UPCAT Set 1

Mathematics
Answer Key
1. Answer: A.
If you think of distance above sea level as a positive number, then you must think of going
below sea level as a negative number. Going up is in the positive direction, while going down is
in the negative direction. Give all the descending distances a negative sign and the ascending
distances a positive sign.
The resulting numerical expression would be as follows: −80 + +25 + −12 + +52
Because addition is commutative, you can associate like-signed numbers: (−80 + −12) + (+25 +
+52)
Evaluate the numerical expression in each parentheses: [−80 + −12 = −92] [ +25 + +52 = +77]
Substitute the values into the numerical expression: (−92) + (+77)
Signs different? Subtract the value of the numbers and give the result the sign of the higher
value number. [92 − 77 = 15]
The diver took his rest stop at −15 feet.

2. Answer: D.
Substitute the values for the variables into the expression.
1 (6)
( ) {( − 3 ) − 4(3)}
2 2
Evaluate the expression in the innermost parentheses.
(6) 6
[( − 3) = − 3]
2 2
PEMDAS: Division before subtraction. Substitute the result into the numerical expression.
6
[ − 3 = 3 − 3 = 0]
2
1
( ){(0) − 4(3)}
2

Evaluate the expression inside the parentheses.

[{0 − 4(3)} = 0 − 4 · 3]
PEMDAS: Multiply before subtraction.
[0 − 4 · 3 = 0 − 12]

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 UPCAT Set 1
Mathematics
Answer Key
Change subtraction to addition and the sign of the term that follows.
[0 − 12 = 0 + −12 = −12]
Substitute the result into the numerical expression
1 1
( ){−12} = · −12
2 2

Signs different? Multiply numbers and give the result a negative sign.
1
[ · 12 = 6]
2
1
· −12 = −6
2
𝑥
The simplified value of the expression is as follows: y{( − 3) − 4a} = -6
2

3. Answer: D.
To solve this problem, choose an even integer for x and an odd integer for y and evaluate each
of the answer choices. Set x = 0 and y = 1 → only x + y + 2 will evaluate to an odd integer.

4. Answer: A.
35% of 15% of a number is 0.35 * 0.15 of that number:
0.35 * 0.15 = 0.0525x

5. Answer: D.
Translate the given expressions into equations:
x * 0.6 = 12
x = 20
20 * 1.65 = 33

6. Answer: C.
4
Add 5 to both sides of the inequality. x − 5 + 5 > x − 2 + 5
3

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 UPCAT Set 1
Mathematics
Answer Key
4
Simplify. x > x + 3
3

Subtract 1x from both sides of the inequality.

4
x−x>x−x+3
3
4 3
x− x>x−x+3
3 3

Simplify the expressions.

1
x>3
3

Multiply both sides of the inequality by 3.

1
3( x) > 3(3)
3
3 1
( x) > 3 (3)
1 3

Simplify the expressions. x > 9

7. Answer: D.
Divide both sides of the equation by 3.
24𝑥 2 3(43𝑥 − 15)
=
3 3
Simplify terms. 8x2 = 43x – 15
Add (15 − 43x) to both sides of the equation. 8x2 + 15 − 43x = 43x − 15 + 15 − 43x
Combine like terms. 8x2 + 15 − 43x = 0
Use the commutative property to move terms. 8x 2 − 43x + 15 = 0
Factor the trinomial expression. (8x − 3)(x − 5) = 0
Using the zero product property, add 3 to both sides and divide by 8.
8x − 3 = 0
8𝑥 3
=
8 8
3
Simplify terms. x =
8

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 UPCAT Set 1
Mathematics
Answer Key
Now let the second factor equal zero. x − 5 = 0
Add 5 to both sides. x = 5
3
The solutions for the quadratic equation 24x 2 = 3(43x − 15) are x = and x = 5.
8

8. Answer: B.
If the price is no less than 100 Dollars, then the price is either equal to or greater than 100
Dollars.
x ≥ 100

9. Answer: D.
Substitute the coordinates of the given points in the given equation and check which one gives a
false statement.
Point (9,- 6) : - 6 = -(9) + 3 , - 6 = - 6 , true , point lies on the line
Point (3,0) : 0 = - (3) + 3 , 0 = 0 , true , point lies on the line
Point (-2,5) : 5 = - (-2) + 3 , 5 = 5 , true , point lies on the line
Point (2,2) : 2 = - (2) + 3 , 2 = 1 , false , point DOES NOT lie on the line

10. Answer: C.
For the relation in C, when x = 2, there are two possible values of y: 3 or 7 and therefore the
relation in C is not a function.

11. Answer: D.
We may use the Associative property of multiplication to write
3(x y) = (3 x)y

12. Answer: D.
Solve the inequality

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 UPCAT Set 1
Mathematics
Answer Key
-7x + 6 ≤ -8 , given
-7x + 6 - 6 ≤ -8 - 6 , add - 6 to both sides
-7x ≤ - 14 , simplify
-7x / -7 ≥ -14 / -7 , divide by - 7 and CHANGE symbol of inequality
x ≥ 2 , solution set
The answer to the question is D since 2 is greater that or equal to 2.

