Application of Derivatives

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

Tangent and Normal

Let y = f(x) be function with graph as shown in figure.

Consider secant PQ. If Q tends to P along the curve passing
through the points Q 1 , Q 2 , .....I.e. Q  P, secant PQ will
become tangent at P. A line through P

perpendicular to tangent is called normal at P.

dy
Geometrical Meaning of
dx
As Q  P, h  0 and slope of chord PQ tends to slope of tangent at P (see figure).
f(x  h)  f(x)
Slope of chord PQ =
h
f(x  h)  f(x)
lim slope of chord PQ = lim
Q P h0 h
dy
 slope of tangent at P = f (x) =
dx

Equation of tangent and normal

dy 
= f(x 1 ) denotes the slope of tangent at p oint (x 1 , y 1 ) on the curve y = f(x). Hence
dx  ( x1, y1 )
the equation of tangent at (x 1 , y 1 ) is given by
(y – y 1 ) = f(x 1 ) (x – x 1 ) ; when, f(x 1 ) is real.

Also, since normal is a line perpendicular to tangent at (x 1 , y 1 ) so its equation is given

by
1
(y – y 1 ) = – (x – x 1 ), when f(x 1 ) is nonzero real.
f (x1 )
If f(x 1 ) = 0, then tangent is the line y = y 1 and normal is the line x = x 1 .
f(x1  h)  f(x1 )
If lim =  or – , then x = x 1 is tangent (VERTICAL T ANGENT) and y =
h0 h
y 1 is normal.

Example # 1 Find equation of tangent to y = e x at x = 0. Hence draw graph

Solution : At x = 0  y = e0 = 1
dy dy
= ex  = 1
dx dx x 0

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 Application of Derivatives

Hence equation of tangent is

1 (x – 0) = ( y – 1)
 y = x + 1

1
Example # 2 Find the equation of all straight lines which are tangent to curve y = and
x 1
which are parallel to the line x + y = 0.
Solution : Suppose the tangent is at (x 1 , y 1 ) and it has slope – 1.

dy
 = – 1.
dx ( x1 , y1 )

1
 – = – 1.
(x1  1)2
 x1 = 0 or 2

  y1 = – 1 or 1
Hence tangent at (0, – 1) and (2, 1) are the required lines (see figure) with
equations
– 1(x – 0) = ( y + 1) and – 1 (x – 2) = (y – 1)
 x + y + 1 = 0 and y + x = 3

Example # 3 Find equation of normal to the curve y = |x 2 – | x | | at x = – 2.

Solution : In the neighborhood of x = – 2, y = x 2 + x.
Hence the point of contact is ( – 2, 2)
dy dy
= 2x + 1  = – 3.
dx dx x 2
So the slope of normal at ( – 2, 2) is .
Hence equation of normal is
1
(x + 2) = y – 2  3y = x + 8
3

Example # 4 Prove that sum of intercepts of the tangent at any point to the curve represented
by x = 3cos 4  & y = 3sin 4  on the coordinate axis is constant.
Solution : Let P(3cos  , 3sin ) be a variable point on the given curve.
4 4

dy
3.4 sin3 .cos 
= d = 
dy
 m = =–tan  
dx dx 3.4cos3  sin 
d
   equation of tangent at point P is

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 Application of Derivatives

y – 3sin 4  = –tan 2  (x – 3cos 4 )

x y
  = 1
3cos  3 sin2 
2

 sum of x-axis intercept and y-axis intercept = 3cos 2  + 3sin 2 = 3 (which is
constant)

Self Practice Problems :


(1) Find the slope of the normal to the curve x = 1 – a sin , y = b cos 2  at  = .
2
(2) Find the equation of the tangent and normal to the given curves at the given points.
(i) y = x 4 – 6x 3 + 13x 2 – 10x + 5 at (1, 3)
x3
(ii) y2 = at (2, – 2).
4x
(3) Prove that area of the triangle formed by any tangent to the curve xy = c 2 and coordinate
axes is constant.
(4) A curve is given by the equations x = at 2 & y = at 3 . A variable pair of
perpendicular lines through the origin 'O' meet the curve at P & Q . Show that the
locus of the point of intersection of the tangents at P & Q is 4y 2 = 3ax - a 2 .

a
Ans. (1) – (2) (i) Tangent : y = 2x + 1, Normal :x + 2y = 7
2b
(ii) Tangent : 2x + y = 2, Normal :x – 2y = 6

Tangent and Normal from an external point

Given a point P(a, b) which does not lie on the curve y = f(x), then the equation of
possible tangents to the curve y = f(x), passing through (a, b) can be found by solv ing
for the point of contact Q.
f(h)  b
f(h) =
ha

f(h)  b
And equation of tangent is y – b = (x – a)
ha

Example # 5 Tangent at P(2, 8) on the curve y = x 3 meets the curve again at Q.

Find coordinates of Q.
Solution : Equation of tangent at (2, 8) is y = 12x – 16

Solving this with y = x 3

x 3 – 12x + 16 = 0
This cubic will give all points of intersection of line and
curve y = x 3 i.e., point P and Q. (see figure)

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 Application of Derivatives

But, since line is tangent at P so x = 2 will be a repeated root of e quation x 3 – 12x

+ 16 = 0 and another root will be x = h. Using theory of equations :
sum of roots  2 + 2 + h = 0  h = – 4
Hence coordinates of Q are ( – 4, – 64)

Self Practice Problems :

(5) How many tangents are possible from (1, 1) to the curve y – 1 = x 3 . Also find the
equation of these tangents.
x9
(6) Find the equation of tangent to the hyp erbola y = which passes through (0,
x5

0) origin
Ans. (5) y = 1, 4y = 27x – 23 (6) x + y = 0; 25y + x = 0

Lengths of tangent, normal, subtangent and subnormal :

Let P (h, k) be any point on curve y = f(x). Let tangent drawn at point P meets x-axis at
T & normal at point P meets x -axis at N. Then the length PT is called the length of
tangent and PN is called length of normal. (as shown in figure)

Projection of segment PT on x -axis, TM, is called the subtangent and simil arly projection
dy 
of line segment PN on x axis, MN is called subnormal. Let m = = slope of
dx  (h, k )
tangent.
Hence equation of tangent is m (x – h) = (y – k).
k
Putting y = 0, we get x - intercept of tangent is x = h –
m
Similarly, the x-intercept of normal is x = h + km
Now, length PT, PN,TM, MN can be easily evaluated using distance formula
1
(i) PT = | k | 1  2 = Length of Tangent (ii) PN = | k | 1  m2 = Length of
m
Normal
k
(iii) TM = = Length of subtangent (iv) MN = |km| = Length of subnormal.
m

Example # 6 Find the length of tangent for the curve y = x 3 + 3x 2 + 4x – 1 at point x = 0.

dy
Solution : Here, m =
dx x  0
dy
= 3x 2 + 6x + 4  m = 4
dx
and, k = y(0)  k = – 1

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 Application of Derivatives

1 1 17
  = |k| 1    = | ( 1) | 1  =
m2 16 4

Example # 7 Prove that for the curve y = be x / a , the length of subnormal at any point is always
propotional to sqaure of ordinate of that point.
Solution : y = be x / a
dy b.e x1 / a y1
Let the point be (x 1 , y 1 )  m = = 
dx x  x1 a a
y1.y1 y12
Now, length of subnormal = |y 1 .m | = =
a a

Example # 8 For the curve y = a n (x 2 – a 2 ) show that sum of lengths of tangent & subtangent
at any point is proportional to coordinates of point of tangenc y.
Solution : Let point of tangenc y be (x 1 , y 1 )
dy 2ax
m = = 2 12
dx x  x1 x 1 a

1 y
Length of tangent + subtangent = |y 1 | 1  2
+ 1
m m
x1  a4  2a2 x1
4 2
( x21  a2 )2 y (x  a2 ) y1(x1  a2 )
2 2

= |y 1 | 1  2 2
+ 1 1 = |y 1 | +
4a x 1
2ax1 2 | ax1 | 2ax1

y1(x  a2 ) y (x  a2 )
2 2 2
1 | y1 | (2x ) x y
= + 1 1
= 1
= 1 1
2ax1 2ax1 2 | ax1 | a

Self Practice Problems :

(7) For the curve x m + n = a m – n y 2 n , where a is a positive constant and m, n are
positive integers, prove that the m t h power of subtangent varies as n t h power of
subnormal.
a a  a2  x 2
(8) Prove that the segment of the tangent to the curve y = n
2 a  a2  x 2
– a2  x 2 contained between the y-axis & the point of tangenc y has a constant
length .
(9) Find the length of the subnormal to the curve y 2 = x 3 at the point (4, 8).
Ans. (9) 24

Derivative as rate of change

In various fields of applied mathematics one has the quest to know the rat e at which one
variable is changing, with respect to other. The rate of change naturally refers to time.
But we can have rate of change with respect to other variables also.
An economist may want to study how the investment changes with respect to variat ions
in interest rates.
A physician may want to know, how small changes in dosage can affect the body's
response to a drug.
A physicist may want to know the rate of charge of distance with respect to time.

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 Application of Derivatives

All questions of the above type can be inter preted and represented using derivatives.
Definition : The average rate of change of a function f(x) with respect to x over an interval [a,
f(a  h)  f(a)
a + h] is defined as
h

Definition : The instantaneous rate of change of f(x) with respe ct to x is defined as f (x)
f(a  h)  f(a)
= lim , provided the limit exists.
h0 h

Note : To use the word 'instantaneous', x may not be representing time. W e usually use the
word 'rate of change' to mean 'instantaneous rate of change'.

Example # 9 How fast the area of a circle increases when its radius is 5cm;
(i) with respect to radius (ii) with respect to diameter
dA
Solution : (i) A = r 2 , = 2r
dr
dA 
 = 10 cm 2 /cm.
dr  r  5

 dA 
(ii) A = D2 , = D
4 dD 2
dA  
 = . 10 = 5 cm 2 /cm.
dD D  10 2

Example # 10 If area of circle increases at a rate of 2cm 2 /sec, then find the rate at which
area of the inscribed square increases.
Solution : Area of circle, A 1 = r 2 . Area of square, A 2 = 2r 2 (see figure)

dA1 dr dA 2 dr
= 2r , = 4r .
dt dt dt dt
dr dr 1
 2 = 2r .   r =
dt dt 
dA 2 1 4
 = 4 . = cm 2 /sec
dt  
4
 Area of square increases at the rate cm 2 /sec.


Example # 11The volume of a cube is increasing at a rate of 7 cm 3 /sec. How fast is the surface
area increasing when the length of an edge is 4 cm?
Solution. Let at some time t, the length of edge is x cm.
dv dx dv
v = x3  = 3x 2 (but = 7)
dt dt dt
dx 7
  = cm/sec.
dt 3x 2
Now S = 6x 2
dS dx dS 7 28
= 12x  = 12x. 2
=
dt dt dt 3x x
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 Application of Derivatives

dS
when x = 4 cm, = 7 cm 2 /sec.
dt

Example # 12 Sand is pouring from pipe at the rate of 12 cm 3 /s. The falling sand forms a
cone on the gr ound in such a way that the height of the cone is always one - sixth
of radius of base. How fast is the height of the sand cone increasing when height
is 4 cm?
1
Solution. V = r 2 h
3

r
but h =
6
1
  V =  (6h) 2 h
3
  V = 12 h 3
dV dh
= 36 h 2 .
dt dt
dV
when, = 12 cm 3 /s and h = 4 cm
dt
dh 12 1
= = cm/sec.
dt 36.(4)2 48

Self Practice Problems :

(10) Radius of a circle is increasing at rate of 3 cm/sec. Find the rate at which the
area of circle is increasing at th e instant when radius is 10 cm.

(11) A ladder of length 5 m is leaning against a wall. The bottom of ladder is being
pulled along the ground away from wall at rate of 2cm/sec. How fast is the top
part of ladder sliding on the wall when foot of ladder is 4 m away from wall.

(12) W ater is dripping out of a conical funnel of semi -vertical angle 45° at rate of
2cm 3 /s. Find the rate at which slant height of water is decreasing when the height
of water is 2 cm.

(13) A hot air balloon rising straight up from a level field is tracked by a range
finder 500 ft from the lift-off point. At the moment the range finder's elevation
angle is /4, the angle is increasing at the rate of 0.14 rad/min. How fast is the
balloon rising at that moment.
8 1
Ans. (10) 60 cm 2 /sec (11) cm/sec (12) cm/sec. (13) 140
3 2
ft/min.

Error and Approximation :

Let y = f(x) be a function. If these is an error x in x then corresponding error in y is y = f(x + x) – f(x).
f(x  x)  f(x) dy
We have lim = = f(x)
x  0 x dx
We define the differential of y, at point x, corresponding to the increment x as f(x) x and denote it by
dy.
i.e. dy = f(x) x.
Let P(x, f(x)), Q((x + x), f(x + x)) (as shown in figure)
y = QS, 
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 Application of Derivatives

 x = PS,
dy = RS
In many practical situations, it is easier to evaluate dy but not y.

Example # 13. Find the approximate value of 251/3.

Sol. Let y = x1/3
Let x = 27 and x = –2
Now y = (x + x)1/3 – x1/3 = (25)1/3 – 3
dy
x = 251/3 – 3
dx
At x = 27, 251/3 = 3 – 0.074 = 2.926

Monotonicity of a function :
Let f be a real valued function having domain D(DR) and S be a subset of D. f is said to
be monotonically increasing (non decreasing) (increasing) in S if for every x 1 , x 2  S, x 1
< x 2  f(x 1 )  f(x 2 ). f is said to be monotonically decreasing (non increasing)
(decreasing) in S if for ever y x 1 , x 2  S, x 1 < x 2  f(x 1 )  f(x 2 )
f is said to be strictly increasing in S if for x 1 , x 2  S, x 1 < x 2  f(x 1 ) < f(x 2 ). Similarly, f is
said to be strictly decreasing in S if for x 1 , x 2  S, x 1 < x 2  f(x 1 ) > f(x 2 ) .
Notes : (i) f is strictly increasing  f is monotonically increasing (non decreasing).
But converse need not be true.
(ii) f is strictly decreasing  f is monotonically decreasing (non increasing).
Again, converse need not be true.
(iii) If f(x) = constant in S, then f is increasing as well as decreasing in S
(iv) A function f is said to be an increasing function if it is increasing in the
domain. Similarly, if f is decreasing in the domain, we say that f is monotonical ly
decreasing
(v) f is said to be a monotonic function if either it is monotonically increasing
or monotonically decreasing
(vi) If f is increasing in a subset of S and decreasing in another subset of S,
then f is non monotonic in S.
Application of differentiation for detecting monotonicity :
Let  be an interval (open or closed or semi open and semi closed)
(i) If f(x) > 0  x  , then f is strictly increasing in 
(ii) If f(x) < 0  x  , then f is strictly decreasing in 
Note : Let I be an interval (or ray) which is a subset of domain of f. If f (x) > 0,  x  
except for countably many points where f (x) = 0, then f(x) is strictly increasing in .
{f (x) = 0 at countably many points  f (x) = 0 does not occur on an interval which is a
subset of  }
Let us consider another function whose graph is shown below for x  (a, b).

Here also f(x)  0 for all x  (a, b). But, note that in this case, f (x) = 0 holds for all x 
(c, d) and (e,b).
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 Application of Derivatives

Thus the given function is increasin g (monotonically increasing) in (a, b), but not strictly
increasing.

Example # 14 : Let f(x) = x 3 . Find the intervals of monotonicity.

Solution : f(x) = 3x 2
f(x) > 0 ever ywhere except at x = 0. Hence f(x) will be strictly increasing function
for
x  R {see figure}

Example # 15 : Let f(x) = x – sinx. Find the intervals of monotonicity.

Solution : f(x) = 1 – cosx
Now, f(x) > 0 ever y where, except at x = 0, ± 2 , ± 4 etc. But all these points
are discrete (countable) and do not form an int erval. Hence we can conclude that
f(x) is strictly increasing in R. In fact we can also see it graphically.

Example # 16 : Find the intervals in which f(x) = x 3 – 2x 2 – 4x + 7 is increasing.

Solution : f(x) = x 3 – 2x 2 – 4x + 7
f(x) = 3x 2 – 4x – 4
f(x) = (x – 2) (3x + 2)
 2
for M.. f(x)  0  x   ,    [2, )
 3

Example # 17 : Find the intervals of monotonicity of the following functions.

(i) f(x) = x 2 (x – 2) 2 (ii) f(x) = x n x

Solution : (i) f(x) = x 2 (x – 2) 2  f(x) = 4x (x – 1) (x – 2)

observing the sign change of f (x)

Hence increasing in [0, 1] and in [2, )

and decreasing for x  (– , 0] and [1, 2]
(ii) f(x) = x n x
f(x) = 1 + n x
1
f(x)  0  n x  – 1  x 
e
1   1
 increasing for x   ,   and decreasing for x   0 ,  .
e   e

Note : If a function f(x) is increasing in (a, b) and f(x) is continuous in [a, b], then f(x) is
increasing on [a, b]
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 Application of Derivatives

Example # 18 : f(x) = [x] is a step up function. Is it a strictly increasing function for x  R.

Solution : No, f(x) = [x] is increasing (monotonically increasing) (non -decreasing), but not
strictly increasing function as illustrated by its graph.

Example # 19 : If f(x) = sin 4 x + cos 4 x + bx + c, then find possible values of b and c such that
f(x) is monotonic for all x  R
Solution : f(x) = sin 4 x + cos 4 x + bx + c
f(x) = 4 sin 3 x cosx – 4cos 3 x sinx + b = – sin4x + b.
Case - (i) : for M.I. f(x)  0  for all x  R
 b  sin4x for all x  R  b  1
Case - (ii) : for M.D. f(x)  0 for all x  R
 b sin4x for all x  R  b  – 1
Hence for f(x) to be monotonic b  (– , – 1]  [1, ) and c  R.

Example # 20 : Find possible values of 'a' such that f(x) = e 2 x – 2(a 2 – 21) e x + 8x + 5 is
monotonically increasing for x  R
Solution : f(x) = e 2 x – 2(a 2 – 21) e x + 8x + 5
f(x) = 2e 2 x – 2(a 2 – 21) e x + 8  0 ;  c x  R

4
 ex +  a 2 – 21
ex
 4 
4  a 2 – 21  e  x  4  a  [–5, 5]
x

 e 

Self Practice Problems :

(14) Find the intervals of monotonicity of the following functions.
1
(i) f(x) = – x 3 + 6x 2 – 9x – 2 (ii) f(x) = x +
x 1
f(x) = x . ex  x
2
(iii) (iv) f(x) = x – cosx

(15) Let f(x) = x – tan – 1 x. Prove that f(x) is monotonically increasing for x  R.
(16) If f(x) = 2e x – ae – x + (2a + 1) x – 3 monotonically increases for  x  R,
then find range of values of a
(17) Let f(x) = e 2 x – ae x + 1. Prove that f(x) cannot be monotonically decreasing
for  x  R for any value of 'a'.
(18) The values of 'a' for which function f(x) = (a + 2) x 3 – ax 2 + 9ax – 1
monotonically decreasing for  x  R.
Ans. (14) (i)  in [1, 3] ; D in (– , 1]  (3, )
(ii)  in (– , – 2]  [0, ) ; D in [– 2, – 1)  (–1, 0]
 1   1
(iii)  in   , 1 ; D in  ,    [1, )
 2   2
(iv) I for x  R

(16) a  0 (18) – < a  – 3

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 Application of Derivatives

Monotonicity of function about a point :

1. A function f(x) is called as a strictly increasing function about a point (or at a point) a 
D f if it is strictly increasing in an open interval containing a (as shown in figure).

2. A function f(x) is called a strictly decreasing function about a point x = a, if it is strictly

decreasing in an open interval containing a (as shown in figure).

Note : If x = a is a boundar y point then use the appropriate one sided inequality to test
monotonicity of f(x).

e.g. : W hich of the following functions (as shown in figure) is increasing, decreasing or neither
increasing nor decreasing at x = a.

(i) (ii)

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 Application of Derivatives

(iii) (iv)

Test for increasing and decreasing functions about a point

Let f(x) be differentiable.
(1) If f(a) > 0 then f(x) is increasing at x = a.
(2) If f(a) < 0 then f(x) is decreasing at x = a.
(3) If f(a) = 0 then examine the sign of f (x) on the left neighbourhood and the right
neighbourhood of a.
(i) If f(x) is positive on both the neighbourh oods, then f is increasing at x = a.
(ii) If f(x) is negative on both the neighbourhoods, then f is
decreasing at x = a.
(iii) If f(x) have opposite signs on these neighbourhoods, then f is non -
monotonic at x = a.
Example # 21 : Let f(x) = x 3 – 3x + 2. Examine the monotonicity of function at points x = 0, 1, 2.
Solution : f(x) = x 3 – 3x + 2
f(x) = 3(x 2 – 1)
(i) f(0) = – 3  decreasing at x = 0
(ii) f(1) = 0
also, f(x) is positive on left neighbourhood and f (x) is negative in right
neighbourhood.
   neither increasing nor decreasing at x = 1.
(iii) f(2) = 9   increasing at x = 2
Note : Above method is applicable only for functions those are continuous at x = a.
Self Practice Problems :
(19) For each of the following graph comment on monotonicity of f(x) at x = a.

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(20) Let f(x) = x 3 – 3x 2 + 3x + 4, comment on the monotonic behaviour of f(x) at (i) x =

0 (ii) x = 1.
 x 0  x 1
(21) Draw the graph of function f(x) =  . Graphically comment on
[x] 1  x  2
the monotonic behaviour of f(x) at x = 0, 1, 2. Is f(x) M. . for x  [0, 2] ?
Ans. (19) (i) neither M.. nor M.D. (ii) M.D. (iii) M.D (iv) M..
(20) M.. both at x = 0 and x = 1.
(21) M.. at x = 0, 2 ; neither M.. nor M.D. at x = 1. No, f(x) is not M. . for x 
[0, 2].

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 Application of Derivatives

Global Maximum :
A function f(x) is said to have global maximum on a set E if there exists at least one c E such that f(x)
 f(c) for all x E.
We say global maximum occurs at x = c and global maximum (or global maximum value) is f(c).

Local Maxima :
A function f(x) is said to have a local maximum at x = c if f(c) is the greatest value of the function in a
small neighbourhood (c – h, c + h), h > 0 of c.
i.e. for all x (c – h, c + h), x c, we have f(x)  f(c).

Global Minimum :
A function f(x) is said to have a global minimum on a set E if there exists at least one c E such that
f(x)  f(c) for all x E.

Local Minima :
A function f(x) is said to have a local minimum at x = c if f(c) is the least value of the function in a small
neighbourhood (c – h, c + h), h > 0 of c.
i.e. for all x (c –h, c + h), x c, we have f(x)  f(c).
Extrema :
A maxima or a minima is called an extrema.
Explanation : Consider graph of y = f(x), x [a, b]

x = c2, x = c4 are points of local maxima, with maximum values f(c2), f(c4) respectively.
x = c1, x = c3 are points of local minima, with minimum values f(c1), f(c3) respectively
x = c2 is a point of global maximum
x = c3 is a point of global minimum
Consider the graph of y = h(x), x [a, b)

h(c4)

h(c1)
h(c3)
h(c2)
h(a)

a c1 c2 c3 c4 b

x = c1, x = c4 are points of local maxima, with maximum values h(c1), h(c4) respectively.
x = c2 are points of local minima, with minimum values h(c2) respectively.
x = c3 is neither a point of maxima nor a minima.
Global maximum is h(c4)
Global minimum is h(a)

| x | 0  | x |  2
Example # 22 : Let f(x) =  . Examine the behaviour of f(x) at x = 0.
 1 x0
Solution : f(x) has local maxima at x = 0 (see figure).

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 Application of Derivatives

 3 (b3  b2  b  1)
 –x  0  x 1
Example # 23 : Let f(x) =  (b2  3b  2)
 2x  3 1 x  3

Find all possible values of b such that f(x) has the smallest value at x = 1.
Solution. Such problems can easily be solved by graphical approach (as in figure).

Hence the limiting value of f(x) from left of x = 1 should be either greater or equal to the
value of function at x = 1.
lim f(x)  f(1)
x 1

(b3  b2  b  1)
 – 1 +  – 1
(b2  3b  2)
(b2  1)(b  1)
  0
(b  1) (b  2)
 b  (– 2, –1)  [1, + )

Self Practice Problems :

(22) In each of following graphs identify if x = a is point of local maxima, minima or
neither

(i) (ii) (iii)

(23) Examine the graph of following functions in each case identify the points of global
maximum/minimum and local maximum / minimum.

(i) (ii) (iii)

Ans. (22) (i) Maxima (ii) Neither maxima nor minima

(iii) Minima

(23) (i) Local maxima at x = 2, Local minima at x = 3, Global

maximum at x = 2. No
global minimum

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 Application of Derivatives

(ii) Local minima at x = – 1, No point of Global minimum, no point of

local or Global maxima
(iii) Local & Global maximum at x = 1, Local & Global minimum at x = 0.

Maxima, Minima for differentiable functions :

Mere definition of maxima, minima becomes tedious in solving problems. We use derivative as a tool to
overcome this difficulty.
A necessary condition for an extrema :
Let f(x) be differentiable at x = c.
Theorem : A necessary condition for f(c) to be an extremum of f(x) is that f(c) = 0.
i.e. f(c) is extremum  f(c) = 0
Note : f(c) = 0 is only a necessary condition but not sufficient

i.e. f(c) = 0   f(c) is extremum.

Consider f(x) = x3
f(0) = 0
but f(0) is not an extremum (see figure).
Sufficient condition for an extrema :
Let f(x) be a differentiable function.
Theorem : A sufficient condition for f(c) to be an extremum of f(x) is that f(x) changes sign as x passes through
c.
i.e. f(c) is an extrema (see figure)  f(x) changes sign as x passes through c.

x = c is a point of maxima. f(x) changes sign from positive to negative.

x = c is a point of local minima (see figure), f(x) changes sign from negative to positive.

Stationary points :
The points on graph of function f(x) where f(x) = 0 are called stationary points.
Rate of change of f(x) is zero at a stationary point.

Example # 24 : Find stationary points of the function f(x) = 4x 3 – 6x2 – 24x + 9.

Solution : f(x) = 12x2 – 12x – 24
f(x) = 0  x = – 1, 2
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 Application of Derivatives

f(– 1) = 23, f(2) = – 31

(– 1, 23), (2, – 31) are stationary points
Example # 25 : If f(x) = x 3 + ax 2 + bx + c has extreme values at x = – 1 and x = 3. Find a, b, c.
Solution. Extreme values basically mean maximum or minimum values, since f(x) is differentiable
function so
f(– 1) = 0 = f(3)
f(x) = 3x 2 + 2ax + b
f(3) = 27 + 6a + b = 0
f(– 1) = 3 – 2a + b = 0
 a = – 3, b = – 9, c  R

First Derivative Test :

Let f(x) be continuous and differentiable function.

Step -  Find f(x)
Step - .  Solve f(x) = 0, let x = c be a solution. (i.e. Find stationary points)
Step - . Observe change of sign
(i) If f(x) changes sign from negative to positive as x crosses c from left to right then x = c
is a point of local minima
(ii) If f(x) changes sign from positive to negative as x crosses c from left to right then x = c
is a point of local maxima.
(iii) If f(x) does not changes sign as x crosses c then x = c is neither a point of maxima nor
minima.

Example # 26 : Find the points of maxima or minima of f(x) = x 2 (x – 2) 2 .

Solution. f(x) = x 2 (x – 2) 2
f(x) = 4x (x – 1) (x – 2)
f(x) = 0  x = 0, 1, 2
examining the sign change of f (x)

Hence x = 1 is point of maxima, x = 0, 2 are points of minima.

Note : In case of continuous functions point s of maxima and minima are alternate.
Example # 27 : Find the points of maxima, minima of f(x) = x 3 – 12x. Also draw the graph of
this functions.
Solution. f(x) = x 3 – 12x
f(x) = 3(x 2 – 4) = 3(x – 2) (x + 2)
f(x) = 0  x = ± 2

For tracing the graph let us find maximum and minimum values of f(x).

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 Application of Derivatives

x f(x)
2 16
2 16

Example # 28 : Show that f(x) = (x 3 – 6x 2 + 12x – 8) does not have any point of local maxima or
minima. Hence draw graph
Solution. f(x) = x 3 – 6x 2 + 12x – 8
f(x) = 3(x 2 – 4x + 4)
f(x) = 3(x – 2) 2
f(x) = 0  x = 2
but clearly f(x) does not change sign about x = 2. f (2 + ) > 0 and f(2 – ) > 0. So f(x)
has no point of maxima or minima. In fact f(x) is a monotonically increasing function for
x  R.

Example # 29 : Let f(x) = x 3 + 3(a – 7)x 2 + 3(a 2 – 9) x – 1. If f(x) has positive point of maxima,
then find possible values of 'a'.
Solution. f(x) = 3 [x 2 + 2(a – 7)x + (a 2 – 9)]
Let ,  be roots of f(x) = 0 and let  be the smaller root. Examining sign change
of f(x).

Maxima occurs at smaller root  which has to be positive. This basically implies
that both roots of f (x) = 0 must be positive and distinct.

29
(i) D > 0  a <
7
b
(ii) – > 0  a < 7
2a
(iii) f(0) > 0  a  (– , – 3) (3, )
 29 
from (i), (ii) and (iii)  a  (– , – 3)   3,
 7 

Self Practice Problems :

(24) Find the points of local maxima or minima of following functions
(i) f(x) = (x – 1) 3 (x + 2) 2
(ii) f(x) = x 3 + x 2 + x + 1.
4
Ans. (i) Maxima at x = – 2, Minima at x = –
5
(ii) No point of local maxima or minima.

Maxima, Minima for continuous functions :

Let f(x) be a continuous function.

Critical points :

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 Application of Derivatives

The points where f(x) = 0 or f(x) is not differentiable are called critical points.
 
Stationary points  Critical points.

Example # 30 : Find critical points of f(x) = max (sinx, cosx) , x  (0, 2).

Solution :
  5
From the figure it is clear that f(x) has three critical points x = , , .
4 2 4

Important Note :
For f(x) defined on a subset of R, points of extrema (if exists) occur at critical points
Example # 31 : Find the possible points of Maxima/Minima for f(x) = |x 2 – 2x| (x  R)
 x 2  2x x2

Solution. f(x) = 2x  x 0  x  2
2

 x 2  2x x0

2(x  1) x  2

f(x) = 2(1  x) 0  x  2
2(x  1) x  0

f(x) = 0 at x = 1 and f (x) does not exist at x = 0, 2. Thus these are critical points.

 x3  x 2  10x x  0
Example # 32 : Let f(x) =  . Examine the behaviour of f(x) at x = 0.
 3 sin x x0
Solution : f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
3x 2  2x  10 x  0
f(x) = 
 3cos x x0
f(0 + ) = 3 and f(0 – ) = – 10 thus f(x) is non-differentiable at x = 0  x = 0
is a critical point.
Also derivative changes sign from negative to posi tive, so x = 0 is a point of local
minima.
Example # 33 : Find the critical points of the function f(x) = 4x 3 – 6x 2 – 24x + 9 if (i) x  [0, 3]
(ii) x  [–3, 3]
(iii) x  [– 1, 2].
Solution : f(x) = 12(x 2 – x – 2)
= 12(x – 2) (x + 1)
f(x) = 0  x = – 1 or 2
(i) if x  [0, 3] , x = 2 is critical point.
(ii) if x  [– 3, 3], then we have two critical points x = – 1, 2.
(iii) If x  [– 1, 2], then no critical point as both x = –1 and x = 2 become
boundar y points.
Note : Critical points are always interior points of an interval.
Global extrema for continuous functions :
(i) Function defined on closed interval

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 Application of Derivatives

Let f(x), x [a, b] be a continuous function

Step - I : Find critical points. Let it be c1, c2 ......., cn
Step - II: Find f(a), f(c1).........., f(cn), f(b)
Let M = max· { f(a), f(c1),..........., f(cn), f(b)}
m = min · {f(a), f(c1), ........f(cn), f(b)}
Step -   M is global maximum.
m is global minimum.
(ii) Function defined on open interval.
Let f(x), x (a, b) be continuous function.
Step - I Find critical points . Let it be c1, c2, .......cn
Step - II  Find f(c1), f(c2), ........., f(cn)
Let M = max · {f(c1), .......f(cn)}
m = min· {f(c1),............,f(cn)}
Step - III Lim f(x) = 1 (say), Lim– f(x) = 2 (say).
x  a x  b

Let  = min. {1, 2}, L = max. {1, 2}

Step - IV
(i) If m  then m is global minimum
(ii) If m >  then f(x) has no global minimum

(iii) If M  L then M is global maximum

(iv) If M < L , then f(x) has no global maximum
Example # 34 : Find the greatest and least values of f(x) = x 3 – 12x x  [– 1, 3]
Solution : The possible points of maxima/minima are critical points and the boundary points.
for x  [– 1, 3] and f(x) = x 3 – 12x
x = 2 is the only critical point.
Examining the value of f(x) at points x = –1, 2, 3. W e can find greatest and least
values.
x f(x)
1 11
2 16
3 9
 Minimum f(x) = – 16 & Maximum f(x) = 11.

Self Practice Problems :

(25) Let f(x) = x 3 + x 2 – x – 4

(i) Find the possible points of Maxima/Minima of f(x) for x  R.
(ii) Find the number of critical points of f(x) for x  [1, 3].
(iii) Discuss absolute (global) maxima/minima value of f(x) for x  [–2, 2]
(iv) Prove that for x  (1, 3), the function does not has a Global maximum.
1
Ans. (i) x = –1, (ii) zero
3
(iii) f(–2) = –6 is global maximum, f(2) = 6 is global maximum


 x2  x ; 1  x  0

Example # 35 : Let f(x) =   ; x0

log1/ 2  x  1  ; 0  x  3
  2 2

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 Application of Derivatives

Discuss global maxima, minima for  = 0 and = 1. For what values of  does f(x) has global
maxima
Solution : Graph of y = f(x) for  = 0
1

–1/2 3/2
–1

–1

No global maxima, minima

Graph of y = f(x) for  = 1
1

–1/2 3/2
–1

–1

Global maxima is 1, which occurs at x = 0

Global minima does not exists

Lim f(x) = 0, Lim f(x) = 1, f(0) = 

x 0 x 0

For global maxima to exists

f(0)  1     1.

x2  4 1
Example # 36 : Find extrema of f(x) = . Draw graph of g(x) = and comment on its local and
2x  3 f(x)
global extrema.

2(x 2  3x  4) 2(x  4)(x  1)

Solution : f(x) = = =0
(2x  3)2 (2x  3)2
1
3

–4 4
3

2
1
1

4
local minima occurs at x = –4
local maxima occurs at x = 1

1  2x  3 

f(x)  x 2  4 
g(x) =

2(x  4)(x  1)
g'(x) =
(x 2  4)2
local maxima at x = –4
local minima at x = 1
global maxima & minima do not exists

–4 –3/2 1
–4

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 Application of Derivatives

Self Practice Problems :

1
(26) Let f(x) = x + . Find local maximum and loca l minimum value of f(x). Can you
x
explain this discrepancy of locally minimum value being greater than locally
maximum value.
(x   )2 x  0
(27) If f(x) =  , find possible values of  such that f(x) has local maxima
 cos x x  0
at x = 0.
Answers : (26) Local maxima at x = –1, f(–1) = – 2 ; Local minima at x = 1,
f(1) = 2.
(27)  [ –1, 1)

Maxima, Minima by higher order derivatives :

Second derivative test :
Let f(x) have derivatives up to second order
Step - I. Find f(x)
Step - II. Solve f(x) = 0. Let x = c be a solution
Step - III. Find f(c)
Step - IV.
(i) If f(c) = 0 then further investigation is required
(ii) If f(c) > 0 then x = c is a point of minima.
(iii) If f(c) < 0 then x = c is a point of maxima.

