ENGLISH PRACTICE 10

SECTION 1: PHONOLOGY
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others
1. A. wretchedly B. ruggedly C. confusedly D. determinedly
2. A. slumber B. doubter C. dumbly D. debtor
3. A. expansion B. conversion C. precision D. explosion
4. A. athlete B. ethnic C. asthma D. breath
5. A. finale B. machete C. facsimile D. denote
II. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the other three.
1. A. magnifier B. preferable C. interpolate D. jeopardy
2. B. horizontal B. adolescent C. panorama D. infrastructure
3. A. photography B. advantageous C. proverbial D. magnificent
4. A. lunatic B. nomadic C. aroma D. heroic
5. A. constituency B. constitution C. presentiment D. subsidiary

SECTION II: LEXICO-GRAMMAR

PART II. GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY
I. Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct answer among four options (A, B,
C or D)
1. Jack _____________ a fortune when his great uncle Jack passed on.
A. made into B. went into C. came into D. bought
2. Telephone service to that remote village can't be ______ this year.
A. provided B. supplied C. improved D. made
3. His company had to close because of_______.
A. redundancy B. economic difficulties
C. subtitles D. a high rate of unemployment
4. I couldn't ______over how well the team play!
A. make B. get C. turn D. put
5. Even if you are good at a game, you shouldn't be______.
A. overconfident B. unconfident C. confidential D. confidentable
6. “Is it true that you fell asleep in class yesterday?”
“Unfortunately, yes. ________ is unbelievable. I’m very embarrassed.”
A. That I could do such a thing it B. That I could do such a thing
C. I could do such a thing it D. I could do such a thing
7. ________ is the biggest city in Michigan, it is not the capital.
A. Detroit B. If Detroit C. Although Detroit D. Detroit, which
8. An almost _______ line of traffic was moving at a snail’s pace through the town.
A. continuous B. constant C. continual D. stopping
9. They were walking on tiptoe ______ the Director's room.
A. pass B. passed C. past D. passing
10. I haven’t been feeling very well ________.
A. of late B. not long ago C. currently D. by now
11. Integration and assimilation can help reduce feelings of loss and grief as the migrant starts to
incorporate aspects of the majority culture.
A. disadvantage B. disapproval C. discrimination D. sadness
12. He said he was only joking, but his comments were so close to the bone.
A. annoying B. offensive C. personal D. respectful
13. Unluckily, David's dangerous and incredible journey in search of the Blue Fairy is in_______.
A. advance B. danger C. end D. vain
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 14. Most scientists believe that the day when robots become part of our lives will come _______.
A. from time to time B. more or less
C. sooner or later D. later than never
15. Researchers have __________to the conclusion that your personality is affected by your genes.
A. arrived B. come C. got D. reached

II. Each line of the following passage has one mistake related to either grammar or vocabulary
usage. Find and correct them.

Air pollution is a cause for ill – health in human beings. In a lot of 0. for --> of
countries, there are laws limited the amount of smoke which factories can 1. limited
_________
-> limiting

produce. Because there isn't enough information on the amount of smoke in 2. _________
Because -> Although
makes -> causes
the atmosphere, doctors have proved that air pollution makes lung cancer. The 3. _________
gases from the exhausts of cars have also risen air pollution in most cities. The 4. _________
risen -> increased

lead in petrol produces a poisoned gas which often collects in busy streets 5. _________
poisoned -> poisonous

surrounding by high buildings. Children who live in areas where there is a lot 6. _________
surrounding -> surrounded

of lead in the atmosphere cannot think as quick as other children and they are 7. _________
quick -> quickly

clumsy where they use their hands. There are long-term effects of pollution. If 8. _________
where -> when

the gases in the atmosphere continues to increase, the earth's climate will become 9. _________
continues -> continue

warmer. A lot of ice near the Poles may water and may cause serious floods. 10. ________
water -> melt

III. Use the given phrasal verbs to replace the underlined words/phrases in the sentences. Then
put the verbs in the correct form in the sentences.

come into fall through turn in draw up let on

go round do without make out take after turn down

draw up 1. Before we do anything else, we ought to prepare a plan of action.