13. Answer: A.
We first rewrite the given equation in the form
|-2x - 5| = k + 3
The term |-2x - 5| is either positive or equal to zero. Therefore the above equation has no
solutions whenever the expression k + 3 is negative. The values of k for which the above
equation has no solutions are solutions of the inequality
k + 3 < 0 or k < - 3
The answer is A since - 5 is less than - 3.

14. Answer: D

1 1 1 1 1
I. √𝑥 < x : if x = , √ < → < (false)
4 4 4 2 4

1 1 1 1 1
II. x2 > x : if x = , ( )2 > → > (false)
2 2 2 4 2

1 1 1 1 1
III. x2 > √𝑥 : if x = , ( )2 > √ → > (false)
4 4 4 16 2

None of the above is true.

15. Answer: D.
4x2 + 7x + 3 = 2k
a=4

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 UPCAT Set 1
Mathematics
Answer Key
b=7
c=3–2k
b2 – 4ac = 0
72 – 4(4)(3 - 2k) = 0
49 – 48 + 32k = 0
1
k=-
32

16. Answer: A.
𝑦2 −𝑦1 8−1 7
m= = =
𝑥2 −𝑥2 6−0 6

17. Answer: A.
Here we are given a system of equations and asked to solve in terms of one of the given
variables. It is important to note that we are looking for 3b and not solving for b alone. We will
begin by solving for c in terms of a using the first equation. We will then substitute this value into
the second equation so as to eliminate the c variable and be left with only a’s and b’s. We will
then solve for 3b:

Here we will multiply both sides by 3 so we have our target value of 3b on one side, and we will
then simplify the expression on the other side:
3b = 2(5 − a)

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 UPCAT Set 1
Mathematics
Answer Key
= 10 − 2a
18. Answer: C.
A. The sum of two odd integers. 15 + 15 = 30, 30 ÷ 10 = 3 (odd integer)
B. The product of two prime numbers. 2 x 5 = 10, 10 ÷ 10 = 1 (odd integer)
C. The product of two odd integers. 3 x 5 = 15, 15 ÷ 10 = 1.5 (not an integer)
D. The sum of three consecutive integers. 9 + 10 + 11 = 30, 30 ÷ 10 = 3 (odd integer)

19. Answer: B.
2 - | - 2 | = 2 - 2 , since | - 2 | = 2
= 1 / 2 2 , since a -n = 1 / an
= 1/4 = 0.25

20. Answer: B.
Substitute x by -2 in f(x) as follows
f(-2) = 4(-2)3 - 4(-2)2 + 10
= 4(-8) - 4(4) + 10 = - 32 - 16 + 10 = - 38

21. Answer: D.
The two lines intersect at the point (3 , -4) which is in quadrant IV.

22. Answer: D.
Use the distributive property of multiplication. 3(1) − 3(3x) ≥ −3(x) − 3(27)
Simplify terms. 3 − 9x ≥ −3x − 81
Add 9x to both sides. 3 − 9x + 9x ≥ 9x − 3x − 81
Combine like terms. 3 ≥ 6x − 81
Add 81 to both sides of the inequality. 3 + 81 ≥ 6x − 81 + 81

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 UPCAT Set 1
Mathematics
Answer Key
Combine like terms. 84 ≥ 6x
84 6𝑥
Divide both sides of the inequality by 6. ≥
6 6

Simplify. 14 ≥ x

23. Answer: C.
Multiply the exponents of each factor inside the parentheses by the exponent outside the
parentheses.
32x2y10 – 11x2y242y8
Use the commutative property of multiplication.
32x2y10 – 11 × 42x2y2y8
When similar factors, or bases, are multiplied, add the exponents of the variables.
32x2y10 – 11 × 16 x2y10
Evaluate numerical factors.
9x2y10 – 176x2y10
Combine like terms.
−167x2y10

24. Answer: A.
This expression can be factored using the trinomial method.
The factors of v4 are (v2)(v2), and the factors of 48 are (1)(48) or (2)(24) or (3)(16) or (4)(12) or
(6)(8).
Only the product of a positive and a negative numerical term will result in −48. The only factors
of 48 that can be added or subtracted in any way to equal 13 are 3 and 16.
Use 3 and 16 and a positive and negative sign in the terms of the trinomial factors. Check your
answer using FOIL.
(v2 + 3)(v2 − 16) = v4 − 16v2 + 3v2 − 48 = v4 − 13v – 48
You may notice that one of the two factors of the trinomial expression can itself be factored. The
second term is the difference of two perfect squares.

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 UPCAT Set 1
Mathematics
Answer Key
Factor (v2 − 16) using the form for factoring the difference of two perfect squares.
(v + 4)(v − 4) = v2 − 4v + 4v − 16 = v2 – 16
This now makes the complete factorization of v 4 − 13v2 − 48 = (v2 + 3)(v + 4)(v − 4).

25. Answer: D.
For this expression, use the product property of radicals and combine the factors in the radicand
and outside the radical signs.

