Farzana Fasya Wan Hamdzan1, Haji Muhamad Hanafiah Juni1, Salmiah Md Said1, Zairina A. Rahman2,
Mohd Dzulkhairi Mohd Rani2
2Department of Community Health, USIM
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has become one of the most serious global health
problems recently. The Malaysian National Diabetes Registry has reported that
76.2% of the population have poor glycaemic control (HbA1c ≥6.5%). The objective
of this study is to determine the association between sociodemographic and
medical profiles with glycaemic control among T2DM patients in five health clinics
in the Tampin district. A cross sectional study was conducted in five health clinics
in the Tampin district, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. A Total of 324 patients with
T2DM participated in this study. A face-to face interview was conducted with each
respondent using validated questionnaire. Descriptive analyses, such as the chi
square test, were performed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences
version 22 software. The response rate was 90%. The percentage of poor glycaemic
control was 66.4%. They were associated with age (χ²=10.405, p 0.006), marital
status (χ²=5.718, p 0.017), and education status (χ²=7.312, p 0.026). In addition,
types of medication intake (χ²=18.058, p=<0.001), family history (χ²=7.234, p
0.007), and co-morbidities (χ²=5.718, p 0.017) are also associated with the
percentage. The majority of the respondents of this study had poor glycaemic
control. The factors that contribute to the poor glycaemic control are among
respondents who are: of older age (≥65 years);
single/widowed/separated/divorced; of non-formal education; on insulin alone /
combination of oral agent and insulin; no family history; and do not experience co-
morbidities. For the future wellbeing of all T2DM, a good glycaemic control is
important. Therefore, plans with appropriate significance on early preventive
measures to diabetic treatment need to be strengthened in order to boost quality
of life among T2DM.
54
PP 13
Mosquito Ovitrap App (MOSOVI) for Mosquito Research and

Surveillance
Mohd Khairuddin Che Ibrahim1, Rosilawati Rasli2, Mohd Zainuldin Taib1, Cheong Yoon Ling2, Mohd Izral Yahya
Umpong3, Futri Farahininajua2, Nabilah Rosney2, Nazni Wasi Ahmad2, Lee Han Lim2
1Unit of Information Technology, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur

2Unit of Medical Entomology, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur
3Unit of Medical Photography & Audio Visual, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur
Dengue is endemic in Malaysia and is a major public health concern. The continued
absence of an effective tetravalent vaccine and specific treatment necessitate
vector control as the sole option to control dengue. Effective monitoring of vector
population is an integral component of a dengue control programme. Deployment
of ovitraps, dark containers with water that mimic breeding site for mosquitoes, in
a locality is one of the ways to monitor the density and distribution of dengue
vector mosquitoes. The entomological researcher and vector control team both
need the mosquito density, expressed as Ovitrap Index, to understand the vector
density in a locality. Current method of obtaining the OI is slow and inefficient due
to the delay in integrating the field ovitrap data to lab result. To reduce such
delay, we propose a mobile app to manage the ovitrap data and species
identification activities. MosOvi App, a hybrid mobile application, is developed on
leveraging free and open source Apache Cordova platform using HTML5 and
Javascript language. This App is supported with the mobile devices with minimum
Android version 4.0. A MosOvi App is developed. The App enables user to set the
name of study site and number of ovitraps. In the field, user records the
description and GPS coordinates for every ovitrap. After four to seven days, user
collects the ovitraps with reference to the map or description of each ovitrap and
records the missing ovitraps. In the lab, user identifies and records the number of
mosquito larvae by species. The App generates the OI and density of species. The
MosOvi App provides a user-friendly interface, easy capturing of coordinates and
description and minimal human error. We anticipate that this App could speed up
the decision making process of the researchers and vector control team with
regards to dengue control activities in the locality concerned.
55
PP 14
Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Risk Factors

among Women in Malaysia
Hasimah Ismail, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani, Tania Gayle Robert, Tee Guat Hiong,
Halizah Mat Rifin, Nur Liana AB Majid, Thamil Arasu Saminathan, Lim Kuang Kuay
Institute for Public Health, Malaysia
The prevalence of diabetes is swiftly rising over the globe. It now affects more
than 250 million people worldwide and is expected to affect over 380 million by
2025. Some individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) do not realize that they have a
disease that threatens their health and wellbeing. The objective of this study to
determine the national prevalence of DM and its associated risk factors among
women in Malaysia. A sub-analysis study of the National Health Morbidity Survey
(NHMS) 2015 was conducted among 10,453 women respondents in Malaysia. Data
were obtained from respondents aged 18 years and above via face-to-face
interviews using pre-tested and validated questionnaires. In this study respondents
who claimed that they were not having diabetes were asked to undergo a finger-
prick test. A respondent was classified as having diabetes when their fasting
capillary blood glucose (FBG) was ≥6.1 mmol/L (or non-fasting blood glucose of
≥11.1 mmol/L). The prevalence of DM among women was 18.3% (n=10,453). The
highest prevalence of women with DM was among 60 years and above (39.8%), rural
residents (19.0%), Indians (30.6%), those with no formal educational (31.9%),
widow/widower/divorcee (29.9%), not working (22.9%), inactive (19.7%), obese
(28.6%), hypertensive (36.2%) and those with high cholesterol (25.0%).
Multivariable analyses revealed that age group, ethnicity, education level, marital
status, obesity, hypertension and cholesterol were associated with DM. This study
found that Malaysian women had a high prevalence of DM. Established risk factors
like age, obesity, cholesterol and hypertension were associated with DM. Screening
is crucial to detect early signs of diabetes especially among adults aged 40 years
and above. Health education and behavioural interventions such as increasing
physical activity and practicing healthy dietary changes should be integrated in the
management of DM.
56
PP 15
A Case Study of Social Networking Site: Friendster vs Facebook

Nur Adibah MS, Mohd Fadhli MF, Nur Ashiqin AR, Wan Rosmawati WI, Renuga Devi K, Zuraidah Z
In era of millennium technology, world have experienced many advancements

happened ever since internet was made public. The evolution of social media
started in 1969 to extensive phase in 2013. This is because social media is one of
the most brilliant social interaction interface the technology world has ever
invented. Social media is also a new platform for connecting people and businesses
all around the world. Therefore, many types of social media were initiated;
however, many became a history and only few managed to continue sustaining in
the competitive technology world. A good example is Friendster and Facebook. A
case study has been carried out to analyse the strength, weaknesses, threat and
opportunity (SWOT) of both social interactive media which cause them to rise and
fall in the market. Friendster was launched in 2002 to provide opportunities for
people to make new friends and to stay in touch with old ones. It allowed users to
communicates with other members, discover new events and brands, share media
and online content, and to find new hobbies. At the beginning it had more than
10million registered users. But lost its fame in USA and Southeast Asia after
turning down Google’s offer to acquire it and weaker bond connecting users.
Lather was bought by the Malaysian company transformed it from social
networking site to social gaming platform. Unfortunately, in 2015 services of
Friendster and its website was closed. Facebook started in 2004 and boomed with
more than a billion users and more than $19 billion stock market in 2012. In the
lifecycle of social networking sites, Facebook is currently still at its maturity stage.
Facebook rises when the time of smartphones and mobile internet services were
globally utilised. In order to delay the momentum of declining, many innovative
strategies have been implemented such as acquisition where many successful
companies, example Instagram, were bought by Facebook. Nevertheless, Facebook
also has a weak point on user privacy concern which poses a huge threat to the
business. This weakness must be overcome to prevent the abandonment of
Facebook in the future. In conclusion, business management strategy is very
crucial to ensure the business sustainability to keep adapting changes and fit to
current trend. Hence, proper strategic planning and management will enhance a
popularity and continuity of any business organisation.
57
PP 16
Factors Associated with Utilization of Tuberculosis Health Services

in Primary Healthcare Perbaungan North Sumatera Indonesia
Aniza Ismail1, Zulfendri2, Nurcholisah Fitra1
2Department of Administration and Health Policy, Faculty of Public Health, University of North Sumatera
Currently, Indonesia is the country with the third largest TB cases in the world
after China and India. WHO estimates that Indonesia had every year 539.000 new
cases of TB occur with the death of around 101,000 people. One of the regency in
North Sumatera province, Indonesia is Serdang Bedagai which is Perbaungan
district based on the latest data tuberculosis center 2016 – 2017 explain that for
tuberculosis patients who have had a positive smear don't use health services as
well as treatment standards that have been set in primary health care. The aim of
this study was to measure the prevalence of utilization and the determine factors
related to utilization of Tuberculosis health services in primary health care in
Perbaungan, North Sumatera, Indonesia. This is a cross-sectional study conducted
among TB patients in Perbaungan, North Sumatera using Proportionate stratified
random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used to elicit
respondents’ factors associated with utilization of health services in primary
health care. Chi square test was then used to measure the associations. The
inclusion criteria were respondents must be permanent residents of the area, age >
20 and < 70 years old whether male and female. A total of 198 respondents (40%)
of TB patients had low utilization. About 60.0% of the respondents, the highest
level of education was primary education and unemployed. There was a significant
association between low utilization and education, occupation status, knowledge,
attitude and practice. Nearly half of respondents have low utilization of
tuberculosis primary health care. Health-related knowledge, attitude, practice,
stigma on TB, accessibility to healthcare and socio-demographic factors were
important predictors of low utilization. Health Office needs more concerned and
attention on the said factors in order to reduce prevalence of TB in Indonesia.
58
PP 17
A Systematic Review on Associating Factors that Influence Cervical