For maxima f(x) changes from positive to negative (as shown in figure).
 f(x) is decreasing hence f(c) < 0

Example # 37 : Find the points of local maxima or minima for f(x) = sin2x – x, x  (0, ).
Solution : f(x) = sin2x – x
f(x) = 2cos2x – 1
1  5
f(x) = 0  cos 2x =  x = ,
2 6 6
f(x) = – 4 sin 2x
 
f   < 0  Maxima at x = 
6 6
 5  5
  f   > 0  Minima at x =
 6  6

Self Practice Problems :

(28) Let f(x) = sinx (1 + cosx) ; x  (0, 2). Find the number of critical points of f(x).
Also identif y which of these critical points are points of Maxima/Minima.
Ans. Three

x = is point of maxima.
3
x =  is not a point of extrema.

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 Application of Derivatives

5
x = is point of minima.
3

nth Derivative test :

Let f(x) have derivatives up to nth order
If f(c) = f(c) = ..........= fn–1(c) = 0 and
fn(c) 0 then we have following possibilities
(i) n is even, f(n)(c) < 0 x = c is point of maxima
(ii) n is even, f(n)(c) > 0 x = c is point of minima.
(iii) n is odd, f(n)(c) < 0 f(x) is decreasing about x = c
(iv) n is odd, f(n) > 0 f(x) is increasing about x = c.

Example # 38 : Find points of local maxima or minima of f(x) = x 5 – 5x 4 + 5x 3 – 1

Solution. f(x) = x 5 – 5x 4 + 5x 3 – 1
f(x) = 5x 2 (x – 1) (x – 3)
f(x) = 0  x = 0, 1, 3
f(x) = 10x (2x 2 – 6x + 3)
Now, f(1) < 0  Maxima at x = 1
f(3) > 0  Minima at x = 3
and, f(0) = 0   n d derivative test fails
so, f(x) = 30 (2x – 4x + 1)
2

f(0) = 30
  Neither maxima nor minima at x = 0.
Note : It was ver y convenient to check maxima/minima at first step by examining
the sign change of f (x) no sign change of f (x) at x = 0
f(x) = 5x 2 (x – 1) (x – 3)

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 Application of Derivatives

Application of Maxima, Minima :

For a given problem, an objective function can be constructed in terms of one parameter
and then extremum value can be evaluated by equating the differential to zero. As
discussed in n t h derivative test maxima/minima can be identified.

Useful Formulae of Mensuration to Remember :

1 2
Area of a circular sector = r , when  is in radians.
2
volume of cube = 3 , Total Surface area of cube = 6 2
volume of cuboid = bh, Total Surface area of cube = 2( b + bh + h)

3-D Figures Volume Total Surface area Curved/lateral Surface area

Cone 1 2 r + r2 Curved Surface area = r

r h
3

Cylinder r2h 2rh + 2r2 Curved Surface area =2rh

Sphere 4 3 4r2
r
3

Prism (area of base) × (height) lateral surface area lateral Surface area =

+ 2 (area of base) (perimeter of base) × (height)

Right 1 Curved surface area Curved Surface area =

Pyramid ×(area of base) × (height)
3 + (area of base) 
×(perimeter of base) ×(slant height)
2

(Note that lateral surfaces of a prism are all rectang le).

(Note that slant surfaces of a pyramid are triangles).

Example # 39: If the equation x3 + px + q = 0 has three real roots, then show that 4p3 + 27q2 < 0.
Solution: f(x) = x3 + px + q, f(x) = 3x2 + p
   f(x) must have one maximum > 0 and one minimum < 0. f(x) = 0
p
 x=± , p0
3
p p
f is maximum at x = – and minimum at x =
3 3
 p   p 
f–
  f    0
 3   3 
 2p p   2p p 
 q    q  0
 3 3   3 3 
4p3
q2 + < 0, 4p3 + 27q2 < 0.
27

Example # 40 : Find two positive numbers x and y such that x + y = 60 and x y 3 is maximum.
Solution : x + y = 60
 x = 60 – y   xy 3 = (60 – y)y 3
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 Application of Derivatives

Let f( y) = (60 – y) y 3 ; y  (0, 60)

for maximizing f(y) let us find critical points
f(y) = 3y 2 (60 – y) – y 3 = 0
f(y) = y 2 (180 – 4y) = 0
 y = 45
f(45 + ) < 0 and f(45 – ) > 0. Hence local maxima at y = 45.
So x = 15 and y = 45.
Example # 41 : Rectangles are inscribed inside a semicircle of radius r. Find the rectangle with
maximum area.
Solution : Let sides of rectangle be x and y (as shown in figure).
 A = xy.
Here x and y are not independent variables and are related by Pythogorus
theorem with r.
x2 x2
+ y2 = r 2  y = r2 
4 4
x2
 A(x) = x r2 
4
x4
  A(x) = x 2r 2 
4
4
x
Let f(x) = r 2 x 2 – ; x  (0, r)
4

A(x) is maximum when f(x) is maximum

Hence f(x) = x(2r 2 – x 2 ) = 0  x = r 2
also f(r 2 ) < 0 and f(r 2 ) > 0
r
confirming at f(x) is maximum when x = r 2 & y = .
2

Aliter Let us choose coordinat e system with origin as centre of circle (as shown in
figure).

A = xy

 
 A = 2 (rcos ) (rsin)  A = r 2 sin2   0, 
 2
 r
Clearly A is maximum when  =  x = r 2 and y = .
4 2

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 Application of Derivatives

Example # 42. Show that the least perimeter of an isosceles triangle circumscribed about a circle of radius ‘r’
is 6 3 r .

Solution : AQ = r cot  = AP
AO = r cosec
A

(
Q P

r r
x O x

B
  x N x C
x
= tan
AO  ON
x = (r cosec + r) tan
x = r(sec + tan)

Perimeter = p = 4x + 2AQ
p = 4r(sec + tan) + 2rcot
p = r(4sec + 4tan + 2cot)
dp
= r[4sec tan + 4sec2  – 2cosec2]
d
dp
for max or min =0  2sin3  + 3sin2 – 1 = 0 
d
   (sin + 1) (2sin2 + sin – 1) = 0
(sin + 1)2 (2sin – 1) = 0  sin = 1/2   = 30° = /6
 4.2 4
pleast = r  
 8  4  6 
 2 3 = r 
6 3 3   r=6 3 r
 =
 3 3   3  3

Example # 43 : Let A(1, 2) and B(– 2, – 4) be two fixed points. A variable point P is chosen on
the straight line y = x such that perimeter of PAB is minimum. Find coordinates
of P.
Solution. Since distance AB is fixed so for minimizing the perimeter of PAB, we basically
have to minimize (PA + PB)
Let A be the mirror image of A in the line y = x (see figure).
F(P) = PA + PB
F(P) = PA + PB
But for PAB

PA + PB  AB and equality hold when P, A and B becomes

collinear. Thus for minimum path length point P is that special point for which
PA and PB become incident and reflected rays
with respect to the mirror y = x.
Equation of line joining A and B is y = 2x intersection of this lin e with y = x is the
point P. Hence P  (0, 0).

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 Application of Derivatives

Note : Above concept is ver y useful because such problems become very lengthy by
making perimeter as a function of position of P and then minimizing it.
Self Practice Problems :
(29) Find the two positive numbers x and y whose sum is 35 and the product x 2 y 5
maximum.
(30) A square piece of tin of side 18 cm is to be made into a box without top by cutting
a square from each corner and folding up the slops to form a box. W hat should be
the side of the square to be cut off such that volume of the box is maximum
possible.
(31) Prove that a right circular c ylinder of given surface area and maximum volume is
such that the height is equal to the diameter of the base.

x2 y2
(32) A normal is drawn to the ellipse + = 1. Find the maximum distance of this
25 16
normal from the centre.
(33) A line is drawn passing through point P(1, 2) to cut positive coordinate axes at A
and B. Find minimum area of PAB.
(34) Two towns A and B are situated on the same side of a straight road at distances
a and b respectively perpendiculars drawn from A and B meet the road at point C
and D respectively. The distance between C and D is c. A hospital is to be built at
a point P on the road such that the distance APB is minimum. Find position of P.
Ans. (29) x = 25, y = 10. (30) 3 cm (32) 1 unit
ac
(33) 4 units (34) P is at distance of from C.
ab

Use of monotonicity for proving inequalities

Comparison of two functions f(x) and g(x) can be done by analysing the monotonic
behaviour of
h(x) = f(x) – g(x)

 
Example # 44 : For x   0,  prove that sin 2 x < x 2 < tan 2 x
 2
Solution : Let f(x) = x 2 – sin 2 x
= (x + sinx) (x – sinx) > 0
 
for x   0,   sin 2 x < x 2 .....(i)
 2
Let g(x) = x 2 – tan 2 x
= (x + tanx) (x + tanx) < 0
 
for x   0,   x 2 < tan 2 x .....(ii)
 2
From (i) & (ii) sin 2 x < x 2 < tan 2 x

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 Application of Derivatives

x3 x3
Example # 45 : For x  (0, 1) prove that x – < tan – 1 x < x – hence or otherwise
3 6
 tan1 x 
find lim  
x 0
 x 
x3 1 x4
Solution : Let f(x) = x – – tan – 1 x f(x) = 1 – x 2 – f(x) = –
3 1  x2 1  x2
f(x) < 0 for x  (0, 1)  f(x) is M.D.
x3
  f(x) < f(0)   x – – tan – 1 x < 0
3
x3
  x – < tan – 1 x ...........(i)
3
x3 x2 1 x 2 (1  x 2 )
Similarly g(x) = x – – tan – 1 x , g(x) = 1 – – g(x) =
6 2 1  x2 2(1  x 2 )
g(x) > 0 for x  (0, 1)  g(x) is M.I.
3
x
 g(x) > g(0) x – – tan – 1 x > 0
6
x3
x – > tan – 1 x ........(ii)
6

x3 x3
from (i) and (ii), we get x – < tan – 1 x < x – Hence Proved
3 6
x2 tan1 x x2
Also, 1 – < < 1 – , for x > 0
3 x 6
tan1 x
Hence by sandwich theorem we can prove that lim = 1 but it must also be noted
x 0 x
tan1 x tan1 x
that as x  0, value of  1 from left hand side i.e. < 1 
x x
 tan1 x 
   lim   = 0
x 0
 x 

NOTE : In proving inequalities, we must always check when does the equality takes place
because the point of equality is very important in this method. Normally point of eq uality
occur at end point of the interval or will be easily predicted by hit and trial.

  x3
Example # 46 : For x   0,  , prove that sin x > x –
 2 6
3
x
Solution : Let f(x) = sin x – x +
6
2
x
f(x) = cos x – 1 +
2
we cannot decide at this point whether f (x) is positive or negative, hence let us
check for
monotonic nature of f (x)
f(x) = x – sinx
 
Since f(x) > 0  f(x) is M.I. for x   0, 
 2
   f(x) > f(0)   f(x) > 0 
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 Application of Derivatives

      f(x) is M..   f(x) > f(0)

x3 x3
  sin x – x + > 0  sin x > x – . Hence proved
6 6

 sin x tan x 
Example # 47 : Examine which is greater : sin x tan x or x 2 . Hence evaluate lim   ,
x 0
 x2 
 
where x   0, 
 2
Solution : Let f(x) = sinx tanx – x 2
f(x) = cos x . tan x + sin x . sec 2 x – 2x
 f(x) = sin x + sin x sec 2 x – 2x
 f(x) = cos x + cos x sec 2 x + 2sec 2 x sin x tan x – 2
 f(x) = (cos x + sec x – 2) + 2 sec 2 x sin x tan x
 
2
Now cos x + sec x – 2 = cos x  sec x and 2 sec 2 x tan x . sin x > 0 because x 
 
 0, 2 
 
  f(x) > 0  f(x) is M.I.
Hence f(x) > f(0)
 f(x) > 0  f(x) is M.I.  f(x) > 0 
   sin x tan x – x 2 > 0
sin x tan x  sin x tan x 
Hence sin x tan x > x 2  > 1  lim   = 1.
x2 x 0
 x2 

x
 1
Example # 48 : Prove that f(x) =  1   is monotonically increasing in its domain. Hence or
 x
otherwise draw graph of f(x) and find its range
x
 1 1
Solution : f(x) =  1   , for Domain of f(x), 1 + > 0
 x x
x 1
 > 0  (–, –1)  (0, )
x
 
1   1
x
 1 x
Consider f(x) =  1    n  1    
 x   x 1 x2 
1
 x 
x
 1   1 1 
 f(x) =  1    n  1   
 x   x  x  1
x
 1
Now  1   is always positive, hence the sign of f (x) depends on sign of n
 x
 1 1
1  x  – 1  x
 
 1
i.e. we have to compare n  1   and
 x
 1  1
So lets assume g(x) = n  1   –
 x  x 1

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 Application of Derivatives

11 1 1
g(x) = +  g(x) =
1 x2 (x  1)2 x(x  1)2
1
x
(i) for x  (0, ), g(x) < 0  g(x) is M.D. for x  (0, )
g(x) > lim g(x)
x 

g(x) > 0. and since g(x) > 0  f(x) > 0

(ii) for x  (– , – 1), g(x) > 0  g(x) is M.I. for x  (– , –1)
 g(x) > lim g(x)   g(x) > 0  f(x) > 0
x 

Hence from (i) and (ii) we get f (x) > 0 for all x  (– , –1)  (0, )
  f(x) is M.I. in its Domain
For drawing the graph of f(x), its important to find the value of f(x) at boundary
points
i.e. ± , 0, –1
x
 1
lim 1   = e
x  
 x
x x
 1  1
lim  1   = 1 and lim 1   = 
x  0  x x 1 
 x

so the graph of f(x) is

Range is y  (1, ) – {e}

Example # 49 : Compare which of the two is greater (100) 1 / 1 0 0 or (101) 1 / 1 0 1 .

Solution : Assume f(x) = x 1 / x and let us examine monotonic nature of f(x)
 1  nx 
f(x) = x 1 / x .  
 x 
2

f(x) > 0  x  (0,e)

and f(x) < 0  x  (e,)
Hence f(x) is M.D. for x e    
 

 

and since 100 < 101

 f(100) > f(101)
 (100) 1 / 1 0 0 > (101) 1 / 1 0 1
Self Practice Problems :
(35) Prove the following inequalities
(i) x > tan – 1 (x) for x  (0, )
(ii) ex > x + 1 for x  (0, )
x
(iii)  n (1 + x)  x for x  (0, )
1 x
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 Application of Derivatives

Rolle’s Theorem :
If a function f defined on [a, b] is
(i) continuous on [a, b]
(ii) derivable on (a, b) and
(iii) f(a) = f(b),
then there exists at least one real number c between a and b (a < c < b) such that f(c) = 0
Geometrical Explanation of Rolle’s Theorem :
Let the curve y = f(x), which is continuous on [a, b] and derivable on (a, b), be drawn (as shown in
figure).

A(a, f(a)), B(b, f(b)), f(a) = f(b), C(c, f(c)), f(c) = 0.

C1 (c1, f(c1)), f(c1) = 0

C2 (c2, f(c2)), f(c2) = 0
C3 (c3, f(c3)), f(c3) = 0
The theorem simply states that between two points with equal ordinates on the graph of f(x), there
exists at least one point where the tangent is parallel to x-axis.
Algebraic Interpretation of Rolle’s Theorem :
Between two zeros a and b of f(x) (i.e. between two roots a and b of f(x) = 0) there exists at least one
zero of f(x)

Example # 50 : If 2a + 3b + 6c = 0 then prove that the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 has at least one

real root between 0 and 1.
ax 3 bx 2
Solution : Let f(x) = + + cx
3 2

a b
f(0) = 0 and f(1) =+ + c = 2a + 3b + 6c = 0
3 2
If f(0) = f(1) then f (x) = 0 for some value of x  (0, 1)
 ax 2 + bx + c = 0 for at least one x  (0, 1)

Self Practice Problems :

(36) If f(x) satisfies condition in Rolle’s theorem then show that between two consecutive
zeros of f(x) there lies at most one zero of f(x).
(37) Show that for any real numbers , the polynomial P(x) = x7 + x3 +  , has exactly one real root.

Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem (LMVT) :

If a function f defined on [a, b] is

(i) continuous on [a, b] and
(ii) derivable on (a, b)

f(b)  f(a)
then there exists at least one real numbers between a and b (a < c < b) such that = f(c)
ba

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 Application of Derivatives

Proof : Let us consider a function g(x) = f(x) + x, x  [a, b]

where  is a constant to b determined such that g(a) = g(b).
f(b)  f(a)
 =–
ba
Now the function g(x), being the sum of two continuous and derivable functions it self
(i) continuous on [a, b]
(ii) derivable on (a, b) and
(iii) g(a) = g(b).
Therefore, by Rolle’s theorem there exists a real number c  (a, b) such that g(c) = 0
But g(x) = f(x) + 
 0 = g(c) = f(c) + 
f(b)  f(a)
f(c) = –  =
ba

Geometrical Interpretation of LMVT :

The theorem simply states that between two points A and B of the graph of f(x) there exists at least one
point where tangent is parallel to chord AB.

C(c, f(c)), f(c) = slope of AB.

Alternative Statement : If in the statement of LMVT, b is replaced by a + h, then number c between a
and b may be written as a + h, where 0 <  < 1. Thus

f(a  h)  f(a)
= f(a + h) or f(a + h) = f(a) + hf (a + h), 0 <  < 1
h

Example # 51 : Verify LMVT for f(x) = – x 2 + 4x – 5 and x  [–1, 1]

Solution : f(1) = –2 ; f(–1) = –10
f(1)  f( 1)
   f(c) =  –2c + 4 = 4  c = 0
1  ( 1)

Example # 52 : Using Lagrange’s mean value theorem, prove that if b > a > 0,
ba ba
then < tan – 1 b – tan – 1 a <
1  b2 1  a2

Solution : Let f(x) = tan – 1 x ; x  [a, b] applying LMVT

tan1 b  tan1 a 
f(c) = for a < c < b and f (x) = ,
ba 1  x2
Now f(x) is a monotonically decreasing function
Hence if a < c < b 
   f(b) < f(c) < f(a) 
1 tan1 b  tan1 a 1
   < < Hence proved
1 b 2
ba 1  a2

  5 
Example # 53 : Let f : R  R be a twice differentiable function such that f   = 0, f   = 0 & f(3) = 4 then
4  4 
show that there exists a c  (0, 2) such that f(c) + sinc – cosc < 0.
31
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 Application of Derivatives

Solution : Consider g(x) = f(x) – sinx + cosx

 g'(x) = f'(x) – cosx – sinx
 g"(x) = f"(x) + sinx – cosx
By LMVT
  5 
g(3)  g   g  g(3)
 4  = g(c ) ,  < c < 3  4  
and = g(c2), 3 < c2 <
 1
4 1
5  4
3 3
4 4
g(c1) > 0 , g(c2) < 0
By LMVT
g (c 2 )  g (c1 )
= g(c), c1 < c < c2  g(c) < 0  f(c) + sinc – cosc < 0
c 2  c1

for some c  (c1 , c2), c  (0, 2)

Self Practice Problems :

(38) Using LMVT, prove that if two functions have equal derivatives at all points of (a, b),
then they differ by a constant

(39) If a function f is
(i) continuous on [a, b],
(ii) derivable on (a, b) and
(iii) f(x) > 0, x  (a, b), then show that f(x) is strictly increasing on [a, b].

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 Application of Derivatives

Li'kZ js[kk vkSj vfHkyEc

ekuk y = f(x) fp=kkuqlkj ,d Qyu gSA ekuk ,d thok PQ gSA ;fn fcUnqvksa Q1,
Q2, ..... ls xqtjus okys oØ ds vuqfn'k fcUnq Q, P dh vksj c<+rk gS vFkkZr~
Q  P, thok PQ fcUnq P ij Li'kZ js[kk gksxhA Li'kZ js[kk ds yEcor~ P ls
xqtjus
okyh js[kk P ij vfHkyEc dgykrh gSA

dy
dk T;kferh; vFkZ
dx

tc Q  P, h  0 ,oa thok PQ dh ço.krk] P ij Li'kZ js[kk dh ço.krk dh vksj vxzlj gksrh gSA (fp=k ns[ksa)
f ( x  h) f ( x)
thok PQ dh ço.krk =
h

f(x  h)  f(x)
lim
Q P
thok PQ dh ço.krk = lim
h0 h
dy
 P ij Li'kZ js[kk dh ço.krk = f(x) =
dx

Li'kZ js[kk vkSj vfHkyEc dk lehdj.k (Equation of Tangent and Normal) :

dy 
oØ y = f(x) ds fcUnq (x1,y1) ij Li'kZ js[kk dk <ky = f(x1) gksrk gSaA vr% oØ y = f(x) ds fdlh fcUnq
dx  ( x1, y1 )
(x1, y1) ijLi'kZ js[kk dk lehdj.k (y – y1) = f(x1) (x – x1) }kjk fn;k tkrk gS tcfd f(x1) okLrfod gSA
pw¡fd vfHkyEc] Li'kZ js[kk ds yEcor~ js[kk gksrh gS vr% bldk lehdj.k fcUnq (x1 , y1) ij
1
(y – y 1 ) = – (x – x 1 ), }kjk fn;k tkrk gS tcfd f(x) v'kwU; okLrfod gSA
f (x1 )
;fn f(x1) = 0 gks] rks Li'kZ js[kk y = y1 vkSj vfHkyEc js[kk x = x1 gksxhA
f(x1  h)  f(x1 )
;fn lim = ;k –  gks] rks Li'kZ js[kk x = x1 ¼m/okZ/kj Li'kZ js[kk½ vkSj vfHkyEc js[kk y = y1
h0 h
gksxkA

mnkgj.k # 1 : x = 0 ij y = ex dh Li'kZ js[kk dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A

gy : x = 0 ij y = e0 = 1
vr% Li'kZ fcUnq (0, 1) gksxkA
dy dy
= ex  = 1
dx dx x 0

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 Application of Derivatives

vr% Li'kZ js[kk dk lehdj.k

1 (x – 0) = ( y – 1)
 y = x + 1

1
mnkgj.k # 2 : oØ y = dks Li'kZ djus okyh lHkh ljy js[kkvksa ds lehdj.k Kkr dhft, tks ljy js[kk x + y =
x 1
0 ds lekUrj gks \
gy : ekukfd Li'kZ js[kk fcUnq (x1, y1) ij [khaph xbZ gS ftldk <ky – 1 gSaA

dy
 = – 1.
dx ( x1 , y1 )

1
 – = – 1.
(x1  1)2
 x1 = 0 or 2

  y1 = – 1 or 1
vr% fcUnq (0, – 1) vkSj (2, 1) ij vHkh"V Li'kZ js[kkvksa ds lehdj.k
– 1(x – 0) = ( y + 1) ,oa – 1 (x – 2) = (y – 1)
 x + y + 1 = 0 ,oa y + x = 3

mnkgj.k # 3 : x = – 2 ij oØy = |x2 – | x | | ds vfHkyEc dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A

gy : x = – 2 ds lkehI; esa y = x2 + x gksxkA vr% vHkh"V Li'kZ fcUnq (– 2, 2) gksxkA
dy dy
= 2x + 1  = – 3.
dx dx x 2
1
vr% fcUnq (– 2, 2) ij vfHkyEc dh izo.krk gksxhA
3
1
vr% vfHkyEc dk lehdj.k (x + 2) = y – 2 3y = x + 8
3
mnkgj.k # 4 : fl) dhft, fd oØ by x = 3cos 4  , y = 3sin 4  ds fdlh fcUnq ij [khaph xbZ Li'kZ js[kk }kjk funsZ'kh
v{kksa ij dkVs x, vUr%[k.Mksa dk ;ksx vpj jgrk gSA
dy
= d
dy
gy : ekuk ,d pj fcUnq P(3cos  , 3sin ) oØ ij fLFkr gSaA m =
4 4
dx dx
d
3.4 sin .cos 
3
=  =–tan  
3.4cos3  sin 

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 Application of Derivatives

   vr% fcUnq p ij Li'kZ js[kk dk lehdj.k

y – 3sin 4  = –tan 2  (x – 3cos 4 )
x y
  = 1
3cos2  3 sin2 
 dkVs x, vUr%[k.Mksa dk ;ksx = 3cos 2  + 3sin 2 = 3

vH;kl dk;Z :

(1) oØ x = 1 – a sin , y = b cos2  ds fcUnq  = ij vfHkyac dh izo.krk Kkr dhft,A
2
(2) fuEu oØksa ds fn;s gq, fcUnqvksa ij Li'kZ js[kk vkSj vfHkyac ds lehdj.k Kkr dhft, &
x3
(i) (1, 3) ij y = x4 – 6x3 + 13x2 – 10x + 5 (ii) (2, – 2) ij y2 =
4x
(3) fl) dhft, fd oØ xy = c2 dh fdlh Li'kZ js[kk vkSj funsZ'kh v{kksa ls fufeZr f=kHkqt dk {ks=kQy vpj gSA
(4) ,d oØ dk lehdj.k x = at2 vkSj y = at3 }kjk fn;k tkrk gSA pj yEcor js[kkvksa dk ,d ;qXe tks ewy
fcUnq O ls xqtjrk gSa vkSj oØ dks P vkSj Q ij feyrk gSA fl) dhft, fd P vkSj Q ij [khaph xbZ Li'kZ
js[kkvksa ds izfrPNsn fcUnq dk fcUnqiFk 4y2 = 3ax - a2 gSA
.

a
Ans. (1) – (2) Li'kZ js[kk : y = 2x + 1, vfHkyEc :x + 2y = 7
2b
(ii) Li'kZ js[kk : 2x + y = 2, vfHkyEc :x – 2y = 6

fdlh ckg~; fcUnq ls [khaph xbZ Li'kZ js[kk ,oa vfHkyEc dk lehdj.k
(Tangent & Normal From an External Point) :
fn;k x;k fcUnq P(a, b) gS tks fd oØ y = f(x) ij fLFkr ugha gS] rc oØ y = f(x) ij [khaph xbZ lHkh laHko Li'kZ
js[kk,¡ tks fd P(a,b) ls xqtjrh gS] Li'kZ fcUnq Q, dks Kkr djds fudkyh tk ldrh gSaA
f(h)  b
f(h) =
ha

f(h)  b
Li'kZ js[kk dk lehdj.k y – b = (x – a)
ha

mnkgj.k # 5 : ;fn oØ y = x3 ij fLFkr fcUnq P(2, 8) ij [khaph xbZ Li'kZ js[kk] oØ dks iqu% fcUnq Q ij feyrh gks] rks
fcUnq Q ds funsZ'kkad Kkr dhft,A
gy : fcUnq P (2, 8) ij Li'kZ js[kk dk lehdj.k y = 12x – 16

Li'kZ js[kk vkSj oØ ds lehdj.kksa dks gy djus ij x3 – 12x + 16 = 0

bl f=k?kkrh; lehdj.k ls Li'kZ js[kk vkSj oØ ds lHkh izfrPNsn fcUnq
vFkkZr~ fcUnq P vkSj Q izkIr gks tkrs gSaA

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 Application of Derivatives

¼fp=k ns[ksa½ ysfdu] pw¡fd js[kk oØ dks fcUnq P ij Li'kZ djrh gSaA
vr% lehdj.k x3 – 12x + 16 = 0 ds fy, x = 2 iqujkorhZ ewy gksxk rFkk vU; ewy x = h gksxkA
vr% lehdj.k fl)kUr ls ewyksa dk ;ksx 2 + 2 + h = 0  h=–4
vr% Q fcUnq ds funsZ'kkad (– 4, – 64) gSaA

vH;kl dk;Z :
(5) (1, 1) ls oØ y – 1 = x 3 ij fdruh Li'kZ js[kk,¡ [khaph tk ldrh gS\ bu Li'kZ js[kkvksa ds lehdj.k Hkh
Kkr dhft,A
x9
(6) vfrijoy; y = ij [khaph xbZ ml Li'kZ js[kk dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft, tks fd ewy fcUnq (0, 0) ls
x5
xqtjrh gksA
Ans. (5) y = 1, 4y = 27x – 23 (6) x + y = 0; 25y + x= 0

Li'kZ js[kk] vfHkyEc] v|%Li'khZ js[kk vkSj v|ks%yEc dh yEckbZ

(Lengths of tangent, normal, sutangent and subnormal) :
ekuk oØ y = f(x) ij dksbZ fcUnq P (h, k) gSaA ekuk fd fcUnq P ij [khaph xbZ Li'kZ js[kk vkSj vfHkyEc x-v{k dks
Øe'k% T vkSj N fcUnq ij feyrh gS] rks yEckbZ PT dks Li'kZ js[kk dh yEckbZ vkSj yEckbZ PN dks vfHkyEc dh yEckbZ
dgrs gSaA

PT dk x-v{k ij iz{ksi TM, v|%Li'khZ dgykrk gS tcfd PN dk x v{k ij iz{ksi MN, v|ks%yEc dgykrk ekuk
dy 
m= = Li'kZ js[kk dk <ky vr% Li'kZ js[kk dk lehdj.k m (x – h) = (y – k)
dx  (h, k )
k
mijksDr esa y = 0 j[kus ij Li'kZ js[kk }kjk x -v{k ij dkVk x;k vUr%[k.M x = h – gksxkA
m
blh rjg vfHkyEc }kjk x-v{k ij dkVk x;k vUr%[k.M x = h + km
vc yEckb;k¡ PT, PN, TM, MN nwjh lw=k ls vklkuh ls Kkr dh tk ldrh gSaA
1
(i) PT = | k | 1  = Li'kZ js[kk dh yEckbZ
m2
(ii) PN = | k | 1  m2 = vfHkyEc dh yEckbZ
k
(iii) TM = = v|%Li'khZ dh yEckbZ
m
(iv) MN = |km| = MN = |km| = v|ks%yEc dh yEckbZ

mnkgj.k # 6 : oØ y = x3 + 3x2 + 4x – 1 ds fcUnq x = 0 ij Li'kZ js[kk dh yEckbZ Kkr dhft,A

dy
gy : ;gk¡ m =
dx x0

dy
= 3x 2 + 6x + 4  m = 4
dx
vkSj k = y(0)  k = – 1

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 Application of Derivatives

1 1 17
  = |k| 1    = | ( 1) | 1  =
m2 16 4

mnkgj.k # 7 : fl) dhft, fd oØ y = bex/a ds fdlh fcUnq ij v|ks%yEc dh yEckbZ ml fcUnq ds dksfV ds oxZ ds
lekuqikr gksrh gSaA
gy : ekuk fd fcUnq (x1, y1) oØ y = bex/a ij fLFkr gSA
dy b.e x1 / a y1
 m = = 
dx x  x1 a a
y1.y1 y12
vc v|ks%yEc dh yEckbZ = |y 1 .m| = =
a a

mnkgj.k # 8 : fl) dhft, fd oØ y = a n (x2 – a2) ds fdlh fcUnq ij [khaph xbZ Li'kZ js[kk vkSj v|%Li'khZ dh yEckbZ;ksa
dk ;ksx Li'kZ fcUnq ds funsZ'kkad ds lekuqikrh gSaA
gy : ekuk Li'kZ fcUnq ds funsZ'kkad (x1, y1) gSaA
dy 2ax1 1 y
m = = Li'kZ js[kk dh yEckbZ + v|%Li'khZ dh yEckbZ = |y 1 | 1  + 1
dx x  x1 x 21  a2 m2 m

x1  a4  2a2 x1
4 2
( x21  a2 )2 y1(x1  a2 ) y1(x1  a2 )
2 2

= |y 1 | 1  2
+ = |y 1 | +
4a2 x1 2ax1 2 | ax1 | 2ax1

y1(x1  a2 ) y (x  a2 )
2 2 2
| y1 | (2x1 ) x y
= + 1 1 = = 1 1
2ax1 2ax1 2 | ax1 | a

vH;kl dk;Z %
(7) oØ xm + n = am – n y2n tgk¡ a ,d /kukRed vpj gSa rFkk m, n /kukRed iw.kk±d gSa] ds fy, fl) dhft, fd
v|%Li'khZ dh moha ?kkr dk eku v|ks%yEc dh noha ?kkr ds eku esa ifjorZu ds lkFk cnyrk gSA
a a  a2  x 2
(8) fl) dhft, fd oØ y = n – a2  x 2 ds fy, [khaph xbZ Li'kZ js[kk ds
2 a  a2  x 2
y–v{k rFkk Li'kZ fcUnq ds chp ds Hkkx dh yEckbZ fLFkj jgrh gSaA
(9) oØ y2 = x3 ij fLFkr fcUnq (4, 8) ij v|ksyEc dh yEckbZ Kkr dhft,A
Ans. (9) 24

ifjorZu dh nj ds :i esa vodyt (Derivative as rate of change) :

O;ogkfjd xf.kr ds dbZ {ks=kksa esa ;g vuqla/kku dk fo"k; gS fd ,d pj esa ifjorZu ds lkis{k nwljs pj esa fdl izdkj
ifjorZu gksrk gSA lkekU;r% ifjorZu dh nj dk le; ls lac/k gSA ysfdu ge ifjorZu dh nj dks vU; pj ls Hkh
lEcfU/kr dj ldrs gSA
,d vFkZ'kkL=kh tkuuk pkgsxk fd C;kt nj esa ifjorZu ds lkFk dSls fuos'k ifjorZu fd;k tk,A
,d fpfdRld tkuuk pkgsxk fd fdl rjg nok dh [kqjkd esa vYi ifjorZu ls 'kkjhfjd ifj.kke esa ifjorZu gks
ldrk gSA
,d HkkSfrd 'kkL=kh le; ds lkis{k nwjh esa ifjorZu dh nj tkuuk pkgsxkA
bl izdkj ds lHkh iz'uksa dh O;k[;k vkSj izn'kZu vodyt ds }kjk laHko gSA

f(a  h)  f(a)
ifjHkk"kk (Definition) : Qyu f(x) dh varjky [a, a + h] esa x ds lkis{k vkSlr ifjorZu dh nj }kjk
h
ifjHkkf"kr dh tkrh gSA

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 Application of Derivatives

ifjHkk"kk (Definition) : f dk x ds lkis{k rkR{kf.kd ifjorZu dh nj f(x) = }kjk ifjHkkf"kr dh tkrh gS tcfd lhek dk
vfLrRo gSA
uksV : rkR{kf.kd 'kCn ds mi;ksx esa x le; dks iznf'kZr ugha dj ldrkA ge lekU;r% 'kCn 'nj ifjorZu' dk mi;ksx
'rkR{kf.kd nj ifjorZu' ds vk'k; esa djrs gSA

mnkgj.k # 9 : o`Ùk dk {ks=kQy fdruh rsth ls c<+rk gS tc f=kT;k 5cm gSA

(i) f=kT;k ds lkis{k (ii) O;kl ds lkis{k
dA
Solution : (i) A = r 2 , = 2r
dr
dA 
 = 10 lseh-2/lseh-
dr  r  5

 dA 
(ii) A = D2 , = D
4 dD 2
dA  
 = . 10 = 5 lseh-2/lseh-
dD D  10 2

mnkgj.k # 10 : ;fn o`Ùk dk {ks=kQy 2cm2/sec dh nj ls c<+rk gks] rks bl o`Ùk ds vUrxZr cuk;s x, oxZ ds {ks=kQy ds
c<+us dh nj Kkr dhft,A

gy : o`Ùk dk {ks=kQy A1 = r2. oxZ dk {ks=kQy A2 = 2r2

dA1 dr dA 2 dr
= 2r , = 4r .
dt dt dt dt
dr dr 1
 2 = 2r .   r =
dt dt 
dA 2 1 4
 = 4 . = lseh2/lsd.M
dt  
4
 oxZ dk {ks=kQy lseh2/lsd.M dh nj ls c<+rk gSA


mnkgj.k # 11 : ,d ?ku dk vk;ru 7 lseh3/lsd.M dh nj ls c<+ jgk gks] rks i`"Bh; {ks=kQy ds c<+us dh nj ml {k.k Kkr
dhft, ftl {k.k fdukjs dh yEckbZ 4 lseh- gks tk;s ?
gy : ekuk fd fdlh le; t ij fdukjs dh yEckbZ x lseh gSaA
dv dx dv
v = x3  = 3x 2 ( ysfdu = 7)
dt dt dt
dx 7
  = lseh-/lsd.M
dt 3x 2
S = 6x 2
dS dx dS 7 28
= 12x  = 12x. =
dt dt dt 3x 2 x
dS
tc x = 4 lseh- ij = 7 lseh2/lsd.M
dt

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 Application of Derivatives

mnkgj.k # 12 : ,d ikbi ls 12 lseh3/lsd.M dh nj ls jsr fxjkbZ tkrh gSA bl jsr ls lery ij ,d 'kadq bl rjg ls
curk gS fd 'kadq dh Å¡pkbZ mlds vk/kkj dh f=kT;k dh 1/6 gSaA ftl {k.k 'kadq dh Å¡pkbZ 4 lseh gS ml
{k.k jsr ls cuus okys 'kadq dh Å¡pkbZ ds c<+us dh nj Kkr dhft,A
1
Solution. V = r 2 h
3

r
ysfdu h =
6
1
  V =  (6h) 2 h
3
  V = 12 h 3
dV dh
= 36 h 2 .
dt dt
dV
tc, = 12 lseh2/lsd.M rFkk h = 4 lseh-
dt
dh 12 1
= = lseh-/lsd.M
dt 36.(4) 2
48

vH;kl dk;Z :
(10) ,d o`Ùk dh f=kT;k 3 lseh-/lsd.M dh nj ls c<+ jgh gSA tc o`Ùk dh f=kT;k 10 lseh- gks] ml {k.k o`Ùk ds
{ks=kQy ds c<+us dh nj Kkr dhft,A
(11) 5m yEckbZ dh ,d lh<+h ,d nhokj ds lgkjs >qdh gqbZ gSA lh<+h ds ikn dks lery ij 2 lseh-/lsd.M dh
nj ls nhokj ls nwj [khapk tkrk gSaA ;fn fdlh {k.k lh<+h dk ikn nhokj ls 4 eh- dh nwjh ij gks] rks ml
{k.k lh<+h ds Åijh fljs ds nhokj ij fQlyus dh nj Kkr dhft,A
(12) 45° Å/okZ/kj v)Zdks.k okys 'kadquqek dhi ls 2 lseh-3/lsd.M dh nj ls cwan&cwan dj ikuh Vid jgk gSA
ftl {k.k ikuh dh fr;Zd Å¡pkbZ 2 lseh- gS ml {k.k ikuh dh fr;Zd Å¡pkbZ ds de gksus dh nj Kkr
dhft,A

(13) ,d xeZ gok ls Hkjk xqCckjk lery ls lh/kk Åij mBrk gSa rFkk blds mij mBus okys LFkku ls 500 QhV
dh nwjh ij ,d isz{kd }kjk bldk izs{k.k fd;k tkrk gSaA ftl {k.k izs{kd dk mUu;u dks.k /4 gS] ml {k.k
dks.k 0.14 jsfM;u/feuV dh nj ls c<+ jgk gSA Kkr dhft, fd ml {k.k xqCckjk fdl nj ls Åij mB jgk
gSaA
8 1
Ans. (10) 60 lseh-2/lsd.M (11) lseh-/lsd.M ( (12) lseh-/lsd.M
3 2
(13) 140 QhV/feuV.