(9√𝑎 2 𝑏)(3a√𝑏) = 9 x 3a√𝑎 2 𝑏 𝑥 𝑏 = 27a√𝑎 2 𝑏 2 = 27a x ab = 27a2b

26. Answer: B.
16 – x2 ≥ 0
x2 – 16 ≤ 0 → (x – 4)(x + 4) ≤ 0 → -4 ≤ x ≤ 4

27. Answer: B.
P = 2L + 2W
L = (P – 2W) ÷ 2
= [(16x + 8y) – 2 (5x – 2y)] ÷ 2
= [16x + 8y – 10x + 4y] ÷ 2
= [6x + 12y] ÷ 2
L = 3x + 6y

28. Answer: C.
𝑥2 1
- kx + k = 0 → a = , b = - k, c = k
𝑘 𝑘

It has two real roots if b2 – 4ac > 0

1
(- k)2 – 4( )(k) > 0 → k2 – 4 > 0 → (k – 2)(k + 2) > 0 → k < - 2 or k > 2
𝑘

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 UPCAT Set 1
Mathematics
Answer Key

29. Answer: D
The most straightforward method for solving problems of this type is to begin by supplying our
own initial value prior to any increase or decrease in profits. Because percents are essentially a
division by 100, choosing 100 as our starting value for any percent problem is wise. We are told
that for the first year, the percent rose by 12%, so:
100 * 0.12 = 12
So at the start of 2011, the company now has 112, for which there is another increase of 18%,
so:
112 * 0.18 = 20.16
Final amount in 2012 = 112 + 20.16 = 132.16
To find the overall percent increase, we find the total increase, then divide this value by the
original amount, so:
132.16 − 100 = 32.16
32.16 ÷ 100 = 0.32
= 32%.

30. Answer: D.
92x + 5 = 81x + 1 → 92x + 5 = (92)x + 1
→ 92x + 5 = (9)2x + 2
2x + 5 = 2x + 2
5 = 2 (no solution)

31. Answer: C.
In order to find the average of the set of solutions, we must first solve the inequality:
−6 < −2x + 4 < 6
→ −10 < −2x < 2
→ 5 > x > −1

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 UPCAT Set 1
Mathematics
Answer Key
There are a few things to remember when working with absolute values and inequalities. In
order to eliminate the absolute value lines, we must be sure that we are considering both the
positive and negative distance from 0 in the inequality, an easy way to take care of this is to
remove the absolute value lines and treat the expression as if it is also greater than the opposite
of the value it is smaller than, for example: −6 < −2x + 4 < 6.
Another important thing to remember is that when multiplying or dividing an inequality by a
negative value, we must switch the directions of any/all inequality signs, for example:

Now that we have the solution set, we can find its average by summing the extreme values and
dividing by 2:

32. Answer: D.
To solve this, set x = 100 and perform the operations. One hundred is a great number to choose
here because 1% of 100 is 1.
100 − 0.4 * 100 = 60
60 + 0.25 * 60 = 75
Because x = 100 was our initial value, we want to choose the answer choice that gives us 75
when we substitute 100 for x, 0.75 * 100 = 75, so answer choice (D) is correct.

33. Answer: B.
Recall order of operations and the distributive property to answer this question. The second
bracket simplifies to z − x + y and to this we multiply (x + y). Begin by distributing the x through
(z − x + y) and to this add the distribution of y through (z − x + y) to get the answer.

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 UPCAT Set 1
Mathematics
Answer Key
34. Answer: B.
We can either use the system of equations to solve for x and y individually to find that x = 5 and
y = 2 which gives 25 − 4 = 21, or we can see that if we multiply (x + y) and (x − y) we will be left
with x2 − y2, 7 * 3 = 21.

35. Answer: A.
To solve this problem we will substitute (x + h) for every x in our function ƒ(x):
ƒ(x +h) = (x +h)2 + 2(x +h) + 2.
Evaluate the expression using the distributive property to arrive at:
x2 + 2x + 2xh + 2h + h2 + 2.

36. Answer: C.
Recall midpoint formula is the average of the x values and the average of the y values in (x,y)
coordinate form.
First find the x coordinate midpoint:
(10 + (−2)) ÷ 2
=4
Then find the y coordinate midpoint:
(9 + (−4)) ÷ 2
=2.5
Add them together to get the sum:
4 + 2.5 = 6.5

37. Answer: A.
Because we are presented with a pie chart, we know the percentages spent on each
department will add up to 100%, meaning the remaining expenditures represent 26% of all
expenditures. We can set up a proportion between the 19% spent on R&D and the 26% spent
on others. 19/26 = x/12,250. Cross multiply to solve for x to find 8951.9 which rounds to 8952.

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 UPCAT Set 1
Mathematics
Answer Key
38. Answer: A.
Note that logbbx = x, logbb0 = 0 and logb1 = 0
log 16x = log8 1 = 0
log 16x = 0
16x = 100 = 1
16x = 160
x=0

39. Answer: A.
Recall that the x-intercept of a function is where the function output ƒ(x) = 0. So we begin by
setting our function equal to 0 and solving for the target variable x:
ƒ(x) = 0 = x³ + 3x² − x − 3
The problem here is that we are most familiar with solving for x when given a linear or a
quadratic function and may not easily recall how to factor polynomials of degree 3. However,
with some rearranging of terms, we may get a better idea of how to proceed:
(x³ + 3x²) + (−x − 3)
→ x²(x + 3) − 1(x + 3)
→ (x + 3)(x² − 1) = 0
By grouping our terms together we can find commonalities to factor out to finally arrive at an
expression that enables us to directly solve for x. Setting each of the parentheses equal to 0:
x + 3 = 0, x² − 1 = 0
→ x = −3, x = −1, x = 1
Recall that x² − 1 is a difference of squares.
Alternatively, if ‘a’ is a root of a polynomial function, then ƒ(a) = 0. We can plug the answer
choices into the function to see which answer choice has three values that all yield zero when
plugged into the function. Only answer choice (A) works.

