SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO

USR SDR WORKSHOP, SEPTEMBER 2017

PROF. MARCELO SEGURA

SESSION 2: AM MODULATION, REVIEW OF CONCEPT

REAL IMPLEMENTATION

1
 AM 2
QUADRATURE AMPLITUDE MODULATION
• AM is poor efficiency since it use double of bandwidth.
• But is on of the simplest modulation systems, AM-DSB-SC.

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 AM 3
BANDWIDTH EFFICIENCY

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 AM 4
DSB-SC

Pros: very simple implementation

Cons: Require coherent demodulator, phase and frequency.
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 AM 5
DSB-SC

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 AM 6
DSB-SC BASE BAND

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 AM 7
DSB-TC

m: modulation index

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 AM 8
DSB-TC

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 AM 9
MODULATION INDEX

Pros: NOT require coherent demodulator

Cons: bad spectral efficiency

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 AM 10
AM-SSB

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 QAM 11
QAM MODULATOR
• Advantages of QAM, we have better spectral efficiency.

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 QAM 12
QAM DEMODULATOR

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 QAM 13
I/Q PERFECT DEMO

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 QAM 14
I/Q PERFECT DEMO

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 QAM 15
PHASE SHIFT

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 QAM 16
PHASE OFFSET

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 QAM 17
FREQUENCY OFFSET

WE HAVE TO CORRECT OFFSET BEFORE

START WORKING WITH SDR

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 QAM 18
COMPLEX EXPONENTIAL

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 QAM 19
COMPLEX EXPONENTIAL

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 QAM 20
REAL HARDWARE VS COMPLEX NOTATION

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 AM 21
THEORETICAL DEMODULATION ON DSB-SC
• The simplest receiver will be a DSB-SC, because we just need to multiply by the carrier.
• This will works ONLY if no phase or frequency offset.

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 AM 22
REAL COHERENT DEMODULATOR DSB-TC

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 AM 23
REAL COHERENT DEMODULATOR

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 AM 24
PERFECT DEMODULATOR
• Real demodulator, w/offset

• Perfect demo

• Because is hard to get “perfect tuning” on the carrier, we need a coherent receiver with frequency and
phase recovery to avoid this problems.

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 AM 25
DEMODULATED RECEIVED SPECTRUM

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 SSB 26
GENERATION AM-SSB
EASY way is to filter AM-DSB-SC, BUT filter needs very large attenuation and rolloff factor

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 SSB 27
SSB TRANSMITTER

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 VSB 28
VESTIGIAL SIDE BAND (VSB)
• It was created to reduce the bandwidth on analog TV channels that use DSB-TC.
• The modulator is DSB-TC, but with a pass-band filter at the output. This filter allows to pass the carrier plus
a portion of the lower band, the vestigial band.

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 VSB 29
VSB
• Transmitter

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 AM 30
NON-COHERENT DEMO: ENVELOPE DETECTOR
• Classical detector, only works for DSB-TC

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 AM TRANSMISSION 31
USRP TX
• USRP hardware support package is required.
• By default only digital up-conversion is done on the FGPA

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 AM TRANSMISSION 32
USRP MATLAB PARAMETERS

LO Offset

• TX Gain: expressed as scalar. Max 90dB

• RX Gain: 73dB
• Clock Freq: 5Mhz a 56Mhz
• DUC: default 512, correspond to simple rate of 1e8/512=195Khz
• Underrun: “+” not enough samples, “0” no data loss
• Enable burst: no underrun /overrun, fixed number of frames

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 AM TRANSMISSION 33
USRP TX AM DSB-SC

Only send real data!!!

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 AM TRANSMISSION 34
USRP TX AM DSB-TC

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 AM TRANSMISSION 35
AM-SSB

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 AM TRANSMISSION 36
AM-SSB

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 AM RECEIVER 37
RECEIVER DSB-TC WITH ENVELOPE DETECTOR
• Demo Ideal

• PROBLEM: it is probable that we have frequency offset, so the AM will be modulated but a low frequency
near DC. Envelop works if fc>>fi.

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 AM RECEIVER 38
RX NON-COHERENT
• SOLUTION: Use an offset intermediate freq.
• Demodulated signal will be on IF area, after that envelope detector can be applied.

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 AM RECEIVER 39
RX NON-COHERENT
• We cannot recover DSB-SC signal we envelope detector.

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 AM RECEIVER 40
RX COHERENT
• We need a coherent receiver that use a PLL to recover the phase and frequency.

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 FDM 41
FDM INTRO
• FDM allows to send multiple signals at the same time, sharing the available spectrum.
• The first application of FDM was on wired telephony, where each user has 3.4Khz of the total bandwidth.

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 FDM 42
FDM TX
• DSB-TC modulation with real carrier

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 FDM 43
FDM TX
• Quadrature modulation, complex carrier.

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 FDM 44
FDM- TX USRP

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 FDM 45
FDM TX USRP

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 FDM 46
FDM RX
Intermediate frequency receiver.

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