=kqfV ,oa lfUudVre eku (Error and Approximation) :

ekuk y = f(x) ,d Qyu gSA ;fn x esa =kqfV x rFkk laxr y esa =kqfV y = f(x + x) – f(x) gks] rc
f(x  x)  f(x) dy
lim = = f(x)
x  0 x dx
rc ge y dk x ij vodyt x dh o`f} ds laxr f(x) x ls nsrs gS ftls dy ls O;Dr djrs gSA
vFkkZr~ dy = f(x) x.
ekuk P(x, f(x)), Q((x + x), f(x + x)) (fp=k esa n'kkZ;s vuqlkj)
y = QS, 
 x = PS,
dy = RS
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 Application of Derivatives

dqN fLFkfr;ksa esa dy dks ljy djuk vklku gksrk gS ijUrq y dks ugha

mnkgj.k # 13 : 251/3 dk lfUudVre eku Kkr dhft,

gy : ekuk y = x1/3
ekuk x = 27 rFkk x = –2 vc y = (x + x)1/3 – x1/3 = (25)1/3 – 3
dy
x = 251/3 – 3  x = 27 ij, 251/3 = 3 – 0.074 = 2.926
dx

Qyu dh ,dfn"Vrk (Monotonicity of a function) :

ekuk f ,d okLrfod eku Qyu gS ftldk izkUr D(DR) gS vkSj S, D dk mileqPp; gS] f dks S esa ,dfn"V o)Zeku
(Ðkleku ugha) ¼o)Zeku½ dgrs gS ;fn izR;sd x1, x2  S ds fy, x1 < x2  f(x1)  f(x2). f dks S esa ,dfn"V Ðkleku
¼o)Zeku ugha½ ¼Ðkleku½ dgk tkrk gS ;fn izR;sd x1, x2  S ds fy, x1 < x2  f(x1)  f(x2)
fujUrj o)Zeku dgykrk gS ;fn x1, x2  S ds fy, x1 < x2  f(x1) < f(x2) blh rjg f, S esa fujUrj Ðkleku
f, S esa
dgykrk gS ;fn x1, x2  S ds fy, x1 < x2  f(x1) > f(x2)
uksV : (i) f fujarj o)Zeku gS  f ,dfn"V o)Zeku gS (Ðkleku ugha) ysfdu foykse dk lR; gksuk vko';d
ugha gSA
(ii) f fujarj Ðkleku gS  f ,dfn"V Ðkleku gS (o)Zeku ugha) iqu% foykse dk lR; gksuk vko';d ugha
gSA
(iii) ;fn S esa f(x) = vpj gks] rks f o)Zeku gS vkSj lkFk gh S esa Ðkleku gSA
(iv) ,d Qyu f ,dfn"V o)Zeku Qyu dgykrk gS ;fn ;g blds izkUr esa ,dfn"V o)Zeku gS Bhd
blh rjg ;fn f blds izkUr esa ,dfn"V Ðkleku gks] rks ge dgrs gS fd f ,dfn"V Ðkleku gSA
(v) f ,dfn"V Qyu dgk tkrk gS ;fn ;k rks ;g ,dfn"V o)Zeku gS ;k ,dfn"V Ðkleku gSA
(vi) ;fn f, S ds ,d mileqPp; esa o)Zeku gS vkSj S ds nwljs mileqPp; esa Ðkleku gS] rks f, S eas
,dfn"V ugha gSA
,dfn"Vrk tk¡pus ds fy, vodyu dk mi;ksx
(Application of differentiation for detecting monotonicity) :
ekuk  ,d vUrjky ([kqyk] cUn ;k v/kZ [kqyk ;k v/kZ cUn) gSA
(i) ;fn f(x) > 0  x  , rks f, esa fujUrj o)Zeku gSA
(ii) ;fn f(x) < 0  x  , rks f, esa fujUrj Ðkleku gSA
uksV : ;fn f(x) > 0  x   ds fHkUu&fHkUu dbZ mu fcUnqvksa dks NksM+dj ftu ij f(x) = 0 gks] rks f Hkh  esa fujUrj
,dfn"V o)Zeku gSA fujUrj ,dfn"V Ðkleku Qyu ds fy, Hkh ;gh fLFkfr gSA ¼fHkUu&fHkUu dbZ fcUnqvksa dk eryc gS
fd ,sls fcUnq ftu ij f(x) = 0 gks] ,d vUrjky ugha cukrs gksA½
ekuk x  (a, b) ds fy, dksbZ vU; Qyu gSa ftldk vkys[k fuEu izdkj iznf'kZr gSA

;gk¡ Hkh x  (a,b) ds fy, f(x)  0 gS ijUrq /;ku jgs bl fLFkfr esa lHkh x  (c, d) ,oa (e,b) ds fy, f(x) = 0 dh
lerk gSaA vr% fn;k x;k Qyu (a, b) esa o)Zeku ¼,dfn"V o)Zeku½ gS ijUrq fujUrj o)Zeku ugha gSA

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 Application of Derivatives

mnkgj.k # 14 : ekuk f(x) = x3 , f(x) = 3x2 , x = 0 dks NksM+dj lHkh txg f(x) > 0. vr% x  R ds fy, Qyu f(x) fujUrj
o)Zeku Qyu gksxkA

mnkgj.k # 15 : ekuk f(x) = x – sinx

gy- f(x) = 1 – cosx
vc x = 0, ± 2, ± 4 vkfn dks NksM+dj lHkh txg f (x) > 0 gSa ijUrq ;s lHkh fcUnq fofoDr gS rFkk
vUrjky ugha cukrs gSaA vr% ge fu"d"kZ fudky ldrs gSa fd x  R ds fy, f(x) fujUrj o)Zeku gSaA okLro
esa ge bls vkys[k ls Hkh ns[k ldrs gSA

mnkgj.k # 16 : og vUrjky Kkr dhft, tgk¡ Qyu f(x) = x 3 – 2x 2 – 4x + 7 ,dfn"V o)Zeku gksA
gy : f(x) = x 3 – 2x 2 – 4x + 7
f(x) = 3x 2 – 4x – 4
f(x) = (x – 2) (3x + 2)
 2
,dfn"V o)Zeku gksus ds fy, f(x)  0  x   ,    [2, )
 3 

mnkgj.k # 17 : fuEufyf[kr Qyuksa dh ,dfn"Vrk dk vUrjky Kkr dhft,&

(i) f(x) = x2 (x – 2)2 (ii) f(x) = x n x
gy : (i) f(x) = x (x – 2)
2 2
 f(x) = 4x (x – 1) (x – 2)
f(x) ds fpg~u ifjorZu dk irk yxkuk

vr% x  [0, 1] ,oa [2, ) ds fy, ,dfn"V o)Zeku

,oa x  (– , 0] ,oa [1, 2] ds fy, ,dfn"V Ðkleku
(ii) f(x) = x n x
f(x) = 1 + n x
f(x)  0  n x  – 1  x
1
x 
e
1 
ds fy, ,dfn"V o)Zeku ,oa x   0 ,  ds fy, ,dfn"V ÐklekuA
1
 x   , 
 e   e 

uksV : ;fn Qyu f(x), (a, b) esa ,dfn"V o)Zeku rFkk [a, b] esa f(x) lrr~ gks] rks f(x) vUrjky [a, b] esa o)Zeku gSA
mnkgj.k # 18 : f(x) = [x] ,d lh<+h Qyu (Step up function) gSA D;k ;g x  R ds fy, fujUrj o)Zeku Qyu gSa\
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 Application of Derivatives

gy : ugha, f(x) = [x] o)Zeku ¼,dfn"V o)Zeku½ ¼Ðkleku ugha½ gSa ijUrq blds vkys[k ls Li"V gS fd ;g fujUrj
o)Zeku Qyu ugha gSaA

mnkgj.k # 19 : ;fn f(x) = sin4x + cos4x + bx + c gks] rks b ,oa c ds laHkkfor eku Kkr dhft, rkfd x  R ds fy, Qyu
f(x) ,dfn"V gksA
gy : f(x) = sin4x + cos4x + bx + c  f(x) = 4 sin3x cosx – 4cos3x sinx + b = – sin4x + b.
fLFkfr- (i) : ,dfn"V o)Zeku ds fy, f(x)  0 , x  R ds fy,
 x  R ds fy, b  sin 4x   b1
fLFkfr- (ii) : ,dfn"V Ðkleku ds fy, x  R ds fy, f(x)  0
 x  R ds fy, b sin 4x,  b–1
vr% f(x) ,dfn"V gksus ds fy, b  (– , – 1]  (1, ) ,oa c  R.

mnkgj.k # 20 : a ds laHkkfor eku Kkr dhft, rkfd f(x) = e 2 x – 2(a 2 – 21) e x + 8x + 5 ds fy, ,dfn"V o)Zeku
gksA
gy : f(x) = e 2 x – 2(a 2 – 21) e x + 8x + 5
4
f(x) = 2e 2 x – 2(a 2 – 21) e x + 8  0 ;  c x  R  e x +  a 2 – 21
ex
 4 
4  a 2 – 21  ex   4  a  [–5, 5]
 
x
e

vH;kl dk;Z :
(14) fuEufyf[kr Qyuksa dh ,dfn"Vrk ds vUrjky Kkr dhft,A
1
(i) f(x) = – x3 + 6x2 – 9x – 2 (ii) f(x) = x +
x 1
f(x) = x . ex  x
2
(iii) (iv) f(x) = x – cosx

(15) ;fn f(x) = x – tan–1x gks] rks fl) dhft, fd x  R ds fy, f(x) ,dfn"V o)Zeku gSaA
(16) ;fn lHkh x  R ds fy, f(x) = 2ex – ae–x + (2a + 1) x – 3 ,dfn"V o)Zeku gks] rks a ds ekuksa
dk ifjlj Kkr dhft,A
(17) ;fn f(x) = e2x – aex + 1 gks] rks fl) dhft, fd lHkh x  R ds fy, a ds fdlh Hkh eku ds fy,
f(x) ,dfn"V Ðkleku ugha gks ldrk gSaA
(18) a ds eku Kkr dhft, ftuds fy, Qyu f(x) = (a + 2) x3 – ax2 + 9ax – 1 lHkh x R ds fy,
,dfn"V Ðkleku gSA
Ans. (14) (i) [1, 3] esa o)Zeku ; (– , 1]  (3, ) esa Ðkleku
(ii) (–,–2] [0, ) esa o)Zeku ; [– 2, – 1)  (–1, 0] esa Ðkleku
 1   1
(iii)    , 1 esa o)Zeku ;  ,    [1, ) esa Ðkleku
 2   2 
(iv) x  R ds fy, o)Zeku

10
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 Application of Derivatives

(16) a  0 (18) – < a  – 3

,d fcUnq ij Qyu dh ,dfn"Vrk (Monotonicity of function at a point ) :

1. fcUnq x = a, a  Df ij Qyu f(x) fujUrj o)Zeku Qyu dgykrk gS ;fn x = a ds ifjr% i;kZIr vYi lkfeI; esa
fujUrj o)Zeku gSA

2. fcUnq x = a, a  Df ij Qyu f(x) fujUrj Ðkleku Qyu dgykrk gS ;fn x = a ds ifjr% i;kZIr vYi lkfeI; esa
fujUrj Ðkleku gSA

uksV : ;fn x = a ifjlhek fcUnq gks] rks Qyu f(x) dh ,dfn"Vrk ijh{k.k ds fy, ,d vksj dh vlfedk dk mi;ksx mfpr
gSaA

mnkgj.kr% fuEufyf[kr Qyuksa esa ls dkSulk Qyu x = a ij o)Zeku] Ðkleku ;k u rks o)Zeku u gh Ðkleku gSaA

(i) (ii)

11
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 Application of Derivatives

(iii) (iv)

,d fcUnq ij o)Zeku ,oa Ðkleku Qyu ds fy, ijh{k.k

(Test for increasing and decreasing functions at a point)
(1) ;fn f(a) > 0 gks] rks x = a ij f(x) o)Zeku gSaA
(2) ;fn f(a) < 0 gks] rks x = a ij f(x) Ðkleku gSaA
(3) ;fn f(a) = 0 gks] rks a ds ck;sa lkfeI; vkSj nk;sa lkfeI; ij f(x) ds fpg~u dh tk¡p djrs gSA
(i) ;fn nksuksa lkfeI;ksa ij f(x) /kukRed gS] rks f, x = a ij o)Zeku gSA
(ii) ;fn nksuksa lkfeI;ksa ij f(x) _.kkRed gS] rks f, x = a ij Ðkleku gSA
(iii) ;fn bu lkfeI;ksa ij f(x) ds fpg~u foijhr gks] rks f, x = a ij ,dfn"V ugha gSA

mnkgj.k # 21 : ekuk f(x) = x3 – 3x + 2 gks] rks x = 0, 1, 2 ij Qyu dh ,dfn"Vrk dh tk¡p dhft,A

gy : f(x) = x3 – 3x + 2
f(x) = 3(x2 – 1)
(i) f(0) = – 3  x = 0 ij Ðkleku
(ii) f(1) = 0 ,oa ck;sa lkfeI; esa f(x) /kukRed gS vkSj nk;sa lkfeI; esa f(x) _.kkRed gSA
 x = 1 ij u rks o)Zeku u gh Ðkleku
(iii) f(2) = 9   x = 2 ij o)Zeku
uksV: mijksDr fu;e dsoy mu Qyuksa ij ykxw gksrk gS tks x = a ij larr~ gksA
vH;kl dk;Z :
(19) x = a ij Qyu f(x) dh ,dfn"Vrk gksus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr vkys[kksa ij fVIi.kh dhft,A

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(20) ;fn f(x) = x3 – 3x2 + 3x + 4 gks] rks fcUnqvksa (i) x = 0 (ii) x = 1 ij f(x) dh izd`fr ij fVIi.kh dhft,A
 x 0  x 1
(21) Qyu f(x) =  . dk vkys[k cukb,A x = 0,1, 2 ij Qyu f(x) ds ,dfn"V gksus ij
[x] 1  x  2
fVIi.kh dhft,A D;k x  [0, 2] ds fy, Qyu f(x) ,dfn"V o)Zeku gSa \
Ans. (19) (i) u rks ,dfn"V o)Zeku u gh ,dfn"V Ðkleku (ii) ,dfn"V Ðkleku
(iii) ,dfn"V Ðkleku (iv) ,dfn"V o)Zeku
(20) nksuksa x = 0 ,oa x = 1 ij ,dfn"V o)Zeku
(21) x = 0, 2 ij ,dfn"V o)Zeku] x = 1 ij u rks ,dfn"V o)Zeku u gh ,dfn"V ÐklekuA
ugha] x  [0, 2] ds fy, Qyu f(x) ,dfn"V o)Zeku ugha gSA

12
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 Application of Derivatives

ije mPpre (Global Maximum) :

fdlh Qyu f(x) esa ,d ije mPpre fo|eku gS ;fn de ls de ,d c E bl izdkj gS fd f(x)  f(c)  x E.
vr% ge dg ldrs gS fd ije mfPp"V x = c ij feyrk gS rFkk bldk eku f(c) gSA

LFkkuh; mfPp"V (Local Maxima) :

fdlh Qyu f(x) esa x = c ij ,d LFkkuh; mPpre gksrk gS ;fn vUrjky (c – h, c + h), h > 0 esa f(x) dk vf/kdre
eku f(c) gSA
vFkkZr~ lHkh x (c – h, c + h), x c ds fy, f(x)  f(c)

ije fuEure (Global Minimum) :

fdlh Qyu f(x) esa ,d ije fuEure gksrk gS ;fn de ls de ,d c E bl izdkj gS fd f(x)  f(c)  x E.

LFkkuh; fufEu"V (Local Minima) :

fdlh Qyu f(x) esa x = c ij ,d LFkkuh; fuEure gksrk gS ;fn c ds lkfeI; vUrjky (c – h, c + h), h > 0 esa Qyu
dk U;wure eku f(c) gksA
vFkkZr~ lHkh x (c –h, c + h), x c ds fy, f(x)  f(c)

pje (Extrema) :
,d mfPp"V ;k ,d fufEu"V dks pje dgk tkrk gSA

Li"Vhdj.k % ekuk y = f(x), x [a, b] dk vkys[k fuEu gS&

x = c2, x = c4 LFkkuh; mfPp"V fcUnq gS tcfd bu fcUnqvksa ij vf/kdre eku Øe'k% f(c2), f(c4) gaSA
x = c1, x = c3 LFkkuh; fufEu"V fcUnq gS tcfd bu fcUnqvksa ij fuEure eku Øe'k% f(c1), f(c3) gaSA
x = c2 ije mfPp"V fcUnq gSA
x = c3 ije fufEu"V fcUnq gSA
ekuk y = h(x), x [a, b) dk vkys[k fuEu gS&
h(c4)

h(c1)
h(c3)
h(c2)
h(a)

a c1 c2 c3 c4 b

x = c1, x = c4 LFkkuh; mfPp"V fcUnq gS tcfd vf/kdre eku Øe'k% h(c1), h(c4) gSA
x = c2 LFkkuh; fufEu"V fcUnq gS tcfd U;wure eku Øe'k% h(c2) gSA
x = c3 u rks mfPPk"V fcUnq gS vkSj u gh fufEu"V fcUnq gSA
ije mfPp"V h(c4) gSA
ije fufEu"V h(a) gSA

| x | 0  | x |  2
mnkgj.k # 22 : ;fn f(x) =  . gks] rks x = 0 ij Qyu f(x) ds O;ogkj dh foospuk dhft,A
 1 x0
gy : x = 0 ij Qyu LFkkuh; mfPp"V j[krk gSA

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 Application of Derivatives

 3 (b3  b2  b  1)
–x  0  x 1
mnkgj.k # 23 : ;fn f(x) =  (b2  3b  2)
 2x  3 1 x  3

gks] rks b ds os lHkh laHko eku Kkr dhft, ftuds fy, x = 1 ij f(x) U;wure eku j[krk gSA
gy : bl rjg ds iz'uksa dks xzkQh; fof/k }kjk vklkuh ls gy dj ldrs gSA

vkys[k ls Li"V gS fd x = 1 ij Qyu f(x) dh cka;h lhek dk eku] x = 1 ij Qyu f(x) ds eku ls ;k rks vf/kd
gksxk ;k mlds cjkcj gksxkA
lim f(x)  f(1)
x 1

(b3  b2  b  1)
 – 1 +  – 1
(b2  3b  2)
(b2  1)(b  1)
  0
(b  1) (b  2)
 b  (– 2, –1)  [1, + )

vH;kl dk;Z :
(22) fn, x, fuEufyf[kr oØksa ds fy, Kkr dhft, fd x = a, Qyu dk LFkkuh; mfPp"V fcUnq] LFkkuh; fufEu"V
fcUnq vFkok nksuksa gh ugha &

(i) (ii) (iii)

(23) fn;s x;s oØksa dh tk¡p djds ije mfPp"V@fufEu"V fcUnq ,oa LFkkuh; mfPp"V@fufEu"V fcUnq Kkr dhft,A

(i) (ii) (iii)

Ans. (22) (i) mfPp"V (ii) u rks mfPp"V u gh fufEu"V

(iii) fufEu"V
(23) (i) x = 2 ij LFkkuh; mfPp"V] x = 3 ij LFkkuh; fufEu"V] x = 2 ij ij
mfPp"V

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 Application of Derivatives

(ii) x = – 1 ij LFkkuh; fufEu"V tcfd ije fufEu"V] LFkkuh; ,oa ije mfPp"V ds
fcUnq fo|eku ugha gSA
(iii) x = 1 ij LFkkuh; ,oa ije mfPp"V] x = 0 ij LFkkuh; ,oa ije fufEu"VA

Maxima, Minima for vodyuh; Qyuksa ds fy, mfPp"V] fufEu"V (Maxima Minima for differentiable
functions) :
dsoy ifjHkk"kk dk iz;ksx djds mfPp"V] fufEu"V ds iz'uksa dks gy djuk eqf'dy gksrk gSA vr% bl leL;k ds gy ds
fy, vodyuh;rk fl)kUr dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
pje fcUnq ds fy, vko';d izfrcU/k (A necessary condition for an extrema) :
ekuk f(x), x = c ij vodyuh; gSA
izes; (Theorem) : f(x) dk pje eku f(c) gksus ds fy, vko';d izfrcU/k gS fd f(c) = 0 gksA vFkkZr~ f(c) pje eku gSA 
  f(c) = 0

uksV : f(c) = 0 dsoy vko';d izfrcU/k gS ysfdu i;kZIr ugha gSA

vFkkZr~ f(c) = 0  
  f(c) pje gSA

ekuk f(x) = x3
f(0) = 0
ysfdu f(0) pje fcUnq ugha gSA ¼fp=k ns[ksa½
pje fcUnq ds fy, i;kZIr izfrcU/k (Sufficient condition for an extrema) :
ekuk f(x) vodyuh; Qyu gSA
izes; (Theorem) : f(x) dk pje eku f(c) gksus ds fy, i;kZIr izfrcU/k gS fd f(x) dk fpg~u x = c dks ikj djus ij ifjofrZr
gksA
vFkkZr~ f(c) ,d pje fcUnq gS ;fn vkSj dsoy ;fn x }kjk c dks ikj djus ij f(x) dk fpg~u ifjofrZr gksA¼fp=k ns[ksa½

x = c ,d LFkkuh; mfPp"V fcUnq gSA x = c dks ikj djrs le; f(x) dk fpg~u /kukRed ls _.kkRed esa ifjofrZr gksrk
gSA

x = c ,d LFkkuh; fufEu"V gSA x = c dks ikj djrs le; f(x) dk fpg~u _.kkRed ls /kukRed gksrk gSA

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 Application of Derivatives

fLFkj fcUnq (Stationary points) :

Qyu f(x) ds vkys[k ij os fcUnq tgk¡ ij f(x) = 0 gks] fLFkj fcUnq dgykrs gSA
fLFkj fcUnq ij f(x) ds ifjorZu dh nj 'kwU; gksrh gSA

mnkgj.k # 24 : f(x) = 4x3 – 6x2 – 24x + 9 ds fy, fLFkj fcUnqvksa dks Kkr dhft,A
gy : f(x) = 12x2 – 12x – 24
f(x) = 0  x = – 1, 2
f(– 1) = 23, f(2) = – 31 vr% (– 1, 23), (2, – 31) fLFkj fcUnq gSA

mnkgj.k # 25 : ;fn f(x) = x3 + ax2 + bx + c ds x = – 1 ,oa x = 3 ij pje fcUnq gks] rks a, b, c Kkr dhft,A
gy : pje eku dk vFkZ vf/kdre ;k U;wure eku ls gS] pw¡fd f(x) vodyuh; Qyu gSA
vr% f(– 1) = 0 = f(3)
f(x) = 3x2 + 2ax + b
f(3) = 27 + 6a + b = 0
f(– 1) = 3 – 2a + b = 0  a = – 3, b = – 9, c  R

izFke vodyt ijh{k.k (First Derivative Test) :

ekuk f(x) ,d lrr~ vkSj vodyuh; Qyu gSA
pj.k -  f(x) Kkr dhft,A
pj.k- .  f(x) = 0 dks gy dhft,A ekuk x = c ,d gy gS (vFkkZr~ fLFkj fcUnq Kkr dhft,A)
pj.k - . fpg~u ifjorZu dk izs{k.k djus ij
(i) ;fn f(x) dk fpg~u x = c ij ck;ha vksj ls nk;ha vksj tkus ij _.kkRed ls /kukRed gksrk gS rc
x = c LFkkuh; fufEu"V fcUnq gSA
(ii) ;fn f(x) dk fpg~u x = c ij ck;ha vksj ls nk;ha vksj tkus ij /kukRed ls _.kkRed gksrk gS rc
x = c LFkkuh; mfPp"V fcUnq gSA
(iii) ;fn x = c dks ikj djus ij f(x) dk fpg~u ifjofrZr ugha gksrk gS] rc x = c u rks mfPp"V fcUnq gS
vkSj u gh fufEu"V fcUnq gSA

mnkgj.ke # 26 : f(x) = x2 (x – 2)2 ds mfPp"V vkSj fufEu"V fcUnqvksa dks Kkr dhft,A
gy : f(x) = x2 (x – 2)2  f(x) = 4x (x – 1) (x – 2)   f(x) = 0  x = 0, 1, 2
f(x) ds fpg~u dk izs{k.k djus ij

vr% x = 1 mfPp"V fcUnq gS] x = 0, 2 fufEu"V fcUnq gSA

uksV : lRkr~ Qyu ds lanHkZ esa mfPp"V ,oa fufEu"V fcUnq ,dkUrj gksrs gSaA
mnkgj.k # 27 : Qyu f(x) = x3 – 12x ds fy, mfPp"V ,oa fufEu"V fcUnq Kkr dhft, rFkk Qyu dk vkys[k Hkh cukb,A
gy : f(x) = x3 – 12x
f(x) = 3(x2 – 4) = 3(x – 2) (x + 2)
f(x) = 0  x=±2

vkys[k cukus ds fy, gesa f(x) ds mfPp"V ,oa fufEu"V eku Kkr djus gkasxsA

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 Application of Derivatives

x f(x)
2 16
2 16

mnkgj.k # 28 : iznf'kZr dhft, fd Qyu f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + 12x – 8 ds fy, mfPp"V ,oa fufEu"V dk dksbZ Hkh fcUnq fo|eku
ugha gSA
gy : f(x) = x – 6x2 + 12x – 8
3

f(x) = 3(x2 – 4x + 4)
f(x) = 3(x – 2)2
f(x) = 0  x=2
ysfdu ;g Li"V gS fd fcUnq x = 2 ls xqtjus ij f(x) dk fpg~u vifjofrZr jgrk gSA pw¡fd f(2+) > 0 ,oa
f(2–) > 0, vr% Qyu f(x) ds fy, mfPp"V ;k fufEu"V dk dksbZ fcUnq fo|eku ugha gSA
okLro esa f(x), x  R ds fy, ,dfn"V o)Zeku Qyu gSA

mnkgj.k # 29 : ekukfd f(x) = x3 + 3(a – 7)x2 + 3(a2 – 9) x – 1 gSA ;fn f(x) ds fy, mfPp"V dk fcUnq /kukRed gks] rks
a ds lHkh lEHko eku Kkr dhft,A
gy : f(x) = 3 [x2 + 2(a – 7)x + (a2 – 9)] = 0
ekuk f(x) = 0 ds ewy ,  gS rFkk <  gSA f(x) ds fpg~u ifjorZu ijh{k.k ls

NksVs ewy x =  tks fd /kukRed gS] ij mfPp"V fcUnq gSA

vr% Li"V gS fd f(x) = 0 ds nksuksa ewy /kukRed ,oa fHké&fHké gksus pkfg,A

29
(i) D > 0  a <
7
b
(ii) – > 0  a < 7
2a
(iii) f(0) > 0  a  (– , – 3) (3, )
 29 
(i), (ii) vkSj (iii) ls   a  (– , – 3)   3,
 7 

vH;kl dk;Z :
(24) fuEufyf[kr Qyuksa dk LFkkuh; mfPp"V vkSj fufEu"V fcUnq Kkr dhft,A
(i) f(x) = (x – 1)3 (x + 2)2 (ii) f(x) = x3 + x2 + x + 1.
4
Ans. (i) x = – 2 ij mfPp"V, x = – ij fufEu"V
5
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 Application of Derivatives

(ii) LFkkuh; mfPp"V ;k fufEu"V dk dksbZ fcUnq ugha gSA

lrr~ Qyuksa ds fy, mfPp"V@fufEu"V (Maxima Minima for continuous functions) :

ekuk f(x) lrr~ Qyu gSA
Økafrd fcUnq (Critical points) :
og fcUnq tgk¡ f(x) = 0 ;k f(x) vodyuh; ugha gks] Økafrd fcUnq  dgykrs gSA fLFkj fcUnq Økafrd fcUnq
mnkgj.k # 30 : f(x) = max (sinx, cosx)  x  (0, 2) ds Økafrd fcUnqvksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A

gy :
  5
f(x) ds rhu Økafrd fcUnq x = , , .
4 2 4

egRoiw.kZ uksV (Important Note) :

R esa f(x) ifjHkkf"kr gksus ds fy, pje fcUnq ¼;fn fo|eku gks½ dsoy Økafrd fcUnq ij izkIr gksrs gSA

mnkgj.k # 31 : Qyu f(x) = |x2 – 2x| (x  R) ds fy, laHkkfor mfPp"V@fufEu"V fcUnq Kkr dhft,A
 x 2  2x x2

gy : f(x) = 2x  x 0  x  2
2

 x 2  2x x0

2(x  1) x  2

f(x) = 2(1  x) 0  x  2
2(x  1) x  0

x = 1 ij f(x) = 0 rFkk x = 0, 2 ij f(x) dk vfLrRo ugha gSA vr% ;s fcUnq laEHkkfor Økafrd fcUnq gSA

 x3  x 2  10x x  0
mnkgj.k # 32 : ekuk f(x) =  . x = 0 ij f(x) dh izo`fr dk ijh{k.k dhft,A
 3 sin x x0

gy : x = 0 ij f(x) lrr~ Qyu gSA

3x  2x  10 x  0
2
f(x) = 
 3cos x x0
vr% ugha gSA
x = 0 ij f(x) vodyuh; x = 0 ,d Økafrd fcUnq gSA
rFkk vodyt dk fpg~u _.kkRed ls /kukRed gksrk gSA blfy, x = 0 LFkkuh; fufEu"V fcUnq gSA
mnkgj.k # 33 : f(x) = 4x3 – 6x2 – 24x + 9 ds Økafrd fcUnq Kkr dhft, ;fn
(i) x  [0, 3] (ii) x  [–3, 3] (iii) x  [– 1, 2].
gy : f(x) = 12(x2 – x – 2) = 12(x – 2) (x + 1)
f(x) = 0  x = – 1 ;k 2
(i) ;fn x  [0, 3] , x = 2 Økafrd fcUnq gSA
(ii) ;fn x  [– 3, 3] rc x = – 1, 2 nks Økafrd fcUnq gkasxsA
(iii) ;fn x  [– 1, 2] rc dksbZ Økafrd fcUnq ugha gS D;ksafd x = –1 vkSj x = 2 nksuksa lhekUr fcUnq gSA
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 Application of Derivatives

uksV : Økafrd fcUnq lnSo vUrjky ds vkUrfjd fcUnq gksrs gSaA

lrr~ Qyuksa ds fy, ije pje (Global extrema for continuous functions) :
(i) Qyu can varjky ds fy, ifjHkkf"kr gSA
ekuk f(x), x [a, b] lrr~ Qyu gSA
pj.k - I :Økafrd fcUnq Kkr dhft,A ekukfd ;s c1, c2 ......., cn gSaA
pj.k - II: f(a), f(c1).........., f(cn), f(b) Kkr dhft,A
ekuk M = max.{ f(a), f(c1),..........., f(cn), f(b)}
m = min.{f(a), f(c1), ........f(cn), f(b)}
pj.k -   M ije mfPp"V gSA
m ije fufEu"V gSA

(ii) Qyu [kqyk varjky ds fy, ifjHkkf"kr gSA

ekuk f(x), x (a, b) lrr~ Qyu gSA
pj.k - I  Økafrd fcUnq Kkr dhft,A ekukfd ;s c1, c2, .......cn
pj.k - II  f(c1), f(c2), ........., f(cn) Kkr dhft,A
ekuk M = max · {f(c1), .......f(cn)}
m = min· {f(c1),............,f(cn)}
pj.k - III Lim f(x) = 1 (say), Lim– f(x) = 2 (ekuk)
x  a x  b