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 UPCAT Set 1
Mathematics
Answer Key
40. Answer: B.
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 ө−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ө 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 ө 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ө 1 1
= − = − 2 = csc2ө – cot2ө = 1
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 ө 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ө 2 2
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ө 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ө 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 ө 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ө 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ө 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ө

41. Answer: C.
Here we are required to initially substitute the known values of a and b into the expressions
provided before finding the difference. Substituting the values of a and b into the first expression
gives:
(−13)(4) + 3(4)
= −4 + 12
=8
Substituting the values of a and b into the second expression gives:
(−13)(4) + 3(4)0
= −4 + 3(1)
= −4 + 3
= −1
The difference between the two expressions is 8 − (−1) = 9
Recall that any number (other than 0) to the 0 power is 1 and that subtracting a negative is the
same as adding.

42. Answer: B.
Evaluate the expression to find the most simplified form. First evaluate the coefficients:
4 * 2 * 1⁄3 * 1⁄4 = 2⁄3
x * x2 = x3
y * y2 * y2 = y5
z * z3 * z = z5
Combine each of these terms to get answer choice (B).

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 UPCAT Set 1
Mathematics
Answer Key
43. Answer: C.
| 2(x – 1) – 15 | = 7
| 2x – 2 – 15 | = 7
| 2x – 17 | = 7
2x – 17 = – 7 and 2x – 17 = 7
2x = 10 and 2x = 24
x = 5 and x = 12
The solution set: { 5,12 }

44. Answer: C.
For this question, you have to examine all the answer options individually in order to eliminate
all those that cannot be true. First, if x is positive and y is negative, their product must be
negative, so (A) is incorrect.
Next, the sum of a positive and a negative number could be either positive or negative,
depending on which number has the greater absolute value; this rules out (B) because it’s not
always true.
Similar reasoning applies to choice (D) as well. However, both positive and negative real
numbers have positive squares, and adding those positive squares will always yield a positive
number, so (C) is correct.

45. Answer: C.
From the chart, we can see that Store X had 80 (thousand) in profits and Store Z had 100
(thousand) in profits. Combining these two, we arrive at 180 (thousand) in profits.

46. Answer: B.
We solve this problem by replacing every x in h(x) with 2x − 3 and evaluating the expression:
h(2x − 3) = 3(2x − 3) + 4
= 6x − 9 + 4
= 6x – 5

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 UPCAT Set 1
Mathematics
Answer Key

47. Answer: A
Let a = -0.9 and b = -0.1
A. b – a = (-0.1) – (- 0.9) = 0.8
B. a + b = (-0.1) + (-0.9) = -1.0
C. a – b = (-0.9) – (-0.1) = -0.8
D. 2b – a = 2(-0.1) – (-0.9) = 0.7

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 UPCAT Set 2
Mathematics
Answer Key
1. Answer: C.
This question is really asking for the perimeter of the field. Add up all of the sides to find the
perimeter:
(125 * 2) + (200 * 2) = 650

2. Answer: B.
Only one line can pass through a point and be parallel to an existing line.

3. Answer: B.
An infinite number of lines can pass through any given point in space—only one line can pass
through a point and be perpendicular to an existing line. In this case, that point is on the line;
however, this rule also applies to points that are not on the line.

4. Answer: A.
When intersecting lines create right angles, they are perpendicular.

5. Answer: B.
Lines are straight; they cannot backtrack or bend (if they could bend, they would be a curve, not
a line). Consequently, when two lines intersect, they can share only one point.

6. Answer: B.
When two lines intersect, they share a single point in space. That point is technically on both
lines.

7. Answer: D.
In order to be a transversal, a line must cut across two other lines at different points. Line o
crosses lines m and l at the same point; it is not a transversal

8. Answer: A.

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 UPCAT Set 2
Mathematics
Answer Key
One approach this question is to draw it.

For the resulting parallelogram A'BAC, length c will not be included in the perimeter (since CB is
the diagonal of the parallelogram, not a side).
All the answer choices with length c can be eliminated -- which leaves us with just (A) and (E).
The perimeter can be found by adding up the lengths of the sides:
a+a+b+b
= 2a + 2b
= 2(a + b)

9. Answer: C.
1
Write the applicable formula. A = h(b1 + b2)
2

A = 7,200
b1 = 40
b2 = 80
h=?
1
Substitute the given values into the formula: 7,200 = · h · (40 + 80)
2
1
Simplify the expression: 7,200 = · h · 120 7,200 = 60 h
2
7200 60ℎ
Divide both sides of the equation by 60. =
60 60

