Physical Science

Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Wave Properties of Light
Personal Development
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2– Module 5: Wave Properties of Light
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

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Development Team of the Module

Authors: Helen Grace L. Cabalag
Editors: Joey H. Villanueva, Arlene C. Malaybalay
Reviewers: Tommy R. Rico, Emiterio D. Macarubbo, Maricris N. Surigao
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 Physical Science
Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Wave Properties of
Light
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to Physical Science Grade 11/12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module
on Wave Properties of Light!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed to assist the
teachers/facilitators in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in
schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st - century skills while taking into consideration their
needs.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners
as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to Physical Science 11/12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Wave Properties of Light.

Our hand is one of the most represented parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action, and purpose. With our hands, we create, accomplish and learn.
Hence, you are capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be able to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes activity that will check

what you already know about the lesson. If
you get all the correct answer (100%), you
may decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity, or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentences/paragraphs to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

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 What I Can Do This section provides an activity that will help
you transfer your new knowledge or skills
into real-life situations.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next activity.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed to help you learn the wave properties of light. It is
composed of activities that will make your learning process a more productive one.

CONTENT STANDARD: The learners demonstrate an understanding of light as a

wave and as a particle.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD: The learners should be able to design and create

a useful product for practical purposes that uses
mirrors and lenses

LEARNING COMPETENCIES: Cite experimental evidence showing that electrons

can behave like waves
CODE: S11/12PS-IVg-64
Differentiate dispersion, scattering, interference, and
diffraction
CODE: S11/12PS-IVh-65

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Wave Behavior of Electrons
• Lesson 2 – Wave Properties of Light

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the experimental evidence proving that electron behave as waves;
2. Determine the significant explanations regarding the electron double-slit
experiment; and
3. Differentiate dispersion, scattering, interference, and diffraction.
 What I Know

Multiple Choice:
DIRECTIONS: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following supports the wave nature of electrons?

A. Blue light is used in a double-slit experiment.
B. X-rays are used in crystallization.
C. Water is heated to 1000C in a pot.
D. An electron enters a parallel plate capacitor which deflects the electrons
downward.

2. What is the importance of projecting electrons one at a time

in the conduct of the double-slit experiment?
A. The detector needs time to reset to detect the next electron.
B. The slits are too narrow to allow two electrons to pass at the same time.
C. This prevented the electrons from interacting with each other.
D. Time is needed to generate more electrons.

3. Which will not happen to electrons based on the double-slit experiment?

A. They sometimes behave like waves and particles.
B. They split in half and go through both slits simultaneously.
C. They behave like particles, but they are waves.
D. They are both waves and particles at the same time.

4. Which is seen on the screen detector in the electron double-slit experiment?

A. white bands
B. dark bands
C. monochromatic light
D. alternating white and dark bands

5. Which of the following observations in the double-slit experiment led to the

conclusion that electrons behave like waves?
A. Electrons spread-out
B. Electrons form diffraction patterns
C. Electrons build up an interference pattern
D. Electrons remain at specific locations and build up a distribution pattern

6. It best describes how waves behave when they occupy the same location at the
same time?
A. A crest overlapping with a crest will constructively interfere to produce a smaller
wave
B. A crest overlapping with a trough will constructively interfere to produce a smaller
wave
C. A trough overlapping with a trough will constructively interfere to produce a bigger
wave.
D. A trough overlapping with a trough will destructively interfere to produce a bigger
wave.

For questions 7-10, match the wave properties of light from Column A with the
definitions given in Column B.
A B
7 Dispersion A. It refers to the bending of light around an
obstacle
8 Scattering B. It is a combination of two or more waves.

9 Interference C. It is the splitting of white light into its

component colors.
10 Diffraction D. The deflection of light by minute particles and
molecules in all directions.
11. What color is bent the least during dispersion?
A. red B. blue C. orange D. violet

12. What are the components of a white light?

A. red, blue, yellow C. indigo, blue, violet
B. magenta, cyan, yellow D. ROYGBIV colors

13. What will happen if the crest of one wave will interfere constructively with the
crest of the second wave?
A. It will produce a large upward displacement.
B. It will produce a large downward displacement.
C. The two waves will cancel out.
D. Nothing will happen.