;fn  = min.{1, 2}, L = max.{1, 2}

pj.k - IV (i) ;fn m  gks] rks m ije fufEu"V gSA
(ii) ;fn m >  gks] rks f(x) dk dksbZ ije fufEu"V ugha gSA
(iii) ;fn M  L gks] rks M dk ije mfPp"V gSA
(iv) ;fn M < L gks] rks f(x) dk dksbZ ije mfPp"V ugha gSA

mnkgj.k # 34 : f(x) = x3 – 12x, x  [– 1, 3] dk vf/kdre vkSj fuEure eku Kkr dhft,A

gy : mfPp"V vkSj fufEu"V ftu fcUnqvksa ij izkIr gksaxs os Økafrd fcUnq vkSj lhekUr fcUnq gSA
x  [– 1, 3] vkSj f(x) = x3 – 12x ds fy, dsoy Økafrd fcUnq x = 2 gSA
bu fcUnqvksa x = – 1, 2, 3 ij f(x) dk eku Kkr djds egÙke ,oa U;wure eku izkIr dj ldrs gSaA
x f(x)
1 11
2 16
3 9

 f(x) dk fufEu"V = – 16 ,oa f(x) dk mfPp"V = 11.

vH;kl dk;Z :
(25) ekuk f(x) = x 3 + x 2 – x – 4
(i) f(x), x  R ds fy, mfPp"V@fufEu"V ds laHkkfor fcUnq Kkr dhft,A
(ii) x  [1, 3] ds fy, f(x) ds Økafrd fcUnqvksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A
(iii) x  [–2, 2] ds fy, f(x) ds ije mfPp"V@fufEu"V dk foospu dhft,A
(iv) fl) dhft, fd x  (1, 3) ds fy, Qyu dk ije mfPPk"B eku ugha gSA
1
Ans. (i) x = –1, (ii) 'kqU;
3
(iii) f(–2) = –6 ije fufEu"V gS vkSj f(2) = 6 ije mfPp"V gSA

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 Application of Derivatives


 x2  x ; 1  x  0

mnkgj.k # 35 : ekuk f(x) =   ; x0

log1/ 2  x  1  ; 0  x  3
  2 2
 = 0 ,oa = 1 ds fy, ije mfPp"V] ije fufEu"V dh foospuk dhft,A  ds fdl eku ds fy, f(x) dk
eku ije mfp"B gSA
gy :  = 0 ds fy, y = f(x) dk vkys[k fuEu gS&
1

–1/2 3/2
–1

–1

ije mfPp"V] ije fufEu"V fo|eku ugha gSA

 = 1 ds fy, y = f(x) dk vkys[k fuEu gS&

–1/2 3/2
–1

–1

ije mfp"B eku 1 gS tks x = 0 ij izkIr gksrk gSA

ije fufEu"V fo|eku ugha gSA
Lim f(x) = 0, Lim f(x) = 1, f(0) = 
x 0 x 0

ije mfp"B fo|eku gksus ds fy, f(0)  1   1.

f(0)  1     1.

x2  4 1
mnkgj.k # 36 : f(x) = . ds pje fcUnq Kkr dhft,A g(x) = dk vkys[k cukb, rFkk blds LFkkuh; ,oa ije
2x  3 f(x)
pje ij dFku nhft,A
2(x 2  3x  4) 2(x  4)(x  1)
gy : f(x) = = =0
(2x  3) 2
(2x  3)2
1
3

–4 4
3

2
1
1

4

x = –4 ij LFkkuh; fufEu"V izkIr gksrk gSA

x = 1 ij LFkkuh; mfPp"V izkIr gksrk gSA

1  2x  3 
 2
f(x)  x  4 
g(x) =

2(x  4)(x  1)
g'(x) =
(x 2  4)2
x = –4 LFkkuh; fufEu"V gSA
x = 1 LFkkuh; mfPp"V gSA
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 Application of Derivatives

g(x) dk ije pje fo|eku ugha gSA

–4 –3/2 1
–4

vH;kl dk;Z :
1
(26) ekuk f(x) = x + . f(x) dk LFkkuh; mfPp"V ,oa LFkkuh; fufEu"V Kkr dhft,A D;k vki bl LFkkuh;
x
U;wure eku ds LFkkuh; vf/kdre eku ls vf/kd gksus dh fHkUurk dh O;k[;k dj ldrs gS \

(x   )2 x0
(27) (27) ekuk f(x) =  ,  ds laEHkkfor eku Kkr dhft, rkfd x = 0 ij f(x) LFkkuh;
 cos x x0
mfPp"V j[krk gksA
Ans. (26) x = –1 ij LFkkuh; mfPPk"B f(–1) = – 2 ; x = 1 ij LFkkuh; fufEu"V f(1) = 2.
(27)  [ –1, 1)

mPp Øe ds vodytksa }kjk mfPp"V@fufEu"V Kkr djuk

(Maxima Minima by heigher order derivatives) :
f}rh; vodyt ijh{k.k (Second derivative test) :
ekuk f(x) dk mPp vodyt f}rh; Øe rd gSA
pj.k - I. f(x) Kkr dhft,A
pj.k - II. f(x) = 0 dks gy dhft,A ekuk x = c ,d gy gSA
pj.k - III. f(c) Kkr dhft,A
pj.k - IV.
(i) ;fn f(c) = 0 rc vkxs ijh{k.k dh vko';drk gSA
(ii) ;fn f(c) > 0 rc x = c fufEu"V fcUnq gSA
(iii) ;fn f(c) < 0 rc x = c mfPp"V fcUnq gSA

mfPp"V ds fy, f(x) /kukRed ls _.kkRed gksrk gSA ¼fp=kkuqlkj½

 f(x) Ðkleku Qyu gSa vr% f(c) < 0

mnkgj.k # 37 : f(x) = sin2x – x, x  (0, ) ds fy, LFkkuh; mfPp"V ;k fufEu"V fcUnq Kkr dhft,A
gy : f(x) = sin2x – x
f(x) = 2cos2x – 1
1  5
f(x) = 0  cos 2x =  x = ,
2 6 6
f(x) = – 4 sin 2x

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 Application of Derivatives

 
f   < 0  x = ij mfPp"V
6 6
 5  5
  f   > 0  x = ij mfPp"V
 6  6

vH;kl dk;Z %
(28) ekuk f(x) = sinx (1 + cosx) ; x  (0, 2), f(x) ØkfUrd fcUnqvksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft, rFkk bu ØkfUrd
fcUnqvksa esa ls mfPp"V/fufEu"V fcUnq Kkr dhft,A
Ans. rhu

mfPp"V fcUnq x = gSA
3
x =  pje fcUnq ugha gSA
5
fufEu"V fcUnq x = gSA
3

noka vodyt ijh{k.k (nth Derivative test) :

ekuk f(x) dk n osa Øe rd vodyt fo|eku gSA
;fn f(c) = f(c) = ..........= fn–1(c) = 0 vkSj
fn(c) 0 rc fuEufyf[kr laEHkkouk,¡ gS&
(i) n le gS, f(n)(c) < 0 x = c mfPPk"V fcUnq gSA
(ii) n le gS, f(n)(c) > 0 x = c fufEu"V fcUnq gSA
(iii) n fo"ke gS, f(n)(c) < 0 f(x), x = c ds ifjr% Ðkleku gSA
(iv) n fo"ke gS, f(n) > 0 f(x), x = c ds ifjr% o)Zeku gSA

mnkgj.k # 38 : f(x) = x5 – 5x4 + 5x3 – 1 ds fy, LFkkuh; mfPPk"V vkSj fufEu"V fcUnq Kkr dhft,A
gy : f(x) = x5 – 5x4 + 5x3 – 1
f(x) = 5x2 (x – 1) (x – 3)
f(x) = 0  x = 0, 1, 3
f(x) = 10x (2x2 – 6x + 3)
vc f(1) < 0  x = 1 ij mfPPk"B
f(3) > 0  x = 3 ij fufEu"V
vkSj f(0) = 0  f}rh; vodyt ijh{k.k vlQy gSA
vr% f(x) = 30 (2x – 4x + 1)
2

f(0) = 30  x = 0 ij u rks mfPPk"B gS u fufEu"V

uksV : izFke pj.k ds ckn f(x) ds fpg~u ifjorZu ls mfPp"V ,oa fufEu"V dh tk¡p dkQh lqfo/kktud gSA f(x) dk
x = 0 ij dksbZ fpg~u ifjorZu ugha gksrk gSA
f(x) = 5x2 (x – 1) (x – 3)

mfPp"V ,oa fufEu"V ds vuqiz;ksx (Application of Maxima/Minima to Problems)

fdlh fn, x, iz'u dks gy djus ds fy, ,d mn~ns'kh; Qyu dks dsoy izkpy ds :i esa cuk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj
pje eku mlds vodyt dks 'kwU; djds izkIr fd, tk ldrs gSA tSlk fd Hkkx *ØkafUrd fcUnq* esa crk;k x;k gS]
mfPp"V ,oa fufEu"V Kkr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

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 Application of Derivatives

;kn j[kus ds fy, {ks=kfefr ds mi;ksxh lw=k (Useful Formulae of Measuration to Remember)
1 2
o`Ùkh; Hkkx dk {ks=kQy = r tcfd  jsfM;u esa gSA
2
?ku dk vk;ru = a3, ?ku dk i`"Bh; {ks=kQy = 6a2
?kukHk dk vk;ru = bh, ?kukHk dk i`"Bh; {ks=kQy = 2(b + bh + h)

3-D fp=k vk;ru dqy i`"Bh; {ks=kQy oØ i`"Bh; {ks=kQy

'kadq 1 2 r + r2 oØ i`"Bh; {ks=kQy = r
r h
3

csyu r2h 2rh + 2r2 oØ i`"Bh; {ks=kQy = 2rh

xksyk 4 3 4r2
r
3

fizTe (vk/kkj dk {ks-) × (Å¡pkbZ) oØ i`"Bh; {ks=kQy oØ i`"Bh; {ks=kQy =

+ 2 (vk/kkj dk {ks-) (vk/kkj dh ifjferh) × (Å¡pkbZ)
ledks.kh; 1 oØ i`"B {ks=kQy oØ i`"Bh; {ks=kQy =
× (vk/kkj dk {ks-) × (Å¡pkbZ)
fijkfeM 3
+ (vk/kkj dk {ks-) 
×(vk/kkj dh ifjferh) × (fr;Zd Å¡pkbZ)
2

( uksV % fizTe dk oØi`"B lHkh vk;r gSA)

( uksV % fijkfeM+ dk oØ i`"B f=kHkqt gSA)

mnkgj.k # 39 : ;fn lehdj.k x3 + px + q = 0 ds rhu okLrfod ewy gks] rks çnf'kZr fdft, fd 4p3 + 27q2 < 0
gy % f(x) = x3 + px + q, f(x) = 3x2 + p
   f(x) dk ,d mfPp"V > 0 rFkk ,d fufEu"V < 0 gksuk pkfg,A
p
 x=± , p0
3
p p
x=– ij f vf/kdre ,oa x = ij f U;wure gSA
3 3
 p   p 
f–
  f    0
 3   3 
 2p p   2p p 
 q    q  0
 3 3   3 3 
4p3
q2 + < 0, 4p3 + 27q2 < 0.
27

mnkgj.k # 40 : ,slh nks /kukRed la[;k,¡ x vkSj y Kkr dhft, ftudk ;ksx 60 gks ,oa xq.ku xy3 vf/kdre gksA
gy : x + y = 60  x = 60 – y   xy3 = (60 – y)y3
ekuk f(y) = (60 – y) y3 ; y  (0, 60)
f(y) dks vf/kdre gksus ds fy, ge Økafrd fcUnq Kkr djrs gSA
f(y) = 3y2 (60 – y) – y3 = 0
f(y) = y2 (180 – 4y) = 0  y = 45
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 Application of Derivatives

f(45+) < 0 rFkk f(45–) > 0 vr% LFkkuh; mfPp"V y = 45 ij gSA

vr% x = 15 ,oa y = 45.

mnkgj.k # 41 : r f=kT;k okys ,d v/kZo`Ùk ds vUrxZr vk;r cuk;k x;k gks] rks vf/kdre {ks=kQy dk vk;r Kkr dhft,A
gy : ekuk fd vk;r dh Hkqtk,¡ x vkSj y gSaA
 A = xy.
;gk¡ x vkSj y Lora=k pj ugha gS vkSj ikbFkkxksjl izes; ls r ds lkFk lEcfU/kr gSA
x2 x2
+ y2 = r 2  y = r2 
4 4
x2
 A(x) = x r2 
4
x4
  A(x) = x 2r 2 
4
x4
ekuk f(x) = r 2 x 2 – ; x  (0, r)
4

A(x) vf/kdre gS tc f(x) vf/kdre gSA

vr% f(x) = x(2r 2 – x 2 ) = 0  x = r 2

 
vkSj f(r 2 ) < 0 and f(r 2 ) > 0
r
vr% f(x) vf/kdre gksxk tc x = r 2 vkSj y = y = .
2
oSdfYid fof/k ekuk vc funsZ'kkad i)fr ds mi;ksx ls ftlesa ewy fcUnq o`Ùk dk dsUnz gSA ¼fp=kkuqlkj½
A = xy
 A = 2 (rcos) (rsin)

A = xy

 
 A = 2 (rcos ) (rsin)  A = r 2 sin2   0, 
 2
 r
Li"V gS fd A vf/kdre gksxk tc  = gksA x = r 2 vkSj y = .
4 2

mnkgj.k # 42 : n'kkZb;s fd ‘r’ f=kT;k ds o`Ùk ds ifjxr lef}ckgq f=kHkqt dk U;wure ifjeki is 6 3 r gSA
gy : AQ = r cot  = AP
AO = r cosec

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 Application of Derivatives

(
Q P

r r
x O x

B
  x N x C
x
= tan
AO  ON
x = (r cosec + r) tan
x = r(sec + tan)
ifjeki = p = 4x + 2AQ
p = 4r(sec + tan) + 2rcot
p = r(4sec + 4tan + 2cot)
dp
= r[4sec tan + 4sec2  – 2cosec2]
d
dp
mfPp"B o fufEu"B ds fy, = 0 2sin3  + 3sin2 – 1 = 0 
d
   (sin + 1) (2sin2 + sin – 1) = 0
(sin + 1)2 (2sin – 1) = 0  sin = 1/2   = 30° = /6
 4.2 4
pleast = r  
 8  4  6 
 2 3 = r 
6 3 3   =6 3
 =r r
 3 3   3  3

mnkgj.k # 43 : ekuk A(1, 2) rFkk B(– 2, – 4) nks fLFkj fcUnq gSaA ljy js[kk y = x ij ,d pj fcUnq P bl izdkj pquk
tkrk gS fd PAB dh ifjeki U;wure gks] rks fcUnq P ds funsZ'kkad Kkr dhft,A
gy : pw¡fd nwjh AB fu;r gS vr% PAB ds ifjeki dks U;wure djus
ds fy, (PA + PB) dks U;wure djuk gksxkA
ekuk fcUnq A dk ljy js[kk y = x esa izfrfcEc fcUnq A gSaA ¼fp=kkuqlkj½
F(P) = PA + PB
F(P) = PA + PB
ysfdu PAB ds fy,

PA + PB  AB vkSj P, A,B ds lajs[kh; gksus dh fLFkfr esa lerk fo|eku gksxhA vr% iFk dh yEckbZ U;wure gksus
ds fy, P ,d ,slk fo'ks"k fcUnq gS ftlds fy, PA ,oa PB niZ.k js[kk y = x esa Øe'k% vkifrr fdj.k ,oa ijkofrZr
fdj.k cu tk;sA
fcUnq A ,oa B dks feykus okyh ljy js[kk dk lehdj.k y = 2x.
bl ljy js[kk dk] ljy js[kk y = x ds lkFk izfrPNsn fcUnq P gksxkA
vr% P  (0, 0).

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 Application of Derivatives

uksV: mijksDr fl)kUr vR;f/kd mi;ksxh gS D;ksafd bl rjg ds iz'uksa esa P dh fLFkfr dks ifjeki dk Qyu cukdj
U;wure djus esa gy cgqr yEck gks tkrk gSaA
vE;kl dk;Z :
(29) ,slh nks /kukRed la[;k,¡ x vkSj y Kkr dhft, ftudk ;ksx 35 gks ,oa xq.kuQy x2 y5 vf/kdre gksA
(30) /kkrq dh 18 cms Hkqtk okyh ,d oxkZdkj pknj ds pkjksa dksuksa ls ,d leku oxZ dkVs x;s gSaA Hkqtkvksa dks
Åij dh vksj eksM+dj fcuk <+Ddu dk ,d lUnwd cuk;k x;k gSA bl izdkj fufeZr lUnwd dk vk;ru
vf/kdre gksus ds fy, dkVs x;s oxZ dh Hkqtk dh yEckbZ Kkr dhft,A
(31) fl) dhft, fd fdlh fn;s x;s i`"Vh; {ks=kQy okys yEc o`Ùkh; csyu dk vk;ru vf/kdre gksxk ;fn csyu
dh Å¡pkbZ mlds vk/kkj ds O;kl ds cjkcj gksA

x2 y2
(32) nh?kZo`Ùk + = 1 ij [khaps x, ,d vfHkyEc dh dsUnz ls vf/kdre nwjh Kkr dhft,A
25 16
(33) fcUnq P(1, 2) ls xqtjus okyh ,d ljy js[kk bl izdkj [khaph tkrh gS fd ;g /kukRed funsZ'kh
v{kksa dks Øe'k% fcUnqvksa A vkSj B ij dkVrh gks] rks PAB dk U;wure {ks=kQy Kkr dhft,A

(34) nks dLcs A ,oa B ,d lh/kh lM+d ds ,d gh vksj fLFkr gS vkSj budh lM+d ls nwjh Øe'k% a ,oa b gSA A
vkSj B ls Mkys x;s yEc lM+d dks Øe'k% fcUnq C ,oa D ij feyrs gSaA C ,oa D ds e/; nwjh c gSA lM+d
ij fdlh fcUnq P ij vLirky bl izdkj cuk;k tkrk gS fd nwjh APB U;wure gksA fcUnq P dh fLFkfr Kkr
dhft,A
Ans. (29) x = 25, y = 10 (30) 3 cm (32) 1 bdkbZ

ac
(33) 4 bdkbZ (34) C ls P dh nwjh gSA
ab

vlfedkvksa dks fl) djus ds fy, ,dfn"Vrk dk mi;ksx

(Use of monotonicity for proving inequalities) :
nks Qyuksa f(x) ,oa g(x) dh rqyuk h(x) = f(x) – g(x) ds ,dfn"V O;ogkj ,oa vkys[k ds fo'ys"k.k ls dh tk ldrh
gSaA


mnkgj.k # 44 : x   0,  ds fy, fl) dhft, fd sin 2 x < x 2 < tan 2 x
 2
gy : ekuk f(x) = x 2 – sin 2 x
= (x + sinx) (x – sinx) > 0
 
x   0,   sin 2 x < x 2 .....(i)
 2
ekuk g(x) = x2 – tan2x
= (x + tanx) (x + tanx) < 0
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 Application of Derivatives

 
for x   0,   x2 < tan2 x .....(ii)
 2 
(i) rFkk (ii) ls sin2 x < x2 < tan2 x
x3 x3  tan1 x 
mnkgj.k # 45 : x  (0, 1) ds fy, fl) dhft, fd x – < tan–1 x < x – Qyr% ;k vU; rjhds ls lim
x 0
  dk
3 6  x 
eku Kkr dhft,A
x3 1 x4
gy : ekuk f(x) = x – – tan–1x f(x) = 1 – x2 – f(x) = –
3 1  x2 1  x2
f(x) < 0 , x  (0, 1) ds fy,  f(x) ,dfn"V Ðkleku gSA
3
x
  f(x) < f(0)   x– – tan–1x < 0
3
x3
  x– < tan–1x ...........(i)
3
x3 x2 1 x 2 (1  x 2 )
blh izdkj g(x) = x – – tan–1x, g(x) = 1 – – g(x) =
6 2 1  x2 2(1  x 2 )
g(x) > 0 x  (0, 1) ds fy,  g(x) is M.I.

x3
 g(x) > g(0) x– – tan–1x > 0
6
x3
x– > tan–1x vlfedkvksa (i) ,oa (ii) ls
6
 g(x) ,dfn"V o)Zeku gSA  g(x) > g(0)
3 3
x x
x – < tan – 1 x < x – bfr fl)e~
3 6
x2 tan1 x x2
x > 0 ds fy, Hkh 1 – < < 1 – , for x > 0
3 x 6
tan1 x
vr% ls.Mfop izes; dh lgk;rk ls ge fl) dj ldrs gS fd lim
x 0
=1 ysfdu ;g /;ku j[kus ;ksX;
x
tan1 x tan1 x
gS fd tc x1 gks] rks  dk eku ck¡;h vksj ls  1 gksrk gSs vFkkZr~ < 1 
x x
 tan1 x 
   lim   = 0
x 0
 x 

uksV : vlfedkvksa dks fl) djus esa tc lfedk vkrh gS] rks gesa lnSo tk¡p djuh pkfg, D;ksafd bl fof/k esa lfedk dk
fcUnq cgqr egÙkoiw.kZ gSA lkekU;r;k% lfedk fcUnq vUrjky ds vfUre fcUnq ij gksrh gS ;k bls vklkuh ls iz;Ru Hksn
fof/k (by hit and trial) ls irk dj ysrs gSA
.

mnkgj.k # 46 : x   0,
x3
 , ds fy, fl) dhft, fd sin x > x –
 2 6
x3
gy : ekuk f(x) = sin x – x +
6
x2
f(x) = cos x – 1 +
2
bl fcUnq ij ge ;g fuf'pr ugha dj ldrs gSa fd f(x) /kukRed gS ;k _.kkRed] blds fy, ge f(x) dh
,dfn"V izd`fr Kkr djrs gSA
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 Application of Derivatives

f(x) = x – sinx
 
pw¡fd f(x) > 0  x   0,  ds fy, f(x) ,dfn"V o)Zeku gSaA
 2
   f(x) > f(0)   f(x) > 0 
      f(x) ,dfn"V o)Zeku gSaA  f(x) > f(0)
x3 x3
  sin x – x + > 0  sin x > x – . bfr fl)e~
6 6

 sin x tan x   
mnkgj.k # 47 : ijh{k.k dhft, fd sin x tan x ;k x2 esa ls dkSu cM+k gSa rFkk lim , tgk¡ x   0,  dk
x 0  
   
2
x 2
eku Kkr dhft,A
gy : ekuk f(x) = sinx. tanx – x2
f(x) = cos x . tan x + sin x . sec2x – 2x
 f(x) = sin x + sin x sec2x – 2x
 f(x) = cos x + cos x sec2x + 2sec2x sin x tan x – 2
 f(x) = (cos x + sec x – 2) + 2 sec2x sin x tan x
 
2
vc cos x + sec x – 2 = cos x  sec x and 2 sec 2 x tan x . sin x > 0 because x 
 
 0, 2 
 
  f(x) > 0  f(x) f(x) ,dfn"V o)Zeku gSaA
vr% f(x) > f(0)
 f(x) > 0  f(x) f(x) ,dfn"V o)Zeku gSaA.
 f(x) > 0 
   sin x tan x – x 2 > 0
sin x tan x  sin x tan x 
vr% sin x tan x > x 2  > 1  lim   = 1.
x2 x 0
 x2 

mnkgj.k # 48 : fl) dhft, fd f(x) =  1  

1
blds izkUr esa ,dfn"V o)Zeku gSaA vU;Fkk f(x) dk vkys[k [khafp, rFkk
 x
bldk ifjlj Kkr dhft,A
x
 1 1
Solution : f(x) =  1   , f(x) ds izkUr ds fy, 1 + > 0
 x  x
x 1
 > 0  (–, –1)  (0, )
x
 
1   1
x x
 1 x  1   1 1 
f(x) =  1    n  1    2 
f(x) =  1    n  1   
 x    x  1 1 x   x    x  x  1
 x 
x

vc  1   lnSo /kukRed gSA vr% f(x) dk fpg~u n  1   –

1 1 1
ds fpg~u ij fuHkZj djrk gSaA
 x  x 1 x
 1  1 1
n  1   vFkkZr~ gesa n g(x) = n  1   –
 x  x  x 1
1 1 1 1
g(x) = +  g(x) =
1 x 2
(x  1) 2
x(x  1)2
1
x
(i) x  (0, ) ds fy, g(x) < 0  x  (0, )ds fy, g(x) ,dfn"V Ðkleku gSaA
g(x) > lim g(x)
x 

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 Application of Derivatives

g(x) > 0. ,oa pw¡fd g(x) > 0  f(x) > 0

(ii) x  (– , – 1) ds fy, g(x) > 0
 x  (– , –1) ds fy, g(x) ,dfn"V o)Zeku gSaA
 g(x) > lim g(x)   g(x) > 0  f(x) > 0
x 

vr% (i) ,oa (ii) ls gesa x  (– , –1)  (0, ) ds fy, f(x) > 0 izkIr gksrk gSaA
   f(x) blds izkUr esa ,dfn"V o)Zeku gSaA
f(x) dk vkys[k [khapus ds fy, mlds ifjlhek fcUnqvksa ij f(x) dk eku Kkr djuk egRoiw.kZ gSaA
vFkkZr~ ± , 0, –1
x
 1
lim 1   = e
x  
 x
x x
 1  1
lim  1   = 1 and lim 1   = 
x  0  x x 1 
 x

vr% f(x) dk vkys[k fp=kkuqlkj gSA

ifjlj y  (1, ) – {e}
mnkgj.k # 49 : (100)1/100 ,oa (101)1/101 esa ls dkSu cM+k gSa\
gy : ekuk f(x) = x1/x ,oa gesa f(x) dh ,dfn"V izd`fr dk ijh{k.k djuk gSaA
 1  nx 
f(x) = x 1 / x .  
 x 
2

f(x) > 0  x  (0,e)

,oa f(x) < 0  x  (e,)
vr% x e ds fy, f(x) ,dfn"V Ðkleku Qyu gSA  

 

 

,oa pw¡fd 100 < 101

 f(100) > f(101)
 (100)1/100 > (101)1/101

vH;kl dk;Z :
(35) fuEufyf[kr vlfedkvksa dks fl) dhft, &
(i) x  (0, ) ds fy, x > tan–1(x) (ii) x  (0, ) ds fy, ex > x + 1
x
(iii) x  (0, ) ds fy,  n (1 + x)  x
1 x

jksy izes; (Rolle's theorem) :

;fn dksbZ Qyu f(x) bl izdkj ifjHkkf"kr gS fd
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 Application of Derivatives

(i) f(x) lao`rvUrjky a  x  b esa x dk lrr~ Qyu gksA

(ii) foo`Ùk vUrjky a < x < b esa x ds izR;sd fcUnq ds fy, f(x) fo|eku gksA
(iii) f(a) = f(b).
rks de ls de ,d fcUnq x = c bl izdkj fo|eku gksxk fd f(c) = 0  c  (a,b)
jksy çes; dk T;kferh; Li"Vhdj.k (Geometrical Explanation of Rolle’s Theorem) :
ekuk oØ y = f(x) tks fd [a, b] esa lrr~ ,oa (a, b) esa vodyuh; gks] dk vkys[k cuk;k tkrk gSA (fp=kkuqlkj)

A(a, f(a)), B(b, f(b)), f(a) = f(b), C(c, f(c)), f(c) = 0.

C1 (c1, f(c1)), f(c1) = 0

C2 (c2, f(c2)), f(c2) = 0
C3 (c3, f(c3)), f(c3) = 0
çes; ljy :i esa ;gh crkrh gS fd f(x) ds vkys[k ij leku dksfV okys nks fcUnqvksa ds e/; de ls de ,d fcUnq
,slk gksrk gS ftl ij Li'kZ js[kk x-v{k ds lekUrj gksrh gSA
jksy izes; dh chtxf.krh; O;k[;k : (Algebraic Interpretation of Rolle’s Theorem)
f(x) ds nks gyksa a ,oa b ds e/; (vFkkZr~ f(x) = 0) ds nks ewyksa ds e/;) f(x) dk de ls de ,d gy fo|eku gksrk gSA

mnkgj.k # 50 : ;fn 2a + 3b + 6c = 0 gks] rks fl) dhft, fd lehdj.k ax2 + bx + c = 0 dk 0 ,oa 1 ds e/; de ls de
,d okLrfod ewy gS \
ax 3 bx 2
gy : ekuk f(x) = + + cx
3 2

a b
f(0) = 0 ,oa f(1) = + + c = 2a + 3b + 6c = 0
3 2
;fn f(0) = f(1) gks] rks x  (0, 1) ds dqN ekuksa ds fy, f(x) = 0
 de ls de ,d x  (0, 1) ds fy, ax2 + bx + c = 0

vH;kl dk;Z :
(36) ;fn f(x) jksy çes; ds çfrcU/kksa dks lUrq"V djrk gks] rks çnf'kZr dhft, fd f(x) ds nks Øekxr
gyksa ds e/; f(x) dk vf/kd ls vf/kd ,d gy gksrk gSA
(37) çnf'kZr dhft, fd fdlh okLrfod ds fy, cgqin P(x) = x7 + x3 +  dk Bhd ,d okLrfod ewy gksrk
gSA

ysxzkat ek/;eku çes; (LMVT) (Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem (LMVT) :

;fn [a, b] esa ,d Qyu f bl çdkj ifjHkkf"kr gS fd
(i) [a, b] esa lrr~ gks rFkk
(ii) (a, b) vodyuh; gks] rks a ,oa b (a < c < b) ds e/; de ls de ,d okLrfod la[;k fo|eku gS rkfd

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 Application of Derivatives

f(b)  f(a)
= f(c)
ba
lR;kiu: ekuk ,d Qyu g(x) = f(x) + x, x  [a, b] gS]
tgk¡  ,d vpj bl çdkj gS fd g(a) = g(b)
f(b)  f(a)
 =–
ba
vc Qyu g(x), lrr~ ,oa vodyuh; nks Qyuksa ds ;ksxQy ds cjkcj Lo;a gSA
(i) [a, b] esa lrr~ gks
(ii) (a, b) esa vodyuh; gks rFkk
(iii) g(a) = g(b)
blfy, jksy çes; ls ,d okLrfod la[;k c  (a, b) bl çdkj fo|eku gS fd g(c) = 0 dks
ijUrq g(x) = f(x) + 
 0 = g(c) = f(c) + 
f(b)  f(a)
f(c) = –  =
ba

LMVT dk T;kferh; Li"Vhdj.k (Geometrical Interpretation of LMVT) :

çes; ljy :i esa ;g crkrh gS fd f(x) ds vkys[k ds nks fcUnqvksa A ,oa B ds
e/; de ls de ,d fcUnq ,slk fo|eku gS tgk¡ ij Li'kZ js[kk] thok AB ds
lekUrj gksA
C(c, f(c)), f(c) = AB dh ço.krk

C(c, f(c)), f(c) = slope of AB.

oSdfYid dFku : ;fn LMVT ds dFku esa b dks a + h ls çfrLFkkfir dj fn;k tk,] rks a ,oa b ds e/; la[;k c dks
a + h, tgk¡ 0 <  < 1 ds :i esa fy[kk tk ldrk gSA
f(a  h)  f(a)
= f(a + h) or f(a + h) = f(a) + hf (a + h), 0 <  < 1
h

mnkgj.k # 51 : vUrjky x  [–1, 1] esa f(x) = – x2 + 4x – 5 ds fy, LMVT dk lR;kiu dhft,A

f(1)  f( 1)
gy : f(1) = –2 ; f(–1) = –10  f(c) =
1  ( 1)
 –2c + 4 = 4  c = 0

mnkgj.k # 52 : ysxzkat ek/;eku çes; dk mi;ksx dj fl) dhft, fd ;fn b > a > 0 gks] rks
ba ba
< tan – 1 b – tan – 1 a <
1  b2 1  a2

gy % ekuk f(x) = tan–1 x ; x  [a, b] ds fy, LMVT ykxw djus ij

tan1 b  tan1 a 
f(c) = a < c < b ds fy, ,oa f(x) = ,
ba 1  x2
pw¡fd f(x) ,dfn"V Ðkleku Qyu gS
vr% ;fn a < c < b 
   f(b) < f(c) < f(a) 

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 Application of Derivatives

1 tan1 b  tan1 a 1
   < < bfr fl)e~ !
1 b 2
ba 1  a2

mnkgj.k # 53 : ekuk f : R  R nks ckj vodyuh; Qyu bl çdkj gS] fd f   = 0, f = 0 rFkk f(3) = 4 gks] rks çnf'kZr
4  
dhft, fd ,d c  (0, 2) fo|eku gS rkfd f(c) + sinc – cosc < 0.
gy % ekuk g(x) = f(x) – sinx + cosx
 g'(x) = f'(x) – cosx – sinx
 g"(x) = f"(x) + sinx – cosx
LMVT ls
  5 
g(3)  g   g   g(3)
 4  = g(c ) ,  < c < 3 rFkk  4  = g(c2), 3 < c2 <

 1
4 1
5 4
3 3
4 4
g(c1) > 0 , g(c2) < 0
LMVT ls
g (c 2 )  g (c1 )
= g(c), c1 < c < c2  g(c) < 0  f(c) + sinc – cosc < 0
c 2  c1

fdlh c  (c1 , c2), c  (0, 2)

vH;kl dk;Z :
(38) LMVT ls fl) dhft, fd ;fn (a, b) ds lHkh fcUnqvksa ds fy, nks Qyuksa dk vodyt leku gks]
rks mu nksuksa esa vpj dk vUrj gksrk gSA
(39) ;fn ,d Qyu
(i) [a, b] ds fy, lrr~
(ii) (a, b) ds fy, vodyuh; rFkk
(iii) f(x) > 0, x  (a, b) gks] rks çnf'kZr dhft, fd [a, b] ds fy, f(x) ,dfn"V o)Zeku gSA

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 Application of Derivatives

 Marked Questions may have for Revision Questions.

