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Sri Vidya College of Engineering & Technology, Virudhunagar Course Material (Question Bank)

Unit - I

1.What is mobile computing?

Mobile computing is a technology that allows transmission of data, via a computer,
without having to be connected to a fixed physical link.

2. What is Mobility?

• A person who moves

Between different geographical locations
Between different networks
Between different communication devices
Between different applications
• A device that moves
Between different geographical locations
Between different networks

2. What are two different kinds of mobility?

User Mobility: It refers to a user who has access to the same or similar telecommunication
services at different places.
Device Portability: many mechanisms in the network and inside the device have to make sure that
communication is still possible while the device is moving.
3. Find out the characteristics while device can thus exhibit during communication.
 
 Fixed and Wired

 Mobile and Wired 

 Fixed and Wireless 
 
Mobile and Wireless 
4. What are applications of Mobile Computing?

Vehicles

Emergencies

Business

Replacement of wired networks

Infotainment

Location dependent services
 
Mobile and wireless devices 
5. What are the obstacles in mobile communications?

Interference

Regulations and spectrum

Low Bandwidth

High delays, large delay variation

Lower security, simpler to attack

 Shared Medium Adhoc-networks
6. Give the information’s in SIM?
 
 Card type, serial no, list of subscribed services

 Personal Identity Number(PIN) 

 Pin Unlocking Key(PUK) 

An Authentication Key(KI) 

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7. What

are the

Advantages of wireless LAN?
 Flexibility 
  
Planning  

Design
 
Robustness
8.Mention some of the disadvantages of WLANS?
Quality of service

Proprietary solutions.

Restrictions

Safety and Security

9. Describe about MAC layer in DECT architecture.

The medium access control (MAC) layer establishes, maintains and releases channels for
higher layers by activating and deactivating physical channels. MAC multiplexes several logical
channels onto physical channels. Logical channels exist for signaling network control, user data
transmission, paging or sending broadcast messages. Additional services offered include
segmentation/reassembly of packets and error control/error correction.

10. What are the basic tasks of the MAC layer?

Medium access Fragmentation of user data Encryption
11. What are the basic services provided by the MAC
layer? Asynchronous data service (mandatory)
Time-bounded service (optional)

12. What are the techniques used for MAC management?

Synchronization
Power management
Roaming
Management information base(MIB)
13. Describe about MAC layer in DECT architecture.
The medium access control (MAC) layer establishes, maintains and releases channels for
higher layers by activating and deactivating physical channels. MAC multiplexes several
logical channels onto physical channels. Logical channels exist for signaling network control,
user data transmission, paging or sending broadcast messages. Additional services offered
include segmentation/reassembly of packets and error control/error correction.

14. Define hidden terminal.

The transmission range of A reaches B but not C. The transmission range of C reaches
B but not A. B reaches A and C. A cannot detect C and vice versa.
A starts sending to B, but C does not receive this transmission. C also wants to send
something to B and senses the medium. The medium appears to be free, the carrier sense
fails. C also starts sending, causing a collision at B. But A can’t detect this collision at B
and continues with its transmission. A is hidden for C and vice versa.

15. What is Mobile Computing and the applications ?

Mobile computing is the process of computation on a mobile device. In such computing,
a set of distributed computing systems or service provider servers participate, connect , and
synchronise through mobile communication protocols.

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APPLICATIONS:

i) Mobile computing offers mobility with computer power.

ii) It provides decentralized computations on diversified devices, systems, and
networks, which are mobile, synchronized , and interconnected via mobile communication
standards and protocols.
13) Mobile computing facilitates a large number of applications on a single device.

16.Limitations of Mobile Computing?

i)Resource constraints.
ii)Interface
iii)Bandwidth
iv)Dynamic changes in communication
environment. v)Network issues.
vi)Interoperability issues.
vii)Security Constraints.

17.Give the difference between the network 1G,2G,2.5G,3G mobile communication?

1G - Voice-only communication.
2G – Communicate voice as well as data signals.
2.5G – Enhancements of the second generation and sport data rates up to 100 kpbs.
3G – Mobile devices communicate at even higher data rates and support voice, data , and
multimedia streams. High data rates in 3G devices enable transfer of video clips and faster
multimedia communication.
19. What is MAC?
Message authentication codes (MAC) are also used to authenticate messages during
transmission. MAC of a message is created using a cryptographic MAC function which is similar
to the hash function but has different security requirements.