turn in 2. It was getting late so I decided to go to bed.
came into 3. I believe that Diana has recently inherited a lot of money.
go round 4. Do you think there is enough food to feed everybody?
do without 5. If we can’t get any bread, we’ll just have to manage.
make out 6. He speaks very badly. I can’t understand what he’s saying.
let on 7. Don’t say anything to the children about the party. I want it to be a promise.
turned down 8. I was rejected for the army on the health ground.
fall though 9. We’ve made all the arrangements. Let’s hope our plans don’t fail.
take after 10. I resemble my mother. She was small with blond hair and had a terrible memory too.

IV. Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the gap in the sentences. Write
your answers on your answer sheet.
1. I’ll never forget the _________
humiliation I felt in the situation. (HUMILIATE)
strong-minded 2. She’s so ________ that she won’t let anything stand in the way of her ambition. (MIND)
3. That was a very ________
hurtful thing to say. (HURT)
uncharacteristic 4. It’s ______ of him to lose his temper like that – he’s usually very calm. (CHARACTER)
gate-crashed 5. He stood at the door to make sure that no one _______ the party. (GATE)

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V. Find a word that can be used appropriately in all three sentences.
turn
1. .....................................
1. Developments took a new ______ on Tuesday, with the stock market tumbling by 5.4%.
2. Mark admitted that he had spoken out of ______.
3. The _____ of the century found Europe in a state of turmoil.
2. .....................................
run
1. Why don’t more women ______ for public office?
2. Does your car ______ on unleaded petrol or diesel?
3. We are going to ______ a series of advertisements in the local paper.
sharp
3. .....................................
1. There was a very ______ contrast between the scenes of wealth I saw in some parts of the country
and the scenes of poverty I witnessed in others.
2. Trudy is a very ______ businesswoman and that is what has enabled her to make all the right
decisions for her company.
3. There was a very ______ bend in the road and for a moment I nearly lost control of the car.
4. .....................................
date
1. My cheque was returned, as I had forgotten to ______ it.
2. These traditional dances, though still popular today, ______ back to the Middle Ages.
3. Those hats Sally wears really ______ her; they’re like the ones my grandmother wore.
5. .....................................
sense
1. There’s no ______ in doing further research into time travel as it’s clearly never
going to be possible.
2. On entering the old castle, you get a real ______ of history and how life must have
been in the past.
3. Penny was so absorbed in the sci-fi novel that she had lost all ______ of time passing.

PART III. READING

I. Read the passage, then fill in the blank a suitable word.

The majority of lottery winners change their lives (1) __________

but little, and continue on their
settled way happy ever after. A couple of years ago, a Mr. David Horabin won a million. He had been
struggling to (2) _________
make a success of his dry-cleaning shop for the past 12 months. He accepted
his cheque in a small ceremony (3) ________ at the premises at 2.30, and by three o'clock he had
reopened for business. The reaction of Mr. Pasquale Consalvo who won $30 million in the New York
state lottery was very (4) _________.
similar He was unhappy not to be able to fulfil his desire to go to work
as (5) ___________
usual on the day he won. He also said that if the money made him (6) ____________
unhappy
he would give it back. In fact, the chances of his life being made a misery by his new-found wealth
are almost (7) _________
as slim though not quite as the sixty million-to-one odds he beat to take a
jackpot (8)________
that had remained unclaimed through six previous draws. Gambling small amounts
(9) __________ the lottery is a harmless if futile hobby. (10) __________,
on However gambling can become an
addiction, increasingly so as the activity becomes socially acceptable.

II. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
ANIMAL WATCH: VOICE FROM THE WILD
Are you in favor of taking part in the battle to save the world's wildlife? Animal Watch is the
book which will (1) ______ you in the fight for survival that faces many of our endangered animals
and show how they struggle on the edge of extinction. As you enjoy the book's 250 pages and over
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150 colour photographs, you will have the (2) ______ of knowing that part of your purchase money
is being used to help animals (3) ______. From the comfort of your armchair, you will be able to
observe the world's animals close-up and explore their habitats. You will also discover the terrible
results of human (4) ______ for land, flesh and skins.
Animal Watch is packed with fascinating facts. Did you know that polar bears cover their
black noses with their (5) ______ so they can hunt their prey in the snow without being seen, for
example? Or that for each orangutan which is captured, one has to die?
This superb (6) ______ has so impressed Britain's leading wildlife charity that it has been
chosen as Book of the Year, a title awarded to books which are considered to have made a major
contribution to wildlife conservation. You will find Animal Watch at a special low (7) ______ price
at all good bookshops, but hurry while (8) ______ last.
1. A. combine B. involve C. bring D. lead
2. A. satisfaction B. enjoyment C. virtue D. value
3. A. preserve B. conserve C. revive D. survive
4. A. greed B. interest C. care D. concern
5. A. feet B. claws C. paws D. toes
6. A. publicity B. periodical C. publication D. reference
7. A. beginning B. preparatory C. original D. introductory
8. A. stores B. stocks C. goods D. funds

III. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
The oceans are so vast and deep that until fairly recently, it was widely assumed that no matter
how much trash and chemicals humans dumped into them, the effects would be negligible.
Proponents of dumping in the oceans even had a catchphrase: "The solution to pollution is dilution”.
Today, we need look no further than the New Jersey-size dead zone that forms each summer
in the Mississippi River Delta, or the thousand-mile-wide swath of decomposing plastic in the
northern Pacific Ocean to see that this "dilution" policy has helped place a once flourishing ocean
ecosystem on the brink of collapse.
There is evidence that the oceans have suffered at the hands of mankind for millennia. But
recent studies show that degradation, particularly of shoreline areas, has accelerated dramatically in
the past three centuries as industrial discharge and run-off from farms and coastal cities have
increased.
Pollution is the introduction of harmful contaminants that are outside the norm for a given
ecosystem. Common man-made pollutants reaching the oceans include pesticides, herbicides,
chemical fertilizers, detergents, oil, sewage, plastics, and other solids. Many of these pollutants
collect at the ocean's depths, where they are consumed by small marine organisms and introduced
into the global food chain.
Many ocean pollutants are released into the environment far upstream from coastlines.
Nitrogen-rich fertilizers applied by farmers inland, for example, end up in local streams, rivers, and
groundwater and are eventually deposited in estuaries, bays, and deltas. These excess nutrients can
spawn massive blooms of algae that rob the water of oxygen, leaving areas where little or no marine
life can exist.
Solid wastes like bags, foam, and other items dumped into the oceans from land or by ships
at sea are frequently consumed, with often fatal effects, by marine mammals, fish, and birds that
mistake them for food. Discarded fishing nets drift for many years, ensnaring fish and mammals. In
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certain regions, ocean currents corral trillions of decomposing plastic items and other trash into
gigantic, swirling garbage patches. One in the North Pacific, known as the Pacific Trash Vortex, is
estimated to be the size of Texas.
Pollution is not always physical. In large bodies of water, sound waves can carry
undiminished for miles. The increased presence of loud or persistent sounds from ships, sonar
devices, oil rigs, and even from natural sources like earthquakes can disrupt the migration,
communication, and reproduction patterns of many marine animals, particularly aquatic mammals
like whales and dolphins.
(Source: http://www.oceannationalgeographic.com)
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Marine pollution and its many forms.
B. Noise and its disruptive effects on marine life.
C. Various kinds of harmful pollutants.
D. The end of the "dilution" era.
2. The word "negligible" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. serious B. insignificant C. unpredictable D. positive
3. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the "dilution" policy is related to _______.
A. dealing with the problems of water pollution
B. helping the ecosystem of the oceans flourish
C. neglecting the effects of dumping trash into the oceans
D. treating harmful materials in the oceans properly
4. The word "they" in paragraph 4 refers to _______.
A. ocean's depths B. man-made pollutants
C. marine organisms D. the oceans
5. The word "spawn" in paragraph 5 can be best replaced by _______.
A. appear B. prevent C. produce D. limit
6. According to the passage, nitrogen-rich fertilizers _______.
A. are created by massive blooms of algae
B. cause a shortage of oxygen in the ocean water
C. do not relate to the disappearance of marine life
D. cannot be found inland
7. Which of the following statements is NOT supported in the passage?
A. Many pollutants deposited in the oceans finally become part of the global food chain.
B. It is apparent that the oceans have been polluted for a long time.
C. Industrial wastes and agricultural run-off are blamed for the degradation of the oceans.
D. The oceans in the past were more contaminated than they are now.
8. Whales and dolphins are mentioned in the final paragraph as an example of marine creatures
that _______.
A. can communicate with each other via sound waves
B. can survive earthquakes because of their large bodies
C. suffer from loud or persistent sounds at sea
D. are forced to migrate because of water pollution