 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Hkkx - I : fo"k;kRed iz'u ¼SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS½

Section (A) : Equation of Tangent and Normal, length of tangent, normal, subtangent &
subnormal
[k.M (A) : Li'kZ js[kk vkSj vfHkyEc dk lehdj.k] Li'kZ js[kk] vfHkyEc] v/k%Li'khZ rFkk v/kksyEc dh yEckbZ
A-1._ Find the equation of tangent and normal to the curve x 2 + 3xy + y2 = 5 at point (1, 1) on it.
oØ x2 + 3xy + y2 = 5 dh fcUnq (1, 1) ij Li'kZ js[kk vkSj vfHkyEc dk lehdj.k Kkr djksA
Ans. y + x = 2 (tangent) Li'kZ js[kk , y = x (normal) vfHkyEc

 x 2 sin1/ x
 x0
A-2._ Find the equation of tangent to the curve y =  at (0,0)

0 x0

 x 2 sin1/ x x0
oØ y =  dh (0,0) ij Li'kZ js[kk dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A

0 x0
Ans. y=0

A-3._ Find the point on the curve 9y2 = x3 where normal to the curve has non zero x-intercept and both the
x intercept and y-intercept are equal.
oØ 9y2 = x3 ij fcUnq Kkr dhft, tgka oØ dk vfHkyEc v'kwU; x- vUr[k.M dkVrk gSA rFkk nksuks x-vUr[k.M
vkSj y- vUr[k.M cjkcj gSA
 8
Ans.  4, 3 
 

A-4. Find equations of tangents drawn to the curve y2 – 2x2 – 4y+ 8 = 0 from the point (1, 2).
oØ y2 – 2x2 – 4y+ 8 = 0 ij fcUnq (1, 2) ls [khaph xbZ Li'kZ js[kkvksa ds lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 2x + y = 4, y = 2x

A-5_. Find the equation of all possible normals to the curve x 2 = 4y drawn from the point (1,2)
fcUnq (1, 2) ls oØ x2 = 4y ij lHkh laHkkfor vfHkyEcksa ds lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. x+y=1

A-6. If the tangent to the curve xy + ax + by = 0 at (1, 1) is inclined at an angle tan –1 2 with positive x-axis in
anticlockwise, then find a and b ?
;fn oØ xy + ax + by = 0 ds fcUnq (1, 1) ij Li'kZ js[kk /kukRed x–v{k ds lkFk okekorZ fn'kk esa tan–1 2 dks.k ij
>qdh gqbZ gS] rks a o b ds eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. a = 1, b = –2

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 Application of Derivatives

A-7. If the tangent at (1, 1) on y2 = x(2 – x)2 meets the curve again at P, then find coordinates of P
;fn oØ y2 = x(2 – x)2 ds fcUnq (1,1) ij [khaph xbZ Li'kZ js[kk oØ dks iqu% fcUnq P ij feyrh gS] rks P ds funsZ'kkad
Kkr dhft,A
Ans. (9/4, 3/8)

A-8. The normal to the curve 5x5 – 10x3 + x + 2y + 6 = 0 at the point P(0, –3) is tangent to the curve at some
other point(s). Find those point(s)?
oØ 5x5 – 10x3 + x + 2y + 6 = 0 ds fcUnq P(0, –3) ij vfHkyEc oØ dks ftl@ftu fcUnq@fcUnqvksa ij Li'kZ djrk
gSA mu fcUnq@fcUnqvksa dks Kkr dhft;sA
Ans. (1, –1) , (–1, –5)


A-9. Find length of subnormal to x = 2 cos t, y = – 3sin t at t = .
4

x = 2 cos t, y = – 3sin t ds t = ij v/kks%yEc dh yEckbZ Kkr dhft,A
4
Ans. (9/2)

A-10._ Determine 'p' such that the length of the subtangent and subnormal is equal for the curve
y = epx + px at the point (0, 1).
'p' dk eku Kkr dhft, tcfd v/k%Li'khZ vkSj v/kksyEc dh yEckbZ] oØ y = epx + px ds fy, (0, 1) ij cjkcj gSA
Ans. ± 1/2

Section (B) : Angle between curves, Orthogonal curves, Shortest/Maximum distance

between two curves
[k.M (B) : Angle between curves, Orthogonal curves, Shortest/Maximum distance
between two curves
B-1._ Find the cosine of angle of intersection of curves y = 2 x nx and y = x2x–1 at (1, 0).

oØ y = 2x nx vkSj y = x2x–1 ds (1, 0) ij izfrPNsn dks.k dh dksT;k Kkr dhft,A

Ans. 1

B-2_ Find the angle between the curves y = lnx and y = (lnx) 2 at their point of intersection.
oØksa y = lnx vkSj y = (lnx)2 ds izfrPNsn fcUnqvksa ij oØksa ds e/; dks.k Kkr dhft,A
 e 
Ans. tan–1  2 
e 2

B-3_. Find the angle between the curves y2 = 4x + 4 and y2 = 36 (9 – x).

oØ y2 = 4x + 4 vkSj y2 = 36 (9 – x) ds e/; dks.k gS&
Ans. 90°

B-4._ Show that if the curves ax2 + by2 = 1 and Ax2 + By2 = 1 are orthogonal then ab(A – B) = AB(a – b).
n'kkZb;s fd ax2 + by2 = 1 vkSj Ax2 + By2 = 1 ykfEcd gS rc ab(A – B) = AB(a – b).

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 Application of Derivatives

B-5._ Find the shortest distance between line y = x – 2 and y = x2 + 3x + 2

js[kk y = x – 2 vkSj y = x2 + 3x + 2 ds e/; y|qÙke nqjh Kkr dhft,A
3
Ans.
2

B-6._ Find shortest distance between y2 = 4x and (x – 6)2 + y2 = 1

y2 = 4x vkSj (x – 6)2 + y2 = 1 ds e/; y|qÙke nqjh gSA
Ans. 20  1

Section (C) : Rate of change and approximation

[k.M (C) : ifjorZu dh nj ,oa lfUudVu

C-1. The length x of rectangle is decreasing at a rate of 3 cm/min and width y is increasing at a rate of 2
cm/min. When x = 10 cm and y = 6 cm, find the rate of change of (i) the perimeter, (ii) the area of
rectangle.
,d vk;r dh yEckbZ x gS tks 3 lseh@feuV dh nj ls de gks jgh gS vkSj pkSM+kbZ y, 2 lseh@feuV dh nj ls c<+ jgh
gSA tc x = 10 lseh vkSj y = 6 lseh gS] rc fuEufyf[kr esa gks jgs ifjorZu dh nj Kkr dhft,A (i) ifjeki vkSj (ii)
vk;r dk {ks=kQyA
Ans. (i) – 2 cm/min (lseh-@feuV) (ii) 2 cm2/min (lseh2-@feuV)

C-2. x and y are the sides of two squares such that y = x – x2 . Find the rate of change of the area of the
second square with respect to the first square.
nks oxksZ dh Hkqtk,¡ Øe'k% x ,oa y bl izdkj gS fd y = x – x2 - rks f}rh; oxZ ds {ks=kQy esa ifjorZu dh nj] izFke
oxZ ds {ks=kQy ds lkis{k Kkr dhft;sA
Ans. 2x2 – 3x + 1

C-3. A man 1.5 m tall walks away from a lamp post 4.5 m high at a rate of 4 km/hr.
(i) How fast is his shadow lengthening?
(ii) How fast is the farther end of shadow moving on the pavement?
1.5 eh- yEckbZ dk O;fDr ,d 4.5 eh- Å¡pkbZ ds fctyh ds [kEcs ls 4 fdeh@?k.Vk dh nj ls nwj tkrk gSA
(i) mldh Nk;k dh yEckbZ fdruh rsth ls c<+ jgh gS \
(ii) Nk;k ds nwj okys fljs ds /kjkry ij c<+us dh nj Kkr dhft,A
Ans. (i) 2 km/hr (fdeh-@?k.Vk) (ii) 6 km/h (fdeh-@?k.Vk)

C-4. Find the approximate change in volume V of a cube of side 5m caused by increasing its side length
by 2%.
5m Hkqtk ds ?ku dh Hkqtk esa 2% o`f) gksus ij vk;ru V esa lfUudV ifjorZu Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 7.5 m3

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 Application of Derivatives

Section (D) : Monotonicity on an interval, about a point and inequalities, local

maxima/minima
[k.M (D) : vUrjky ds fy,] fcUnq ds lkis{k ,dfn"Vrk] vkSj vlekurk] LFkkuh; mfPp"V@fufEu"V
x
D-1. Show that f(x) = – n (1 + x) is an increasing function for x > – 1.
1 x
x
iznf'kZr dhft, fd x > – 1 ds fy, f(x) = – n (1 + x) o)Zeku Qyu gSA
1 x

D-2. Find the intervals of monotonicity for the following functions.

fuEu Qyuksa dh ,dfn"Vrk ds fy;s vUrjky Kkr dhft,A
x 4 x3
(i)  – 3x2 + 5 (ii) log32 x + log3x
4 3
Ans. (i) M.D. in (– , –3]
M.I. in [– 3 , 0]
M.D. in [0 , 2]
M.I. in [2 , )
 1 
(ii) M.D. in  0, 
 3
 1 
M.I. in  , 
 3 
Ans. (i) (– , –3] esa ,dfn"V Ðkleku , [– 3 , 0] esa ,dfn"V o)Zeku , [0 , 2] esa ,dfn"V Ðkleku]
[2 , ) esa ,dfn"V o)Zeku
 1   1 
(ii)  0,  esa ,dfn"V Ðkleku]  ,   esa ,dfn"V o)Zeku
 3  3 

D-3. If g(x) is monotonically increasing and f(x) is monotonically decreasing for x  R and if (gof) (x) is
defined for x  R, then prove that (gof)(x) will be monotonically decreasing function. Hence prove that
(gof) (x + 1)  (gof) (x – 1).
;fn x R ds fy;s g(x) ,dfn"V o)Zeku vkSj f(x) ,dfn"V Ðkleku gS vkSj ;fn (gof) (x), x  R ds fy;s
ifjHkkf"kr gS rks fl) dhft, fd (gof)(x) ,dfn"V Ðkleku Qyu gSA vr% fl) dhft, fd (gof) (x + 1)  (gof)
(x – 1).

x2 ; x0

D-4. Let f(x) =  . Find real values of 'a' such that f(x) is strictly monotonically increasing at x = 0.
ax ; x0

x2 ; x0

ekuk f(x) =  , 'a' ds okLrfod eku Kkr dhft, ftuds fy, f(x), x = 0 ij fujUrj ,dfn"V o)Zeku
ax ; x0

gSA
Ans. a  R+

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 Application of Derivatives

D-5. Check monotonocity at following points for

(i) f(x) = x3 – 3x + 1 at x = –1, 2
(ii) f(x) = | x – 1 | + 2 | x – 3 | – | x + 2 | at x = – 2, 0, 3, 5
fuEu Qyuksa ds fy, fn;s x;s fcUnqvksa ij ,dfn"Vrk dh tk¡p dhft, A
(i) f(x) = x3 – 3x + 1 ds fy, x = –1, 2 ij
(ii) f(x) = | x – 1 | + 2 | x – 3 | – | x + 2 |ds fy, x = – 2, 0, 3, 5 ij
Ans. (i) Neither increasing nor decreasing, increasing u rks o/kZeku u gh âkleku] o/kZeku
(ii) at x = – 2 decreasing x = – 2 ij âkleku
at x = 0 decreasing x = 0 ij âkleku
at x = 3 neither increasing nor decreasing x = 3 ij u rks o/kZeku u gh âkleku
at x = 5 increasing x = 5 ij o/kZeku

D-6. Check monotonicity of f(x) at indicated point :

(i) f(x) = x1/3 at x=0
1
(ii) f(x) = x2 + at x = 1, 2
x2
 x3  2x 2  5x , x  0
(iii) f(x) =  at x=0
 3 sin x , x0
f(x) dh fn, x, fcUnqvksa ij ,dfn"Vrk dh tk¡p dhft,A
(i) f(x) = x1/3 ; x = 0 ij
1
(ii) f(x) = x2 + ; x = 1, 2 ij
x2

 x3  2x 2  5x , x  0
(iii) f(x) =  ; x = 0 ij
 3 sin x , x0
Ans. (i) Strictly increasing at x = 0
x = 0 ij fujUrj o/kZeku gSA
(ii) Strictly increasing at x = 2, neither I nor D at x = 1
x = 2 ij fujUrj o/kZeku vkSj x = 1 ij u rks o/kZeku u gh âkleku
(iii) Strictly increasing at x = 0
x = 0 ij fujUrj o/kZeku gSA

  1    1
 sin     sin   
D-7^. Prove that   10     9.
 1   1 
 10   9 
   
  1    1
 sin     sin   
fl) dhft,          .
10 9
 1   1 
 10   9 
   

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 Application of Derivatives

   3x 
D-8. For x   0,  identify which is greater (2sinx + tanx) or (3x). Hence find lim   where
 2  x  0  2sin x  tan x 
[ . ] denotes the GIF.
 
ds fy, (2sinx + tanx) ,oa (3x) esa ls dkSulk cM+k gS rFkk lim   3x
x   0,  dks Kkr dhft,]
 2 x 0  2sin x  tan x 


tgk¡ [ . ] egÙke iw.kk±d Qyu gSA
Ans. 2sinx + tanx, 0

D-9. Let f and g be differentiable on R and suppose f(0) = g(0) and f(x)  g(x) for all x  0. Then show that
f(x)  g(x) for all x  0.
ekukfd nks Qyu f ,oa g, R esa vodyuh; gSa rFkk f(0) = g(0) vkSj lHkh x  0 ds fy, f(x)  g(x) gks] rks iznf'kZr
dhft, fd lHkh x  0 ds fy, f(x)  g(x) gSA

 3x 0  x 1
D-10.Let f(x) =  2 . Find the set of values of b such that f(x) has a local minima at x = 1.
 x  nb x 1

 3x 0  x 1
ekuk f(x) =  . b ds mu ekuksa dk leqPp; Kkr dhft, ftuds fy;s Qyu f(x), x = 1 ij
 x 2
 nb x 1
LFkkuh; fufEu"V j[krk gksA
Ans. b  (0, e]

D-11. Find the points of local maxima/minima of following functions

fuEufyf[kr Qyuksa ds fy;s LFkkuh; mfPp"V@fufEu"V fcUnq Kkr dhft,&
(i) f(x) = 2x3 – 21x2 + 36x – 20 (ii) f(x) = – (x – 1)3 (x + 1)2
(iii) f(x) = x nx

Ans. (i) local max at x = 1, local min at x = 6

1
(ii) local max. at x = – , local min. at x = – 1
5
1
(iii) local mini at x = , No local maxima
e
(i) x = 1 ij LFkkuh; mfPp"V] x = 6 ij LFkkuh; fufEu"V
1
(ii) x = – ij LFkkuh; mfPp"V, x = – 1 ij LFkkuh; fufEu"V
5
1
(iii) x = LFkkuh; fufEu"V tcfd dksbZ LFkkuh; mfPp"V ugha
e

D-12. Draw graph of f(x) = x|x – 2| and, hence find points of local maxima/minima.
f(x) = x|x – 2| dk vkys[k cukb, rFkk bldh lgk;rk ls LFkkuh; mfPp"V@fufEu"V fcUnqvksa dks Hkh Kkr dhft,A
Ans. local max at x = 1, local min at x = 2.
x = 1 ij LFkkuh; mfPp"V, x = 2 ij LFkkuh; fufEu"V

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 Application of Derivatives

D-13. Let f(x) = x2 ; x  [– 1, 2). Then show that f(x) has exactly one point of local maxima but global
maximum is not defined.
;fn f(x) = x2 ; x  [– 1, 2) gks] rks fl) dhft, fd Qyu Bhd ,d fcUnq ij LFkkuh; mfPp"V j[krk gS ysfdu ije
mfPp"V ifjHkkf"kr ugha gSaA

D-14. Find points of local maxima / minima of fuEu ds LFkkuh; mfPp"V o LFkkuh; fufEu"V ds fcUnq Kkr dhft,A
(i) f(x) = (2 – 1)(2 – 2)
x x 2

(ii) f(x) = x2e–x

(iii) f(x) = 3cos4x + 10cos3x + 6cos2x – 3, x  [0, ]
(iv) f(x) = 2x + 3x2/3
x2 – 2
(v) f(x) =
x2 – 1

4
Ans. (i) local maxima at x = log2 and local minima at x = 1
3
4
x = log2 ij LFkkuh; mfPp"V rFkk x = 1 ij LFkkuh; fufEu"V
3
(ii) local min at 0, local max at 2
x = 0 ij LFkkuh; fufEu"V, x = 2 ij LFkkuh; mfPp"V

2 
(iii) local max at x = 0, , local min at x = , 
3 2
2 
x = 0, ij LFkkuh; mfPp"V] x = ,  ij LFkkuh; fufEu"V
3 2
(iv) local maxima at –1 and local minma at 0
–1 ij LFkkuh; mfPp"V rFkk x = 0 ij LFkkuh; fufEu"V
(v) local minima at x = ± 2 , 0
x = ± 2 , 0 ij LFkkuh; fufEu"V

Section (E) : Global maxima, Global minima, Application of Maxima and Minima
[k.M (E) : ije mfPp"V] ije fufEu"V] mfPp"V ,oa fuEufu"V ds vuqiz;ksx

E-1. Find the absolute maximum/minimum value of following functions

fn;s x;s Qyuksa dk ije mfPp"V@fufEu"V eku Kkr dhft,&
(i) f(x) = x3 ; x  [–2, 2]
(ii) f(x) = sinx + cosx ; x  [0, ]
x2  9
(iii) f(x) = 4x – ; x   2, 
2  2
(iv) f(x) = 3x4 – 8x3 + 12x2 – 48x + 25 ; x  [0, 3]
1  
(v) f (x) = sin x + cos 2 x ; x  0, 
2  2 

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 Application of Derivatives

Ans. (i) max = 8, min. = – 8

(ii) max = 2 , min = – 1
(iii) max. = 8, min. = – 10
(iv) max. = 25, min = – 39
(v) max. at x = /6, max. value = 3/4; min. at x = 0 and /2, min. value = 1/2
mÙkj. (i) mfPp"V = 8, fufEu"V = – 8
(ii) mfPp"V = 2 , fufEu"V = – 1
(iii) mfPp"V = 8, fufEu"V = – 10
(iv) mfPp"V = 25, fufEu"V = – 39
(v) x = /6 ij mfPp"V] vf/kdre eku = 3/4; x = 0 ,oa /2 ij fufEu"V, U;wure eku = 1/2

E-2. Find the minimum and maximum values of y in 4x2 + 12xy + 10y2 – 4y + 3 = 0.
4x2 + 12xy + 10y2 – 4y + 3 = 0 ds fy, y dk U;wure rFkk vf/kdre eku Kkr dhft;sA
Ans. 1, 3 (respective) ¼Øe'k%½

E-3. John has 'x' children by his first wife and Anglina has 'x + 1' children by her first husband. They both
marry and have their own children. The whole family has 24 children. It is given that the children of the
same parents don't fight. Then find then maximum number of fights that can take place in the family

tkWu ds viuh igyh iRuh ds lkFk 'x' larkus gS rFkk ,atfyuk dh igys ifr ds lkFk 'x + 1' larkus gSA os nksuksa 'kknh
djrs gS ,oa muds vius cPps gksrs gS rc iwjs ifjokj es dqy 24 cPps gSA ;fn leku ekrk firk ds cPps vkil es ugha
yM+rs gS rks ifjokj es gks ldus okyh vf/kdre yM+kbZ;ksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. F = 191

E-4. If the sum of the lengths of the hypotenuse and another side of a right angled triangle is given, show
that the area of the triangle is a maximum when the angle between these sides is /3.
;fn fdlh ledks.k f=kHkqt dh ,d Hkqtk vkSj d.kZ dh yEckb;ksa dk ;ksx fn;k x;k gks] rks fl) dhft, fd bu
Hkqtkvksa ds e/; dks.k /3 gksus ij f=kHkqt dk {ks=kQy vf/kdre gksxkA

E-5. Find the volume of the largest cylinder that can be inscribed in a sphere of radius ' r ' cm.
r cm f=kT;k okys xksys esa cuk;s tk ldus okys lcls cM+s csyu dk vk;ru Kkr dhft,A
4  r3
Ans.
3 3

E-6. Show that the semi vertical angle of a right circular cone of maximum volume, of a given slant height is
tan1 2 .
fl) dhft, fd nh xbZ fr;Zd Å¡pkbZ vkSj vf/kdre vk;ru okys yEc o`Ùkh; 'kadq dk v)Z'kh"kZ dks.k tan1 2 gksxkA
Ans. h = cos

 r =sin 

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 Application of Derivatives

E-7. A running track of 440 m. is to be laid out enclosing a football field, the shape of which is a rectangle
with semi circle at each end . If the area of the rectangular portion is to be maximum, find the length of
its sides.
,d vk;rkdkj] QqVcky ds eSnku ds pkjksa vksj 440 m yEckbZ dk ,d iFk cuk;k tkrk gS tks fd izR;sd fljs ij
v)Z o`Ùkkdkj gSA ;fn vk;rkdkj Hkkx dk {ks=kQy vf/kdre gks] rks bldh Hkqtkvksa dh yEckbZ Kkr dhft,A
220
Ans. 110 m , m


E-8. Find the area of the largest rectangle with lower base on the x-axis and upper vertices on the curve
y = 12  x².
ml lcls cM+s vk;r dk {ks=kQy Kkr dhft, ftldk vk/kkj x–v{k ij vkSj Åijh 'kh"kZ oØ y = 12  x² ij fLFkr
gSA
Ans. 32 sq. units

E-9. Find the dimensions of the rectangle of perimeter 36 cm which will sweep out a volume as large as
possible when revolved around one of its side .
36 cm ifjeki okys ml vk;r dh foek,¡ Kkr dhft, ftls mldh ,d Hkqtk ds lkis{k ?kw.kZu djkus ij og vf/kdre
lEHko vk;ru dkVrk gSA
Ans. 12cm, 6 cm

1 1 1
E-10. The combined resistance R of two resistors R 1 & R2 (R1, R2 > 0) is given by, = + . If R1 + R2 =
R R1 R 2
constant. Prove that the maximum resistance R is obtained by choosing R1 = R2.
1 1 1
nks izfrjks/kksa R1 ,oa R2 (R1, R2 > 0) dk la;qDr izfrjks/k R lEcU/k = + }kjk fn;k tkrk gSA ;fn R1 + R2
R R1 R 2
= fu;rA fl} dhft, fd R1 = R2 gksus ij izfrjks/k R dk eku vf/kdre izkIr gksrk gSA

Section (F) : Rolle's Theorem, LMVT

[k.M (F) : jksy çes;] LMVT

F-1. Let f : [1, 2]  [1, 4] and g : [1, 2]  [2, 7] be two continuous bijective functions such thaf f(1) = 4
& g(2) = 7. The number of solutions of the equation f(x) = g(x) in (1, 2), is :
ekuk f : [1, 2]  [1, 4] rFkk g : [1, 2]  [2, 7] nks lrr~ ,dSdh vkPNknd Qyu bl izdkj gS fd f(1) = 4
& g(2) = 7 rc lehdj.k f(x) = g(x) ds vUrjky (1, 2) esa gyksa dh la[;k gS&
Ans. 1

 x 2  ab 
F-2. Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function, f(x) = loge   + p, for [a, b] where 0 < a < b.
 x(a  b) 
 x 2  ab 
vUrjky [a, b] tgk¡ 0 < a < b esa Qyu f(x) = loge   + p ds fy, jksy izes; lR;kfir dhft,A
 x(a  b) 

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 Application of Derivatives

F-3. Using Rolle’s theorem prove that the equation 3x 2 + px – 1 = 0 has at least one real root in the interval
(– 1, 1).
jksy izes; dh lgk;rk ls fl) dhft, fd lehdj.k 3x2 + px – 1 = 0 dk de ls de ,d okLrfod ewy] vUrjky
(– 1, 1) esa gSA

 
 x sin for x0
F-4. Using Rolle's theorem show that the derivative of the function f(x) =  x vanishes at an

 0 for x0
infinite set of points of the interval (0, 1).
jksy izes; dh lgk;rk ls iznf'kZr dhft, fd vUrjky (0,1) ds vuUr fcUnqvksa ij Qyu f(x)
 
 x sin for x0
= x dk vodyt 'kwU; gks tkrk gSA

 0 for x0

F-5. Let f(x) be differentiable function and g(x) be twice differentiable function. Zeros of f(x), g(x) be a, b
respectively (a < b). Show that there exists at least one root of equation f(x) g(x) + f(x) g(x) = 0 on (a, b).
ekuk f(x) vodyuh; Qyu gS rFkk g(x) nks ckj vodyuh; Qyu gSA f(x), g(x) ds 'kwU; (zeros) Øe'k% a, b
(a < b) gSA çnf'kZr dhft, fd lehdj.k f(x) g(x) + f(x) g(x) = 0 dk de ls de ,d ewy (a, b) esa gSA

      2
F-6. If f(x) = tanx, x  0,  then show that  f  
 5 5 5 5
   2
;fn f(x) = tanx, x  0,  rks iznf'kZr dhft;s fd  f   
 5 5 5 5

F-7. If f(x) and g(x) are differentiable functions for 0  x  23 such that f(0) = 2, g(0) = 0, f(23) = 22, g(23) =
10, then show that f'(x) = 2g'(x) for at least one x in the interval (0, 23).
;fn f(x) vkSj g(x), 0  x  23 ds fy, vodyuh; Qyu bl izdkj gS fd f(0) = 2, g(0) = 0, f(23) = 22, g(23) =
10 rks n'kkZb;s fd vUrjky (0, 23) esa de ls de ,d x ds fy, f'(x) = 2g'(x) gksxkA

sin3 x sin3 a sin3 b

F-8. If f(x) = xe x aea beb
x a b
1  x2 1  a2 1  b2
where 0 < a < b < 2, then show that the equation f (x) = 0 has atleast one root in the interval (a, b)

sin3 x sin3 a sin3 b

;fn f(x) = xe x aea beb
x a b
1  x2 1  a2 1  b2
tgk¡ 0 < a < b < 2, rc n'kkZb;s fd lehdj.k f (x) = 0 dk de ls de ,d ewy vUrjky (a, b) esa gSA

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 Application of Derivatives

 –8x ; 0  x 1

F-9. A function y = f(x) is defined on [0, 6] as f(x) = (x – 3) ; 1  x  4
3

 2 ; 4x6

Show that for the function y = f(x), all the three conditions of Rolle's theorem are violated on [0, 6] but
still f'(x) vanishes at a point in (0, 6)
 –8x ; 0  x 1

Qyu y = f(x), [0, 6] esa bl izdkj ifjHkkf"kr gS f(x) = (x – 3) ; 1  x  4
3

 2 ; 4x6

n'kkZb;s fd [0, 6] esa Qyu y = f(x) jksyizes; ds rhuksa izfrcU/kksa ij vlR; gS fQj Hkh (0, 6) esa f'(x) fdlh fcUnq ij
'kwU; gSA

PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx - II : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)

Section (A) : Equation of Tangent and Normal, length of tangent, normal, subtangent &
subnormal
[k.M (A) : Li'kZ js[kk vkSj vfHkyEc dk lehdj.k] Li'kZ js[kk] vfHkyEc] v/k%Li'khZ v/kksyEc dh yEckbZ
A-1^. Equation of the normal to the curve y =  x + 2 at the point of its intersection with the curve y = x is
(A*) 2x  y  1 = 0 (B) 2x  y + 1 = 0 (C) 2x + y  3 = 0 (D) none of these
oØ y =  x + 2 ds ml vfHkyEc dk lehdj.k tks blds }kjk oØ y = x ds izfrPNsn fcUnq ij cuk;k tkrk gS&
(A) 2x  y  1 = 0 (B) 2x  y + 1 = 0 (C) 2x + y  3 = 0 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

A-2._ Find the angle between tangent of the curve y = (x+1) (x–3) at the point where it cuts the axis of x.
oØ y = (x+1) (x–3) ds fcUnq] tgka ;g x- v{k dks dkVrk gS] ij Li'kZ js[kk ds e/; dks.k Kkr dhft,A
 8   15 
(A) tan–1   (B) tan–1   (C) tan–1 4 (D) none of these buesa ls dksbZ ugha
 15   8 

A-3. The curve y  exy + x = 0 has a vertical tangent at

(A) (1, 1) (B) (0, 1) (C*) (1, 0) (D) no point
oØ y  e + x = 0 ij og fcUnq tgk¡ ij Li'kZ js[kk] m/okZ/kj gks&
xy

(A) (1, 1) (B) (0, 1) (C) (1, 0) (D) dksbZ fcUnq ugha


A-4. If the tangent to the curve x = a ( + sin ), y = a (1 + cos ) at  = makes an angle  (0  < ) with
3
x-axis, then =

;fn oØ x = a ( + sin ), y = a (1 + cos ) ds fy,  = ij [khaph xbZ Li'kZ js[kk x–v{k ds lkFk 
3
 (0  < ) dks.k cukrh gks] rks dk eku gS&
 2  5
(A) (B) (C) (D*)
3 3 6 6
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 Application of Derivatives

A-5_. The numbers of tangent to the curve y – 2 = x5 which are drawn from point (2,2) is / are
oØks y – 2 = x5 dh LIk'kZ js[kkvksa dh la[;k gksxh tks fcUnq (2,2) ls [khph tkrh gSA
(A) 3 (B) 1 (C*) 2 (D) 5

A-6^. The equation of tangent drawn to the curve xy = 4 from point (0, 1) is
fcUnq (0, 1) ls oØ xy = 4 ds fy, [khaph xbZ Li'kZ js[kk dh lehdj.k gS&
1 1 1 1
(A) y– = – (x + 8) (B*) y– = – (x – 8)
2 16 2 16
1 1 1 1
(C) y+ = – (x – 8) (D) y–8= –  x– 
2 16 16  2

A-7._ If the normal at the point (3t, 4/t) of the curve xy = 12 cuts the curve again at (3t 1, 4/t1) then find 't1' in
terms of 't'
;fn oØ xy = 12 ds fcUnq (3t, 4/t) ij vfHkyEc] oØ dks iqu (3t1, 4/t1) ij feyrk gS rc 't1' dks't' ds inksa esa
Kkr dhft,A
9 16 9 16
(A) 3
(B*) 3
(C) 3
(D)
16t 9t 16t 9t 3

A-8._ If subnormal of the curves xyn = an+1 is of constant length, then find 'n' .
;fn oØks xyn = an+1 ds v/kksyEc dh yEckbZ] vpj gS rc 'n' dk eku Kkr dhft,A
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) –2 (D) –1

A-9. The subtangent, ordinate and subnormal to the parabola y2 = 4ax at a point (different from the origin)
are in
(A) AP (B*) GP (C) HP (D) AGP
ijoy; y = 4ax ds fdlh fcUnq (ewyfcUnq ls fHkUu) ij v|%Li'khZ] dksfV vkSj v|ksyEc gksrs gS&
2

(A) lekUrj Js<+h esa (B*) xq.kksÙkj Js<+h esa

(C) gjkRed Js<+h esa (D) lekUrj xq.kksÙkj Js.kh (AGP) esa

Section (B) : Angle between curves, Orthogonal curves, Shortest/Maximum distance

between two curves
[k.M (B) : oØksa ds e/;dks.k] ykfEcd oØ] nks oØksa ds e/; y?kqÙke nqjh
B-1._ The angle of intersection of y = ax and y = bx is given by
oØks y = ax vkSj y = bx ds izfrPNsnu dks.k gS&
log(ab) log(a / b) log(a / b)
(A) tan = (B*) (C) (D) None buesa ls dksbZ ugha
1  log(ab) 1  logalogb 1  log(a / b)

B-2._ The angle between curves x2 + 4y2 = 32 and x2 – y2 = 12 is

oØks x2 + 4y2 = 32 vkSj x2 – y2 = 12 ds e/; dks.k gS&
   
(A) (B) (C) (D*)
3 4 6 2

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 Application of Derivatives

B-3._ Find the angle at which two curves x3 – 3xy2 + 2 = 0 and 3x2y – y3 – 2 = 0 intersect
oØks x3 – 3xy2 + 2 = 0 vkSj 3x2y – y3 – 2 = 0 dk izfrPNsnu dks.k gS&
  
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D*)
6 3 2

x2 y2
B-4._ The value of a2 if the curves  = 1 and y3 = 16x cut orthogonally is
a2 4

x2 y2
a2 dk eku gksxk ;fn oØ  = 1 vkSj y3 = 16x ykfEcd izfrPNsn djrs gS&
a2 4
(A) 3/4 (B) 1 (C*) 4/3 (D) 4

B-5_ The shortest distance between curves y2 = 8x and y2 = 4 (x–3) is

oØks y2 = 8x vkSj y2 = 4 (x–3) ds e/; y|qÙke nqjh gS&
(A) 2 (B*) 2 2 (C) 3 2 (D) 4 2

2
x2 y2  7
 x  4   y 1
2
B-6_ The shortest distance between curves = 1 and
32 18  
2
x2 y2  7
  x  4   y  1 ds e/; y|qÙke nqjh gSA
2
oØks = 1 vkSj
32 18  
11 15 11
(A) 15 (B) (C) (D*)
2 4 4

Section (C) : Rate of change and approximation

[k.M (C) : ifjorZu dh nj ,oa lfUudVu

C-1. Water is poured into an inverted conical vessel of which the radius of the base is 2 m and height 4 m, at
the rate of 77 litre/minute. The rate at which the water level is rising at the instant when the depth is 70
cm is (use  = 22/7)
(A) 10 cm/min (B*) 20 cm/min (C) 40 cm/min (D) 30 cm/min
,d mYVs 'kadqvkdkj crZu ftlds vk/kkj dh f=kT;k 2 m vkSj Å¡pkbZ 4 m gS] esa 77 yhVj@feuV dh nj ls ikuh Hkjk
tkrk gSA ftl {k.k ikuh dh xgjkbZ 70 lseh- gS ml {k.k ikuh ds ry ds Åij mBus dh nj gksxh (tcfd  =
22/7)–
(A) 10 lseh-@feuV (B*) 20 lseh-@feuV (C) 40 lseh-@feuV (D) 30 lseh-@feuV

C-2 On the curve x3 = 12y. The interval in which abscissa changes at a faster rate then its ordinate
(A) (–3, 0) (B) (–, –2)  (2, ) (C*) (–2, 2) (D) (–3, 3)
oØ x3 = 12y ij og vUrjky tgk¡ Hkqt ds ifjorZu dh nj] dksfV esa ifjorZu dh nj ls T;knk gS] gksxk&
(A) (–3, 0) (B) (–, –2)  (2, ) (C*) (–2, 2) (D) (–3, 3)

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 Application of Derivatives

C-3. A kite is 300 m high and there are 500 m of cord out. If the wind moves the kite horizontally at the rate
of 5 km/hr. directly away from the person who is flying it, find the rate at which the cord is being paid?
,d irax 300 ehVj dh Å¡pkbZ ij gS ftlds /kkxs dh yEckbZ 500 ehVj gSA ;fn gok] irax dks {kSfrt esa
5 fdeh-@?k.Vk dh nj ls ml O;fDr] ls nwj ys tkrh gS] tks bls mM+k jgk gS] rc /kkxs ds fQjdh ls fudyus dh nj
Kkr dhft;sA
(A*) 4 (B) 8
(C) 3 (D) cannot be determined Kkr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS
d dx  dy 
[ Hint: 2 = x2 + y2  2 = 2x   0 ]
dt dt  dt 

C-4. The approximate value of tan 46° is (take  = 22/7) :

tan 46° dk lfUudV eku gS ( = 22/7 ysus ij)
(A) 3 (B*) 1.035 (C) 1.033 (D) 1.135

C-5. A spherical iron ball 10 cm in radius is coated with a layer of ice of uniform thickness that melts at a rate
of 50 cm3/min. When the thickness of ice is 5 cm, then the rate at which the thickness of ice decreases ,
is- ,d yksgs dh xsan ftldh f=kT;k 10 cm gS] ij cQZZ dh ,d leku ijr teh gqbZ gS] tks fd 50 cm3/min dh nj
ls fi?ky jgh gSA tc cQZ dh eksVkbZ 5 cm gS rks cQZ dh eksVkbZ ds ?kVus dh nj gSS&
5 1 1 1
(A) cm/min (B) cm/min (C*) cm/min (D) cm/min
6 54 18 36

Section (D) : Monotonicity on an interval, about a point and inequalities, local

maxima/minima
[k.M (D) : vUrjky ds fy,] fcUnq ds lkis{k ,dfn"Vrk] vkSj vlekurk] LFkkuh; mfPp"V@fufEu"V

D-1. The complete set of values of ‘a’ for which the function f(x) = (a + 2) x 3 – 3ax2 + 9ax – 1 decreases for
all real values of x is.
a ds lHkh ekuksa dk leqPp; tcfd Qyu f(x) = (a + 2) x3 – 3ax2 + 9ax – 1, x ds izR;sd okLrfod eku ds fy;s
ákleku gS] gksxk&
(A*) (– , – 3] (B) (– , 0] (C) [– 3, 0] (D) [– 3, )

D-2. Let f(x) = x3 + ax2 + bx + 5 sin2 x be an increasing function in the set of real numbers R. Then a & b
satisfy the condition :
ekuk okLrfod la[;kvksa ds leqPp; R esa Qyu f(x) = x3 + ax2 + bx + 5 sin2 x o)Zeku gS] rks a ,oa b }kjk lUrq"V
izfrcU/k gS &
(A) a2  3b  15 > 0 (B*) a2  3b + 15  0
(C) a2  3b  15 < 0 (D) a > 0 & b > 0

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 Application of Derivatives

 x  1|
D-3. The function is monotonically decreasing at the point
x2
(A*) x = 3 (B) x = 1 (C) x = 2 (D) none of these
 x  1|
Qyu fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdl fcUnq ij ,dfn"V Ðkleku gS&
x2
(A*) x = 3 (B) x = 1 (C) x = 2 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

D-4. If f(x) = 1 + 2 x2 + 4 x4 + 6 x6 +...... + 100 x100 is a polynomial in a real variable x, then f(x) has:
(A) neither a maximum nor a minimum (B) only one maximum
(C*) only one minimum (D) one maximum and one minimum
;fn f(x) = 1 + 2 x + 4 x + 6 x +...... + 100 x
2 4 6 100
okLrfod pj x ds inksa esa dksbZ cgqin gS] rks Qyu f(x) j[krk gSa–
(A) u rks vf/kdre vkSj u gh U;wure (B) dsoy ,d vf/kdre
(C*) dsoy ,d U;wure (D) ,d vf/kdre ,oa ,d U;wure

D-5. If f(x) = a n |x| + bx2 + x has its extremum values at x = – 1 and x = 2, then

(A) a = 2, b = – 1 (B*) a = 2, b = – 1/2 (C) a = – 2, b = 1/2 (D) none of these

;fn f(x) = a n |x| + bx + x , x = – 1 ,oa x = 2 ij pje eku j[krk gks] rks –
2

(A) a = 2, b = – 1 (B) a = 2, b = – 1/2 (C) a = – 2, b = 1/2 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

D-6. If f(x) = sin3x +  sin2 x ; –/2 < x < /2, then the interval in which  should lie in order that f(x) has
exactly one minima and one maxima
 ;fn f(x) = sin3x +  sin2 x; –/2 < x < /2 gks] rks  dk og vUrjky ftlds fy, f(x) dsoy ,d mfPp"V ,oa ,d
fufEu"V j[krk gks &
 3 
(A*) (–3/2, 3/2) – {0} (B) (–2/3, 2/3) – {0} (C) R (D)   , 0 
 2 

D-7. STATEMENT-1 : e is bigger than e.