Simplify the expression. 120 = h

Include the units. 120 ft = h

10. Answer: D.

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 UPCAT Set 2
Mathematics
Answer Key
Write the applicable formula. V = πr2h
List the values for the variables.
V = 13,565
r = 12
h=?
π = 3.14
Substitute the given values into the formula. 13,565 = (3.14)(12 2)h
Simplify the expression. 13,565 = 452.16h
Divide both sides of the equation by 452.16.
13565 452.16ℎ
=
452.16 452.16

Simplify the expression. 30 = h

Include the units. 30 feet = h

11. Answer: B.
Write the applicable formula. S = 2πr(r + h)
List the values for the variables.
S = 2,512
r=x
h = 3x
π = 3.14
Substitute the given values into the formula. 2,512 = 2(3.14)(x)(x + 3x)
Simplify the expression. 2,512 = 6.28x(4x)
Divide both sides of the equation by 25.12.
2,512 25.12𝑥2
=
25.12 25.12
Simplify the expression.
100 = x2
Solve for x.

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 UPCAT Set 2
Mathematics
Answer Key
10 = x
Substitute the value for x into the values list.
r = x = 10 feet
h = 3x = 3(10) = 30 feet

12. Answer: D.
A right triangle has a right angle and two acute angles; it does not have any obtuse angles.

13. Answer: A.
The problem provides the lengths of two legs and an unknown angle. You could solve for a
hypotenuse using the Pythagorean theorem, and then use sine or cosine. But the least amount
of work uses what the question provides. Only the trigonometric ratio sin uses the lengths of two
legs. Divide 13.9 by 20 and match the answer on the chart.

14. Answer: B.
Horizontal lines are of the form y = constant and vertical lines are of the from x = constant and
therefore the two lines are neither horizontal nor vertical. Let us find the slopes of the two given
lines
y = 2x has a slope equal to 2
2y = - x is equivalent to y = -(1/2) x and its slope is equal to -(1/2) Since the slopes are not
equal, the two lines are not parallel. The product of the two slopes is given by
2*-(1/2) = - 1
and hence the two lines are perpendicular.

15. Answer: D.
Let 2r = radius of smallest circle and 5r = radius of the largest circle
Asmall = 𝜋 (2r)2
36 𝜋 = 4 𝜋r2

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 UPCAT Set 2
Mathematics
Answer Key
9 = r2
3=r
Alarge = 𝜋 (5r)2
= 𝜋 (5 x 3)2
= 𝜋 (15)2
= 225 𝜋

16. Answer: D.
A line, a line segment, and a ray are sets of points. How many points make a set? An infinite
number. Since a limit cannot be put on infinity, not one of the answer choices has more than the
other.

17. Answer: D.
Always assume that in plane geometry a line is a straight line unless otherwise stated. Process
of elimination works well with this question: Lines have one dimension, length, and no
substance; they are definitely not solid. Lines extend to infinity; they are not finite. Finally, we
defined noncollinear as a set of points that “do not line up”; we take our cue from the last part of
that statement. Choice c is not our answer.

18. Answer: D.
Collinear points are also coplanar. Choice a is not the answer because noncollinear points
determine planes, not a single line of collinear points.

19. Answer: B.
A line segment is the shortest distance between any two points.

20. Answer: B.

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 UPCAT Set 2
Mathematics
Answer Key

A = LW
(6 √3 )(2√3)
12 (3) = 36

21. Answer: A.
Three noncollinear points determine a plane. In this case, we know level X is a plane and Ann,
Bill, and Carl represent points on that plane. Ann and Bill together are not enough points to
define the plane; Dan isn’t on plane X and choice d doesn’t make sense. Choice a is the only
option.

22. Answer: D.
Unlike a plane, an office floor can hold only so many people; however, imagine the office floor
extending infinitely in every direction. How many people could it hold? An infinite number.

23. Answer: D.
Just as the office floor can represent a plane, Ann and Bill can represent points. They acquire
the characteristics of a point; and as we know, points have no dimension, and two points make
a line.

24. Answer: B.
Ann, Bill, and Carl are all on the same floor, which means they are all on the same plane, and
they are not lined up. That makes them noncollinear but coplanar.

25. Answer: D.

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 UPCAT Set 2
Mathematics
Answer Key
Carl and Dan represent two points; two points make a line; and all lines are collinear and
coplanar. Granted, Dan and Carl are on two different floors; but remember points exist
simultaneously on multiple planes.

26. Answer: B.
Let r be the radius of the semicircle. Area of the semicircle is known; hence
1250Pi = (1/2) Pi r2 (note the 1/2 because of the semicircle)
Solve for r: r = 50
Length of rectangle = 2r = 100 (semicircle inscribed)
Width of rectangle = r = 50 (semicircle inscribed)
Area = 100 * 50 = 5000

27. Answer: D.
Recall that the circumference is the distance around a circle. If the cake is divided into 12 equal
slices, each arc length will be 5. Summing 5 of these slices will give 25.

28. Answer: C.
Since vertical angles are congruent, the angle vertical to the 35- degree angle also has a
measure of 35 degrees. The supplement of the 120-degree angle has a measure of 60 degrees,
so we then have a triangle with angles measuring 35, 60, and x degrees, as shown in the figure
provided. Since the angles of a triangle add to 180 degrees:
35 + 60 + x = 180
x = 180 − 35 − 60
x = 85 degrees

29. Answer: B.
Solve this by process of elimination.
A: True: AB and EF are both perpendicular to line BCF.
C: True: Angle F is a right angle, so the two lines are perpendicular.
D: True: Angle BCA and angle DCF are vertical angles, so they must be equal.
E: True: Angle ABC = angle CDF (they are both right angles).