Cancer Screening among Immigrant Women
Syafiq Taib, Norzaher Ismail, Siti Nor Mat, Shamsul Azhar Shah
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most frequently occur cancers among female
population around the world and thus a significant public health problem. Human
papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections
(STI) in both men and women globally and more than 100 HPV types are known.
Persistent infection with high-risk HPV types is the most important risk factor for
CC. Low cervical cancer screening participation among immigrant women due to
screening inaccessibility of healthcare services, ineffectiveness, unaffordable
medical treatments and lack of awareness of screening. The objective of this study
is to systematically identify factors that influence the cervical cancer screening
among immigrant women. A systematic literature search was conducted to
examine published studies on associating factors that Influence cervical cancer
screening among immigrant women. Two independent researchers searched
through Google scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE and Science Direct databases. A total of
11 eligible study papers were included for final analysis. Factors that influence the
immigrant women to undergo cervical cancer screening services: literacy in local
language (OR: 4.04, 95%CI: 1.76-9.23), married (OR: 2.50, 95%CI: 1.32-4.73),
knowledge (OR: 1.19, 95%CI: 1.09-1.29). As for barriers: living in rural area (OR:
1.96, 95%CI: 1.11-3.46), discrimination (OR: 2.19, 95%CI: 1.16-4.14) and
unemployment (OR: 0.56, 95%CI: 0.36-0.87). Effective interventions and program
are required to tackle immigrant women in order to prevent late stage cervical
cancer cases. Early prevention strategy and any suspicious screen-detected lesion
or cytological result can be easily channelled to appropriate diagnosis and
treatment.
59
PP 18
Reduction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Occurance Over 15

Years. Follow-Up of Hepatitis B Vaccination Program: A Systematic
Review
Siti Nor Mat, Norzaher Ismail, Syafiq Taib, Shamsul Azhar Shah
Neonatal Hepatitis B vaccination has been implemented worldwide to prevent

hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections which the major cause of Hepatocellular
Carcinoma (HCC). Our objective is to systematically collect and summarize the
available evidence on the effectiveness of Hep B vaccination program in
successfully decrease the rate of HCC in young and adulthood.A systematic
literature search was conducted involving studies published from January 2002 to
November 2017. The studies were identified by searching electronic resources
(PubMed/MEDLINE, google scholar and ScienceDirect) and manual searches of
references. Study setting was focused on HCC occurrence among Hep B vaccinate
and unvaccinated birth cohort. Final studies result and data were reviewed by two
independent authors. Disagreement was resolved through discussion and
consensus. The quality of study methodology was graded using qualitative
assessment tool for quantitative study by Effective Public Health Practice Project
(EPHPP).11 studies were included in final discussion with more than 15 years of
study follow- up. It involves huge number of study population. Majority of the
studies have strong to moderate quality of evidence and only 2 (18%) had weak
quality research. Based on period effect of the national vaccination program, 7
studies (64%) showed a significant reduction of liver cancer mortality rate {1991-
1994 (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.70-1.13) vs 2002-2006 (RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.21 ~ 0.44)}. The
incidence of HCC also declining trend before vaccine: 0.54 per 100,000 children vs
after vaccine: 0.20 in 100,000 children with Risk Ratio of 0.36.Hep B vaccination
provides strong evidence and has proven to be good at preventing HCC both in
children and young adults after three decades of immunization program initiation.
Therefore, continuous efforts to ensure the vaccination coverage, sustainability of
the program and collaboration are needed.
60
PP 19
Prevalence of Malaria and Its Determinant in Sabah

Abdul Rahman Ramdzan, Aniza Ismail
Malaria is one of the common vector-borne disease occurred in the world and the
growing incidence especially in Sabah that make urge need to know its
determinants. This study aims to determine the prevalence of malaria in Sabah and
its association with socio-demographic factors and geographical distribution. Study
design: Cross-sectional study. Data was derived from public health clinics in Sabah
thru malaria screening program between January and August 2016. This data was
collected by interview-guided questionnaire and blood film malaria parasite. SPSS
version 21.0 was used to analyze the relationship between socio-demographic and
geographical factors with malaria infection. From 1240 patients with fever, 428 of
them were confirmed of having malaria infection demonstrating prevalence of
34.5%. P. Knowlesi infection was the highest in Sabah [340 (79.5%)] as compared to
other species and most of the infections were indigenous [410 (95.8%)]. The
bivariate analysis indicated that gender, ethnicity, occupation and geographical
distribution were found to be associated with malaria infection. The multiple
logistic regression analysis indicates that being male (AOR 47.924, CI: 23.960-
95.857) and being people in rural area (AOR 212.638, CI: 105.837-427.211) were
significantly important determinants of having malaria infection. The fit of model
was tested with Hosmer – Lemeshow test, p = 0.093 (>0.05) and the overall
correctly classified percentage was 94.2% (>70%). This study demonstrated that the
prevalence of malaria in Sabah is high and P. knowlesi is the commonest type of
protozoa with distinct associations with several socio-demographic and
geographical factors. Thus, further research on the simian malaria followed with
detailed groundwork on the associated factors need to be conducted to bring down
the prevalence of malaria in Sabah. Collaboration among multisector agencies is a
must.
61
PP 20
Alcohol Consumption among Adolescents in Malaysia: A Comparison

between the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2012 and 2017
Tania Gayle Robert, Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani, Jane Ling Miaw Yn, Hasimah Ismail
Institute for Public Health, Malaysia
Alcohol is a psychoactive substance which has properties that cause dependence.

However, drinking alcohol is largely viewed as a socialised behaviour which makes
it attractive to adolescents. Adolescents, who begin drinking alcohol before the
age of 15, become addicted to alcohol more rapidly than adults. This study was
aimed to compare the prevalence of current alcohol drinkers and drunkenness
among adolescents in the year 2012 and 2017. Data was obtained from two
national surveys of two different years; the National Health and Morbidity Survey
(NHMS) 2012 and 2017 with a total of 25,507 and 27,497 respondents respectively.
Both studies employed a cross-sectional study design targeting school-going
adolescents in Malaysia aged between 13 to 17 years. A two stage stratified cluster
sampling was employed. The study instrument used was a validated self-
administered questionnaire for both surveys. Descriptive analysis was used to
compare the prevalence of current alcohol drinkers and drunkenness among the
adolescents from both years. We found that there was an increase in prevalence of
current alcohol drinkers from the year 2012 to 2017 (8.9% (95% CI: 7.81, 10.07) to
10.2% (95% CI: 9.00, 11.60)). A similar trend was found by gender, whereby the
prevalence of male alcohol drinkers increased by 1.6% while the prevalence of
female alcohol drinkers increased by 1.2% over the 5 year period. The prevalence
of drunkenness was almost the same in 2012 and 2017 (6.3% (95% CI: 5.55, 7.24)
and 6.1% (95% CI: 5.30, 7.11) respectively). The use of alcohol among adolescents
is known to cause many negative outcomes to them. Therefore, stringent
regulation restricting the availability of alcoholic beverages to adolescents should
be enforced. Parents should also play an important role in preventing the exposure
of alcoholic beverages to their young children.
62
PP 21
The Intervention of Dyslexia Health Education Program for

Preschool Teachers: Pre-Intervention
I.B. Idris1, Shalinawati R1, 2, Khairani O3, Harun D4, Shahlan S5
1Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
2Facultyof Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
4Occupational Therapy Programme, School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia
5Department of Teaching and Learning Innovation, Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Teachers need training on special programs regarding dyslexia in order to help

them identify students that are at risk of dyslexia. An intervention programme
using the Dyslexic Health Education Module (DHEM) was designed using four
elements in relation to dyslexia (i.e. general knowledge, treatments, symptoms
and mental health) to improve teachers’ general knowledge on dyslexia. A total of
40 preschool teachers from KEMAS Hulu Langat had been selected to participate in
this program for a duration of five weeks. Before intervention begins, a ‘Dyslexia
Belief Index’ questionnaire, which consisted of 30 items with four Likert scale
options was used to determine the teachers’ level of knowledge at baseline. The
findings revealed that mean score for each construct was below the criterion mean
score of point (80% from each construct). Analysed data obtained showed that the
mean score for the total of five construct was 17.40 (definition), 20.61
(characteristic), 10.77 (treatment), 21.06 (school environment) and 17.43 (impact
of disability) respectively. This indicate that majority of preschool teachers’ had a
low level of knowledge on dyslexia. In conclusion, teachers’ knowledge on dyslexia
needs to be improved with intervention programmes such as the DHEM that will
further be conducted during this research. Despite providing an extensive
knowledge on dyslexia, this module will also help to improve teachers’ awareness
on dyslexia at preschool level to ensure excellent academic achievements for
these students.
63
PP 22
Antimicrobial Resistance: Global to Local Interagency Dexterity

Lavanyah Sivaratnam, Wong Chin Mun, Rosnah Ismail, Noor Hassim Ismail
1Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
2Facultyof Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
4Occupational Therapy Programme, School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia
5Department of Teaching and Learning Innovation, Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Recent antimicrobial resistance (AMR) awakes various key players from different
agencies to orchestrate efforts from global to locally. This presentation aims to
demonstrate the roadmap of how various global to local interagency coordinate in
addressing the issue of AMR thus facilitate the communication. Based on the
Malaysian Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (MyAP-AMR) 2017-2021, content
analysis was utilized on the working document to develop the Interagency
Coordination on Antimicrobial Resistance. Using the One Health System Mapping,
the framework was mapped into categories of task, communication, decision and
meetings of various agencies. Each category is colour coded and are of different
shapes. Movement of data/information shows the bidirectional flow of
communication between agencies and the whole framework is documented in an
Excel sheet. Dexterity of global to local interagency is displayed in the form of
graphical illustration. It was focusing on the flow of communication, actions to be
taken and bidirectional sharing of data among various agencies guided by expert
network and planning tools. The global to local framework of initiatives to address
antimicrobial resistance was simplified visually. This IAC mapping can be a useful
tool for the public health specialist to ally with others to combat AMR issues at
Malaysian setting.
64
PP 23
Johor Experience in Handling Zika 2016