STATEMENT-2 : f(x) = x1/x is a increasing function when x  [e, )

(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(C*) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
(E) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is False
dFku-1 : e , e ls cMk gSA
dFku-2 : tc x  [e, ) gks] rks f(x) = x1/x ,d o)Zeku Qyu gSA

(A) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSA
(B) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k ugha gSA
(C*) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 vlR; gSA
(D) dFku&1 vlR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gSA
(E) dFku&1 vlR; gS] dFku&2 vlR; gSA

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 Application of Derivatives

Section (E) : Global maxima, Global minima, Application of Maxima and Minima
[k.M (E) : ije mfPp"V] ije fufEu"V] mfPp"V ,oa fuEufu"V ds vuqiz;ksx

E-1. The greatest, the least values of the function, f(x) = 2 1  2x  x2 , x  [21] are respectively
(A) 2, 1 (B) 2,  1 (C*) 2, 0 (D) –2, 3
Qyu f(x) = 2 1  2x  x2 , x  [21] dk mPpre ,oa U;wure eku Øe'k% gSa –
(A) 2, 1 (B) 2,  1 (C*) 2, 0 (D) –2, 3

E-2. Let f(x) = (1 + b2)x2 + 2bx + 1 and let m(b) be the minimum value of f(x). As b varies, the range of m(b)
is

ekuk f(x) = (1 + b2)x2 + 2bx + 1 rFkk bldk U;wure eku m(b) gSA ;fn b ifjorZu'khy gks] rks m(b) dk ifjlj
gksxk&
 1 1 
(A) [0, 1] (B)  0, (C)  , 1 (D*) (0, 1]
 2  2 

E-3. The radius of a right circular cylinder of greatest curved surface which can be inscribed in a given right
circular cone is
(A) one third that of the cone (B) 1/ 2 times that of the cone
(C) 2/3 that of the cone (D*) 1/2 that of the cone
,d yEc o`Ùkh; 'kadq ds vUrxZr cuk;s tk ldus okys vf/kdre oØ i`"Bh; {ks=kQy okys yEc o`Ùkh; csyu dh f=kT;k
gS &
(A) 'kadq ds vk/kkj dh f=kT;k dh ,d frgkbZ (B) 'kadq ds vk/kkj dh f=kT;k dh 1/ 2 xquk
(C) 'kadq ds vk/kkj dh f=kT;k dh 2/3 xquk (D*) 'kadq ds vk/kkj dh f=kT;k dh vk/kh

E-4. The dimensions of the rectangle of maximum area that can be inscribed in the ellipse
(x/4)2 + (y/3)2 = 1 are
nh?kZo`Ùk (x/4)2 + (y/3)2 = 1 ds vUrxZr cuk, tk ldus okys vf/kdre {ks=kQy ds vk;r dh foek,¡ gSa&
(A) 8, 2 (B) 4, 3 (C*) 2 8, 3 2 (D) 2, 6

E-5. The largest area of a rectangle which has one side on the xaxis and the two vertices on the curve

e x is
2
y=
(A*) 2 e 1/2 (B) 2 e 1/2 (C) e 1/2 (D) none of these

ml vk;r dk vf/kdre {ks=kQy ftldh ,d Hkqtk x v{k ij rFkk nks 'kh"kZ oØ y = e x ij fLFkr gks] gS&
2

(A) 2 e 1/2 (B) 2 e 1/2 (C) e 1/2 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

E-6. The maximum distance of the point (k, 0) from the curve 2x2 + y2 – 2x = 0 is equal to
fcUnq (k, 0) dh oØ 2x2 + y2 – 2x = 0 ls vf/kdre nwjh gS &
(A) 1  2k  k 2 (B) 1  2k  2k 2 (C*) 1  2k  2k 2 (D) 1  2k  k 2

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 Application of Derivatives

E-7^.Let ABC is given triangle having respective sides a,b,c. D,E,F are points of the sides BC,CA,AB
respectively so that AFDE is a parallelogram. The maximum area of the parallelogram is
dFku 1 : fn;s x;s f=kHkqt ABC dh Hkqtk,a a,b,c rFkk fcUnq D,E,F Øe'k% Hkqtk BC,CA,AB ij bl izdkj gS fd
1
AFDE ,d lekUrj prqHkqZt gSA lekUrj prqHkqZt dk vf/kdre {ks=kQy bcsinA gSA
4
1 1 1
(A*) bcsinA (B) bcsinA (C) bcsinA (D) bcsinA
4 2 8

E-8. Let f(x) = x50 – x20

STATEMENT-1 : Global maximum of f(x) in [0, 1] is 0.
STATEMENT-2 : x = 0 is a stationary point of f(x).

(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(B*) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
(E) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is False
ekuk f(x) = x50 – x20
dFku-1 : [0, 1] esa f(x) dk ije mfPp"V eku 'kwU; gSA
dFku-2 : f(x) dk fLFkj fcUnq x = 0 gSA
(A) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSA
(B*) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k ugha gSA
(C) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 vlR; gSA
(D) dFku&1 vlR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gSA
(E) dFku&1 vlR; gS] dFku&2 vlR; gSA

Section (F) : Rolle's Theorem, LMVT

[k.M (F) : jksy çes;] LMVT
F-1. The function f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + ax + b satisfy the conditions of Rolle's theorem on [1, 3]. Which of these
are correct ?
Qyu f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + ax + b vUrjky [1, 3] esa jksy izes; ds lHkh izfrcU/kksa dks lUrq"V djrk gS rks a ,oa b ds eku
gSa &
(A*) a =11, b  R (B) a = 11, b = – 6 (C) a = –11, b = 6 (D) a = – 11, b  R

F-2. The function f(x) = x(x + 3)e–x/2 satisfies all the conditions of Rolle's theorem on [–3, 0]. The value of c
which verifies Rolle's theorem, is
Qyu f(x) = x(x + 3)e–x/2 vUrjky [–3, 0] esa jksy izes; ds lHkh izfrcU/kks dks larq"V djrk gSA c dk eku tks jksy
izes; dh lR;rk fl) djrk gks] gS&
(A) 0 (B) – 1 (C*) – 2 (D) 3

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 Application of Derivatives

1
F-3. If f(x) satisfies the requirements of Lagrange’s mean value theorem on [0, 2] and if f(0) = 0 and f(x) 
2
 x  [0, 2], then
(A) | f(x) |  2 (B*) f(x)  1
(C) f(x) = 2x (D) f(x) = 3 for at least one x in [0, 2]
;fn f(x), [0, 2] ds vUrjky esa yasxzkt ek/;eku çes; ds lHkh çfrcU/kksa dks lUrq"V djrk gS] rFkk ;fn f(0) = 0 rFkk
1
f(x)   x  [0, 2] rks
2
(A) | f(x) |  2 (B*) f(x)  1
(C) f(x) = 2x (D) [0, 2] esa de ls de ,d x ds fy, f(x) = 3

F-4. Consider the function for x  [–2, 3]

 –6 ; x 1
 3
f(x) =  x – 2x – 5x  6
2 . The value of c obtained by applying Rolle's theorem for which
 ; x 1
 x –1
f(c) = 0 is
ekuk fd x  [–2, 3] ds fy, Qyu
 –6 ; x 1
 3
f(x) =  x – 2x – 5x  6
2 . jksy izes; dk iz;ksx djus ij c dk eku tcfd f(c) = 0 gS] gksxk&
 ; x 1
 x –1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C*) 1/2 (D) 'c' does not exist fo|eku ugh gS

F-5. If f(x) be a twice differentiable function such that f(x) = x 2 for x = 1, 2, 3, then
(A) f (x) = 2  x  [1, 3] (B*) f(x) = 2 for some x  (1, 3)
(C) f” (x) = 3  x (2, 3) (D) f” (x) = f(x) for x (2, 3)
;fn nks ckj vodyuh; Qyu f(x) bl izdkj gS fd x = 1, 2, 3 ds fy, f(x) = x2 gks] rks&
(A) lHkh x  [1, 3] ds fy, f (x) = 2 (B) dqN x  (1, 3) ds fy, f(x) = 2
(C) lHkh x (2, 3) ds fy, f” (x) = 3 (D) x  (2, 3) ds fy, f(x) = f(x)

PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN

Hkkx - III : dkWye dks lqesfyr dhft, (MATCH THE COLUMN )

1. Column – I Column – II
x

(A) If curves y2 = 4ax and y = e 2a
are orthogonal then ‘a’ (p) 36
can take value
(B) If  is angle between the curves y = [| sin x | + | cos x|], (q) 1
([] denote GIF) and x2 + y2 = 5 then cosec2 is

 
2
(C)Maximum value of –3  4x – x 2  4  (x – 5)2 (r) 5/4
(where 1  x  3) is

(D)_ The curve y = ax3 + bx2 + 3x + 5 touches y = (x + 2)2 at (–2, 0).

a 
then   b  is (s) 0
 2 

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 Application of Derivatives

LrEHk – I LrEHk – II
x

(A) ;fn oØ y2 = 4ax vkSj y = e 2a
ijLij yEcdks.kh; oØ gSA (p) 36
rc a dk eku gks ldrk gS&

(B) ;fn oØ y = [| sin x | + | cos x|] ([.] egÙke iw.kk±d Qyu dks
çnf'kZr djrk gSA) ,oa x2 + y2 = 5 ds e/; dks.k gks] rks cosec2 cjkcj gS& (q) 1

 
2
(C) –3  4x – x 2  4  (x – 5)2 (tcfd 1  x  3) dk vf/kdre eku gS& (r) 5/4

(D)_The curve y = ax3 + bx2 + 3x + 5 touches y = (x + 2)2 at (–2, 0).

a 
then   b  is (s) 0
2 
Ans. (A  p, q, r); (B  r) ; (C  p); (D  q)

2. Column-I Column-II
1
(A) The number of point (s) of maxima of f(x) = x2 + is (p) 0
x2

(B) (sin– 1 x)3 + (cos– 1 x)3 is maximum at x = (q) 2

8
(C) If [a, b], (b < 1) is largest interval in which (r)
3
f(x) = 3x4 + 8x3 – 6x2 – 24x + 19 is strictly increasing
a
then is
b
a3  b3
(D) If a + b = 8, a, b > 0 then minimum value of is (s) –1
48

LrEHk-I LrEHk-II
1
(A) Qyu f(x) = x2 + ds mfPp"B ekuksa ds fcUnqvksa dh la[;k gS (p) 0
x2

(B) (sin– 1 x)3 + (cos– 1 x)3 vf/kdre gksxk tc x = (q) 2

8
(C) ;fn [a, b], (b < 1) lcls cM+k vUrjky gS ftlesa (r)
3

a
f(x) = 3x4 + 8x3 – 6x2 – 24x + 19 fujUrj o/kZeku gks] rks s=
b

a3  b3
(D) ;fn a + b = 8, a, b > 0 gks] rks dk U;wure eku gS& (s) –1
48

Ans. (A)  (p), (B)  (s), (C)  (q), (D)  (r)

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 Application of Derivatives

3. Column –  Column – 
sin x
(A) f(x) = , x  [0,] (p) Conditions in Rolle's theorem are satisfied.
ex
1 3
(B) f(x) = sgn ((ex – 1)nx), x   ,  (q) Conditions in LMVT are satisfied.
2 2
(C) f(x) = (x–1)2/5, x  [0,3] (r) At least one condition in Rolle's theorem is not
satisfied.
  1 
  e x – 1
 x , x [–1,1] – {0}
  1

  e x  1 
 , x 0
(D) f(x) =  0
(s) At least one condition in LMVT is not satisfied.

LrEHk – I LrEHk – II
sin x
(A) f(x) = , x  [0,] (p) jksy izes; ds izfrcU/kksa dks lUrq"V djrk gSA
ex
1 3
(B) f(x) = sgn ((ex – 1)nx), x   ,  (q) ysxzkat ek/;eku izes; ds izfrcU/kksa dks larq"V djrk gSA
2 2
(C) f(x) = (x–1)2/5, x  [0,3] (r) jksy izes; ds de ls de ,d izfrcU/k dks lUrq"V ugha
djrk gSA
  1 
  e x – 1
 x , x [–1,1] – {0}
  1 
  e  1 
 x
 , x 0
(D) f(x) =  0
(s) ysxzkat ek/;eku izes; ds de ls de ,d izfrcU/k dks
larq"V ugha djrk gSA
Ans. (A)  (p,q), (B)  (r,s), (C)  (r,s), (D)  (r,s)

4. Column – I Column – II
(A) A rectangle is inscribed in an equilateral triangle of side 4cm. (p) 65
Square of maximum area of such a rectangle is
(B) The volume of a rectangular closed box is 72 and the base (q) 45
sides are in the ratio 1 : 2. The least total surface area is
(C) If x and y are two positive numbers such that x + y = 60 and x 3y is (r) 12
maximum then value of x is
(D) The sides of a rectangle of greatest perimeter which is inscribed (s) 108
in a semicircle of radius 5 are a and b. Then a3 + b3 =
LrEHk – I LrEHk – II
(A) 4cm lseh- Hkqtk okys ,d leckgq f=kHkqt ds vUrxZr ,d vk;r cuk;k x;k gSA (p) 65
bl vk;r ds vf/kdre {ks=kQy dk oxZ gksxk
(B) vk;rkdkj can lanwd dk vk;ru 72 gS vkSj mlds vk/kkj dh (q) 45
Hkqtk,¡ 1 : 2 ds vuqikr esa gSA U;wure lEiw.kZ i`"Bh; {ks=kQy dk eku gS&

(C) ;fn x ,oa y nks /kukRed la[;k,¡ gS ,oa x + y = 60 rc x3y ds vf/kdre gksus ij (r) 12
x dk eku gksxk

(D) 5 f=kT;k ds v)Zo`r ds vUrxZr fufeZr vf/kdre ifjeki okys vk;r (s) 108
dh Hkqtk,¡ a ,oa b gS rc a3 + b3 dk eku gS&
Ans. (A)  (r), (B)  (s),(C)  (q),(D)  (p)

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 Application of Derivatives


 Marked Questions may have for Revision Questions.
 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA
PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
Hkkx-I : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)

sin x 2
1. Equation of normal drawn to the graph of the function defined as f(x) = , x  0 and f(0) = 0 at the
x
origin is
sin x 2
f(x) = , x  0 rFkk f(0) = 0 ls ifjHkkf"kr Qyu ds vkys[k ij ewyfcUnq ij [khaps x;s vfHkyEc dk lehdj.k
x
gS&
(A*) x + y = 0 (B) x  y = 0 (C) y = 0 (D) x = 0

x y
2. The line   1 touches the curve y = be–x/a at the point
a b
x y
js[kk  1 oØ y = be–x/a dks ftl fcUnq ij Li'kZ djrh gSa] og gS –
a b
a b  b
(A) (– a, 2b) (B)  ,  (C)  a,  (D*) (0, b)
2 2  e

3^.The equation of normal to the curve x3 + y3 = 8xy at point where it is meet by the curve y2 = 4x, other
than origin is
(A*) y = x (B) y = –x + 4 (C) y = 2x (D) y = –2x
oØ x3 + y3 = 8xy, ds ml fcUnq ij vfHkyEc dk lehdj.k Kkr dhft,A tgk¡ ;g oØ y2 = 4x dks ewy fcUnq ds
vykok ftl fcUnq ij feyrk gS
(A*) y = x (B) y = –x + 4 (C) y = 2x (D) y = –2x

4^. The length of segment of all tangents to curve x2/3 + y2/3 = a2/3 intercepted between coordinate axes is
|a| 3|a|
(A) 2|a| (B*) |a| (C) (D)
2 2
fl) dhft, fd oØ x2/3 + y2/3 = a2/3 ij [khaph xbZ lHkh Li'kZ js[kkvksa }kjk v{kksa ds e/; dkVs x;s vUr[k.Mks dh
yEckb;k¡ ijLij leku gSaA
|a| 3|a|
(A) 2|a| (B*) |a| (C) (D)
2 2

5. If tangents are drawn from the origin to the curve y = sin x, then their points of contact lie on the curve
;fn ewy fcUnq ls oØ y = sin x ij Li'kZ js[kk,¡ [khaph tkrh gks] rks muds Li'kZ fcUnq ftl oØ ij fLFkr gS og gS&
(A) x – y = xy (B) x + y = xy (C*) x2 – y2 = x2y2 (D) x2 + y2 = x2y2

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 Application of Derivatives

6. Number of tangents drawn from the point (–1/2, 0) to the curve y = e{x}. (Here { } denotes fractional part
function).
fcUnq (–1/2, 0) ls oØ y = e{x} ij fdruh Li'kZ js[kk,sa [khaph tk ldrh gS& (;gk¡ { } fHkUukRed Hkkx Qyu dks
iznf'kZr djrk gSA)
(A) 2 (B*) 1 (C) 3 (D) 4

 x2 , x  0
7. Let f(x) =  2 Equation of tangent line touching both branches of y = f(x) is
x  8 , x  0
 x2 , x  0
ekuk f(x) =  , y = f(x) dh Li'kZ js[kk dk lehdj.k gksxk tks 'kk[kkvksa dks Li’'kZ djrh gS&
x  8 , x  0
2

(A) y = 4x + 1 (B*) y = 4x + 4 (C) y = x + 4 (D) y = x + 1

8. Minimum distance between the curves f(x) = ex & g(x) = n x is

oØ f(x) = ex rFkk g(x) = n x ds e/; U;wure nwjh gS&

(A) 1 (B*) 2 (C) 2 (D) e

9. The point(s) on the parabola y2 = 4x which are closest to the circle,

x2 + y2  24y + 128 = 0 is/are:

(A) (0, 0) 
(B) 2 , 2 2  (C*) (4, 4) (D) none

o`Ùk x2 + y2  24y + 128 = 0 ds fudVre ijoy; y2 = 4x ij fLFkr fcUnq gS&

(A) (0, 0) 
(B) 2 , 2 2  (C) (4, 4) (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

a  ; g(x) = a a x
a x sgn x  sgn x

10. If f(x) = 
for a > 1, a  1and x  R, where { } & [ ] denote the fractional part

and integral part functions respectively, then which of the following statements holds good for the

function h(x), where (n a) h(x) = (n f(x) + n g(x)).

(A) ‘h’ is even and increasing (B) ‘h’ is odd and decreasing
(C) ‘h’ is even and decreasing (D*) ‘h’ is odd and increasing

;fn a > 1, a  1 ,oa x  R ds fy, f(x) = a

a x  ; g(x) = a a x
sgn x 
 sgn x

gks] tgk¡ { } ,oa [ ] Øe'k% fHkUukRed

Hkkx Qyu ,oa iw.kk±d Hkkx Qyu dks iznf'kZr djrs gks] rks fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSulk dFku Qyu h(x) ds fy, lR;

gSa] tgk¡ (n a) h(x) = (n f(x) + n g(x)).

(A) h le rFkk o)Zeku gSA (B) h fo"ke rFkk Ðkleku gSA

(C) h le rFkk Ðkleku gSA (D) h fo"ke rFkk o)Zeku gSA

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 Application of Derivatives

x2 x2
11. If f(x) = ; g(x) = where 0 < x < 1, then
2  2cos x 6x  6 sin x
(A) both 'f' and 'g' are increasing functions
(B) 'f' is decreasing & 'g' is increasing function
(C*)'f' is increasing & 'g' is decreasing function
(D) both 'f' & 'g' are decreasing function
x2 x2
;fn f(x) = ; g(x) = tgk¡ 0 < x < 1 gks] rks –
2  2cos x 6x  6 sin x
(A) f ,oa g nksuksa o)Zeku Qyu gSaA
(B) f Ðkleku Qyu gS rFkk g o)Zeku Qyu gSA
(C) f o)Zeku Qyu gS rFkk g Ðkleku Qyu gSA
(D) f ,oa g nksuksa Ðkleku Qyu gSaA

12. If f : [1, 10]  [1, 10] is a non-decreasing function and g : [1, 10]  [1, 10] is a non-increasing function.
Let h(x) = f(g(x)) with h(1) = 1, then h(2)
(A) lies in (1, 2) (B) is more than 2 (C*) is equal to 1 (D) is not defined
;fn f : [1, 10]  [1, 10] Ðkleku Qyu ugha gS rFkk g : [1, 10]  [1, 10] ,d o)Zeku Qyu ugha gSA ekuk h(x) =
f(g(x)) ,oa h(1) = 1 gks] rks h(2) dk eku &
(A) vUrjky (1, 2) esa fLFkr gSA (B) 2 ls vf/kd gSA
(C) 1 ds cjkcj gSA (D) ifjHkkf"kr ugha gSA

13. If f(x) = |ax – b| + c|x| is stricly increasing at atleast one point of non differentiability of the function
where a > 0, b > 0, c > 0 then
;fn f(x) = |ax – b| + c|x| Qyu ds vodyuh;rk ugha gksus ds de ls de ,d fcUnq ij fujUrj o/kZeku gS tgk¡
a > 0, b > 0, c > 0 rc
(A*) c > a (B) a > c (C) b > a + c (D) a = b

ex  e x
14. If g(x) is a curve which is obtained by the reflection of f(x) = by the line y = x then
2
(A) g(x) has more than one tangent parallel to x-axis
(B) g(x) has more than one tangent parallel to y-axis
(C) y = –x is a tangent to g(x) at (0, 0)
(D*) g(x) has no extremum
ex  e x
ljy js[kk y = x esa Qyu f(x) = dk izfrfcEc oØ g(x) gS rks
2
(A) g(x) ds fy;s] x-v{k ds lekUrj Li'kZ js[kk,¡ ,d ls vf/kd gksxhA
(B) g(x) ds fy;s y-v{k ds lekUrj Li'kZ js[kk,¡ ,d ls vf/kd gksxhA
(C) g(x) ds fy;s (0, 0) ij Li'kZ js[kk dk lehdj.k y = –x gksxkA
(D*) g(x) dk dksbZ pje eku ugha gksxkA

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 Application of Derivatives

15. The set of values of p for which all the points of extremum of the function f(x) = x3  3 px2 + 3 (p2  1) x +
1 lie in the interval ( 2, 4), is:
Qyu f(x) = x3  3 px2 + 3 (p2  1) x + 1 ds lHkh pje fcUnq vUrjky ( 2, 4) esa fLFkr gks] rks p ds ekukas dk
leqPp; gS&
(A) ( 3, 5) (B) ( 3, 3) (C*) ( 1, 3) (D) ( 1, 4)


 x  x  10 x  5
3 2
, x 1
16. Let f(x) =  the set of values of b for which f(x) has greatest value at x =

2

 2 x  log2 b  2  , x 1

1 is given by :
 x3  x 2  10 x  5 , x 1
;fn f(x) =  gks] rks b ds mu ekuksa dk leqPp; ftuds fy, f(x), x = 1 ij
 
 2 x  log2 b  2
2
 , x 1

vf/kdre eku j[krk gS] gksxk –

(A) 1  b  2 (B) b = {1, 2}

(C) b  (,  1) (D*)   130,  2

  U  2 , 130 


17. Consider the following statements :

fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, :
2x 2 – 1
S1 : The function y = is neither increasing nor decreasing.
x4
S2 : If f(x) is strictly increasing real function defined on R and c is a real constant, then number of
Solutions of f(x) = c is always equal to one.
S3 : Let f(x) = x ; x  (0, 1). f(x) does not has any point of local maxima/minima
S4 : f(x) = {x} has maximum at x = 6 (here {.} denotes fractional part function).
2x 2 – 1
S1 : Qyu y = u rks o)Zeku gS vkSj u gh Ðkleku gSA
x4
S2 : ;fn okLrfod la[;kvksa ds leqPp; R esa ifjHkkf"kr f(x) fujUrj o)Zeku okLrfod Qyu gS rFkk c ,d
okLrfod vpj gS] rks f(x) = c ds gyksa dh la[;k ges'kk ,d ds cjkcj gSA
S3 : ekuk f(x) = x ; x  (0, 1). f(x) ds fy;s dksbZ LFkkuh; fufEu"V@mfPp"V fcUnq fo|eku ugha gSaA
S4 : f(x) = {x} dk mfPp"V x = 6 ij gS (;gk¡ {.} fHkUukRed Hkkx Qyu dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA).
State, in order, whether S1, S2, S3, S4 are true or false
S1, S2, S3, S4 ds lR; (T) ;k vlR; (F) gksus dk lgh Øe gS &
(A) TTFT (B) FTFT (C*) TFTF (D) TFFT

18. Four points A, B, C, D lie in that order on the parabola y = ax 2 + bx + c. The coordinates of A, B & D are
known as A( 2, 3); B( 1, 1) and D(2, 7). The coordinates of C for which the area of the quadrilateral
ABCD is greatest, is
(A*) (1/2, 7/4) (B) (1/2,  7/4) (C) ( 1/2, 7/4) (D) ( 1/2, –7/4)
ijoy; y = ax + bx + c ij pkj fcUnq A, B, C ,oa D Øekuqlkj fLFkr gSaA A,B ,oa D ds funsZ'kkad A( 2, 3);
2

B( 1, 1) ,oa D(2, 7) gSaA prqHkqZt ABCD dk {ks=kQy vf/kdre gks] rks fcUnq C ds funsZ'kkad gSa –
(A) (1/2, 7/4) (B) (1/2,  7/4) (C) ( 1/2, 7/4) (D) ( 1/2, –7/4)
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 Application of Derivatives

19. In a regular triangular prism the distance from the centre of one base to one of the vertices of the other
base is . The altitude of the prism for which the volume is greatest, is :

,d le f=kHkqtkdkj fizTe ds fdlh vk/kkj ds dsUnz dh fdlh vU; vk/kkj ij fLFkr fdlh 'kh"kZ ls nwjh  gSA fizTe dk
vk;ru vf/kdre gksus ds fy;s fizTe ds 'kh"kZyEc dh yEckbZ gksxh –

(A) (B*) (C) (D)

2 3 3 4

20. The maximum area of the rectangle whose sides pass through the angular points of a given rectangle
of sides a and b is
1 1 2 a3
(A) 2 (ab) (B*) (a + b)2 (C) (a + b2) (D)
2 2 b
ml vk;r dk vf/kdre {ks=kQy ftldh Hkqtk,¡ a ,oa b yEckb;ksa okyh Hkqtkvksa ls cus vk;r ds 'kh"kks± ls xqtjrh gS]
gksxk&
1 1 2 a3
(A) 2 (ab) (B*) (a + b)2 (C) (a + b2) (D)
2 2 b

21. If f(x) = (x – 4) (x – 5) (x – 6) (x – 7) then,

(A) f(x) = 0 has four roots.
(B*) three roots of f(x) = 0 lie in (4, 5)  (5, 6)  (6, 7).
(C) the equation f(x) = 0 has only one real root.
(D) three roots of f(x) = 0 lie in (3, 4)  (4, 5)  (5, 6).
;fn f(x) = (x – 4) (x – 5) (x – 6) (x – 7) gks] rks
(A) f(x) = 0 ds pkj ewy gSaA
(B) f(x) = 0 ds rhu ewy (4, 5)  (5, 6)  (6, 7) esa fLFkr gSaA
(C) lehdj.k f(x) = 0 dk dsoy ,d okLrfod ewy gSA
(D) f(x) = 0 ds rhu ewy (3, 4)  (4, 5)  (5, 6) esa fLFkr gSaA

22. Square roots of 2 consecutive natural number greater than N2 is differ by

N2 ls cM+h nks Øekxr izkÑr la[;kvksa ds oxZewyksa dk vUrj gS&
1 1 1 1
(A) > (B)  (C*) < (D) >
2N 2N 2N N

nx
23. If Rolle's theorem is applicable to the function f(x) = , (x > 0) over the interval [a, b] where a , b
x
, then the value of a2 + b2 can be
(A*) 20 (B) 25 (C) 45 (D) 10
nx
;fn vUrjky [a, b] tgk¡ a , b esa Qyu, f(x) = ds fy, jksyizes; ykxw gksrh gSA rc a2 + b2 dk eku gks
x
ldrk gS&
(A*) 20 (B) 25 (C) 45 (D) 10

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 Application of Derivatives

PART - II : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE

Hkkx - II : ,dy ,oa f}&iw.kk±d eku izdkj ¼SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE½

1. The number of distinct line(s) which is/are tangent at a point on curve 4x3 = 27 y2 and normal at other
point, is :
fHkUu&fHkUu js[kkvksa dh la[;k tks oØ 4x3 = 27 y2 ds fdlh fcUnq ij Li'kZ js[kk rFkk vU; fcUnq ij vfHkyEc gks]
gksxh&
Ans. 2

2. The sum of the ordinates of point of contacts of the common tangent to the parabolas y = x 2 + 4x + 8
and y = x2 + 8x + 4, is
ijoy;ksa y = x2 + 4x + 8 rFkk y = x2 + 8x + 4 dh mHk;fu"B Li'kZ js[kk ds Li'kZ fcUnqvksa dh dksfV;ks dk ;ksx gS&
Ans. 24

3. A light shines from the top of a pole 50 ft. high. A ball is dropped from the same height from a point 30
ft. away from the light. If the shadow of the ball moving at the rate of 100 ft/sec along the ground 1/2
sec. later [ Assume the ball falls a distance s = 16 t2 ft. in ' t ' sec.], then || is :
50 QqV Åpsa ,d [kEHks ds 'kh"kZ ij ,d cYc tyrk gSA blh ÅpkbZ ls cYc ls 30 QqV nqjh ij ,d xsan fxjkbZ tkrh
gS ;fn 1/2 lsad.M ckn xasn dh ijNkbZ 100 QqV/lsa dh nj ls /kjkry ij xrh djrh gS[;g ekurs gq, fd xsan 't'
lsad.M esa s = 16 t2 QqV dh nwjh r; djrh gS], rc || cjkcj gS&
Ans. 15

4. A variable ABC in the xy plane has its orthocentre at vertex 'B' , a fixed vertex 'A' at the origin and the
7 x2
third vertex 'C' restricted to lie on the parabola y = 1 + . The point B starts at the point (0, 1) at time
36
t = 0 and moves upward along the y axis at a constant velocity of 2 cm/sec . If the area of the triangle
7
increasing at the rate of 'p' cm 2/sec when t = sec, then 7p is.
2
xy lery esa ,d pj ABC dk yEcdsUnz 'kh"kZ 'B' ij gSA 'kh"kZ 'A' ewy fcUnq ij gS rFkk 'kh"kZ 'C' ijoy; y = 1 +
7 x2
ij gSA t = 0 ij fcUnq B fcUnq (0, 1) ij fLFkr gS rFkk ;g ,d fuf'pr osx 2 lseh-/ls- y v{k ds vuqfn'k Åij
36
7
dh vksj xfr djrk gSA ;fn f=kHkqt dk {ks=kQy t = ls- ij 'p' oxZ lseh-@ls- dh nj ls c<+ jgk gS rc 7p dk eku
2
gS&
Ans. 66
e x  e x
2 2

5. Function defined by f(x) = is injective in [ – 2, ), the least value of  is

ex  e x
2 2

e x  e x
2 2

f(x) = }kjk ifjHkkf"kr Qyu [ – 2, ) esa ,dSdh Qyu gS rks  dk U;wure eku gS&
ex  e x
2 2

Ans. 2

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 Application of Derivatives

6. If f(x) = 2ex – ae–x + (2a + 1) x – 3 monotonically increases for  x  R, then the minimum value of 'a' is
;fn f(x) = 2ex – ae–x + (2a + 1) x – 3,  x  R ds fy, ,dfn"V o/kZeku gS rc 'a' dk U;wure eku gS&
Ans. 0

7.  
If n2< log2 2  3 <n3, then number of roots of the equation 4cos (ex) = 2x + 2–x, is

;fn n2 < log2  2  3  <n3gks] rks lehdj.k 4cos (ex) = 2x + 2–x ds ewyksa dh la[;k gS&
Ans. 4

1 
8. For –1  p  1, the equation 4x3 – 3x – p = 0 has ‘n’ distinct real roots in the interval  , 1 and one of
2 
1
its root is cos(kcos–1p), then the value of n + is :
k

vUrjky  , 1 esa] –1  p  1ds fy, lehdj.k 4x3 – 3x – p = 0 ds ‘n’ fofHkUu okLrfod ewy gS rFkk bldk ,d
1
2 
1
ewy cos(kcos–1p) gS rc n + dk eku gS&
k
Ans. 4

9. If p  (0, 1/e) then the number of the distinct roots of the equationn x px = 0 is:

;fn p  (0, 1/e) rc lehdj.k n x px = 0 ds fofHkUu ewyksa dh la[;k gS&
Ans. 3

10. If the set of all values of the parameter 'a' for which the function
f(x) = sin2x – 8(a + 1) sin x + (4a2 + 8a – 14) x increases for all x  R and has no critical points for all x
 R, is (–, –m – n )  ( n , ) then (m2 + n2) is (where m, n are prime numbers) :
;fn izkpy 'a' ds lHkh ekuksa dk leqPp; ftlds fy, Qyu
f(x) = sin2x – 8(a + 1) sin x + (4a2 + 8a – 14) x lHkh x  R esa o/kZeku gS rFkk lHkh x  R esa dksbZ Økafrd fcUnq
ugh gS] (–, –m – n )  ( n , ) rc (m2 + n2) gS (tgk¡ m, n vHkkT; la[;k, gSA)
Ans. 29

2 2
11. Least value of the function, f(x) = 2x  1 + is:
x2
2 1
2 2
Qyu f(x) = 2x  1 + dk U;wure eku gS –
x2
2 1
Ans. 1