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 UPCAT Set 2
Mathematics
Answer Key
Angle BCA = angle DCF (see statement D). Therefore, angle BAC must equal angle DFC (since
the other two angles are equal, and the three angles total to 180). Since the two triangles have
three corresponding angles, they are similar. B can be false.
Although we know that triangles ABC and CDF are similar, we do not know that they are
congruent. So these sides may be unequal.

30. Answer: A.
Recall that the angles of a triangle sum to 180 degrees:
3x + 10 + −2x + 40 + x + 40 = 180
2x + 90 = 180
2x = 90
x = 45

31. Answer: B.
As this question requires a couple spatial relationships, it may prove useful to draw a picture
representing the situation. We are given that the diameter, which is the same as the diagonal of
a cube, is equal to 5 inches. We also know that the diagonal of a cube is the hypotenuse of the
right triangle constructed from one of the cube’s side lengths as well as the diagonal of one of
the square faces of the cube.
Using this information we will set up an equation for the known relationships (Pythagorean’s
Theorem) before solving for the target variable s, which represents the cube’s side length. We
know that the hypotenuse of a cube’s square face is s√2 (recall that 45°, 45°, 90° right triangles
have a side length relationship of x, x, x√2). We also know that one side length of the cube is s.
Consequently:

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 UPCAT Set 2
Mathematics
Answer Key
However, this answer choice is not found, so we must remove the radical from the denominator:

32. Answer: D.

If a triangle has side lengths a, b, and c, the sum of the lengths of any 2 sides must be larger
than the length of the 3rd side. So in this case, 5 + 6 = 11 must be larger than side length c.
From the answer choices, 12 is the only length greater than 11, so it cannot be the length of the
third side.

33. Answer: C.

The circumference of a circle is the distance around defined by π * diameter. The diameter, in
this case, can be found through the difference between the x values:

3 − (−3) = 6, so π * 6 is the circumference.

34. Answer: D.

A square is a rhombus and a rectangle. Therefore, some rhombuses are rectangles.

35. Answer: C.

Problems involving similar figures can be solved using proportions. The issue with this problem
is that we are given a similarity across inches to feet with the answer choices containing only
inches. First, we must convert the feet measurement into inches:

2 1/3 ft. x 12 in./ft. = 28 in.

We can now set up our proportions:

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 UPCAT Set 2
Mathematics
Answer Key
4/7 = x/28

x = 16

36. Answer: B.

Sometimes questions will provide unnecessary information. In this case, the angle
measurement of the top right angle. We can focus exclusively on the right triangle shown and
use the Pythagorean Theorem, or the recognition of a Pythagorean triple to see that the length
of y is 8 cm.

37. Answer: C.

Choice A is not an acute triangle because it has one right angle. In choice B, the sum of interior
angle measures exceeds 180°. Choice D suffers the reverse problem; its sum does not make
180°. Though choice C describes an equilateral triangle; it also describes an isosceles triangle.

38. Answer: C.

The trigonometric ratios sine and cosine never equal or exceed 1.000 because the hypotenuse,
the longest side of a right triangle, is always their denominator. The trigonometric ratio Tangent
can equal and exceed the value 1.000 because the hypotenuse is never its denominator.

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 UPCAT Set 3
Mathematics
Answer Key
1. Answer: B.
Let x = the number of months. The number of months (x), times 12 (pounds per month), plus the
starting weight (20), will be equal to 200 pounds.
An equation that represents these words would be 12x + 20 = 200.
Subtract 20 from both sides of the equation. 12x + 20 − 20 = 200 − 20
Associate like terms. 12x + (20 − 20) = 200 − 20
Perform numerical operations. 12x + (0) = 180
Divide both sides of the equation by 12.
12𝑥 180
=
12 12
x = 15
The farmer would have to wait 15 months before selling his hog.

2. Answer: A.
Method 1: Quick Method:
The number of girls participating is 105. It was stated in the problem that there are twenty-five
more girls than the number of boys that participate. This means that the number of boys that
participate is twenty-five less than the number of girls that participate.
Thus, we can simply subtract 25 from the number of girls that participate (which is 105) to obtain
the number of boys that participate:
105-25=80
Hence, the number of boys that participate is 80.

Method 2: Algebraic Method:

Let b be the number of boys that is participate.
Since there are twenty-five more girls than the number of boys, we can express the number of
girls that participate as: b + 25
Since the number of girls participating is 105, we can equate b + 25 to 105:

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 UPCAT Set 3
Mathematics
Answer Key
b+25=105
We are now going to solve for b in the equation to find the number of boys that participate.
Subtracting both sides of the equation by 25:
b=80
Hence, the number of boys that participate is 80.

3. Answer: C.
The slope of the given (in slope intercept form) line is equal to - 5. Let m be the slope of the line
perpendicular to the given line. Two lines are perpendicular if the product of their slopes is equal
to -1. Hence
m*(-5) = - 1 Solve for m. Hence
m = 1/5 is the slope of a line perpendicular to the given line.