Loganathan Salvaraji
Public Health Division, Johor State Health Department
A year ago, on Feb 1, 2016, WHO declared the Zika virus epidemic a public health
emergency which has been linked to birth defects and neurological complications.
Johor address the seriousness of the outbreak and gives the countries a new tools
to fight it. The objective of this study is to illustrate intensive plan of action
outlined by Johor State Health office to hinder transportation of Zika virus into the
country during the period of 2016. Description and evaluation of tools and
activities that implemented conjointly with relevant authorities for intensive
vector control and prevention measures. Plan of action focused on two major
intensive strategies which is source reduction for breeding and community health
education. Source reduction steps are as following Search and Destroy (SnD), SnD
with or without Larvaciding at tourist spots, Enforcement on individual premise,
Enforcement at construction site, Outdoor Residual Spray, Ultra Low Volume Bti,
Larvaciding and Abate distribution. Health education primarily provided to
vulnerable group such as pregnant ladies and travellers to Zika affected countries.
New prevention tools is essential for managing emerging and remerging diseases
like Zika and further interventional strategies to hinder entry of infectious diseases
to our country.
65
HEALTH MANAGEMENT
PP 24
Healthcare Spending: How Much Health Clinics Costs?

Hafidza Baharum, Amir Rassip, Mohd Fairuz Abdul Razak, Ajay Mahal, Nor Izzah Ahmad Shauki
Institut Pengurusan Kesihatan Wilayah Persekutuan
With the rising costs of healthcare over the last three decades, the government is
now facing an increasing pressure to restructure its healthcare system. The
estimation and evaluation on cost for the services provision is important since the
distribution of health care expenditures by type of service is unclear. Therefore,
accurate information is necessary for organizational performance in terms of
monitoring and performance benchmarking. The analysis is intended to generate
cost estimation for two sets of services (cost per maternal and child health visit,
and cost per outpatient visit) provided by health clinics in Malaysia. Data were
collected in August 2015 and ended in January 2016. A stratified random sampling
was used to obtain 41 health clinics. The chosen health clinics were then
categorized depending on their geographical area, size, and types of services
provided. From 41 health clinics, 6 clinics under 2 PKDs were dropped due to
incomplete data. A total of 35 health clinics were included in this study.
Expenditure information on OPD and MCH cost per visit were obtained by using a
Top-Down method, whereas the total allocation cost is from AG report. Data shows
that the share of overall expenditures attributed to outpatient services in health
clinic Taiping was significantly higher (RM 14,000,000.00-RM 16,000,000.00)
compared to other health clinics. The lowest expenditure for OPD service was
recorded in health clinic Jeruas (< RM 2, 000,000.00). This pattern was observed
across the number of OPD visits. However, the numbers for MCH expenditures have
greater variation in unit costs per visits. These show that the number of MCH visits
do not alter the spending pattern as observe in OPD. Information on unit costs
obtained from this study can be used as a benchmark to calculate reimbursement
rates requested by the Ministry of Health (MOH) from insurance companies whose
enrollees use public services. Similarly, in its role as funder of services, the MOH
can use costing information to set payment rates for private providers and to tie
those payments to performance indicators for health services.
66
PP 25
Willingness to Pay for Healthcare Services among Hospital Canselor

Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM) Patients and Factors Influencing It
Azimatun Noor Aizuddin, Murni Azraniza Umar
With rapid development in Malaysia health care system, it is expected that health
care cost will increased in trend. However, the health care charges in Malaysia
remain unchanged for years. The main objective of the study was to identify the
willingness to pay (WTP) for health services charges increment among the patients
at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz and the factors influencing it. A cross-sectional
study was conducted among 130 respondents using guided survey interviews.
Respondents were asked for their WTP towards eight health services charges
increment. The results showed 76.9% of respondents WTP for outpatient follow up
treatment charges increment, 75.4% WTP for adult’s admission charges increment,
78.5% WTP for children admission charges increment, 63.8% WTP for children
inpatient treatment charges increment and 64.6% WTP for spontaneous vaginal
delivery (SVD) charges increment. Only 46.2% of respondents WTP for specialist
outpatient clinics registration fee increment, 39.2% WTP for adult’s inpatient
treatment charges increment and 47.7% WTP for lower segment caesarean section
(LSCS) charges increment. The study also showed that there was significant
relationship between sociodemographic factors, socioeconomic factors and
medical factors with most of the health care charges increment. As conclusion,
every hospital, HCTM in particular should consider these WTP relevant factors in
revising the existing health care services charges towards more accessible health
care especially for the needs.
67
PP 26
Barcode Medication Administration System - A Systematic Review on

Effectiveness, Safety and Cost-Effectiveness
Syaqirah Akmal, Junainah Sabirin
Health Technology Assessment Section, Medical Development Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia
There are various technologies which automate the stages of the medication use
process to reduce medication errors. Barcode medication administration system
(BCMA) typically includes barcode verification of medication for dispensing stage
and barcode medication administration for administering stage may be used to
reduce such errors. The objective of the systematic review was to determine
effectiveness, safety, cost-effectiveness of the barcode medication administration
system (BCMA) in reducing medication error. Major electronic databases were
searched including Medline, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed
and Embase. Search was also conducted through some official websites such as
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and INAHTA. The last search was
conducted on 20 April 2016. A total of 2720 titles were identified through the Ovid
interface, Pubmed and Embase. There were 29 articles included in this review:
one HTA report, 15 pre and post intervention studies, 11 cross sectional studies,
one cost-benefit analysis and one cost-consequences analysis. There was no
randomised controlled trial retrieved. The evidence suggested that the use of
barcode for medication dispensing as well as medication administration reduced
the risk of medication errors. While some studies demonstrated a statistically
significant reduction in medication administration errors after the implementation
of BCMA, the results were inconsistent and varied in the level of reduction. In
terms of the safety aspect of the BCMA, the incorrect use of BCMA and technology-
related errors may in turn, negate the benefits of BCMA systems altogether. The
implementation of BCMA in the hospitals was found to be effective, potentially
cost-saving for preventing harm and costs associated with medication errors.
However, the cost of implementing and operating BCMA were found to be rather
high.
68
PP 27
The Implementation of Hospital Information System (HIS) in Serdang

Hospital: An Overview
Huai Na Loo1, Mohd Syamir Mohamad Shukeri2, Faizah Muhamad Zin3, Azimatun Noor Aizuddin4, Noor Shariah
Ismal5
1Hospital Tuanku Jaafar Seremban, Malaysia

2InstitutKanser Negara
3Ministry of Health
5Hospital Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Since the year of 2000, Ministry of Health (MOH) Malaysia has embarked on the
Health Management Information System (HMIS). Serdang Hospital, which
commenced its operation in 2005, is a turnkey project with 620 beds and operates
on Total Hospital Information System (THIS) which integrates clinical,
administrative and financial management that allows seamless data flow between
these areas. The objectives of this study are: 1) to describe the implementation of
hospital information system (HIS) and its user perspective in Serdang Hospital, 2)
to analyse the functionality of the HIS available at Serdang Hospital, 3) to assess
the application and impact of HIS on the healthcare provider and user in Serdang
Hospital, and 4) to identify possible area of improvement and recommendations
that can enhance the user experience on the functionality and the feasibility of
the HIS in Serdang Hospital. Based on this study, HMIS in Serdang Hospital is well
adapted and accepted by the users (i.e. staff) due to the nature of the system
which is user friendly and easy to use. Serdang Hospital IT management team
managed to cope with the increasing demand (with limited resources available)
and maintain the expected quality of the healthcare services. HMIS seems to be
able to provide and to support the vision and mission of the MOH by ensuring the
timely and accurate health information not just for the patients but also to the
provider, and also to produce relevant information that can be used by health
system stakeholders for evidence-based decisions for the continuous improvement
of the healthcare system delivery. Further comprehensive study that involves
multiple healthcare facilities, however, is essential to be carried to further exhibit
various aspects of HMIS that can be used to improve the healthcare system delivery
in Malaysia.
69
PP 28
Provider’s Perspective on Issues and Challenges in Managing

Resources for Full Paying Patient (FPP) Services
Muhammad Nur Amir Abdul Rassip1, Pangie anak Bakit1, Nor Haniza Zakaria1, Noriah Bidin1, Nor Izzah Hj
Ahmad Shauki1, Mohd Anis Bin Haron@Harun2, Muhammad Yusof Sibert3
1Institutefor Health Management, Ministry of Health Malaysia

2Hospital Putrajaya, Malaysia
3Hospital Selayang, Malaysia
Full Paying Patient Services (FPP) in Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH) was
established as one of the specialist retention initiatives in 2007. Its
implementation is based on Garispanduan Pelaksanaan Perintah Fi (Perubatan)
Perkhidmatan Pesakit Bayar Penuh 2007 (Semakan 2015). It is a great challenge for
the FPP hospitals to manage their resources while serving the public as their
utmost priority and implementing FPP. This study aimed to explore the issues and
challenges pertaining to resources management in Full Paying Patient (FPP)
Services. This is a cross sectional study involving all health personnel that are
directly or indirectly responsible in implementing FPP services at hospital level
which include hospital directors, hospital deputy directors, specialists, supporting
staff and FPP committee. A purposive sampling approach was chosen to carry out
17 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and 12 In-depth Interviews (IDIs) with the
relevant stakeholders. The study was carried out between April and July 2017. The
FGDs and IDIs were recorded, transcribed and analysed using the thematic
framework. There are many issues and challenges pertaining to FPP services. One
of them is resource management. We have identified four subthemes namely
facility/wards, medical equipment, workforces as well as drugs and consumables.
The issues expressed by the respondents may not necessarily portray beneficial.
Nevertheless, all the praises and grouses were captured and translated in this
study. Resources management plays a crucial role in order to carry out a good and
purposeful FPP services in any hospital. FPP services do retain specialists to a
certain extent, however addressing and solving all the issues in FPP is important to
maintain the sustainability of the services.
70
PP 29
Health Promotion at Work Place: Does It Help?