14. Which of the following is an indicator of interference?

A. clear image
B. dark bands
C. monochromatic light
D. alternating white and dark bands

15. Which of the following best explains the scattering of light?

A. Light rays are scattered because they travel in a straight line.
B. Light rays are dispersed because of diffuse reflection.
C. Light rays are scattered because of dust particles and gas molecules in the
atmosphere.
D. Light rays are dispersed because there is an overlapping of waves.
 Lesson

1 Wave Behavior of Electrons

What’s In

To help you fully understand the wave behavior of electrons, you must first
understand the dual nature of light. Test your ability and apply the principles you
have learned in the previous lesson by completing the sentences below. Choose your
answer from the parentheses.

Light has a _________ (single, dual) nature. Sometimes, it behaves like a

particle called ______ (proton, photon). Light's particle-like traits are best explained by

the ______________ (photoelectric effect, scattering of light), the theory that

___________________ (Thomas Young, Albert Einstein) won his Nobel Prize for.

Light also behaves like a wave, which explains how it ______ (reflects, refracts)

or how it bounces off in an obstacle. This results in the formation of an ________

(image, object) in a mirrored surface. Light, like any wave, is known to undergo

___________ (reflection, refraction) when it passes from one medium to another

medium with different optical densities. A light wave will bend _________ (towards,

away) the normal when it passes from an optically denser to a less dense medium.

On the other hand, if it is moving from a less dense to a denser medium, the

wavefront will bend ___________ (towards, away from) the normal.

 What’s New

Sir John Joseph Thompson and his son, George Thompson, shared one
common thing, their scientific discoveries with electrons.
Sir Joseph John Thomson won a Nobel prize with his discovery of the
electron, the first subatomic particle to be discovered. His son, George Thompson,
won a Nobel prize for his discovery of the wave properties of an electron by diffraction.

Electron is Electron is
a particle! a wave!

https://en.wikipedia.or
https://upload.wikime g/wiki/George_Paget_
dia.org/wikipedia/com Thomson#/media/File:
mons/thumb/c/c1/J.J_ George_Paget_Thomso
Thomson.jpg/461px- Who is right, the father or the son? n.jpg
J.J_Thomson.jpg

What is It

After learning that light could behave like a particle and a wave, it is
understood that electron is both a particle and a wave at the same time. There are a
lot of evidence to prove that electrons behave like particles. An electron is a type of
subatomic particle which has a definite mass and definite charge and is often
portrayed as a solid particle orbiting a nucleus of an atom.
But, what evidence supports the idea that electrons behave like waves? It is
the double-slit experiment by Thomas Young. In this experiment, electrons are
fired at a barrier with two narrow slits either simultaneously or one at a time. A
detector screen was place to see the result. After passing through the narrow slits,
an interference pattern was formed on the screen. Interference patterns are series
of alternating bright and dark bands that are more of a characteristic of waves, rather
than of particles.
 What’s More

In this activity, you will use the double-slit experiment to investigate the
nature of electrons by comparing it to classical objects and waves.
Part I.
Materials: paper cup, sand grains, cutter, bond paper, ruler.
Procedures:
1. Make two narrow slits, 1.0 cm apart at the central bottom part of the paper
cup.

Photo credits: Helen Grace L. Cabalag 2020

2. Put a bond paper at the table. Hold the paper cup at the top of the bond paper.
The bottom of the paper cup needs to be approximately 0.5 cm from the paper-
covered tabletop.
3. Pour sand through the paper cup and observe.
Guide Questions:
1. Sketch your prediction of how the sand will pile up after it passed through the
slits. Draw the profile of the sand and how it looked when viewed from the side.
Show the slits in your diagram.
2. Does the profile of the sand matched your prediction? Why does the sand form
the observed shape?
3. How do two grains of sand interact when they arrive in the same location at the
same time?
Part II. The illustration below is a representation of the double-slit experiment
conducted to electrons.
 1. Based on the figure, what is produced on the
screen?
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/c
2. Based on the previous lessons on the duality of a light wave, what does
ommons/c/cd/Double-slit.svg2020
interference indicate?
3. Imagine if the sand in Part 1 are electrons, how will these interact when they
arrive in the same location at the same time?
4. In an actual electron double-slit experiment, scientists assumed that
electrons are bumping into each other (just like the sand grains) thus,
creating the patterns on the screen. So, electrons are shoot one at a time to
avoid collision of electrons. But the same results happened. Based on this,
formulate a statement that describes an electron's behavior.