4. Answer: A.
The three denominators are different and therefore we need to find a common denominator.
We first find the lowest common multiple (LCM) of the two denominators 8, 12 and 16.
8: 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80,...
12: 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96,...
16: 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, 96...
The lowest common denominator is 48 and we now convert all 3 denominators to the common
denominator 48 and simplify as follows:

5 1 5 5∙6 1∙4 5∙3 30 4 15 30 + 4 − 15 19

+ − = + − = + − = =
8 2 16 8 ∙ 6 12 ∙ 4 16 ∙ 3 48 48 48 48 48

5. Answer: D.
The two rational expressions have different denominators. In order to add the rational
expressions above, we need to convert them to a common denominator. We factor completely
the two denominators x 2 + 6 x + 5 and x2 + 11 x + 30 and find the LCD.

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 UPCAT Set 3
Mathematics
Answer Key
x 2 + 6 x + 5 = (x + 1)(x + 5)
x 2 + 11 x + 30 = (x + 6)(x + 5)
LCD = (x + 1)(x + 5)(x + 6)
We also factor the numerators.
x 2 + 3 x + 2 = (x + 1)(x + 2)
x 2 + 4 x - 12 = (x + 6)(x - 2)
We rewrite the given expression with numerators and denominators in factored form and
simplify if possible.

6. Answer: D.

Apply the multiplication rule.

Factor if possible

Simplify if possible

7. Answer: C.

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 UPCAT Set 3
Mathematics
Answer Key

We first convert (x - 2) into a rational expression. Hence

The division of two rational expressions is done by multiplying the first by the reciprocal
of the second as follows (see divison rule above).Hence

Multiply numerators and denominators (multiplication rule) but do not expand.

Factor the terms - 2 x + 4 included in the numerator as follows:

- 2 x + 4 = -2(x - 2)

and use - 2 x + 4 in factored form in the rational expression to simplify

8. Answer: C.
Because we are provided only the ratio of boys to girls, we can provide our own number of boys
and girls so long as it satisfies the provided ratio. We will assume there are 10 girls, which
means there are 20 boys. Now, ¾ of the boys would be 15 and ½ of the girls would be 5. The
ratio of 15:5 is 3:1.

9. Answer: A.
1st: 7:00 A.M., Sunday

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 UPCAT Set 3
Mathematics
Answer Key
2nd: 2:00 P.M., Sunday
3rd: 9:00 P.M., Sunday
4th: 4:00 A.M., Monday
5th: 11:00 A.M., Monday
6th: 6:00 P.M., Monday

10. Answer: A.
Red = x
Green = 3x
White = 2(3x) = 6x
Total: 10x
6𝑥 3
P(white) = 10𝑥 = 5

11. Answer: C.
The first term a1 is 2 and the common difference is equal to: 5 - 2 = 8 - 5 = 3
Hence using the formula for the nth term, an = a1 + (n - 1)d to the term equal to 227, we can
write the equation:
227 = 2 + (n - 1)3
Solve the above for n
n - 1 = (227 - 2) / 3 = 75 and n = 76
The 76th term is equal to 227.

12. Answer: D.
The first term a1 = 9 and d = 2 (the difference between any two consecutive odd integers).
Hence the sum Sn of the n terms may be written as follows
Sn = (n/2)[2*a1 + (n - 1)d] = 15,960
With a1 = 9 and d=2, the above equation in n may be written as follows
n2 + 8 n - 15860 = 0

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 UPCAT Set 3
Mathematics
Answer Key
Solve the above for n
n = 122 and n = -130
The solution to the problem is that 122 consecutive odd numbers must be added in order to
obtain a sum of 15,860.

13. Answer: A
A probability is always greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, hence only A
above cannot represent probabilities.

14. Answer: C.
We construct a table of frequencies for the the blood groups as follows
group frequency
a 50
B 65
O 70
AB 15
We use the empirical formula of the probability
Frequency for O blood
P(E)= ________________________________________________
Total frequencies
= 70 / 200 = 0.35

15. Answer: C.
The probability of selecting a red marble on the first draw is 10⁄32 because there are 10 red
marbles and 32 total marbles. After removing the first red marble there are now 9 red marbles
and 31 total marbles left so 9⁄31 chance of selecting the second red marble. To find the
probability of both events occurring, we multiply the probabilities to get 9 * 10⁄32 * 31 which
reduces to 45⁄496.

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 UPCAT Set 3
Mathematics
Answer Key

16. Answer: C.
Recall that when provided with a point and the slope of a line, we can use point-slope formula to
write an equation for the line. The point slope formula is y − y1 = m(x − x1) where (x1, y1) is the
point provided and m is the slope. Plug in the point and slope provided and solve for y:
y − 3 = −⅓ (x − 2)
11
y = −⅓x +
3

17. Answer: D.
In approaching this problem, consider the number of options the students have for each role. As
a role is taken up, there is 1 less student to fill the next role. For President there are 6 options,
for Vice President 5 options, for Secretary 4 options, and for Treasurer 3 options. Multiply each
of these to find 360 different groups:
6 * 5 * 4 * 3 = 360

18. Answer: C.
Begin by rounding the number to the nearest hundredth: 89.88. Now add the tenths place, 8,
and the hundredths, 8, to get 16.