Mona Lisa Md Rasip, Heng Pei Pei, Azra Abdul Aziz, Nur Izzati Tukiman, Yohan Sng Koon Kuan, Mohd Yusoff
Adon
Occupational Safety & Health Unit , Institute for Medical Research
Health is wealth. Being healthy is an asset of all mankind. What is hinder oneself
to be healthy is because of few matters such laziness, feeling not important, no
health conscious, workaholic and etc. Promoting physical exercise at work place
was a great challenge due to the static type of work which mainly involving office
and laboratory. The incidence level of obesity in Malaysia is 44 %. Medical
surveillance done annually to all office and laboratory IMR staff and the BMI result
was unsatisfactory (2017-40.3%, 16% obese, 28% overweight). Workplace health
promotion is to help staff in improving their health especially BMI status. The
objective of this study is to promote physical activities at work place and create
awareness among staff on the balance of health and work in order to improve the
BMI status. All staff (730) staffs form Institute for Medical Research (IMR) were
targeted regardless the job nature and level. All men and women aged from 25 to
59 years old were included except those who are pregnant or who is physically
disable. Implemented activities: Multiple recreational and sport facilities as well as
s health promotion posters and wall stickers were also put up to increase the
health awareness among staffs. Within office exercise method via email were also
initiated. Staff is given 30 minute morning walk, an hour of aerobic during lunch
time or after office hour by trained aerobic instructor. Primary Outcomes: To
develop consistent and habitual behaviour on being active with the correct
methods. Secondary outcomes: Improvement in health status, BMI, abdominal
circumference and blood profile. Immediate outcomes: Acquired knowledge and
attitudes or any adverse outcome reported, opportunity cost, changes in other risk
factor and any injuries.
71
PP 30
Systematic Review of Factors Influencing the Demand for Medical

and Health Insurance in Malaysia
Ellyana Mohamad Selamat, Siti Rasidah Abd Ghani, Nurcholisah Fitra, Faiz Daud
Medical and health insurance provides financial protection against the

consequences of the occurrence of health risks such as critical illness, accident
coverage, hospitalization and surgical procedure. National Health Insurance (NHI)
is a policy option to reduce the financial burden on the government with the aim
to provide Universal Financial Risk Protection that is for Universal Health Coverage
(UHC). Different perception leads to resistance to change as well as acceptance
level from Malaysians. It is fundamental to study on the reception and acceptance
of insurance scheme both for private personal health insurance as well as social
health insurance by the Malaysian population and to study the factors influencing
the demand for medical and health insurance. A systematic search was done for
articles published between year 2013 till 2018 from six major search engines on
the factors influencing the demand or willingness to pay of health insurance either
private or social health insurance or national health insurance among Malaysian
population. There were nine articles included in the final analysis. There were
three main theme namely personal factors, social factors and economic factors.
Personal factors were the most factors identified which accounted for 52% of all
the factors. Higher education level, younger age group and good knowledge were
associated with higher demand for health insurance. Higher household monthly
income and the cost to pay were among the positive significant economic
determinant factors for demand for medical insurance. The least contributing
factors influencing the demand of medical insurance was the social factors. In
conclusion, financial protection is achieved when direct payments on NHI is made
to obtain health services, hence not exposing people to financial hardship and
threaten their living standards. Education and promotion are important to
understand why such policies were introduced and how it intended to serve the
public before implementing major policies. These elements capture the essence of
‘health promotion’, which is about enabling people to take control over their
health and thereby improve their health.
72
PP 31
Full Paying Patient (FPP) Service in Pilot Hospitals: How Much

Difference between Revenue and Estimated Cost?
Hairusnizan Hamzah1, Hafidza Baharum1, Nursyahda Zakaria1, Malindawati Mohd Fadzil2, Sharifa Ezat Wan
Puteh3, Muhammad Nur Amir Abdul1, Ili Liyana Khairul Anuar1, Noriah Bidin1, Nor Izzah Ahmad Shauki1
1Institute
for Health Management
2Department of Medical Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia
The Full Paying Patient Service (FPP) was first introduced in Malaysia Ministry of
Health public hospitals in 2007 with Selayang and Putrajaya Hospital was chosen as
pilot hospitals. The main objective of FPP Service implementation is as a retention
package to help address attrition of senior MOH specialists to private hospitals, by
offering them competitive remunerations and also at same time can help in
reducing the government financial burden in subsidizing health to those who can
afford to pay fully. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the differences
between revenue and estimated cost expenditures of FPP Service in pilot hospitals
for 144 ICD-10 diagnosis codes from the O&G, Ophthalmology and Orthopaedic
departments from 2014 to 2016. This was a cross-sectional study looking at the
secondary data from April to June 2017 in the two pilot hospitals. The O&G,
Ophthalmology and Orthopaedic departments were selected based on highest FPP
Service patients’ utilization in both hospitals. Multistage sampling based on highest
frequency of ICD-10 diagnosis codes from each three departments for each
hospitals done which resulted in 180 ICD-10 diagnosis codes to be selected however
only 144 ICD-10 diagnosis codes were selected due to the availability of the
estimated costs expenditures for the ICD-10 diagnosis codes which using Casemix
costs (MY- DRG CGW 2014 (SOI Class 1)). The revenue generated for 144 ICD-10
diagnosis codes from FPP Service in year 2014 till 2016 in two pilot hospitals were
16-52 % less than estimated costs expenditures. As a conclusion, the revenue
generated from FPP Service was still below the cost expenditures borne by the
government. The Government still subsidizing about 16-52% those who can afford
to pay fully with the current FPP Service Fee.
73
PP 32
SWOT Analysis: Malaysia Airlines versus Airasia

Abdul Rahman Ramdzan, Muhammad Aklil Abd Rahim, Fadzrul Hafiz Johani, Mohd Shafik Abd Majid, Aznida
Mohd Zaki, Raudah Abd Rahman, Faiz Daud
Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan
Ever since scheduled air service was first established in 1914, the airline industry
has evolved tremendously over the past century. Airlines are making avail to
various strategies in order to remain relevant in the highly competitive airline
industry. Malaysia Airlines and AirAsia are two highly-respected airlines based in
Malaysia. Although both companies have considerable achievements in their
industry and each claims to be the better ambassador for representing Malaysia in
the global arena, their approach to organisational development and management
cannot be more contrasting. This difference is expected when considering the
background of each company, whereby Malaysia Airlines is the established,
conventional, and full-fare government-backed airline, whereas AirAsia is the new
player, innovative, and low-fare private airline. Both airlines have their strengths,
which are internal characteristics favourable to aid company growth. For instance,
Malaysia Airlines is known for the hospitality of its cabin crew, while AirAsia is
known for rewarding its staff for productivity, creating a sense of ownership and
acknowledging that each staff is important, evidenced by the moniker ‘Allstar’
conferred to all staff. However, Malaysia Airlines is currently dealing with poor
financial performance, while AirAsia’s internal weakness includes having staff
salary scheme which is lower than the international average. In terms of
externalizing factors, Malaysia Airlines, despite being a member the One World
Alliance had its reputation crumbling down the drain following the tragedies of
MH370 and MH17 in 2014. AirAsia does not fare much better too, with people
questioning the authenticity of the company’s ‘free seats’ campaigns and
dismissing it as mere advertising scam. In this review, SWOT analysis of both
Malaysia Airlines and AirAsia had been carried out, with emphasis on the
organisational developmental and management domains.
74
PP 33
Factors Contributing to Medico Legal Complaints in the State of

Negeri Sembilan, Johor and Sabah
Nurul Nadia Kamarul Nizam, Wan Mohd Harith Wan Mustapa, Ahmad Fareed A Rahman, Ahmad Razid Salleh
Medical Practise Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia
The number of complaints with medico legal elements has been on the rise in the
recent years. Although the ultimate aim with such complaint is to achieve conflict
resolution, it also presents an opportunity to improve the quality of healthcare
services and prevent the reoccurrence of the mishaps. This study aims to identify
the factors that contributed to medico legal complaints made against Ministry of
Health (MOH) facilities and suggest for remedial action to be taken to enhance the
MOH healthcare services. A retrospective and descriptive analysis of 140 medico
legal complaints reported to Medical Practice Division, MOH from year 2015 to
2017 involving 3 states of Negeri Sembilan, Johor and Sabah were analysed. The
factors contributed to the complaint were identified and categorized. The analysis
showed that 72.7% of the contributing factors are personnel related whereas 19.6%
are service related and 7.7% are facility related. The personnel related factors
identified are the personnel’s competency (29.4%), communication skills (31.0%)
and documentation issue (26.9%) with ethics and inadequate number of personnel
accounting for the remainder. In conclusion, medico legal events are
unpredictable. However, the remedial steps can be undertaken to reduce the
probability of it happening. This study revealed that the majority of the
contributing factors in medico legal complaints are personnel related while only a
small fraction are service or facility related. Therefore, development of healthcare
personnel in the aspects of knowledge, skill training, communication and
awareness is crucial to improve the quality of healthcare services. This in turn will
expectantly reduce the number of medico legal complaints in the future.
75
PP 34
Asthma Pharmaceutical Care Service to Promote Patients Safety:

Self-Assessment from the Indonesian Pharmacists
Aris Widayati, Putu Dyana Christasani
Department of Social, Behavioural and Administrative Pharmacy (SBA), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas
Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta
This research aims to assess service on asthma care delivered by pharmacists

through self-assessment questionnaire. This study was part of a bigger project
evaluating asthma care service delivered by pharmacists in Yogyakarta Indonesia.
An invitation letter requesting for participation was sent to 103 targeted
pharmacists who work at hospitals, primary health centre, and pharmacy. Data
were gathered using a self-administered questionnaire which contains 27 self-
assessment questions evaluating pharmacists’ service provided to their asthma
patients, which were structured based on the national guideline of asthma from
the Indonesia Ministry of Health. Participants were asked to self-reporting their
activities on asthma services using scores: 0 for no activity, 2 for seldom, 4 for
often, 6 for always. Data were analysed descriptively. Response rate was 92.2% (95
participants of 103 invitations). Five of the 95 participants did not answers the
self-assessment questionnaire completely, resulted in 90 data set for analysis.
About 42% of all participants were community pharmacists, 18% were hospital
pharmacists, 10% were primary health pharmacists, and 30% did not mention. The
highest to the lowest of score means of self-reporting pharmacist’ activities
related to asthma care are as follows: Providing good communication with asthma
patients (score mean: 3.4); Conducting prescription assessment (3.3); Delivering
asthma medication information (3.0); Attending a continuing education on asthma
(2.8); Monitoring asthma therapy (2.3); Delivering information on asthma disease
(2.2); Gathering information on asthma patient’s history (2.0); Documenting the
process (1.7); Providing information on side effects (0.6). Pharmaceutical care
intervention should be reformulated to improve patient’s safety.
76
FAMILY HEALTH
PP 35
Irrational Taboos and Irrelevant Traditions Related to Post-Partum,

Women’s Health and Well-Being
Diana Safraa Selimin, Lavanyah Sivaratnam, Wong Chin Mun, Faiz Daud
Variety taboos including food, religious and sexual taboos are being practiced
worldwide, including Malaysia. Most of the taboos during post-partum period are
related to post-partum physiological changes, emotional changes, and family
dynamic change. The aim of this systematic review is to find out the traditions and
taboos practised among post-partum mothers in Malaysia, purpose and the health
impacts of practising it. A systematic search on journals done in Malaysia has been
carried out using eight major databases, namely Scopus, Ovid Medline, Science
Direct, SAGE, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar and EBSCOhost. All
this journals are published from year 2013 until 2018 and assessed through PRISMA
checklist. Seven articles found to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, hence
were included in this review. Overall, Malaysians practiced certain post-partum
traditions including food taboos and behavioural restrictions for the main purpose
of maintaining mothers’ and baby’s well-being. Some of top food taboos like
preventing from taking gas-inducing, itch-inducing and cold foods are bad beliefs,
as the food in these categories are nutritious and are needed for daily nutrient
intake. Meanwhile, some of the practices in Malaysia are found to be irrelevant
and some are beneficial in terms of health impacts. Practices like abdominal
wraps, traditional massages are good for the physical recovery of post-partum
mother. Based on the review, there are pros and cons of practising taboos and
traditions during post-partum. Rationalization needed to weigh the practice
against maternal safety and health, thus healthcare personnel should be sensible
to the role of taboos and traditions in the post-partum care of patients. Traditions
and taboos practice should be monitored for safe practice, and there’s a need to
educate community to avoid any unwanted events due to practising it.
77
PP 36
Living with the Setan: Comprehensive Sexual Health Education in

the Prevention of Intra-Familial Child Sexual Abuse
Muhammad Alimin Mat Reffien, Norizah Ibrahim, Faiz Daud
With the increased rate of intra-familial child sexual abuse and other related social
problems nowadays, there were many solutions proposed on how to solve the
problems. One of the solutions was the implementation of comprehensive sexual
health education (CSHE) in schools. The objective of this study is to
systematically address the gap on the role and effectiveness of CSHE in the
prevention of intra-familial child sexual abuse. Systematic search was performed
for relevant articles from six search engines namely; PubMed, ESCohOSt, Science
direct, Sage Social Sciences and Humanities, Scopus and Ovid Medline using
specific keywords. Hand searching of key journals and secondary reference
searching of included articles were also conducted to identify potential studies.
Selected articles were reviewed by two persons and it was done in multiple stages.
Only those with titles and abstracts that met inclusion criteria were retrieved and
included for full text review. A thematic synthesis identified common themes
across studies. Eleven relevant publications were identified. The role and
effectiveness of CSHE are classified into four main themes: communication,
parental involvement, knowledge and attitude, behaviour of adolescents and CSHE
programmes. The current syllabus and methods of implementation, the role of
CSHE in the prevention of intra-familial child sexual abuse can be assumed to be
minimal and ineffective. Parental involvement is crucial in the implementation of
CSHE. Further research is required to explore relationships between exposure to
sexual health education programmes with healthy sexuality content, sexual
violence perpetration, sexual violence victimisation and attitudes toward sexual
violence.
78
PP 37
Towards Good Cyber Parenting - Exploring Stakeholders’ Views in

Understanding Parental Digital Security Practice in Malaysia
Muhd Zulfadli Hafiz Ismail1, Nik Daliana Nik Farid2, Rafdzah Ahmad Zaki2, Ramona Susanty Ab Hamid3, Elina
Abdul Mubin3, Edwan Mohammad Aidid3, Aida Tahir4
1Ministry of Health Malaysia

2Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya
3RaOutreach Department, CyberSecurity Malaysia
4Infovault Malaysia
Empowering parents on cyber parenting is essential in protecting children from

online threats. However, not much is known on the current digital security
practices Malaysian parents adopt and their knowledge on online threats. As part
of collaborative effort between the Department of Social and Preventive Medicine,
University of Malaya and CyberSecurity Malaysia, exploration of stakeholders’
understanding on parental digital security practice and their online threat
concerns were performed. This was conducted as part of a questionnaire
development process in producing Parental Digital Security Questionnaire in
Malaysian context. The exploration was done qualitatively between December 2017
to March 2018. An online survey was conducted, consisting of open ended
questions on parents’ digital security practices and their online threat concerns.
Online participants were obtained by convenient sampling. Additionally, using
purposive sampling, input was obtained, either through one-to-one discussion or
email correspondence from five experts related to cyber parenting. The field of
expertise of these five experts include cyber security, digital citizenship, public
health, and early education. Thematic analysis was performed. A total of 69
parents responded online. Based on the input from the 69 parents and the
discussions with five experts, few themes emerged. Types of digital security
practices were active, restrictive, supervision, monitoring and co-use. Concerns of
online threats identified include excessive use of internet, exposure to adult
content, cyberbully, privacy issues, online predators, and exposure to harmful
content. The data reflects current understanding parents have on cyber parenting
in Malaysian context. Advocacy strategies need to be tailored according to these
findings to ensure relevant concerns are addressed, and suitable practices that are
relevant to the Malaysian parents are promoted.
79
PP 38
The Wrong Health Belief: Manifestation of Erroneous Perception

“Understanding Myths in Pregnancy and Childbirth and the Potential
Adverse Consequences”
Norain Ahmad, Sharifah Fazlinda Syed Nor, Faiz Daud
The trend of choosing natural birth at home without proper supervision which is
gaining more attention and popularity in Malaysia. This is partly due to wrong
beliefs of the modern medical care. It is a must to explore further into the myths
and wrong beliefs present in the communities around the world. Therefore, the
aim of this study is to identify these myths specifically those that have potential
negative effects on maternal and perinatal wellbeing. They were qualitative
studies and four cross-sectional studies. From the thematic analysis, the myths can
be categorised into beliefs in eating behaviour which may cause miscarriage,
gestational diabetes mellitus and low birth weight baby. Beliefs in physical activity
which may cause maternal obesity causing deep vein thrombosis, beliefs in birthing
process which may lead to unnecessary caesarean section or even stillbirth, beliefs
in birth attendants which may cause unsafe delivery prone to multiple
complications. Finally, beliefs in placenta and umbilical cord may lead to
postpartum haemorrhage or sepsis. Potential harmful cultural beliefs and practices
in pregnancy and childbirth are still relevant in the community of today’s era, not
just in least developed and developing countries but also in developed countries.
Women and children are two very vulnerable groups, therefore, debunking these
myths and eliminating practices that may have potential adverse health effects
should be one of healthcare provider priorities especially those in the primary care
settings as they are the closest in contact with the community.
80
PP 39
Factors Associated with Truancy among Malaysian School-Going