12. Real root of the equation

(x – 1)2013 + (x – 2)2013 + (x – 3)2013 +...............+(x – 2013)2013 = 0 is a four digit number. Then the sum of
the digits is :
lehdj.k (x – 1)2013 + (x – 2)2013 + (x – 3)2013 +...............+(x – 2013)2013 = 0 dk okLrfod ewy pkj vad dh la[;k
gS rc vadks dk ;ksx gS&
Ans. 8

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 Application of Derivatives

a 3
13. The exhaustive set of values of 'a' for which the function f(x) = x + (a + 2) x2 + (a  1) x + 2 possess
3
a negative point of minimum is (q, ). The value of q is :
a 3
'a' ds ekuksa dk laEiw.kZ leqPp; ftlds fy, Qyu f(x) = x + (a + 2) x2 + (a  1) x + 2 dk fufEu"B dk fcUnq
3
_.kkRed gS (q, ) gS rc q dk eku gS&
Ans. 1

1/ x
 f (x) 
14. If f(x) is a polynomial of degree 6, which satisfies Lim  1  3  = e2 and has local maximum at x = 1
x0
 x 
4
 5   18 
and local minimum at x = 0 and x = 2, then the value of   f   is :
 9  5 
1/ x
  f (x)
;fn f(x) ,d 6 ?kkr dh cgqin gS tks Lim 1 3  = e2 dks larq"V djrk gS rFkk x = 1 ij LFkkuh; vf/kdre
x0 
 x 
4
LFkkuh; U;wure gS rc    18 
5
x = 0 rFkk x = 2 ij f   dk eku gS&
 9  5 
Ans. 32

15. The three sides of a trapezium are equal each being 6 cms long. Let  cm2 be the maximum area of the
trapezium. The value of 3  is :
,d leyEc prqHkqZt dh rhu Hkqtk,a cjkcj gS rFkk izR;sd 6 lseh- gSSA ekuk leyEc prqHkqZt dk vf/kdre {ks=kQy
lseh2 gS rc 3  gS&
Ans. 81

16. A sheet of poster has its area 18 m². The margin at the top & bottom are 75 cms. and at the sides
50 cms. Let , n are the dimensions of the poster in meters when the area of the printed space is

maximum. The value of 2 + n2 is :

foKkiu dh ,d 'khV dk {ks=kQy 18 oxZ ehVj gSA Åijh lhek vkSj uhpyh lhek nksuks 75 lseh- gSA rFkk Hkqtkvksa ij
50 lseh- nwj lhek gS ekuk , n foKkiu dh foek,a ehVj esa gS rc Nis gq, Hkkx dk vf/kdre {ks=kQy gS rc 2 + n2
dk eku gS&
Ans. 39

17. The fuel charges for running a train are proportional to the square of the speed generated in m.p.h. and
costs Rs. 48/- per hour at 16 mph. What is the most economical speed if the fixed charges i.e. salaries
etc. amount to Rs. 300/- per hour.
fdlh Vsªu dks pykus ij vkus okyk b±/ku&[kpZ] Vsªu dh pky (m.p.h esa) ds oxZ ds lekuqikrh gksrk gS vkSj 16 mph
dh pky ij 48 :i;s izfr ?k.Vk [kpZ vkrk gSA vkfFkZd :i ls lokZf/kd mi;qDr pky D;k gksxh ;fn osru vkfn dks
feykdj fu;r [kpZ 300 :i;s izfr ?kaVk gksA
Ans. 40 mph

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 Application of Derivatives

18. Let f(x) = Max. {x2, (1 – x)2, 2x(1 – x)} where x  [0, 1] If Rolle's theorem is applicable for f(x) on largest
possible interval [a, b] then the value of 2(a + b + c) when c  (a, b) such that f'(c) = 0, is
ekuk f(x) = Max. {x2, (1 – x)2, 2x(1 – x)} tgk¡ x  [0, 1] ;fn Qyu f(x) ds fy, vf/kdre laHko varjky
[a, b] essa jksy izes; ykxw gksrh gS rc 2(a + b + c) dk eku] tgk¡ c  (a, b) bl izdkj gS fd f'(c) = 0 gksxk&

Ans. 3

PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx - III : ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi çdkj
1. If tangent to curve 2y3 = ax2 + x3 at point (a, a) cuts off intercepts ,  on co-ordinate axes, where 2 +
2 = 61, then the value of 'a' is equal to
;fn oØ 2y3 = ax2 + x3 ds fcUnq (a, a) ij [khaph xbZ Li'kZ js[kk v{kksa ij Øe'k% ,  vUr%[k.M dkVrh gS tgk¡ 
2 + 2 = 61 gks] rks a dk eku gS &
(A) 20 (B) 25 (C*) 30 (D*)  30

2. For the curve x = t2 + 3t – 8, y = 2t2 – 2t – 5, at point (2, – 1)

(A*) length of subtangent is 7/6. (B*) slope of tangent = 6/7
(C*) length of tangent = (85) / 6 (D) none of these
oØx = t2 + 3t – 8, y = 2t2 – 2t – 5 ds fcUnq (2, – 1) ij
(A) v|%Li'khZ dh yEckbZ 7/6 gSA (B) Li'kZ js[kk dh izo.krk = 6/7
(C) Li'kZ js[kk dh yEckbZ = (85) / 6 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

3. Which of the following statements is/are correct ?

(A*) x + sinx is increasing function
(B*) sec x is neither increasing nor decreasing function
(C) x + sinx is decreasing function
(D) sec x is an increasing function
fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSulk@dkSuls dFku lR; gSa&
(A) x + sinx o)Zeku Qyu gSA
(B) sec x u rks o)Zeku u gh Ðkleku Qyu gSA
(C) x + sinx Ðkleku Qyu gSA
(D) sec x o)Zeku Qyu gSA

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 Application of Derivatives

4. If f(x) = 2x + cot–1 x + n  

1  x 2  x , then f(x) :

(A*) increases in [0, ) (B) decreases in [0, )

(C) neither increases nor decreases in [0, ) (D*) increases in (– , )

 
;fn f(x) = 2x + cot–1 x + n 1  x 2  x gks] rks Qyu f(x) –

(A) vUrjky [0, ) esa o)Zeku gSA (B) vUrjky [0, ) esa Ðkleku gSA
(C) vUrjky [0, ) esa u o)Zeku u gh Ðkleku gSA (D) vUrjky (– , ) esa o)Zeku gSA

5. Let g(x) = 2f(x/2) + f(1 – x) and f(x) < 0 in 0  x  1 then g(x)
 2 2 
(A) decreases in 0,  (B*) decreases  , 1
 3 3 
 2 2 
(C*) increases in 0,  (D) increases in  , 1
 3 3 

;fn vUrjky 0  x  1 esa g(x) = 2f(x/2) + f(1 – x) ,oa f(x) < 0 gks] rks g(x)
 2 2 
(A) 0,  esa Ðkleku gSA (B)  , 1 esa Ðkleku gSA
 3 3 
 2 2 
(C) 0,  esa o)Zeku gSA (D)  , 1 esa o)Zeku gSA
 3  3 

6. Let f(x) = xm/n for x  R where m and n are integers, m even and n odd and 0 < m < n. Then
(A*) f(x) decreases on (– , 0] (B*) f(x) increases on [0, )
(C) f(x) increases on (– , 0] (D) f(x) decreases on [0, )
ekuk lHkh x  R ds fy, f(x) = x m/n
gS, tgk¡ m vkSj n Øe'k% le ,oa fo"ke iw.kk±d gSa vkSj 0 < m < n gS] rks
(A) vUrjky (– , 0] esa f(x) Ðkleku gSA (B) vUrjky [0, ) esa f(x) o)Zeku gSA
(C) vUrjky (– , 0] esa f(x) o)Zeku gSA (D) vUrjky [0, ) esa f(x) Ðkleku gSA

7. Let f and g be two differentiable functions defined on an interval  such that f(x)  0 and g(x)  0 for all
x and f is strictly decreasing on  while g is strictly increasing on  then
(A*) the product function fg is strictly increasing on 
(B) the product function fg is strictly decreasing on I
(C) fog(x) is monotonically increasing on 
(D*) fog (x) is monotonically decreasing on 
 ekuk nks vodyuh; Qyu f ,oa g vUrjky  esa bl izdkj ifjHkkf"kr gS fd lHkh x ds fy, f(x)  0 ,oa g(x)  0
gSa rFkk vUrjky  esa f fujUrj Ðkleku gS tcfd vUrjky  esa g fujUrj o)Zeku gS] rks &
(A) xq.ku Qyu fg vUrjky esa fujUrj o)Zeku gSA
(B) xq.ku Qyu fg vUrjky  esa fujUrj Ðkleku gSA
(C) vUrjky  esas fog(x) ,dfn"V o)Zeku gSA
(D) vUrjky  esa fog (x) ,dfn"V Ðkleku gSA

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 Application of Derivatives

8. Let (x) = (f(x))3 – 3(f(x))2 + 4f(x) + 5x + 3 sin x + 4 cos x  x  R, where f(x) is a differentiable function
xR, then
(A*)  is increasing whenever f is increasing (B)  is increasing whenever f is decreasing
(C)  is decreasing whenever f is decreasing (D*)  is decreasing if f(x) = – 11
ekuk (x) = (f(x)) – 3(f(x)) + 4f(x) + 5x + 3 sin x + 4 cos x  x  R, rks
3 2

(A)  o)ZZeku gksxk tc dHkh f o)Zeku gSA (B)  o)Zeku gksxk tc dHkh f Ðkleku gSA
(C)  Ðkleku gS tcfd f Ðkleku gSA (D) ;fn f(x) = – 11 rks  Ðkleku gSA

x  p2 pq pr
9. If p, q, r be real, then the intervals in which, f(x) = pq x  q2 qr ,
pr qr x  r2
2 2
(A*) increase is x < – (p + q2 + r2), x > 0
3
2 2
(B*) decrease is (– (p + q2 + r2), 0)
3
2
(C) decrease is x < – (p2 + q2 + r2), x > 0
3
2
(D) increase is (– (p2 + q2 + r2), 0)
3
x  p2 pq pr
;fn p, q, r okLrfod gS rks vUrjky ftlesa f(x) = pq x  q2 qr ,
pr qr x  r2
2 2
(A*) o)Zeku gS x < – (p + q2 + r2), x > 0
3
2 2
(B*) Ðkleku gS (–
(p + q2 + r2), 0)
3
2
(C) Ðkleku gS x < – (p2 + q2 + r2), x > 0
3
2 2
(D) o)Zeku gS (– (p + q2 + r2), 0)
3

10. Let f(x) = (x2  1)n (x2 + x + 1). f(x) has local extremum at x = 1 if
ekuk f(x) = (x2  1)n (x2 + x + 1). f(x) dk x = 1 ij LFkkuh; pje eku gksrk gS ;fn&
(A*) n = 2 (B) n = 3 (C*) n = 4 (D*) n = 6

x  
11. If f(x) = , x   0,  , then
1  x tan x  2
(A) f(x) has exactly one point of minima (B*) f(x) has exactly one point of maxima
 
(C) f(x) is increasing in  0,  (D*) maxima occurs at x0 where x0 = cosx0
 2
x  
;fn f(x) = , x   0,   gks] rks –
1  x tan x  2
(A) f(x) Bhd ,d fufEu"V fcUnq j[krk gSA (B) f(x) Bhd ,d mfPp"V fcUnq j[krk gSA
 
(C) f(x) vUrjky  0,  esa o)Zeku gSA (D) x0 ij mfPp"V j[krk gS tcfd x0 = cosx0
 2

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 Application of Derivatives

 1  x2 , 0  x 1
12. If f(x) =  , then
  x , x 1
(A*) Maximum of f(x) exist at x = 1 (B) Maximum of f (x) doesn't exists
(C*) Minimum of f (x) exist at x = – 1
–1
(D) Minimum of f–1(x) exist at x = 1

;fn f(x) =   1  x , 0  x  1 gks] rks&
2

 x , x 1

(A) x = 1 ij f(x) vf/kdre j[krk gSA (B) f (x) dk vf/kdre fo|eku ugha gSA
(C) x = – 1 ij f–1(x) U;wure j[krk gSA (D) x = 1 ij f–1(x) U;wure j[krk gSA

13. If f(x) = tan–1x – (1/2) n x. Then

(A*) the greatest value of f(x) on 1/ 3, 3  is /6 + (1/4) n 3



(B*) the least value of f(x) on 1/ 3, 3  is /3 – (1/4) n 3


(C*)f(x) decreases on (0, )
(D) f(x) increases on (– , 0)

;fn f(x) = tan–1x – (1/2) n x gks] rks &

(A) vUrjky 1/ 3, 3  esa f(x) dk egÙke eku /6 + (1/4) n 3 gSA

(B) vUrjky 1/ 3, 3  esa f(x) dk U;wure eku /3 – (1/4) n 3 gSA

(C) vUrjky (0, ) esa f(x) Ðkleku gSA

(D) vUrjky (– , 0) esa f(x) o)Zeku gSA

40
14. Let f(x) = . Which of the following statement(s) about f(x) is (are) correct ?
3x  8x  18x 2  60
4 3

(A*) f(x) has local minima at x = 0.

(B) f(x) has local maxima at x = 0.
(C*) Absolute maximum value of f(x) is not defined.
(D*) f(x) is local maxima at x = – 3, x = 1.

40
;fn f(x) = gks] rks fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSulk@dkSuls dFku lR; gSa &
3x 4  8x3  18x 2  60

(A) x = 0 ij f(x) LFkkuh; fufEu"V j[krk gS

(B) x = 0 ij f(x) LFkkuh; mfPp"V j[krk gS
(C) f(x) dk ije mfPp"V eku ifjHkkf"kr ugha gS
(D) x = – 3 ,oa x = 1 ij f(x) LFkkuh; mfPp"V j[krk gS

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 Application of Derivatives

15. For the function f(x) = x cot–1x, x 0

x
(A) there is atleast one x  (0, 1) for which cot–1x =
1  x2
 2
(B*) for atleast one x in the interval (0, ), f  x   –f(x) < 1
 
(C) number of solution of the equation f(x) = sec x is 1
(D*) f’(x) is strictly decreasing in the interval (0, )
vUrjky x 0 esa Qyu f(x) = x cot–1x ds fy;s
x
(A) vUrjky (0, 1) esa x dk de ls de ,d eku bl izdkj gksxk fd cot–1x =
1  x2

esa x dk de ls de ,d eku bl izdkj gksxk fd f  x   –f(x) < 1

2
(B*) vUrjky (0, )
  
(C) lehdj.k f(x) = sec x ds gyksa dh la[;k 1 gS
(D*) vUrjky (0, ) esa f'(x), fujUrj âkleku gSA

16. Which of the following statements are true :

(A*) |tan–1 x – tan–1 y|  |x – y| , where x, y are real numbers.
(B*) The function x100 + sinx – 1 is strictly increasing in [0, 1]
(C*) If a, b, c are in A.P, then at least one root of the equation 3ax2 – 4bx + c = 0 is positive
(D) The number of solution(s) of equation 3 tanx + x3 = 2 in (0, /4) is 2
fuEufyf[kr esa ls lR; dFku crkb;s :
(A*) |tan–1 x – tan–1 y|  |x – y| , tgk¡ x, y okLrfod la[;k,sa gSA
(B*) vUrjky [0, 1] esa Qyu x100 + sinx – 1 fujUrj o)Zeku gSA
(C*) ;fn a, b, c lekUrj Js.kh esa gks] rks lehdj.k 3ax2 – 4bx + c = 0 dk de ls de ,d ewy /kukRed gSA
(D) vUrjky (0, /4) esa lehdj.k 3 tanx + x3 = 2 ds gyksa dh la[;k 2 gSA

17. Let f(x) be a differentiable function and f() = f() = 0 ( < ), then in the interval (, )
(A*) f(x) + f '(x) = 0 has at least one root
(B*) f(x) – f '(x) = 0 has at least one real root
(C*) f(x) . f '(x) = 0 has at least one real root
(D) none of these
ekuk f(x) ,d vodyuh; Qyu gS rFkk f() = f() = 0 ( < ), rks vUrjky (, ) esa
(A*) f(x) + f '(x) = 0 dk de ls de ,d ewy gSA
(B*) f(x) – f '(x) = 0 dk de ls de ,d okLrfod ewy gSA
(C*) f(x) . f '(x) = 0 dk de ls de ,d okLrfod ewy gSA
(D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

18. Which of the following inequalities are valid –

fuEu esa ls dkSulh vlfedk,a laHko gSA
(A*) |tan–1 x – tan–1y|  |x – y|  x, y  R (B) |tan–1 x – tan–1y|  |x – y|
(C*) |sin x – sin y|  |x – y| (D) |sin x – sin y|  |x – y|

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 Application of Derivatives

19. The values of the parameter ‘a’ for which the point of minimum of the function f(x) = 1 + a 2 x – x3
x2  x  2
satisfies the inequality 2 < 0 are -
x  5x  6
x2  x  2
izkpy 'a' ds eku ftuds fy, Qyu f(x) = 1 + a2 x – x3 dk U;wure fcUnq vlfedk 2 < 0 dks larq"V
x  5x  6
djrk gS&
(A*) (2 3, 3 3) (B*) (3 3, 2 3) (C) (2 3, 3 3) (D) (3 2, 2 3)

x 2  3x  2
20. A function f(x) = is -
x 2  2x  3
(A*) 1 is not in its domain (B) minimum at x = – 3 and maximum at x = 1
(C*) no point of maxima and minima (D) increasing in its domain
x 2  3x  2
Qyu f(x) = gS-
x 2  2x  3
(A) 1 blds izkUr esa ugha gSA (B) x = – 3 ij U;wure rFkk x = 1 ij vf/kdre
(C*) mfPp"V rFkk fufEu"V dk dksbZ fcUnq ugha (D) vius izkUr esa o)Zeku gSA

x  
21. Let f(x) = & x   0, 
sin x  2 
2 3 4
Then the interval in which at least one root of equaiton lie + + =0
     5 
xf  xf  xf 
 12  4  12 
            5      5  
(A*)  f   , f    (B)  0, f    (C)  f   ,  (D*)  f   , f   
  12   4    12     12    4  12  
x  
ekuk f(x) = & x   0,
sin x  2 
2 3 4
rc vUrjky ftlesa lehdj.k + + =0 dk de ls de ,d ewy fLFkr gSA
     5 
xf  xf  xf 
 12  4  12 
            5      5  
(A*)  f   , f    (B)  0, f    (C)  f  ,  (D*)  f   , f   
  12   4    12     12    4  12  

22. For all x in [1, 2]

Let f"(x) of a non-constant function f(x) exist and satisfy |f(x)|  2. If f(1) = f(2), then
(A*) There exist some a  (1, 2) such that f(a) = 0
(B) f(x) is strictly increasing in (1, 2)
(C*) There exist atleast one c  (1, 2) such that f(c) > 0
(D*) |f(x)| < 2  x  [1, 2]
[1, 2] esa lHkh x ds fy, ekuk ,d Qyu tks vpj ugha gS ds fy, f"(x) fo|eku gS rFkk |f(x)|  2 dks larq"V djrk
gSA ;fn f(1) = f(2) gS rc&
(A*) dqN a  (1, 2) bl izdkj gS fd f(a) = 0
(B) (1, 2) esa f(x) fujUrj o/kZeku gSA
(C*) de ls de ,d c  (1, 2) bl izdkj gS fd f(c) > 0
(D*) |f(x)| < 2  x  [1, 2]

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 Application of Derivatives

PART - IV : COMPREHENSION
Hkkx - IV : vuqPNsn (COMPREHENSION)
Comprehension # 1
vuqPNsn # 1
Let P(x) be a polynomial of degree 4 and it vanishes at x = 0. Given P(–1) = 55 and P(x) has relative
maximum/relative minimum at x = 1, 2, 3.
ekuk P(x), 4 ?kkr dk cgqin gS tks x = 0 ij 'kwU; gksrk gSA fn;k x;k gS P(–1) = 55 rFkk P(x), x = 1, 2, 3 ij
LFkkuh; mfPp"B/LFkkuh; fufEu"B j[krk gSA.

1. Area of the triangle formed by extremum points of P(x), is

P(x) ds pje fcUnqvksa ls cus f=kHkqt dk {ks=kQy gS&
(A*) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

2. If the number of negative integers in the range of P(x) is , then  equals–
;fn P(x) dh ifjlj es _.kkRed iw.kk±dksa dh la[;k  gS rks  dk eku gS &
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D*) 9

3. If P(x) +  = 0 has four distinct roots. then  lies in interval

;fn P(x) +  = 0 ds pkj fHkUu ewy gS rks  ftl vUrjky esa fLFkr gS] og gS&
(A) (1, 2) (B*) (8, 9) (C) (3, 4) (D) (–5, 7)

Comprehension # 2
 x  sin x 
Consider a function f defined by f(x) = sin–1 sin   ,  x  [0, ], which satisfies
 2 
f(x) + f(2 – x) = , x  [, 2] and f(x) = f(4 – x) for all x  [2, 4], then
vuqPNsn #2
x  sin
ekuk f ,d Qyu gS tks f(x) = sin–1 sin 
x
 ,  x  [0, ] }kjk ifjHkkf"kr gS vkSj
 
2
f(x) + f(2 – x) = , x  [, 2] dks larq"V djrk gS vkSj lHkh x  [2, 4] ds fy, f(x) = f(4 – x), rc

4. If  is the length of the largest interval on which f(x) is increasing, then  =
;fn  ml lcls cM+s vUrjky dh yEckbZ gS ftlesa f(x) o)Zeku gS] rks  =

(A) (B)  (C*) 2 (D) 4
2

5. If f(x) is symmetric about x = , then  =

;fn x =  ds lkis{k f(x) lefer gS] rks  =
 
(A) (B*)  (C) (D) 2
2 4
6. Maximum value of f(x) on [0, 4] is :
[0, 4] ds fy, f(x) dk vf/kdre eku gS&
 
(A*) (B)  (C) (D) 2
2 4

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 Application of Derivatives

Comprehension # (Q. to 9)
vuqPNsn (Q.3 to 9)
Concavity and convexity : ¼voryrk vkSj mÙkyrk½
If f(x) > 0  x  (a, b), then the curve y = f(x) is concave up (or simply concave) in (a,b) and
If f(x) < 0  x  (a, b) then the curve y = f(x) is concave down (or simply convex) in (a, b).
;fn f(x) > 0  x  (a, b), rc y = f(x) vUrjky a,b) esa Åij dh vkSj vory gksrk gS rFkk
;fn f(x) < 0  x  (a, b) rc y = f(x) vUrjky (a, b) esa uhps dh vkSj vory gksrk gS &

concave up concave down

or or
concave convex

Inflection point : ¼ufrifjorZu fcUnq½

The point where concavity of the curve changes is known as point of inflection (at inflection
point f(x)
is equal to 0 or undefined).
fcUnq tgk¡ ij oØ dh voryrk cnyrh gS] ufr ifjorZu fcUnq dgykrk gS ¼ufr ifjorZu fcUnq ij f(x), 0 ds cjkcj
;k
vifjHkkf"kr gksrk gSA½

inflection point

c
y>0 y< 0

7. Number of point of inflection for f(x) = (x – 1)3 (x– 2)2 , is

f(x) = (x – 1)3 (x– 2)2 , ds fy, ufr ifjorZu fcUnqvksa dh la[;k gS&
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C*) 3 (D) 4

3x 2
8. Exhaustive set of values of ‘a’ for which the function f(x) = x4 + ax3 + + 1 will be concave upward
2
along the entire real line, is :
3x 2
a ds fu''ks"kh ekuksa dk leqPp; ftlds fy, Qyu f(x) = x4 + ax3 + + 1 lEiw.kZ okLrfod js[kk ds fy, Åij
2
dh vkSj vory gS &
(A) [–1,1] (B*) [–2,2] (C) [0,2] (D) [0,4]

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 Application of Derivatives

1
9. Area enclosed by f(x) = n (x – 2) – , x = 6, x = 10 and x-axis is :
x
8 8
(A) equal to 10n2 – (B) less than 10n2 –
15 15
8 8
(C*) greater than 10n2 – (D) equal to 8n2 –
15 15
1
f(x) = n (x – 2) – , x = 6, x = 10 vkSj x-va{k ls ifjc) {ks=kQy gS &
x
8 8
(A) 10n2 – ds cjkcj gS (B) 10n2 – ls de gS
15 15
8 8
(C*) 10n2 – ls vf/kd gS (D) 8n2 – ds cjkcj gSA
15 15

Comprehension # 4

vuqPNsn # 4

For a double differentiable function f(x) if f(x) 0 then f(x) is concave upward and if f(x) 0 then f(x) is

concave downward

 k   k 2 
Here M  1 , 0
 k1  k 2 

k1f()  k 2 f()  k   k 2 
If f(x) is a concave upward in [a, b] and ,  [a, b] then  f 1  , where k1, k2
k1  k 2  k1  k 2 
R+

k1f()  k 2 f()  k   k 2 
If f(x) is a concave downward in [a, b] and ,  [a, b] then  f 1  , where k1, k2
k1  k 2  k1  k 2 
R+
then answer the following

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 Application of Derivatives

k  k  
;gk¡ M  1 2
, 0
 1
k  k 2 

k1f()  k 2 f()  k   k 2 
;fn f(x) vUrjky [a, b] esa Åij dh vksj vory gS rFkk ,  [a, b] rc  f 1  , tgk¡ k1,
k1  k 2  k1  k 2 

k2 R+

k1f()  k 2 f()  k   k 2 
;fn f(x) vUrjky [a, b] esa uhps dh vksj vory gS rFkk ,  [a, b] rc  f 1  , tgk¡
k1  k 2  k1  k 2 

k1, k2 R+ rks

10. Which of the following is true

fuEu esa ls dkSulk lR; gS&
sin   sin   sin   sin  
(A)  sin   ; a, b (0, ) (B)  sin   ; a, b  (, 2)
2  2  2  2 
sin   sin  
(C*)  sin   ; , (0, ) (D) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)
2  2 

11. Which of the following is true

fuEu esa ls dkSulk lR; gS&
 2
2  21 2 n   n  2   
(A)  2 3
(B)  n  
3 3  3 
 2
tan1   tan1  
 
– (D*) e  2e  e
(C)  tan1   ) a, b  R 3
2  2  3

12. Let  , and are three distinct real numbers and f(x) < 0. Also f(x) is increasing function and let
f –1()  f –1()  f –1(  )  
A= and B = f –1   , then order relation between A and B is ?
3  3 
(A*) A > B (B) A < B (C) A = B (D) none of these
ekuk  , rFkk rhu fofHké okLrfod la[;k,¡ gS rFkk f(x) < 0 rFkk f(x) o/kZeku Qyu gSA ekuk A =
f –1()  f –1()  f –1(  )  
rFkk B = f –1   , rc A rFkk B ds e/; lEcU/k gS\
3  3 

(A*) A > B (B) A < B (C) A = B (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

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 Application of Derivatives


 Marked Questions may have for Revision Questions.
 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA
* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
* fpfUgr iz'u ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi okys iz'u gS -

PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

Hkkx - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u

1. If f(x) is a twice differentiable function such that f(a) = 0, f(b) = 2, f(c) = –1, f(d) = 2, f(e) = 0, where
a < b < c < d < e, then the minimum number of zeroes of g(x) = (f(x))2 + f(x) f(x) in the interval
[a, e] is [IIT-JEE-2006, (6, 0)/184]
;fn f(x) nks ckj vodyuh; Qyu bl izdkj gS fd f(a) = 0, f(b) = 2, f(c) = –1, f(d) = 2, f(e) = 0,
tgk¡ a < b < c < d < e rc vUrjky [a,e] esa g(x) = (f(x))2 + f(x) f(x) ds de ls de 'kwU;ksa dh la[;k gSA
Ans. 6

2*. f(x) is cubic polynomial which has local maximum at x = – 1, If f(2) = 18, f(1) = – 1 and f(x) has local
minima at x = 0, then [IIT-JEE-2006, (5, –1)/184]

(A) the distance between (–1, 2) and (a, f(a)), where x = a is the point of local minima is 2 5 .

(B*) f(x) is increasing for x  [1, 2 5 )

(C*) f(x) has local minima at x = 1

(D) the value of f(0) = 5
f(x) ,d f=k?kkrh; cgqin gS tks x = – 1 ij LFkkuh; mfPp"V j[krk gSA ;fn f(2) = 18, f(1) = – 1 vkSj x = 0 ij
Qyu f(x) ds fy;s LFkkuh; fufEu"V izkIr gksrk gks] rks &

(A) (–1, 2) vkSj (a, f(a)) ds e/; nwjh 2 5 . gS] tgk¡ x = a LFkkuh; fufEu"V fcUnq gSA

(B*) x  [1, 2 5 ) ds fy, f(x) o)Zeku gSA

(C*) x = 1 ij f(x) LFkkuh; fufEu"V j[krk gSA
(D) f(0) dk eku 5 gSA

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 Application of Derivatives

Comprehension # 1 (Q. No. 3 to 5)

vuqPNsb # 1 (iz'u la[;k 3 ls 5)

If a continuous function f defined on the real line R, assumes positive and negative values in R then the
equation f(x) = 0 has a root in R. For example, if it is known that a continuous function f on R is positive
at some point and its minimum value is negative then the equation f(x) = 0 has a root in R.
Consider f(x) = kex – x for all real x where k is a real constant.
;fn okLrfod js[kk R ij ifjHkkf"kr ,d lrr Qyu f , R esa /kukRed vkSj _.kkRed eku xzg.k djrk gS rks
lehdj.k f(x) = 0, R esa ,d ewy j[krk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] ;fn ;g Kkr gS fd R ij ifjHkkf"kr ,d lrr Qyu f
fdlh fcUnq ij /kukRed gS rFkk bldk U;wure eku _.kkRed gS] rks lehdj.k f(x) = 0, R esa ,d ewy j[krk gSA ekuk
fd x ds lHkh okLrfod ekuksa ds fy;s f(x) = kex – x gS tgk¡ k ,d okLrfod vpj la[;k gSA

3. The line y = x meets y = kex for k  0 at [IIT-JEE 2007, Paper-2, (4, –1)/ 81]
(A) no point (B*) one point (C) two points (D) more than two points
js[kk y = x, oØ y = kex] k  0 ds fy;s feyrh gS & [IIT-JEE 2007, Paper-2, (4, –1)/ 81]
(A) fdlh fcUnq ij ugha (B) ,d fcUnq ij (C) nks fcUnqvksa ij (D) nks ls vf/kd fcUnqvksa ij

4. The positive value of k for which kex – x = 0 has only one root is [IIT-JEE 2007, Paper-2, (4, –1)/ 81]
k dk og /kukRed eku ftlds fy;s kex – x = 0 dk dsoy ,d ewy fo|eku gksrk gS &
1
(A*) (B) 1 (C) e (D) loge 2
e
5. For k > 0, the set of all values of k for which kex – x = 0 has two distinct roots is
[IIT-JEE 2007, Paper-2, (4, –1)/ 81]
k > 0 ds fy;s k ds mu lHkh ekuksa dk leqPp; ftlds fy;s ke – x = 0 ds nks fHkUu ewy fo|eku gksaxs &
x

 1 1  1 
(A*)  0,  (B)  , 1 (C)  ,   (D) (0, 1)
 e   e   e 

6. Let f(x) = 2 + cos x for all real x. [IIT-JEE 2007, Paper-2, (3, –1)/ 81]
STATEMENT - 1 : For each real t, there exists a point c in [t, t + ] such that f(c) = 0.
because
STATEMENT - 2: f(t) = f(t + 2) for each real t.
(A) Statement - 1 is True, Statement - 2 is True; Statement - 2 is a correct explanation for
Statement - 1
(B*) Statement - 1 is True, Statement - 2 is True; Statement - 2 is NOT a correct explanation for
Statement - 1
(C) Statement - 1 is True, Statement - 2 is False
(D) Statement - 1 is False, Statement - 2 is True
ekuk fd x ds lHkh okLrfod ekuksa ds fy, f(x) = 2 + cos x [IIT-JEE 2007, Paper-2, (3, –1)/ 81]
dFku - 1: izR;sd okLrfod t ds fy, [t, t + ] esa ,d fcUnq c dk vfLrRo gS ftlds fy, f(c) = 0
D;ksafd
dFku – 2 : izR;sd okLrfod t ds fy, f(t) = f(t + 2)
(A) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSA
(B) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k ugha gSA
(C) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 vlR; gSA
(D) dFku&1 vlR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gSA

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 Application of Derivatives

7. The tangent to the curve y = ex drawn at the point (c, ec) intersects the line joining the points (c – 1, ec–1)
and (c + 1, ec+1) [IIT-JEE 2007, Paper-1, (3, –1)/ 81]
(A*) on the left of x = c (B) on the right of x = c
(C) at no point (D) at all points
oØ y = ex ds fcUnq (c, ec) ij [khaph xbZ Li'kZ js[kk ( fcUnqvksa (c – 1, ec–1) rFkk (c + 1, ec+1) dks feykus okyh ljy
js[kk dks izfrPNsn djrh gS & [IIT-JEE 2007, Paper-1, (3, –1)/ 81]
(A) x = c ds cka;h vksj (B) x = c ds nka;h vksj
(C) fdlh Hkh fcUnq ij ugha (D) lHkh fcUnqvksa ij

   
8. Let the function g : (–, )    ,  be given by g(u) = 2 tan–1 (eu) – . Then, g is
 2 2 2
(A) even and is strictly increasing in (0, )
(B) odd and is strictly decreasing in (–, )
(C*) odd and is strictly increasing in (–, )
(D) neither even nor odd, but is strictly increasing in (–, )
  
ekuk Qyu g : (–, )    ,  , g(u) = 2 tan–1 (eu) – }kjk fn;k x;k gSA rc, g
 2 2 2
(A) le gS rFkk (0, ) esa fujUrj o)Zeku gSA
(B) fo"ke gS rFkk (–, ) esa fujUrj Ðkleku gSA
(C) fo"ke gS rFkk (–, ) esa fujUrj o)Zeku gSA
(D) u rks le gS vkSj u gh fo"ke gS fdUrq (–, ) esa fujUrj o)Zeku gSA

(2  x)3 , 3  x  1
9. The total number of local maxima and local minima of the function f(x) =  2 / 3 is
 x , 1  x  2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C*) 2 (D) 3
(2  x) 3
, 3  x  1
Qyu f(x) =  ds LFkkuh; mfPPk"Bks ,oa LFkkuh; fufEu"Vksa dh dqy la[;k gS&
 x
2/3
, 1  x  2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C*) 2 (D) 3

1
10*. For the function f(x) = x cos , x  1, [IIT-JEE 2009, Paper-2, (4, –1)/ 80]
x
(A) for at least one x in the interval [1, ), f(x + 2) – f(x) < 2
(B*) lim f(x) = 1
x 

(C*) for all x in the interval [1, ), f(x + 2) – f(x) > 2
(D*) f(x) is strictly decreasing in the interval [1, )
1
Qyu f(x) = x cos , x  1 ds fy,
x
(A) vUrjky [1, ) esa x ds de ls de ,d eku ds fy, f(x + 2) – f(x) < 2
(B) lim f(x) = 1
x 

(C) vUrjky [1, ) esa x ds lHkh ekuksa ds fy, f(x + 2) – f(x) > 2
(D) f(x) vUrjky [1, ) esa fujUrj Ðkleku gSA

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 Application of Derivatives

 p(x) 
11. Let p(x) be a polynomial of degree 4 having extremum at x = 1, 2 and lim  1  2  = 2. Then the
x 0
 x 
value of p(2) is [IIT-JEE 2009, Paper-2, (4, –1)/ 80]
  p(x)
ekuk p(x) dksbZ 4 ?kkrh; cgqin gS ftlds pje&eku x = 1, 2 ij gSa ,oa lim 1  2  = 2 rc p(2) dk eku gS
x 0 
 x 
Ans. 0

