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Database Environment: File Processing and Database Management System

This document provides an overview of file processing and database management systems. It discusses the three-level database architecture including the external, conceptual, and internal levels. It also describes logical and physical data independence and the distinction between data definition and data manipulation languages. Additionally, it classifies different data models such as hierarchical, network, and relational models. The document provides objectives and details about these database concepts.

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King Jazz
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26 views13 pages

Database Environment: File Processing and Database Management System

This document provides an overview of file processing and database management systems. It discusses the three-level database architecture including the external, conceptual, and internal levels. It also describes logical and physical data independence and the distinction between data definition and data manipulation languages. Additionally, it classifies different data models such as hierarchical, network, and relational models. The document provides objectives and details about these database concepts.

Uploaded by

King Jazz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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File Processing and Database Management System

Data

DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Models

Schemas

LESSON 2

Objectives:

• Understand three-level database architecture.


• Contents of external, conceptual, and internal levels
• Purpose of external/conceptual and conceptual/internal mappings.
• Define logical and physical data independence.
• Distinction between Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Languages.
• Classification of data models.
(ANSI-SPARC) THREE LEVEL ARCHITECTURE

- American National
Standard Institute on
System Planning and
Requirement
Committee

Figure. The Three level


Architecture
• External Level
• Users’ view of the database.
• Describes that part of database that is relevant to a particular user.

• Conceptual Level
• Community view of the database.
• Describes what data is stored in database and relationships among the data.

• Internal Level
• Describes the physical storage structure of the database.
• Describes how the data is stored in the database.
DATA INDEPENDENCE

- Capacity of changing schema at one level without affecting the other

• Logical Data Independence


• Refers to immunity of external schemas to changes in conceptual schema.
• Conceptual schema changes (e.g. addition/removal of entities).
• Should not require changes to external schema or rewrites of application programs.

• Physical Data Independence


• Refers to immunity of conceptual schema to changes in the internal schema.
• Internal schema changes (e.g. using different file organizations, storage structures/devices).
• Should not require change to conceptual or external schemas.
DATABASE LANGUAGES

• Data Definition Language (DDL)


• Allows the DBA or user to describe and name entities, attributes, and
relationships required for the application
• plus any associated integrity and security constraints.

• Data Manipulation Language (DML)


• Provides basic data manipulation operations on data held in the database.
• The retrieval of information stored in the database
• The insertion of new information into the database
• The deletion of information from the database
• The modification of information stored in the database
DATA MODELS

- a collection of conceptual tools for describing data, data relationships, data semantics, and consistency
constraints. Its purpose is to represent data in an understandable way.

- Data Model comprises:


- a structural part;
- a manipulative part;
- possibly a set of integrity rules.

- Categories of data models include:


- Object-based
▪ Entity-Relationship model
- Record-based
▪ Relational Data Model
▪ Network Data Model
▪ Hierarchical Data Model
HIERARCHICAL DATA MODEL
NETWORK DATA MODEL
RELATIONAL DATA MODEL
REVIEW AND SUMMARY

• Three-level database architecture.


• Contents of external, conceptual, and internal levels
• Purpose of external/conceptual and conceptual/internal mappings.
• Defined logical and physical data independence.
• Distinction between Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Languages.
• Classified the data models.
STEPS TO VIEW DBMS UI:

1. Open XAMMP Control Panel


2. Open browser (Chrome, firefox, and etc)
3. In the address bar, enter localhost/phpmyadmin
4. Explore the UI. Take note of the ff.
• Database
• SQL
• Export – Backup
• Import – Restore
• Create database
• Delete database
STEPS IN CREATING TABLE:

1. Create database
2. Create table
3. Insert data
4. Create back-up
5. Delete database
6. Step 1
7. Restore database

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