Adolescents: Findings from the National Health and Morbidity
Survey 2017
Nur Azna Mahmud, Norzawati Yoep, Faizah Paiwai, Noor Aliza Lodz, S Maria Awaluddin, Noor Safiza Mohamad
Nor, Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani, Jane Ling Miaw Yn
Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia
Truancy may act as a precursor or a consequence to many behavioural problems

that might have potentially deleterious effects. This study examined the
associated factors that link to truancy among Malaysian school-going adolescents.
Data was obtained from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2017, a cross-
sectional survey among 27497 Malaysian school-going adolescents aged 13 to 17
years. A two stage stratified cluster random sampling was applied and data
collection was done using validated self-administered questionnaire. Logistic
analysis was applied using SPSS version 20. Overall prevalence of truancy among
school-going adolescents in Malaysia was 29.4% (95% CI: 27.78, 31.06). Based on
logistic regression, school-going adolescents from rural areas [AOR=1.20; 95%CI:
1.14,1.27], males [AOR=1.08; 95%CI: 1.02,1.14], in upper forms [AOR=1.34; 95%CI:
1.27,1.47], ever illicit drug users [AOR=2.13; 95%CI: 1.83, 2.47], current alcohol
drinkers [AOR = 1.40; 95%-CI : 1.27,1.53], current cigarette smokers [AOR = 1.99;
95%-CI: 1.84, 2.16] and being bullied [AOR = 1.37; 95%-CI: 1.28, 1.48] were more
likely to be truant. Truancy has been associated with various social problems that
might act as the first step to a lifetime problem among school-going adolescent.
Development in improving information that link to the associated factors of
truancy can lead to more effective intervention in order to mitigate the problem.
81
PP 40
Using a Video Intervention to Improve Parent-Child Attachment

among Parents of Preschool Children in Selangor
Hayati Kadir @ Shahar1, Hamidin Awang2, Anita Abd Rahman1, Anisah Baharom1,
Mohd Sukki Othman3

2Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Putra Malaysia
3Fakulti Bahasa Moden Dan Komunikasi, Universiti Putra Malaysia
Parent-child Parent-child attachment plays a crucial role in establishing later

patterns of emotional, cognitive and social functioning in children. This study aims
to assess the effectiveness of a video on parenting in improving parent-child
attachment among parents in preschool children. A pilot study of quasi-
experimental study design was conducted among parents of preschool children
aged 4 to 6 years. Respondents were divided into the control and intervention
group. The intervention group answered a guided questionnaire before and after a
video intervention was conducted. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistic
version 24.0. Both the control and intervention group were comparable at
baseline. The highest parent-child attachment scores were recorded during post-
intervention (mean=62.276, SD=5.038), followed by pre-intervention
(mean=61.494, SD=5.421) and for the control (mean=57.885, SD=5.987). Mauchly’s
test of sphericity showed that the assumption was not met. (χ² =8.394, p=0.015).
One-way repeated-measures ANOVA showed that there was a significant main
effect of parent-child attachment before and after intervention (F (2, 66) =
12.944, p <0.001, ηp²=0.341). Bonferroni post hoc tests showed that the scores
were significantly different between control (mean=57.885, SD=5.987) and pre-
intervention (mean=61.494, SD=5.421, p=0.033). The scores were also significantly
different from control (mean=57.885, SD=5.987) compared to post-intervention
(mean=62.276, SD=5.038, p=0.014). However, there was no significant difference
observed in pre-intervention (mean=61.494, SD=5.421) compared to post-
intervention (mean=62.276, SD=5.038). This evidence supports the hypothesis that
child-attachment scores improved after the video intervention.
82
HEALTH PROMOTION
PP 41
Wrong Health Perception of Anti-Vaccine Movement in Malaysia: The

Fallacy of Judgement
Abdullah Aliff Abdul Wahab, Noor Hazmi Noor Hassim, Faiz Daud
Over 300 years has passed by since the first vaccine was discovered. There were
multiple efforts done towards immunization program including globally, regionally
and at local level. However, in the midst of technology and advancement in
vaccine development, we still face major issues in relation to delivery of
vaccination towards a segment of the society which refuses vaccine. In Malaysia,
the number of parents who refused vaccination for their children has increased to
almost three-fold, from 470 cases in 2013 to 1054 cases as of May 2015. This
explains why measles cases have been reported to increase from 197 cases in 2015
to 873 cases as of June 2016. In August 2017, one death was reported involving a 9-
year-old boy who did not have the complete Diphtheria immunization required for
his age. Very few articles were found discussing the local health perception of
anti-vaccine movement in Malaysia. This study aimed to identify the associated
factors towards wrong health perception of anti-vaccine movement in Malaysia. A
systematic review study for past 5-years published in online search engine. A total
of 10 articles were reviewed. Altogether, this process resulted in the generation of
seven analytical themes as the outcomes of the study. Almost half of the review
findings of the wrong health perception concerned on health literacy theme,
9(26.47%) and safety concern regarding the vaccine itself, 8(23.53%). These were
followed by time & cost as barrier, 4(11.76%) doubt on vaccine effectiveness,
4(11.76%) and religious / belief, 4(11.76%). Others are influenced by external
sources, 3(8.82%) and low confidence on provider, 2(5.88%). Most of the wrong
health perception concerned on health literacy and safety concern regarding the
vaccine itself. By looking into these issues, more effective and target-specific
intervention could be formulated.
83
PP 42
Refining the Evil Technology in Digital Obesity; A Systematic Review

on the Intervention Using Exercise Gaming to Reduce Childhood
Obesity
Noor Atika Azit, Nurul Afzan Aminuddin, Faiz Daud
The worsening trend of childhood obesity is a global public health issue. Digital
technology evolution is a contributing factor toward physical inactivity and obesity
among children. In order to overcome this growing problem, exercise game had
been introduced in early 80’s to ameliorate this obesogenic environment. Exercise
games utilize innovative technologies that provide an interactive environment
requiring gestures and body movements in order to simulate on-screen gameplay.
The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of exercise gaming
intervention in managing childhood obesity. A systematic review was performed .6
articles examining exercise video game impact on weight management among
children published between January 2013 and December 2017 in the English
language were selected from 54 articles identified through five major search
engines. Majority of the researches were conducted in developed countries
particularly in the United States whereby some developing countries have started
with small-scale researches in this area. The result indicated there is a significant
increase in physical activity level, reduction of BMI, reduce adipose tissue
composition and have a positive psychological impact after exercise game
intervention. However, the impact of exercise game on physiological and
metabolic parameters are inconclusive and need further study. The exercise game
is effective to improve childhood obesity if combined with other modules of
lifestyle. Therefore, the exercise game can be the right tools to combat obesity
among children with gadget addiction.
84
PP 43
Loose Value: The Mindless Life of Child Abuse Perpetrator

Noor Dalila Inche Zainal Abidin, Hanani Nabilah Mohd Sobri, Faiz Daud
Child abuse is a part of violence and maltreatment towards a child. It has led to
many immediate and long-term consequences. The factors pertaining the
perpetrator of physical and emotional abuse were least explored in literatures.
The aim of this systematic review is to comprehend the factors of vulnerability
among the perpetrators of child abuse, and to identify the most reported
characteristic of child abuse perpetrators in literature globally. A systematic
search of articles published between 2013 and 2018 was conducted in several
databases (Scopus, Ovid Medline, EBSCOhost and Google Scholar). A total of 14
studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The risk factors
and characteristics of child abuse perpetrator is classified into three different
levels; individual, relationship and community. The most reported characteristics
are at individual level. Family background and situation play an important role in
determining the risk of being a child abuse perpetrator. Low socioeconomic status
of the family is the prominent contributing risk factor for abusing their own
children.
85
PP 44
Systematic Review on Stigma on Mental Health in Malaysia and Asian

Countries
Mohd Ihsanuddin Abas1, 2, Mohd Fathulzhafran1, Faiz Daud1
2Unit of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin
Mental health issues in Malaysia is increasing in numbers which is up to 30% in 2015

based on NHMS. Stigma on mental health is defined as any unjustified and false
association between people who have mental illness, their families and people
near to them with something shameful. Research has shown that stigma on mental
health would hinder patients away from treatments. Stigma would reduce help-
seeking behaviour and subsequently be a barrier for treatment. A systematic
review is done based on related articles published between January 2013 until
December 2017 from four major search engines namely PubMed, Scopus, Ovid and
Google Scholar; restricted to past 5 years to have the most recent literature
outcomes. Research Ethics Board review is not required as it did not involve living
subjects. The articles were then screened based on topics related to mental
illness, association with stigma and must be done around Asian countries and
Malaysia. The exclusion criteria were stigma related to any chronic and infectious
diseases, sexual orientations and articles not related to Asian countries and
Malaysia. There were 31 articles retrieved and 6 articles were selected after
screening and assessing of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Stigma on mental
health is called as hidden danger as patients with mental health issue will become
secretive and hidden from other people’s knowledge and health professional
attention. It later causes danger to themselves and others if late diagnosis and
treatment occur. Education level would determine the level of stigma among
populations. Having exposure to relatives and some information on mental health
would reduce the stigma. Otherwise, people tend to discriminate those mental
health patients from society. Different cultural perspectives are also contributing
factors towards stigma as Western populations are more open towards people
suffering mental health compared to Asians. This would determine the treatment
approach as Western are more open and approachable while Asians still regarded
them as sinful and isolated from the society. Another approach suggested for
Asians is denormalization of suicidal act as part of consequences of life rather to
engage and getting them into treatment to reduce the impact of stigma.
86
PP 45
Ageing Perceptions and Quality of Life among Middle and Older Aged
Adults in Malaysia
Sofee Akhlak1, Zohra Akhlak2, Norhafizatul Akma Shohor1
1Center for Nursing Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Teknogi MARA (UiTM)
2Out Patient Center, Sime Ramsay Medical Center
Malaysia’s older adult population had increased rapidly over the last twenty years.
In light with the increasing population, it is imperative that their attitudes towards
ageing and their QoL are well managed. The aim of this study was to explore the
Ageing Perceptions and Quality of Life (QoL) among middle and older aged adults
in Malaysia. A descriptive cross-sectional method was undertaken involving a total
of 500 participants aged 40 years and above. APQ and CASP-19 were used to
identify ageing perceptions, QoL, relationship between demographic
characteristics and ageing perceptions and association between ageing perceptions
and QoL. Results revealed that both middle and older age adults have positive
perceptions of ageing with good QoL. There were significant relationship between
the demographic characteristics and ageing perceptions. Ageing perceptions were
also significantly associated with QoL. Findings illustrated that one must be aware
of ageing pitfalls during early age to enjoy a good QoL in later years. Implanting
positive aspects of ageing should be a responsibility of all. Collaboration of a good
team involving the government, family and community is needed to ensure healthy
ageing.
87
PP 46
Non-Intentional Home Injuries among Elderly in Urban Area