19. Answer: C.
Use an equation to represent the situation, x + x + 2 + x + 4 + x + 6 = 36. Solve for x to find 6,
but recognize that this is the smallest integer in the set, the 3rd largest would be 10.

20. Answer: C.
Find n:
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
-29 = 91 + (n-1)(-6)
6(n – 1) = 91 + 29
n – 1 = 120 ÷ 6
n = 21
S = sum

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 UPCAT Set 3
Mathematics
Answer Key
= n (a1 + an) ÷ 2
= 21 (91 + [- 29]) ÷ 2
= 21 (62) ÷ 2
= 21 (31)
S = 651

21. Answer: D.
Since in this case the number of scores is even, the median is the average of the two
middlemost scores.
50 + 51 101
median = 2
= 2
= 50.5

22. Answer: C.
The number of ways of arranging n objects in a round table is (n – 1)! Ways. For the five
students the number of arrangements is (5 – 1)! = 4! = 24

23. Answer: B.
Solve this problem by setting up a proportion. We are told the ratio of milk to juice is 13:x and
that there are 39 milk and 18 juice so → 13/x = 39/18, cross multiply and solve for x to get 6.

24. Answer: C.

𝑷𝟏 𝑨𝟏 𝟔𝟒 𝟖
=√ =√ = = 𝟖: 𝟐𝟕
𝑷𝟐 𝑨𝟐 𝟕𝟐𝟗 𝟐𝟕

25. Answer: C.
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝑎+𝑏
= → 2(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) = 3(𝑎 + 𝑏) → 2𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 2𝑐 = 3𝑎 + 3𝑏 → 2𝑐 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 → 𝑐
3 2
𝑎+𝑏
=
2

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 UPCAT Set 3
Mathematics
Answer Key
26. Answer: B.
Let n be the number of tickets.
(𝑛 − 4) (𝑛 − 4)
𝑛 =4+ + 12 + 15 → 𝑛 = + 31 → 2𝑛 = 𝑛 − 4 + 62 → 𝑛 = 58
2 2

27. Answer: B.
Let x = original number of candies
1
Catherine: 𝑥
6
2
Farah: 5 𝑥

Wendy: 4
Jane: 100
1 2
x = 6 𝑥 + 5 𝑥 + 4 + 100
1 2
x = 6 𝑥 + 5 𝑥 + 104

30x = 5x + 12x + 3120

13x = 3120
x = 240

28. Answer: C.

Begin by setting up an equation representing the average. (2 + x + 31) ÷ 7 = 24. Solve

for x to find 135 and recognize that this x represents the sum of the remaining 5 scores.
To find the average, divide 135 by 5 to find 27.

29. Answer: B.

Recall that vertex- form of a parabola is:

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 UPCAT Set 3
Mathematics
Answer Key

a(x − h)2 + k, where (h, k) represents the vertex.

We wish to translate our vertex from (0,0) to (4,−6) so h = 4 and k = −6.

ƒ(x) = (x − 4)2 – 6

30. Answer: B.

Recall that slope-intercept form is y = mx + b where m is the slope and b is the y-

intercept. Solve for y:

8x − 2y = −6

2y = 8x + 6

Divide everything by 2:

y = 4x + 3

31. Answer: B.

If the product of two numbers is positive, the two numbers must have the same sign.
That is, if ab > 0, then either a > 0 and b > 0, or a < 0 and b < 0.

We are told that A < −1 (which implies that A < 0).

So we know that B < 0.

We also know that AB = 1, so A = 1/B

Since A = 1/B, and A < -1, we can infer that 1/B < -1

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 UPCAT Set 3
Mathematics
Answer Key

If we take reciprocals on both sides of the last inequality, we must flip the inequality
sign. Hence: B > −1

So we know that B < 0, and B > −1. We can represent this as a compound inequality:
−1 < B < 0

32. Answer: C.

Because both of these equations are already solved for the variable x, we can set them
equal to each other to find the value of y. Begin by multiplying both sides by 3 to remove
the denominator.

y−7=y+4

Notice that this equation will never be true. Since there is no solution, so we can
conclude that the lines do not intersect.

33. Answer: B.

Recall the slope-intercept form of a line:

y = mx + b where m is the slope.

Solve the given equation for y to find the slope:

2x − 6 − 6y = 10

−6y = −2x + 16

y = 1/3x − 16/6

Slope is equal to 1/3.

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 UPCAT Set 3
Mathematics
Answer Key

34. Answer: D.

She runs for 20 minutes and arrived 5 minutes late → She needs to be exactly there in
15 minutes.

Using a bike with a speed of 1/3 km per minutes → t = d/r → t = 2/1/3 → t = 6

15 minutes – 6 minutes = 9 minutes earlier.

35. Answer: C.

Solve the inequality for one variable:

y + 3 > −3x + 6

y > −3x + 3

This states that the y-coordinate must be larger than −3 times the x-coordinate plus 3.
Test the points provided to see which one satisfies the given inequality (this can also be
done graphically). Only (−3, 15) satisfies the inequality.

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