20.Define Mobile Binding?

A binding created for providing mobility to a mobile node after registration at
a foreign network.
21.Agent-based Computing
An agent is any program that acts on behalf of a (human) user. A software mobile agent is
a process capable of migrating from one computer node to another.
22.Ubiquitous computing
Ubiquitous computing enhances computer use by making many computers
available throughout the physical environment, while making them effectively invisible to
users.

23.Client-Server Computing
An architecture in which the client is the requesting machine and the server is the
supplying machine. The client contains the user interface and may perform some or all of the
application processing.

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24. What do you mean by Digital Signature?

Digital signatures are used to enable verification of the records. A DSA (Digital Structure
Algorithm) is used to sign a record before transmitting. It provides for a variable key length of
maximum 512 0r 1024 bits. The DSS(Digital Signature Standard) is based on the DSA.Signatures
enable identification of the sender identify the orgin of the message, and check message integrity.

25. Define the term wireless?

Wireless telecommunications refers to the transfer of information between two or more

points that are not physically connected. Distances can be short, such as a few metres for television
remote control, or as far as thousands or even millions of kilometers for deep-space radio
communications. It encompasses various types of fixed, mobile, and portable applications,
including two-way radios, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and wireless
networking.
26 What are the different types of mobile Middleware?
1.Adaptation
2.Agent
27.What are the logical channels in GSM?
Traffic channel(TCH)
Control channel(CCH)
28. Define the term wireless?
Wireless telecommunications refers to the transfer of information between two or more
points that are not physically connected. Distances can be short, such as a few metres for television
remote control, or as far as thousands or even millions of kilometers for deep-space radio
communications. It encompasses various types of fixed, mobile, and portable applications,
including two-way radios, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and wireless
networking.
29. Define GPRS?
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a packet oriented service for mobile devices data
communication which utilizes the unused channels in TDMA mode in a GSM network and also
sends and receives packet of data through the internet.

30. What is Communication?

Communication is a two-way transmission and reception and reception of data
streams. Transmissions are of two types,
Guided Transmission

Unguided Transmission

31. Explain difference between wired and wireless networks

Wired Vs. Wireless Networks

Wired Networks Mobile Networks

- high bandwidth - low bandwidth
- low bandwidth variability - high bandwidth variability

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- can listen on wire - hidden terminal problem

- high power machines - low power machines
- high resource machines - low resource machines
- need physical access(security) - need proximity
- low delay - higher delay

32. Types of Wireless

Devices Laptops
Palmtops
PDAs
Cell
phones
Pagers
Sensors
33. Why Mobile Computing?
Enable anywhere/anytime connectivity
Bring computer communications to areas without pre existing infrastructure
Enable mobility
Enable new applications
An exciting new research area
34.what are the New Forms of Computing available?.
Wireless Computing
Nomadic Computing
Mobile Computing
Ubiquitous Computing
Pervasive Computing
Invisible Computing
35.Mobile Communication Networks: Examples

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications): worldwide standard for digital, cellular
Mobile Radio Networks
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System): European Standard for
future digital Mobile Radio Networks
AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System): analog Mobile Radio Networks in USA
DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications): European standard for cordless phones
TETRA (Terrestrial Trunked Radio): European standard for circuit switched radio networks
ERMES (European Radio Message System): European standard for radio paging systems (Pager)
802.11: International standard for Wireless Local Networks
Bluetooth: wireless networking in close/local
area Inmarsat: geostationary satellite systems
Teledesic: planned satellite system on a non-geostationary orbit
36.Components of a wireless communication system
Transmitter, receiver, filter, antenna, amplifier, mixers

37.Wireless Networking Standards (Table1.1)

ITU, IEEE and ISO
IEEE 802.11 standards (a,bc,d,e,f…u)

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39.What are the disadvantages of small cells?

a) Infrastructure b) Handover c) Frequency

40. What are the benefits of reservation schemes?

a) Increased no other station is allowed to transit during this slot b) Avoidance of congestion.

c) Waiting time in clearly known.