Selangor: A Community Perception
Leny Suzana Suddin, Rabiatul Adawiyah, Ahmad Taufik Jamil
Department of Population Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA
Injury among elderly population could result in high morbidity and mortality in
view of it would involve longer hospitalization and more extensive medical care;
which in turn, will lead to increase health care burden. Non-intentional injury was
found to be the fifth leading cause of death in this age group. The aim of this study
was to determine the non-intentional injuries involving the elderly and its
associated factors among the urban community in Selangor. A cross sectional study
was conducted in one small urban community in Selangor using pre-tested
structured questionnaire and face to face interview from house-to-house. A total
of 246 respondents were recruited with majority were Malays (85%), male (52%)
and with median age of 40 years old.12% of respondents were in the elderly age
group. The prevalence of non-intentional injuries among the elderly was 3.6% with
majority were due to fall or tripped (73%) and place of occurrence was mostly in
the toilet (55%). 9% of these injured elderly suffered permanent disability post-
injury. Slippery floor (14%) was claimed to be the contributing factor in majority of
injuries with poor housekeeping as the least (2.7%). There was no significant
association found as factors for these non-intentional injuries in this study
population. Policy makers should emphasis on targeted measures like home safety
design programme or safe home model as one of the strategy for injury prevention
among elderly in urban community.
88
PP 47
Conceptual Design and Development of Cycling Charger: Promoting a

Healthy Lifestyle within the Community
Zulhani Rasin1, Adri Rauf1, Faiz Daud2, Natrah Abd Rani2
1Centre for Robotics and Industrial Automation (CeRIA), Faculty of Electrical Engineering), Universiti Teknikal
Malaysia Melaka (UTeM)
A powerful smartphone with all the high-end features has become one of the basic
necessities in today’s modern life. People use the smartphone not only for
communication purposes, but for other things such as entertainment and work. As
our life has become very much dependent on this kind of technological gadget
which makes everything easier and faster to access, it becomes a main reason for
our lack of daily physical activities which poses potential health issues. Despite
various brands and models of a smartphone, one thing in common is the use of
battery to power the device, where it needs to be recharged over time. The
movement of wheel with a motor installed is able to generate electricity thus
powering the battery. In this research, the enjoyable and healthy activity of
cycling is further upgraded to become what is known as a “cycling charger” as a
way of promoting a healthy lifestyle within the community. It focuses on the
conceptual design and prototype development of a stationary cycling charger
which can be located anywhere within the public area for easy access and
usability. Firstly the specification and parameters of the cycling charger are
determined based on the average potential users, including the electrical capacity
and device protection. It is then followed by the modelling and simulation works
using a software to determine the feasibility before the final prototyping stage
where all predetermined performance indicators are verified. The human powered
cycling charger enables a person to force themselves to exercise while having their
smartphone being recharged, and the amount of calories burned based on the
person weight, cycling speed and time will be recorded. Its size which is basically
based on the available stationary cycling exercise platform and together with an
independent battery supply for all its operation make it easier and flexible to be
installed within the public area.
89
PP 48
Perspective of Skin Whitening Product in Relation to Health

Muhammad Faiz Mohd Ishak, Mohd Shahrol Abd Wahil, Faiz Daud
Skin whitening practice have existed and well accepted over centuries in all races
for the purpose of beauty, self-satisfaction, culture and tradition. With current
modern technology, the skin whitening has evolved in term of efficacy and a
variety of products. However, skin whitening products might serve potential
danger towards consumer health. The aim of the study is to determine the
awareness of health effect and possible side effect from skin whitening
application. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
(PRISMA) was used to facilitate the process of article search. Full articles
published between January 2013 and December 2017 were searched using six
search engines; Google Scholar, Ovid, Ebscohost, Scopus, Pubmed and Wiley. A
total of 19 full academic articles fulfilled the criteria of selection. Majority of the
study were conducted in African countries (42 percent). The prevalence of skin
lightening practices among respondents ranged between 2.6 to 71.9 percent. The
awareness of adverse effects of skin lightening was measured by various
definitions. The prevalence of side effects was reported ranging from 17 to 34.9
percent. There were four themes synthesized after extensive review; health
belief, health authority, consumer behavior and the need for social-recognition.
This review revealed that the use of skin lightening and topical bleaching agents
was common among women in Asia and Africa. Numerous women of different age,
class and professional status seek lighter complexions and are using the products
excessively which also reported significant prevalence of adverse effects. Although
the participants were aware of the risks, they continued its usage. This shows that
awareness alone is not enough; knowing the health risk is not the only effective
way against these practices. It shows that the socio-cultural context of how health
is understood remains a crucial issue. The demand for skin whitening will increase
in the future in view of perception towards definition of beauty, overwhelming
advertisement, the availability of the product, and affordable price. The public
health authority should be alerted to look closely into this whitening industry to
safe-guard our Malaysian population in relation to health.
90
UNIKL
PP 49
Alleviation of Oxidative Stress by Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) in

Rats Fed with High Fat and High Fructose (HFHF) Diet
Izuddin Fahmy A, Nurain Nadia CI, Wan Syafila WS
Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Institute of Medical Science Technology (UniKL MESTECH), Malaysia
High fat and high fructose (HFHF) diet consumption can lead to hyperglycemia,
resulting in increased free radical production and reduced antioxidant defense
mechanism. This oxidative stress phenomenon elevates lipid peroxidation which
damages cells and tissues. In this study, the effects of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa)
flower aqueous extract (100 mg/kg) daily oral treatment were examined in
Sprague-Dawley rats fed with HFHF diet for 21 days. Weight changes, blood glucose
level, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (lipid peroxidation biomarker) and
catalase (antioxidant) content were measured. Roselle treatment in HFHF-fed rats
significantly reduced weight gain changes (150.3±65.9%) compared to HFHF rats
without treatment (164.5±59.3%) (p<0.05). Blood glucose in both treatment groups
(healthy+roselle: 5.22±0.47 mmol/L, HFHF+roselle: 5.65±0.55 mmol/L) were lower
compared to HFHF group (6.00±0.63 mmol/L) although insignificant (p>0.05).
Renal MDA was lower in healthy+roselle group (0.84±0.33 nmol/mg/protein) than
healthy group without treatment (1.20±0.24 nmol/mg/protein) (p<0.05). HFHF
group had the highest renal MDA content (1.23±0.40 nmol/mg/protein) while
HFHF+roselle had lower content at 1.10±0.05 nmol/mg/protein. Liver MDA was
lower (but insignificant) in HFHF+roselle group (0.11±0.07 nmol/mg/protein)
compared to HFHF without treatment (0.16±0.02 nmol/mg/protein). High liver
catalase content was demonstrated by healthy+roselle (0.48±0.25 µg/ml) and
HFHF+roselle (0.42±0.22 µg/ml) goups, while a significantly low content was
observed in HFHF group (0.12±0.05 µg/ml). The trend is similar in renal; both
groups treated with roselle had significantly higher catalase content
(healthy+roselle: 0.43±0.25 µg/ml, HFHF+roselle: 0.40±0.19 µg/ml) compared to
HFHF group (0.25±0.21 µg/ml). Our findings demonstrated moderate effects of
roselle as antiobesity, antihyperglycemic and antioxidant agent to reduce oxidative
stress.
91
PP 50
Internet of Things High Availability Studies in Assuring Reliable Input

Resources
Ahmad S. Khalid, Hassan Dao, M. Azmin M. Ghazali
Malaysian Institute of Information Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Internet of Things (IoT) offers multiple possibilities in automating smart

environment. Most of its sensors are small and limited in resources. In a critical
environment, such as health care, a single point of input is not sufficient to ensure
the reliability of the feed. Lack of feedback during a critical instance could
jeopardize a person’s life if it is related to domain such as the ambient assisted
living (AAL). Although Malaysian population age is not as bad as developed
countries, there is an increase in elderly person requiring special attention. By
leveraging the possibilities of having various sensors within IoT environment, AAL
helps an elderly person in their daily chores. Therefore, reduce the need for a
personal helper. In order to improve feedback reliability, studies on high
availability is required. The implementation of various sensors is not enough to
ensure the reliability of the input. The combination of heat sensor, gas sensor, or
oxygen sensor will not work if one of it fail to provide their data. Hence the
interest to increase the number of similar sensors will provide a way forward in
providing input redundancy. At the communication end, multiple path for sensors
will address the high availability issues in relaying feedbacks to the controllers. We
examine the impact of redundancy in sensors related to health in order to assess
its necessity in ensuring reliability. This includes the complexity of the system, its
response time and cost related issues.
92
PP 51
Finite Difference Time Domain Method to Investigate