IV. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

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 Salinity is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water. If the salinity of ocean
waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these
small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity.
One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation-conversion of liquid
water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is
carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind. This, by the way, is how
much of the table salt we use is actually obtained.
The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the
ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of
high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus, salinity may be increased
by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation
or run off.
Normally in tropical regions where the Sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat
higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in
coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.
A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting
of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater
directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of
course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.
In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this
freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in
the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.
(Source: Toefl Reading Comprehension 4)
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The bodies of water of the world. B. The elements of salt.
C. The many forms of ocean life. D. The salinity of ocean water.
2. According to the passage, the ocean generally has more salt in _____ .
A. coastal areas B. tropical areas C. rainy areas D. turbulent areas
3. All of the following are processes that decrease salinity EXCEPT
A. evaporation B. precipitation C. run off D. melting
4. Which of the following statements about the salinity of a body of water can best be inferred from the
passage?
A. The temperature of the water is the most important factor.
B. How quickly the water moves is directly related to the amount of alt.
C. Ocean salinity has little effect on sea life.
D. Various factors combine to cause variations in the salt content of water.
5. The word "it" in paragraph 4 refers to which of the following?
A. Sea ice B. Salinity C. Seawater D. Manner
6. Why does the author mention the Weddell Sea?
A. To show that this body of water has salinity variations
B. To compare Antarctic waters with Arctic waters
C. To give an example of cold-water salinity
D. To point out the location of deep waters
7. Which of the following is NOT a result of the formation of ocean ice?
A. The salt remains in the water B. The surrounding water sinks
C. Water salinity decreases D. The water becomes denser
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8. What can be inferred about the water near the bottom of oceans?
A. It is relatively warm. B. Its salinity is relatively high.
C. It does not move. D. It is formed by melting sea ice.

PART IV: WRITING

I. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the
sentence printed before it.
1. The phone stopped ringing the moment I got down stairs.
àNo sooner _______________________________________________
had I got downstairs than the phone stopped ringing.

2. He is determined to carry on working when he is 65.

àHe has no ________________________________________________
intention of giving up working/ retiring when he is 65.

3. He was very sorry that he didn’t see Audrey on her trip to London.
àHe greatly ______________________________________________
regretted not seeing Audrey on her trip to London.

4. She agreed to go out to dinner with him because she assumed he was not married.
àHad she __________________________________________________
known that he was married, she would not have agreed to go out to dinner with him.

5. Everyone was surprised that the singer had very little money when he died.
àThe singer had _____________________________________________
very little money left when he died, which surprised everybody.

II. Rewrite the following sentences using the words given.

1. He really upset everyone when he told them his secret. (PIGEONS)
è He_______________________________________________________________
really out the cat among the pigeons when he told them his secret
2. Your attitude will have to change if you want to succeed. (LEAF)
è You will __________________________________________________________
have to turn over a new leaf if you want to succeed.
3. You may think you are talented but horses will always show you are not. (PEG)
è No matter__________________________________________________________
how talented you think you are, horses will always bring you down a peg or two.
4. I avoided mentioning Jack’s demotion as I realised that it might upset him. (SLEEPING)
è Realising __________________________________________________________
that mentioning Jack's demotion might upset him, I let sleeping dogs lie.
5. Susan is far superior to me in terms of technical knowledge. (MATCH)
è When it comes to ___________________________________________________
technical knowledge, I am no match for Susan.

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