Lesson

2 Wave Properties of Light

What’s New

Light is all around us. It allows us to see in the dark. Its properties are
important in many aspects of our lives. Read the poem below and determine the wave
properties.
WAVE PROPERTIES OF LIGHT
Helen Grace L. Cabalag, 2020

Light rays are separated

In the prism, they are refracted
White light becomes diffused.
ROYGBIV colors are produced.
 Light rays spread in all directions
Deflected in its projections
Dust particles are the reasons.
That led to its path deviations.

When light rays combined,

They overlapped and twine
Constructive or destructive it will be
Bigger or smaller waves you will see.

When light rays are trying to pass

Through openings and gaps
Bending around the slits
Spreading more in narrow breaks.

What is It

The following are some of the wave properties of light.

Dispersion is the separation of white light into a spectrum of colors by the

process of refraction. In this process, when white light passes from air into a glass
prism, it splits into rainbow colors, ROYGBIV. Among these colors, violet bends the
most, and red bends the least.

Scattering is the process where light rays deviate from its path due to non-
uniformities in the medium through which they pass. These non-uniformities include
dust particles, gas molecules, droplets, etc.

Interference is a phenomenon that occurs when two light waves meet while
traveling along with the same medium. Superposition principle is the basic principle
used in the interference of light. Incoming light waves can either superimpose
constructively or destructively. If they combine constructively, the intensity increases
while when they add destructively, it decreases.
Types of Interference:
A. Constructive Interference - occurs at any location along with the
medium where the two interfering waves have a displacement in the same direction.
For example, the crest of one wave meets the crest of a second wave, they will
interfere in such a manner as to produce a "super-crest." Similarly, interference of a
trough and a trough produces a "super-trough”. In this case, the intensity of the
wave increases.
B. Destructive Interference - occurs when two interfering waves are with
opposite displacements. For example, a crest meets with a trough. Destructive
interference often decreases the resulting displacement of a wave.

Diffraction is a process in which a light ray travels through an obstacle or

around a barrier and it spreads out as a result. For example, sending light rays
through a slit will spread it out that makes a wider stream of light. The smaller the
slit, the greater the diffraction effect. Diffraction also produces interference patterns.

What’s More

Ray diagrams are valuable tools in determining the movement of the incident
and reflected rays taken by light. In this activity, determine the property of light
illustrated in each diagram. Choose from the following
A. dispersion B. scattering C. interference D. diffraction

light source
light source light source

1.

3.
2.
 What I Have Learned

Complete the following sentences to summarize the important concepts discussed in

this module.

1. The wave behavior of electrons is supported using the ____________ experiment.

2. There are several wave properties of light namely: dispersion, scattering,
__________ and diffraction.
3. _____________ is the splitting of white light into rainbow colors upon passing
through a glass prism.
4. ______________ is the deflection of light by the dust particles and gas molecules.
5. _______________ is the superposition or the meeting of two waves. It can either
be ____________ or _________________.
6. _________________ is the bending of light around an obstacle.
 What I Can Do

THE WORLD OF COLORS

Materials: flashlight, red, green and blue lego blocks and cellophane

Procedures:
1. Do the activity in a dark room.
2. Turn on the flashlight. Point the rays to the three legos. Observe.
What is the color of the light emitted by the flashlight? What is the
color of the three lego blocks?
3. Cover the flashlight with a red cellophane. Point the light rays to the
three legos. Observe. Repeat this procedure using the green and blue
cellophane.
4. Consolidate the results in the data table below.

Color of Color of the light emitted by the

the Lego flashlight
white red blue green
Red
Blue
green

Critical Thinking Questions:

1. What can you conclude from these observations? Explain in detail.
2. What will be the color of the Lego if orange and violet light will be
used?
3. Choose one property of light that you learned and relate it to this
dispersion activity. Explain briefly.
 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following supports the wave nature of electrons?
A. dispersion of white light in a prism
B. double-slit experiment
C. image formation in a mirror
D. diffraction grating
2. What scenario will result in the formation of interference patterns?
A. Blue light is used in a double-slit experiment.
B. X-rays are used in crystallization.
C. Water is heated to 1000C in a pot.
D. An electron enters a parallel plate capacitor which deflects the electrons
downward.
3. What is the reason in one at a time projection of electrons in the conduct of the
double-slit experiment?
A. The detector needs time to reset to detect the next electron.
B. The slits are too narrow to allow two electrons to pass at the same time.
C. This prevented the electrons from interacting with each other.
D. Time is needed to generate more electrons.
4. What is seen on the screen detector in the electron double-slit experiment?
A. white bands
B. dark bands
C. monochromatic light
D. alternating white and dark bands
5. What observations in the double-slit experiment led to the conclusion that
electrons behave like waves?
A. Electrons spread-out.
B. Electrons form diffraction patterns.
C. Electrons build up an interference pattern.
D. Electrons remain at specific locations.
6. Which statement best describes how waves behave when they occupy the same
location at the same time?
A. A crest overlapping with a crest will constructively interfere to produce a smaller
wave
B. A crest overlapping with a trough will constructively interfere to produce a smaller
wave
C. A trough overlapping with a trough will constructively interfere to produce a bigger
wave.
D. A trough overlapping with a trough will destructively interfere to produce a bigger
wave.
For nos. 7-10, refer to the following choices.
A. Dispersion B. Scattering C. Interference D. Diffraction
7. It refers to the bending of light around an obstacle.
8. It is a combination of two or more waves.
9. It is the splitting of white light into its component colors.
10. It is the deflection of light in all directions by minute particles and molecules.
11. What color of light deviates greatly in the dispersion of white light by a prism?
A. Violet B. Blue C. Green D. Red
12. What property of light is responsible for the alternating light and dark bands
when light passes through two or more narrow slits?
A. Refraction B. polarization C. diffraction D. interference
13. Which is responsible for the spreading of light as it passes through a narrow
slit?
A. refraction B. polarization C. diffraction D. interference
14. What is the main principle used in interference?
A. Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
B. Superposition Principle
C. Quantum Mechanics
D. Fermi Principle
15. What will happen to the amplitude of the resulting wave if two waves of the
same amplitude add constructively?
A. It will double.
B. It will decreases in half.
C. It will become 4x.
D. It will become one-fourth.
 Additional Activities

ACTIVITY 1 – RAINBOW CD
Make your prism by lighting the back of a CD. Be patient with your experiment
until you get the right angle. Draw what you have observed.

ACTIVITY 2 – “WAVES, LET’S MEET”

Directions: The sets of waves at the left represent two waves traveling at the same
time. Predict what will happen to the waves upon superposition. Draw the
corresponding wave output on the grid at the right. Identify if it is constructive or
destructive interference.

1.

Photo credits: Helen Grace L. Cabalag 2020

2.

Photo credits: Helen Grace L. Cabalag 2020

QUESTION:
Which of the two sets of waves would produce a bigger wave? a smaller wave?
Explain your answer.
What I Know What's More Assessment
1. A Lesson 1 Part I 1. B
2. C 2. A
3. B 3. C
4. D 4. D
5. C 1. 5. C
2. Answers will vary.
6. C 6. C
The sand piled up.
7. C 3. They collide 7. D
8. D Part II 8. C
9. B 1. Alternating bright 9. A
10.A and dark bands 10.B
2. Light is a wave
11.A 3. They will collide
11.A
12.D 4. Electron travels as 12.D
13.A waves. 13.C
14.D Lesson 2 14.B
15.C 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 15.A
Answer Key
References

http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/images/perimeter_explorations/dark_matter/pi_
quantum_booklet.pdf Accessed on July, 2020
https://i.pinimg.com/564x/f8/e8/52/f8e852e02fa7512d13985cffd568d77b.jpg
Accessed on July, 2020

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/light/Lesson-1/Wavelike-Behaviors-of-
Light Accessed on July, 2020

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:George_Paget_Thomson.jpg
George_Paget_Thomson.jpg (280 × 396 pixels, file size: 62 KB, MIME
type: image/jpeg) Accessed on July, 2020

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._J._Thomson#/media/File:J.J_Thomson.jpg
Created: GWS - The Great War: The Standard History of the All Europe Conflict
(volume four) edited by H. W. Wilson and J. A. Hammerton (Amalgamated Press,
London 1915) Accessed on July, 2020

https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/part-multiple-
choice-2-points-1-light-usually-thought-wave-like-nature-electrons-particle--
q50472767 Accessed on July, 2020

http://www.sliderbase.com/spitem-101-1.html Accessed on July, 2020

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Double-slit.svg2020
Accessed on July, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASEdGwpyn58&t=259s Accessed on July,
2020
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