Electromagnetic Field Effects in Human Body
Hikma Shabani1, Hassan Dao2, Md. Rafiqul Islam3
1Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak,
Malaysia
2Malaysian Institute of Information Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
Maxwell’s equations are implemented using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD)
method to investigate the radiation effects in human body. Flat Phantom Model for
human body is proposed using incident electric fields and Perfect Matched Layers
(PML) boundary conditions. The proposed model has been implemented in Matlab
Codes. The electric field distribution and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) are
calculated for all possible human organs using the measured electric field intensity
at 900MHz, 1800MHz and 2.4GHz at International Islamic University Malaysia
(IIUM), Gombak Campus. The values predicted by proposed method are found close
to those calculated by the commercial Remcom Inc Software, XFDTD6.4. The
effect of SAR has been predicted for different organs using proposed model. It is
observed that the effect is higher in higher frequencies and the organ affects
worse is brain. The SAR predicted by the proposed model for measured radiated
fields at aforementioned frequencies are compared with safety guidelines given by
the recognized body such as ANSI/IEEE, ICNIRP and Malaysia Communication and
Multimedia Commission (MCMC).The predicted SAR is found 0.083W/Kg at 900MHz,
0.751W/Kg at 1800MHz and 1.434W/Kg at 2.4GHz which are 4.2%, 37.6% and 71.7%
respectively of safety limits proposed by ICNIRP. The preliminary results show that
the campus is safer for its inhabitants.
93
PP 52
Multispectral Thin Film Copper via Magnetron Sputtering

Muhammad Rosli Abdullah, Noor Hasmiza Harun
Universiti Kuala Lumpur- British Malaysian Institute, Malaysia
A copper nanoparticle exhibit electromagnetic spectrum that is potential in a

biosensor development. It is crucial to design a low cost nanoparticle biosensor
that is easily fabricated at precise size and available in various spectral
wavelength. This paper provides a convenient method for copper nanoparticle
deposition on a glass substrate with a magnetron sputtering process. The research
objective are to determine a spectral intensity and reliable prediction recipe for
various nanometer copper film thicknesses. In this experiment, six glass slides
were coated with copper at different sputtering time. The time was varied from
280 sec to 980 sec while Argon gas and DC power were maintained respectively at
80 sccm and 130 watt. Later, the optics and photonics based measurement were
employed for assessing the copper film thickness and spectral intensity.
Quantitatively, an experiment result indicates that the thicknesses of the copper
thin film were changed respectively to sputtering time from 35 nm ~ 150 nm within
200 sec ~ 3600 sec. Qualitatively, different spectral intensity were obtained that
responds to the anisotropy of the six copper nanoparticle thin films. The result is
beneficial for evaluating the anisotropy of the copper coating in a nanoscale
microbial detection at different spectral wavelength.
94
PP 53
Mobile Crowd Sensing to Monitor Noise Pollution for Public

Wellbeing
Megat Farez Azril Zuhairi, Hassan Dao, Rashid Zafar
Malaysian Institute of Information Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
The Mobile Crowd Sensing (MCS) application enables mobile device equipped with
sensory components to acquire critical information from proximity areas and
individual. The provision of MCS applications in medical healthcare allows the
system to collect random data over a particularly without the need to establish
fixed infrastructure. The research is focused on both quantitative and qualitative
approaches. Both methods are required particularly to gather large amount of data
using different human resources from a specific area. The accuracy of the raw data
obtained using smartphone's microphone is mitigated by two methods. Firstly, to
investigate the hardware differences between various smartphones and
subsequently validate the output from the smartphones against the output
obtained from commercial digital sound meter. Second, to ensure each
microphone used in the smartphone possesses similar specification to each other.
The geographical representation of the collected data is shown in the city areas
i.e. Kuala Lumpur. The range of noise data gathered in 24 hours each day is
between 25 to 90 dBA. Based on the results collected, during public holiday it is
observed that many areas in KL is quite safe and the number of green spots
dominates the reds. One of the reasons could be due to less traffic activity on
roads. The noise level for 24 hours on a typical working day shows critical level of
noise scattered throughout all major towns in Kuala Lumpur. The result is
expected because many people spend much of their time outdoor and commute to
workplace. On a weekend day, the spots of high noise level are less as compared
to public holiday and normal working day. The results show that most of the areas
in city of Kuala Lumpur are not safe to live during certain period time of the day.
It is because the level of noise pollution is high and many people may be
frequently exposed to long term high pitching noise.
95

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Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, Vol. 18 (Suppl.

ISSN: 1675-0306 Volume 19 (Supplement 1) 2019

Official Publication of the

MALAYSIAN PUBLIC HEALTH PHYSICIANS’ ASSOCIATION

7th INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH CONFERENCE

28th – 30th AUGUST 2018

PUTRAJAYA MARRIOTT HOTEL, PUTRAJAYA, MALAYSIA

OP 2 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URINARY MANGANESE AND NEUROBEHAVIOURAL 2

OP 3 LEVELS OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, BELIEF AND PRACTICE ON MERCURY 3

ORAL PRESENTATION – OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

ORAL PRESENTATION – EPIDEMIOLOGY AND STATISTICS

OP 6 PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY 6

OP 7 FACTORS OF PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION ACCEPTANCE AMONG ADULT 7

OP 8 LEPTOSPIROSIS PROPHYLAXIS FOR HIGH RISK ADULTS 8

OP 9 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FAILURE TO QUIT SMOKING AMONG ATTENDEES OF 9

OP 10 INVARIANT ASSESSMENT OF LEPTOSPIROSIS KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS IN DOG 10

OP 11 A REVIEW OF VALIDITY OF THE SOCIAL RESPONSIVENESS SCALE (SRS) FOR THE 11

OP 12 PARTIAL LEAST SQUARES STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING (PLS-SEM): 12

OP 13 CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PERCEPTION SCALE: DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCT 13

OP 14 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES ON LIFESTYLE 14

ORAL PRESENTATION – HEALTH MANAGEMENT

OP 16 DETERMINANTS OF HOSPITAL WAITING TIME IN INDIA 16

OP 17 COST EFFECTIVENESS IN CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS HEART LUNG PACK 17

OP 18 COST ANALYSIS OF LAPAROSCOPIC AND OPEN HERNIOPLASTY AT UNIVERSITI 18

OP 19 HEALTH FINANCING AMONG HOMELESS AND IT INFLUENTIAL FACTORS 19

OP 20 COMBINED SYSTOLIC DIASTOLIC HYPERTENSION AMONG ADULTS IN SAUDI ARABIA: 20

OP 21 WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR CANCER GENETIC TESTING IN UNIVERSITY 21

ORAL PRESENTATION – FAMILY HEALTH

OP 22 DEVELOPMENT OF LOGICAL FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS FOR NEWBORN SCREENING 22

OP 23 CHERAS CAMPUS FOR SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS: POST-TRAINING 23

OP 24 BREAST MILK INFLUENCE ON GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT 24

OP 25 STUDY PROTOCOL DEVELOPMENT ON CUSTOMIZED ANTENATAL GROWTH CHART 25

OP 26 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH LITERACY AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETES 26

OP 27 ANTEPARTUM DEPRESSIVE, ANXIETY AND COMORBID SYMPTOMS AMONG MEN AND 27

OP 28 BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS UNDERSTANDING OF GROWING-UP MILK 28

OP 29 AN ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES TOWARDS 29

OP 30 STUDY ON HEALTH EDUCATION IN MANAGING PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ANEMIA IN 30

OP 31 THE HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF MALAYSIAN GASTROINTESTINAL 31

OP 32 STRES KEBIMBANGAN DAN KEMURUNGAN DALAM KALANGAN PENJAGA PESAKIT 32

OP 33 DEVELOPMENT AND EFFECTIVENESS OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 33

ORAL PRESENTATION – HEALTH PROMOTION

OP 35 VALIDITY OF THE BAHASA MALAYSIA VERSION OF PATIENT EDUCATION 35

OP 36 FRAMEWORK OF INITIATIVES TO ADDRESS ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE – GLOBAL 36

OP 37 THE ASSOCIATION OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF HAND HYGIENE 37

ORAL PRESENTATION – UNIKL

OP 39 SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBON MODIFIED 39

OP 40 A REAL-TIME AEDES MOSQUITO DETECTION SYSTEM TO PREVENT DENGUE DISEASE 40

OP 41 MEDIATING EFFECTS OF HEALTH ON STRESSOR AND WORK PERFORMANCE: A 41

OP 42 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COCONUT GRIPPER V2 42

POSTER PRESENTATION – ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

PP 2 A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF BAUXITE MINING ON MALAYSIA: WHEN GOOD 44

PP 3 CARDIO-TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES CONDUCTED AT UKM IN THE PAST FIVE YEARS 45

POSTER PRESENTATION – OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

PP 5 HOW EFFECTIVE IS THE COMMUNITY MEDICINE POSTING TO CULTIVATE 47

POSTER PRESENTATION – EPIDEMIOLOGY AND STATISTICS

PP 7 BENEFIT OF COLORECTAL CANCER GENETIC TESTING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW 49

PP 8 THE IMPACT OF POOR SLEEP QUALITY ON QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG TEACHING 50

PP 9 SICKNESS AND INCOME LOSS IN INDIA: EVIDENCE FROM NATIONAL DATA 51

PP 10 INCIDENCE RATE OF TUBERCULOSIS IN MALAYSIA, 2013 TO 2015: A SOCIO- 52