3. Differentiate between free space loss and path loss. Free space loss Path loss
41. Define hidden terminal.

The transmission range of A reaches B but not C. The transmission range of C reaches B but not A. B
reaches A and C. A cannot detect C and vice versa.

A starts sending to B, but C does not receive this transmission. C also wants to send something to B and
senses the medium. The medium appears to be free, the carrier sense fails. C also starts sending, causing a
collision at B. But A can’t detect this collision at B and continues with its transmission. A is hidden for C
and vice versa.

42.Mobile Computing - Characteristics

–Mobile devices
•Laptops
•Palmtops
•Smart cell phones
–Requirements
•Data access:
–Anywhere
–Anytime
•Nomadic users
–Constraints
•Limited ressources
•Variable connectivty:
–Performance
–Reliability

43. What are the different types of modulation ?

 TheModulationtypesare:
i).Amplitude Modulation. ii).Frequency
Modulation. iii).Phase Modulation.
44. What are the multiplexing techniques ?
The Multiplexing techniques are: i)Space division multiplexing. ii)Time division
multiplexing. iii)Frequency division multiplexing. iv)Code division multiplexing.
45. Define Space Division Multiplexing Access?
Space division multiple access (SDMA) means division of the available space so that
multiple sources can access the medium at the same time. SDMA is the technique in which a
wireless transmitter transmits the modulated signals and accesses a space slot and another

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transmitter accesses another space slot such that signals from both can propagate in two separate
spaces in the medium without affecting each other.

46. Define Code division multiplexing Access?

CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access) is an access method in which multiple users are
allotted different codes (sequence of symbols) to access the same channel (set of frequencies)
47. Define Time division multiplexing Access?
Time division multiplexing (TDMA) is an access method in which multiple users, data
services, or sources are allotted different time-slices to access the same channel. The available
time-slice is divided among multiple modulated-signal sources. These sources use the same
medium, the same set of frequencies, and the same channel for transmission of data.
48. Define Frequency division multiplexing Access?
Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) is an access method in which entails
assignments of different frequency-slices to different users for accessing the same carrier.

49. Difference between Circuit Switching and Packet Switching?

CIRCUIT SWITCHING :
Circuit switching is a method of data transmission in which a circuit
(Communication channel or path) once established, continues to be used till the
transmission is complete.
PACKET SWITCHING :
Packet switching is a means of establishing connection and transmitting data in which the
message consists of packets containing the data frames. A packet is a formatted series of data,
which follows a distinct path directed by a router from among a number of paths, available at that
instant.
50.What is CSMA
The capacity of ALOHA or slotted ALOHA is limited by the large vulnerability period of
a packet.
•By listening before transmitting, stations try to reduce the vulnerability period
to one propagation delay.
•This is the basis of CSMA (Kleinrock and Tobagi, UCLA, 1975).
The capacity of ALOHA or slotted ALOHA is limited by the large vulnerability period of
a packet.
•By listening before transmitting, stations try to reduce the vulnerability period
to one propagation delay.
•This is the basis of CSMA (Kleinrock and Tobagi, UCLA, 1975).
Station that wants to transmit first listens to check if another transmission is
in progress (carrier sense).
•If medium is in use, station waits; else, it transmits.
•Collisions can still occur.
•Transmitter waits for ACK; if no ACKs, retransmits.

51.What is the aim of ubiquitous computing? (AUT-NOV/DEC 2012)

• The aim of ubiquitous computing is to design computing infrastructures in such a
manner that they integrate seamlessly with the environment and become almost invisible.

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• Present Everywhere Bringing mobile, wireless and sensor Ubiquitous computing

(ubicomp) integrates computation into the environment, rather than having computers
which are distinct objects
52. What are the characteristics of mobile computing devices?
• Adaptation Data dissemination and Management
• Heterogeneity Interoperability Context awareness

53. What are the key constraints of mobile computing?

• unpredictable variation in network quality
• lowered trust and robustness of mobile elements

Part -B
1. Explain the structure of mobile computing.
2. Explain the MAC protocols in detail.
3. Define mobile computing. Explain its characteristics and applications.
4. Explain fixed assignment schemes and random assignment schemes.
5. Write short notes on, i) mobile computing environment and ii) MAC protocols.

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