12. Let f be a function defined on R (the set of all real numbers) such that
f(x) = 2010 (x – 2009) (x – 2010)2 (x – 2011)3 (x – 2012)4, for all x  R.
If g is a function defined on R with values in the interval (0, ) such that f(x) = n (g(x)), for all x  R,

then the number of points in R at which g has a local maximum is [IIT-JEE 2010, Paper-2, (3, 0)/ 79]
ekuk fd Qyu f, R (lHkh okLrfod la[;kvksa dk lewy) ij bl izdkj ifjHkkf"kr gS fd izR;sd x  R ds fy,
f(x) = 2010 (x – 2009) (x – 2010)2 (x – 2011)3 (x – 2012)4A
;fn R ij ifjHkkf"kr Qyu g ftlds lHkh eku vUrjky (0, ) esa gS] bl izdkj dk gS fd izR;sd x  (0, ) ds fy,
f(x) = n (g(x)) gks] rks mu fcUnqvksa dh la[;k] tgk¡ g dk LFkkuh; mfPp"B gks] gS
Ans. 1

2 2
13. Let f, g and h be real-valued functions defined on the interval [0, 1] by f(x) = e x + e– x ,
2 2 2 2
g(x) = xe x + e – x and h(x) = x 2 ex + e – x . If a, b and c denote, respectively, the absolute maximum
of f, g and h on [0, 1], then [IIT-JEE 2010, Paper-1, (3, –1)/ 84]
(A) a = b and c  b (B) a = c and a  b (C) a  b and c  b (D*) a = b = c
2 2
ekuk fd f, g ,oa h okLrfod eku okys Qyu gSa tks vUrjky [0, 1] ij f(x) = e x + e– x ,
2 2
g(x) = xe x + e – x ls ifjHkkf"kr gSaA ;fn a, b ,oa c Øe'k% f, g ,oa h ds [0, 1] ij mfPp"V gS] rc&

(A) a = b ,oa c  b (B) a = c ,oa a  b (C) a  b ,oa c  b (D) a = b = c

14. Match the statements given in Column-I with the intervals/union of intervals given in Column-II
[IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-2, (8, 0), 80]
Column-I Column-II
  2iz  
(A) The set Re  2 
: z is a complex number, | z | 1, z  1 is (p) (–, –1)  (1, )
  1  z  
 8(3)x  2 
(B) The domain of the function f(x) = sin–1  2( x 1) 
is (q) (–, 0)  (0, )
 1 3 
1 tan  1
(C) If f() =  tan  1 tan  , (r) [2, )
1  tan  1
 
then the set f() : 0     is
 2
(D) If f(x) = x3/2 (3x – 10), x  0, then f(x) is increasing in (s) (–, –1] [1, )

(t) (–, 0]  [2, )

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 Application of Derivatives

dkWye I esa fn;s x;s oDrO;ksa dk dkWye II esa fn;s varjkyksa vFkok varjkyks ds lfEeyu ls lqesy djsa
[IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-2, (8, 0), 80]

dkWye-I dkWye-II

(A) leqPp; Re  2iz 2  : z is a complex number, | z | 1, z  1 gS (p) (–, –1)  (1, )
1 z
   
 8(3)x  2 
(B) Qyu f(x) = sin–1  2( x 1) 
dk izkUr (domain) gS (q) (–, 0)  (0, )
 1 3 
1 tan  1
(C) f() =  tan  1 tan  , rc leqPp; (r) [2, )
1  tan  1

 
f() : 0     gS
 2
(D) ;fn f(x) = x3/2 (3x – 10), x  0, rc f(x) fdlesa o/kZeku (increasing) gS (s) (–, –1] [1, )

(t) (–, 0]  [2, )

Ans. (A)  (s), (B)  (t), (C)  (r), (D)  (r)

15. The number of distinct real roots of x4 – 4x3 + 12x2 + x – 1 = 0 is [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-2, (4, 0), 80]
lehdj.k x – 4x + 12x + x – 1 = 0 ds okLrfod fHkUu ewyksa (distinct real roots) dh la[;k gSA
4 3 2

Ans. 2

16. Let p(x) be a real polynomial of least degree which has a local maximum at x = 1 and a local minimum
at x = 3. If p(1) = 6 p(3) = 2 , then p(0) is [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-1, (4, 0), 70]
ekuk fd p(x) U;wure ?kkr dk og okLrfod cgqin (real polynomial) gS ftldk ,d LFkkuh; mPpre (local
maximum) x = 1 ij gS vkSj ,d LFkkuh; U;wure (local minimum) x = 3 ij gSA ;fn p(1) = 6 vkSj p(3) = 2 gS
rc p(0) dk eku gS
Ans (9)

17. Let f : R  R be defined as f(x) = |x| + |x 2 – 1|. The total number of points at which f attains either a
local maximum or a local minimum is [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-1, (4, 0), 70]
ekuk fd f : R  R ftldks f(x) = |x| + |x2 – 1| ls ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSA tgk¡ f dk ,d LFkkuh; mPpre (local
maximum) ;k ,d LFkkuh; U;wure (local minimum) gS] mu lHkh fcanqvksa dh dqy la[;k gSA
Ans (5)

18. The number of points in (– ,), for which x2 – x sinx – cosx = 0, is

(– ,) esa fcUnqvksa dh la[;k] ftuds fy, x2 – x sinx – cosx = 0, gS&
[JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (2, 0)/60]
(A) 6 (B) 4 (C*) 2 (D) 0

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 Application of Derivatives

19. A rectangular sheet of fixed perimeter with sides having their lengths in the ratio 8 : 15 is converted into
an open rectangular box by folding after removing squares of equal area from all four corners. If the
total area of removed squares is 100, the resulting box has maximum volume. The lengths of the sides
of the rectangular sheet are
(A*) 24 (B) 32 (C*) 45 (D) 60
,d fuf'pr ifjeki dh vk;rkdkj pknj dks] ftldh Hkqtkvksa dh yEckb;k¡ 8 : 15 ds vuqikr esa gSa] lHkh pkjksa fdukjksa
ls leku {ks=kQy ds oxZ fudky dj ,d [kqyh vk;rkdkj isVh esa ifjofrZr fd;k tkrk gSA ;fn fudkys x;s oxksZ dk
dqy {ks=kQy 100 gS] rc ifj.kkeh isVh dk vk;ru egÙke gSA rc vk;rkdkj pknj dh Hkqtkvksa dh yEckb;k¡ fuEu gS&
[JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (4, – 1)/60]
(A) 24 (B) 32 (C) 45 (D) 60

x2 y2
20. A vertical line passing through the point (h, 0) intersects the ellipse  = 1 at the points P and Q.
4 3
Let the tangents to the ellipse at P and Q meet at the point R. If (h) = area of the triangle PQR, 1 =
8
max (h) and 2 = min (h), then 1 – 82 = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (4, – 1)/60]
1/ 2  h 1 1/ 2  h 1
5
x2 y2
fcUnq (h, 0) ls xqtjus okyh Å/okZ/kj js[kk nh?kZo`Ùk  = 1 dks fcUnqvksa P rFkk Q ij dkVrh gSA ekuk fd
4 3
fcUnqvksa P rFkk Q ij nh?kZo`Ùk dh Li'kZ js[kk,¡ fcUnq R ij feyrh gSA ;fn (h) = f=kHkqt PQR dk {ks=kQy 1 =
8
max (h) vkSj 2 = min (h) gS] rc 1 – 82 = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (4, – 1)/60]
1/ 2  h1 1/ 2  h 1
5

21*. The function f(x) = 2|x| + |x + 2| – ||x + 2| – 2|x|| has a local minimum or a local maximum at x =
Qyu f(x) = 2|x| + |x + 2| – ||x + 2| – 2|x|| dk ,d LFkkuh; U;wure ;k ,d LFkkuh; vf/kdre ftu x ds eku ij
gS] og gS& [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
–2 2
(A*) – 2 (B*) (C) 2 (D)
3 3

Paragraph for Question Nos. 22 to 23

iz'u 22 ls 23 ds fy, vuqPNsn
Let f : [0, 1]  R (the set of all real numbers) be a function. Suppose the function f is twice
differentiable,
f(0) = f(1) = 0 and satisfies f(x) – 2f(x) + f(x)  ex, x  [0, 1].
ekukfd f : [0, 1]  R (lHkh okLrfod la[;kvksa dk leqPp;) ,d Qyu gSA eku yhft, Qyu f nks ckj vodyuh;
gS]
f(0) = f(1) = 0 rFkk f(x) – 2f(x) + f(x)  ex, x  [0, 1] dks larq"V djrk gSA

22. Which of the following is true for 0 < x < 1 ? [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
fuEu esa ls dkSu 0 < x < 1 ds fy, lR; gS ?
1 1 1
(A) 0 < f(x) <  (B) – < f(x) < (C) – < f(x) < 1 (D*) –  < f(x) < 0
2 2 4

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 Application of Derivatives

1
23. If the function e–x f(x) assumes its minimum in the interval [0, 1] at x = , which of the following is true?
4
1
;fn Qyu e–x f(x), vUrjky [0, 1] esa viuk U;wure eku x = ij ysrk gS] rc fuEu esa ls dkSu lR; gS ?
4
[JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
1
(A) f (x) < f(x), (B) f (x) > f(x), 0 < x <
4
1 3
(C*) f (x) < f(x), 0 < x < (D) f (x) < f(x), <x<1
4 4

24. A line L : y = mx + 3 meets y - axis at E(0, 3) and the arc of the parabola y2 = 16x, 0  y  6 at the point
F(x0 , y0). The tangent to the parabola at F(x0, y0) intersects the y-axis at G(0, y1). The slope m of the line
L is chosen such that the area of the triangle EFG has a local maximum
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists :
[JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
List - I List - II
1
P. m = 1.
2
Q. Maximum area of EFG is 2. 4
R. y0 = 3. 2
S. y1 = 4. 1

,d js[kk L : y = mx + 3, y - v{k ds fcUnq E(0, 3) rFkk ijoy; ds pki y2 = 16x, 0  y  6 ds fcUnq F(x0 , y0) ij
feyrh gSA ijoy; dh fcUnq F(x0, y0) ij Li'khZ y-v{k dks fcUnq G(0, y1) ij dkVrh gSA js[kk L dh ço.krk m ,slh
pquh tkrh gS fd f=kHkqt EFG ds {ks=kQy dk ,d LFkkuh; vf/kdre gSA
lwph I lwph II ls lqesfyr dhft, rFkk lwfp;ksa ds uhps fn, x, dksM dk ç;ksx djds lgh mÙkj pqfu;s %
[JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
lwph - I lwph- II
1
P. m = 1.
2
Q. EFG dk egÙke {ks=kQy gS 2. 4
R. y0 = 3. 2
S. y1 = 4. 1

Codes :
P Q R S
(A) 4 1 2 3
(B) 3 4 1 2
(C) 1 3 2 4
(D) 1 3 4 2

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 Application of Derivatives

25*. Let a  R and let f : R  R be given by f(x) = x5 – 5x + a. Then

[JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-1, (3, 0)/60]

(A) f(x) has three real roots if a > 4
(B*) f(x) has only one real root if a > 4
(C) f(x) has three real roots if a < – 4
(D*) f(x) has three real roots if – 4 < a < 4

ekukfd a  R rFkk f : R  R fuEu ds }kjk f(x) = x5 – 5x + a ifjHkkf"kr gSA rc

(A) a > 4 ds fy, f(x) ds rhu okLrfod ewy (real; roots) gSaA

(B) a > 4 ds fy, f(x) dk dsoy ,d okLrfod ewy gSA

(C) a < – 4 ds fy, f(x) ds rhu okLrfod ewy gSA

(D) – 4 < a < 4 ds fy;s f(x) ds rhu okLrfod ewy gSA

26. The slope of the tangent to the curve (y – x5)2 = x(1 + x2)2 at the point (1, 3) is

oØ (curve) (y – x5)2 = x(1 + x2)2 ds fcUnq (1, 3) ij Li'kZjs[kk (tangent) dh izo.krk (slope) gSA
[JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-1, (3, 0)/60]
Ans. (8)

27. A cylindrical container is to be made from certain solid material with the following constraints: It has
fixed inner volume of V mm3, has a 2 mm thick solid wall and is open at the top. The bottom of the
container is solid circular disc of thickness 2 mm and is of radius equal to the outer radius of the
container.
If the volume of the material used to make the container is minimum when the inner radius of the

V
container is 10 mm, then the value of is
250

fuEu O;ojks/kksa (container) dks larq"V djrs gq, ,d csyukdkj ik=k (cylinderical container) ,d Bksl inkFkZ ls

cuk;k gS% ik=k dk vkUrfjd vk;ru V ?ku feeh fu;r (fixed) gS rFkk bldh nhokjsa 2 feeh eksVkbZ dh gSa ,oa ik=k

Åij ls [kqyk gSA ik=k dk fupyk ry 2 feeh eksVkbZ okyk Bksl o`Ùkh; fMLd (circular disc) gS rFkk ftldh f=kT;k]

ik=k dh ckgjh f=kT;k ds cjkcj gSA ;fn ik=k dh vkarfjd f=kT;k 10 feeh gksus ij inkFkZ ds U;wure vk;ru dh

V
vko';drk gksrh gks] rc dk eku gSA [JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-1 (4, 0) /88]
250

Ans. 4

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 Application of Derivatives

28*. Let f, g : [–1, 2]  R be continuous function which are twice differentiable on the interval (–1, 2). Let the
values of f and g at the points –1, 0 and 2 be as given in the following table :
x  –1 x  0 x  2
f ( x) 3 6 0
g( x ) 0 1 –1

In each of the intervals (–1, 0) and (0, 2) the function (f – 3g)" never vanishes. Then the correct
statement(s) is (are) [JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-2 (4, –2)/ 80]
(A) f'(x) – 3g'(x) = 0 has exactly three solutions in (–1, 0)  (0, 2)
(B*) f'(x) – 3g'(x) = 0 has exactly one solution in (–1, 0)
(C*) f'(x) – 3g'(x) = 0 has exactly one solution in (0, 2)
(D) f'(x) – 3g'(x) = 0 has exactly two solutions in (–1, 0) and exactly two solutions in (0, 2)

ekuk fd f, g : [–1, 2]  R larr Qyu gS tks dh varjky (–1, 2) esa nks ckj vodyuh; (twice differentiable) gSA
ekuk fd f vkSj g ds eku] fcUnqvksa –1, 0 vkSj 2 ij fuEu lkj.kh esa n'kkZ, x, gS -
x  –1 x  0 x  2
f ( x) 3 6 0
g( x ) 0 1 –1

;fn izR;sd varjky (–1, 0) vkSj (0, 2) esa Qyu (f – 3g)" dHkh Hkh 'kwU; dk eku ugh ysrk gS] rc lgh dFku gS (gSa)
[JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-2 (4, –2)/ 80]
(A) (–1, 0)  (0, 2) esa] f'(x) – 3g'(x) = 0 ds rhu gh gy (exactly three solutions) gSa
(B*) (–1, 0) esa] f'(x) – 3g'(x) = 0 ds ,d gh gy (exactly one solutions) gS
(C*) (0, 2)esa] f'(x) – 3g'(x) = 0 ds ,d gh gy (exactly one solution ) gS
(D) f'(x) – 3g'(x) = 0 dks (–1, 0) esa nks gh gy (exactly two solutions) gS vkSj (0, 2) esa nks gh gy gS

29. Let f : R  (0, ) and g : R  R be twice differentiable functions such that f " and g" are continuous
f ( x )g( x )
functions on R. Suppose f '(2) = g(2) = 0, f "(2)  0 and g'(2)  0, If lim = 1, then
x 2 f ' ( x )g' ( x )
(A*) f has a local minimum at x = 2
(B) f has a local maximum at x = 2
(C) f "(2) > f(2)
(D*) f(x) – f "(x) = 0 for at least one x  R
Ekkuk fd f : R  (0, ) vkSj g : R  R ,sls nks ckj vodyuh; (twice differentiable) Qyu gSa fd R ij f " vkSj
g" lrr~ (continuous) Qyu gSaA eku yhft;s fd f'(2) = g(2) = 0, f "(2)  0 vkSj g'(2)  0 gSaA ;fn
f ( x )g( x )
lim = 1 gS] rc
x 2 f ' ( x )g' ( x )
(A) x = 2 ij f LFkkuh; fuEure (local minimum) gSA
(B) x = 2 ij f dk LFkkuh; mPpre (local maximum) gSA
(C) f "(2) > f(2)
(D) de ls de ,d x  R ds fy, f(x) – f "(x) = 0 gSA

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 Application of Derivatives

PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

Hkkx - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u
x 2
1. The function f(x) =  has a local minimum at [AIEEE 2006 (3, –1), 120]
2 x
x 2
Qyu f(x) =  dk fuEu ij ,d LFkkuh; fufEu"V gS&
2 x
(1) x = – 2 (2) x = 0 (3) x = 1 (4*) x = 2

2. A value of c for which the conclusion of Mean Value Theorem holds for the function f(x) = log ex on the
interval [1, 3] is [AIEEE 2007(3, –1), 120]
c dk og eku ftlds fy;s fn;s x;s Qyu f(x) = logex ds fy;s [1, 3] esa ek/;eku izes; lR; gksrh gS&
1
(1*) 2 log3e (2) loge 3 (3) log3e (4) loge 3
2

3. The function f(x) = tan–1 (sin x + cos x) is an increasing function in [AIEEE 2007(3, –1), 120]
Qyu f(x) = tan–1 (sin x + cos x) fuEu varjky esa o)Zeku gS&
(1) (/4, /2) (2*) (–/2, /4) (3) (0, /2) (4) (–/2, /2)

4. Suppose the cubic x3 – px + q = 0 has three distinct real roots where p > 0 and q > 0. Then, which one
of the following holds ? [AIEEE 2008(3, –1), 105]
;fn x3 – px + q, tgk¡ p > 0 o q > 0 ds rhu fHkUu okLrfod ewy gks] rks fuEu esa ls dkSulk lR; gS \
p p
(1*) Minima at and maxima at –
3 3
p p
ij fufEUk"V ,oa – ij mfPp"V gksxkA
3 3

p p
(2) Minima at – and maxima at
3 3
p p
– ij fufEu"V ,oa ij mfPp"V gksxkA
3 3

p p
(3) Minima at both and –
3 3
p p
,oa – nksuksa ij fufEu"V gksxk A
3 3

p p
(4) Maxima at both and –
3 3
p p
,oa – nksuksa ij mfPp"V gksxkA
3 3

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 Application of Derivatives

5. Given P(x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d such that x = 0 is the only real root of P(x) = 0. If P(–1) < P(1), then
in the interval [–1, 1] [AIEEE 2009(8, –2), 144]
(1) P (–1) is the minimum and P(1) is the maximum of P
(2*) P (–1) is not minimum but P(1) is the maximum of P
(3) P (–1) is the minimum and P(1) is not the maximum of P
(4) neither P (–1) is the minimum nor P(1) is the maximum of P
P(x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d bl izdkj gS fd P(x) = 0 dk ,d eku okLrfod ewy x = 0 gS] ;fn P(–1) < P(1)
gks] rks varjky [–1, 1] esa&
(1) P (–1) U;wure ,oa P(1) vf/kdre gSA
(2*) P (–1) U;wure ugha gS fdarq P(1) vf/kdre gSA
(3) P (–1) U;wure gS fdarq P(1) vf/kdre ugha gSA
(4) u rks P (–1) U;wure gS u gh P(1) vf/kdre gSA

6. The shortest distance between the line y – x = 1 and the curve x = y2 is [AIEEE 2009(4, –1), 144]
js[kk y – x = 1 rFkk oØ x = y2 ds e/; U;wure nwjh gS&
3 2 2 3 3 2 3
(1*) (2) (3) (4)
8 8 5 4

7. Let f : R  R be defined by [AIEEE 2010(8, –2), 144]

k – 2x , if x  –1
f(x) = 
 2x  3 , if x  –1
If f has a local minimum at x = – 1, then a possible value of k is
k – 2x , if x  –1
ekuk f : R  R bl çdkj ifjHkkf"kr gS fd f(x) = 
2x  3 , if x  –1
;fn Qyu f dk LFkkuh; fuEure x = – 1 ij gS] rks k dk laHkkfor eku gS&
1
(1) 0 (2) – (3*) –1 (4) 1
2

1
8. Let f : R  R be a continuous function defined by f(x) = [AIEEE 2010(8, –2), 144]
e  2e – x
x

1
Statement -1 : f(c) = , for some c  R.
3
1
Statement -2 : 0 < f(x)  , for all x  R.
2 2
(1) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true ; Statement -2 is not a correct explanation for Statement -1.
(2) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
(3) Statement -1 is false, Statement -2 is true.
(4*) Statement -1 is true, Statement -2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
ekuk f : R  R fuEu }kjk ifjHkkf"kr larr Qyu gS
1
f(x) = x .
e  2e – x
1
dFku -1 : fdlh c  R ds fy,] f(c) = .
3
1
dFku -2 : lHkh x  R ds fy, 0 < f(x)  .
2 2
(1) dFku-1 lR; gS] dFku-2 lR; gS ; dFku-2, dFku-1 dh lgh O;k[;k ugha gSA
(2) dFku-1 lR; gS] dFku-2 feF;k gSA
(3) dFku-1 vlR; gS] dFku-2 lR; gSA
(4*) dFku-1 lR; gS] dFku-2 lR; gS ; dFku-2, dFku-1 dh lgh O;k[;k gSA

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 Application of Derivatives

4
9. The equation of the tangent to the curve y = x + , that is parallel to the x-axis, is
x2
4
oØ y = x + dh Li'kZ js[kk] tks x- v{k ds lekUrj gS] dk lehdj.k gS& [AIEEE 2010 (4, –1), 144]
x2
(1) y = 1 (2) y = 2 (3*) y = 3 (4) y = 0

10. Let f be a function defined by - [AIEEE 2011 II(4, –1), 120]

 tan x
 , x 0
f(x) =  x
 1 , x0
Statement - 1 : x = 0 is point of minima of f
Statement - 2 : f '(0) = 0.
(1) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1.
(2*) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is not a correct explanation for statement-1
(3) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(4) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
ekuk Qyu f ifjHkkf"kr gS
 tan x
 , x 0
f(x) =  x }kjk
 1 , x0
dFku - 1 : f dk fuEure fcUnq x = 0 gSA
dFku - 2 : f '(0) = 0.
(1) dFku -1 lR; gS] dFku -2 lR; gSA dFku-2 ] dFku -1 dh lgh O;k[;k gSA
(2) dFku -1 lR; gS] dFku-2 lR; gSA dFku-2, dFku-1 dh lgh O;k[;k ugha gSA
(3) dFku -1 lR; gS] dFku-2 vlR; gSA
(4) dFku -1 vlR; gS] dFku-2 lR; gSA

11. The shortest distance between line y – x = 1 and curve x = y2 is : [AIEEE 2011 (4, –1), 120]
js[kk y – x = 1 rFkk oØ x = y ds chp U;wure nwjh gS %
2

3 3 2 8 4
(1) (2*) (3) (4)
4 8 3 2 3

12. A spherical balloon is filled with 4500 cubic meters of helium gas. If a leak in the balloon causes the gas to
escape at the rate of 72 cubic meters per minute, then the rate (in meters per minute) at which the radius of
the balloon decreases 49 minutes after the leakage began is : [AIEEE 2012(4, –1), 120]
,d xksykdkj xqCckjsa esa 4500 ?ku eh- ghfy;e xSl Hkjh xbZ gSA ;fn xqCckjs esa Nsn ds dkj.k 72 ?ku eh- izfr feuV
dh nj ls xSl fjl jgh gS] rks xSl fjlus ds izkjEHk gksus ds 49 feuV ckn] ftl nj ls xqCckjs dh f=kT;k ?kV jgh gS
(ehVj izfr feuV esa) gS:
9 7 2 9
(1) (2) (3*) (4)
7 9 9 2

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 Application of Derivatives

13. Let a, b  R be such that the function f given by f(x) = n |x| + bx2 + ax, x  0 has extreme values at
x = – 1 and x = 2.
Statement-1 : f has local maximum at x = – 1 and at x = 2. [AIEEE 2012 (4, –1), 120]
1 1
Statement-2 : a = and b = .
2 4
(1) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
(2*) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(3) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(4) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
ekuk a, b  R bl izdkj gSa fd Qyu f tks f(x) = n |x| + bx2 + ax, x  0 }kjk iznÙk gS] ds pje eku x = – 1 rFkk
x = 2 ij gSA
dFku -1 : f dk x = – 1 rFkk x = 2 ij LFkkuh; mfPp"B eku gSA
1 1
dFku -2 : a = rFkk b = gSA
2 4
(1) dFku-1 vlR; gS] dFku-2 lR; gSA
(2*) dFku-1 lR; gS, dFku-2 lR; gS; dFku-2 dFku-1 dh lgh O;k[;k gSA
(3) dFku-1 lR; gS] dFku -2 lR; gS] dFku-2, dFku -1 dh lgh O;k[;k ugha gSA
(4) dFku -1 lR; gS] dFku-2 vlR; gSA

14. The real number k for which the equation, 2x3 + 3x + k = 0 has two distinct real roots in [0, 1]
(1) lies between 1 and 2 (2) lies between 2 and 3 [AIEEE - 2013, (4, –1),120]
(3) lies between –1 and 0 (4*) does not exist.
okLrfod la[;k k, ftlds fy, [0, 1] esa lehdj.k 2x3 + 3x + k = 0 ds nks fHkUu okLrfod ewy gS&
(1) 1 rFkk 2 ds chp esa fLFkr gSA (2) 2 rFkk 3 ds chp esa fLFkr gSA
(3) –1 rFkk 0 ds chp esa fLFkr gSA (4) dk vfLrRo ugha gSA

15. If f and g are differentiable functions in [0, 1] satisfying f(0) = 2 = g(1), g(0) = 0 and f(1) = 6, then for
some c]0, 1[ : [JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
;fn f rFkk g, [0, 1] esa vodyuh; Qyu gSa tks f(0) = 2 = g(1), g(0) = 0 vkSj f(1) = 6 dks larq"V djrs gSa] rks fdlh
c]0, 1[ ds fy, %
(1) f'(c) = g'(c) (2*) f'(c) = 2g'(c) (3) 2f'(c) = g'(c) (4) 2f'(c) = 3g'(c)

16. If x = –1 and x = 2 are extreme points of f(x) = log|x| + x2 + x then :

;fn x = –1 rFkk x = 2, f(x) = log|x| + x2 + x ds pjefcanq gS] rks : [JEE(Main) 2014, (4, –1), 120]
1 1 1 1
(1*)  = 2,  =  (2)  = 2,  = (3)  = –6,  = (4)  = –6,  = –
2 2 2 2

17. A wire of length 2 units is cut into two parts which are bent respectively to form a square of side
= x units and a circle of radius = r units. If the sum of the areas of the square and the circle so formed is
minimum, then [JEE Main 2016]
2 bdkbZ yach ,d rkj dks nks Hkkxksa esa dkV dj mUgsa Øe'k% x bdkbZ Hkqtk okys oxZ rFkk r bdkbZ f=kT;k okys o`Ùk ds
:i esa eksMk tkrk gSA ;fn cuk;s x;s oxZ rFkk o`Ùk ds {ks=kQyksa dk ;ksx U;wure gS] rks
(1) (4 – ) x = r (2*) x = 2r (3) 2x = r (4) 2x = ( + 4) r

 1  sin x    
Consider f(x) = tan–1  ,x
 1– sin x   0, 2  . A normal to y = f(x) at x = 6 also passes through the point :
18.
   
 1  sin x    
f(x) = tan–1 
 1– sin x  , x   0,  ij fopkj dhft,A y = f(x) ds fcUnq x = ij [khapk x;k vfHkyEc fuEu
   2 6
fcUnq ls Hkh gksdj tkrk gS& [JEE Main 2016]
 2     
(1*)  0,  (2)  , 0  (3)  , 0  (4) (0, 0)
 3  6  4 

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 Application of Derivatives

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
fo"k;kRed iz'u ¼SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS½

1. A particle moving on a curve has the position at time t given by x = f'(t) sin t + f''(t) cos t, y = f'(t) cos t -
f''(t) sin t, where f is a thrice differentiable function. Then prove that the velocity of the particle at time t is
f'(t) + f'''(t).
fdlh {k.k t ij ,d xfr'khy d.k dh fLFkfr x = f'(t) sin t + f''(t) cos t, y = f'(t) cos t - f''(t) sin t }kjk nh tkrh gS
tcfd f rhu ckj vodyuh; gS] rks fl) dhft, dh d.k dk le; t ij osx f'(t) + f'''(t) gSA

2. Find the interval in which f(x) = x 4ax  x 2 (a < 0) is decreasing

og vUrjky Kkr dhft, ftlesa f(x) = x, 4ax  x2 (a < 0) Ðkleku gS&
Ans. [4a, 3a]

3. f : [0, 4]  R is a differentiable function. Then prove that for some a, b  (0, 4) , f2(4) – f2(0) = 8f(a) . f(b)
f : [0, 4]  R ,d vodyuh; Qyu gS rks fl) dhft, fd dqN a, b  (0, 4) ds fy;s f2(4) – f2(0) = 8f(a) . f(b) gSA

a 2
4. If all the extreme value of function f(x) = a2x3 –
x – 2x – b are positive and the minimum is at the
2
1 11 1
point x0 = then show that when a = –2  b < and when a = 3  b < –
3 27 2
a 1
;fn Qyu f(x) = a2x3 – x2 – 2x – b ds lHkh pje eku /kukRed gS rFkk U;wure eku fcUnq x0 = rc fl)
2 3
11 1
dhft, fd tc a = –2  b < vkSj tc a = 3  b < –
27 2

 3 | x  k | , x  k

5. If f(x) =  2 sin (x  k) has minimum at x = k , then show that |a| > 2
a 2 , x  k
 x k
 3 | x  k | , x  k
;fn f(x) =  2 sin (x  k) dk U;wure eku x = k ij gks] rc fl) dhft, fd |a| > 2
 a 2 , x  k
 x k

6. The equation x3 – 3x + [a] = 0, where [.] denotes the greatest integer function, will have three real and
distinct roots then find the set of all posible values of a.
;fn lehdj.k x3 – 3x + [a] = 0, tgk¡ [.] egÙke iw.kk±d Qyu dks iznf'kZr djrk gS] ds rhu okLrfod ,oa fHkUu ewy
gS rc a ds laEiw.kZ ekuksa dk leqPp; Kkr dhft,A
Ans. a  [–1, 2)

{x} {x}
7. Let f(x) = sin + cos where a > 0 and { . } denotes the fractional part function. Then find the set
a a
of values of 'a' for which f can attain its maximum values.
{x} {x}
;fn f(x) = sin + cos tgk¡ a > 0 ,oa {.} fHkUukRed Hkkx Qyu dks iznf'kZr djrk gS] rc f dk eku
a a
vf/kdre gksus ds fy;s 'a' ds ekuksa dk leqPp; Kkr dhft,
 4
Ans.  0,  
 

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 Application of Derivatives

8. Find the values of the parameter ‘k’ for which the equation x 4 + 4x3 – 8x2 + k = 0 has all roots real.
izkpy k ds eku Kkr dhft, ftlds fy, lehdj.k x4 + 4x3 – 8x2 + k = 0 ds lHkh ewy okLrfod gS&
Ans. k  [0,3]

Comprehension (Q. No. 9 to 11)

A function f(x) having the following properties;

(i) f(x) is continuous except at x = 3
(ii) f(x) is differentiable except at x = – 2 and x = 3
(iii) f(0) = 0, lim f(x)  – , lim f(x) = 3, lim f(x) = 0
x 3 x   x 

(iv) f (x) > 0  x  (–, – 2)  (3, ) and f (x)  0  x  (– 2, 3)

(v) f (x) > 0  x  (– , – 2)  (– 2, 0) and f (x)  0  x  (0, 3)  (3, )
then answer the following questions
vuqPNsn (iz'u la[;k 9 ls 11)
,d Qyu f(x) ftlds xq.k/keZ fuEufyf[kr gS&
(i) x = 3 dks NksM+dj f(x) lrr~ gSA
(ii) x = – 2 vkSj x = 3 dks NksM+dj f(x) vodyuh; gSA
(iii) f(0) = 0, lim f(x)  – , lim f(x) = 3, lim f(x) = 0
x 3 x   x 

(iv) f (x) > 0  x  (–, – 2)  (3, ) ,oa f (x)  0  x  (– 2, 3)

(v) f (x) > 0  x  (– , – 2)  (– 2, 0) ,oa f (x)  0  x  (0, 3)  (3, )
rks fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft, &

9. Find the Maximum possible number of solutions of f(x) = | x |

9. f(x) = | x | ds vf/kdre laHkkfor gyksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 3

10. Show that graph of function y = f (– | x |) is continuous but not differentiable at two points, if f (0) = 0

10. n'kkZb;s Qyu y = f (– | x |) dk vkys[k nks fcUnqvksa ij lrr ysfdu vodyuh; ugha gSa ;fn f(0) = 0

11. Show that f(x) + 3x = 0 has five solutions if f (0) > – 3 and f(– 2) > 6
11. n'kkZb;s fd f(x) + 3x = 0 ds ik¡p gy gS ;fn &f (0) > – 3 rFkk f(– 2) > 6

12. Let F(x) = (f(x))2 + (f(x))2, F(0) = 7, where f(x) is thrice differentiable function such that
|f(x)|  1  x  [–1, 1], then prove the followings.
(i) there is atleast one point in each of the intervals (–1, 0) and (0, 1) where |f(x)|  2
(ii) there is atleast one point in each of the intervals (–1, 0) and (0, 1) where F(x)  5
(iii) there exits atleast one maxima of F(x) in (–1, 1)
(iv) for some c  (–1, 1), F(c)  7, F(c) = 0 and F(c)  0
ekuk F(x) = (f(x)) 2 + (f(x)) 2 , F(0) = 7, tgk¡ f(x) rhu ckj vodyuh; Qyu bl iz d kj gS fd f(x)|
 1 
x  [–1, 1], rc fuEu dks fl) dhft,A
(i) vUrjky (–1, 0) vkS j (0, 1) es a de ls de ,d fcUnq bl iz d kj gS fd tgk¡ |f(x)|  2
(ii) vUrjky (–1, 0) vkS j (0, 1) es a de ls de ,d fcUnq bl iz d kj gS fd tgk¡ F(x)  5
(iii) vUrjky (–1,1) es a f(x) dks de ls de ,d vf/kd gS A
(iv) fdlh c  (–1, 1) ds fy, F(c)  7, F(c) = 0 vkS j F(c)  0

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 Application of Derivatives

13. A figure is bounded by the curves, y = x 2 + 1, y = 0, x = 0 and x = 1. At what point (a, b), a tangent
should be drawn to the curve y = x2 + 1 for it to cut off a trapezium of the greatest area from the figure.
oØ y = x2 + 1 ds fdl fcUnq (a,b) ij Li'kZ js[kk [khph tk, rkfd ;g oØksa y = x2 + 1, y = 0, x = 0 ,oa x = 1 ls
ifjc) vkd`fr dks bl izdkj dkVs gS fd vf/kdre {ks=kQy okyk ,d leyEc prqHkZqt izkIr gksA
1 5
Ans. 2 , 4
 

ax  b
14. If y = has a turning value at (2, 1) find a and b, show that the turning value is a
(x  1) (x  4)
maximum.
ax  b
;fn y = fcUnq (2, 1) ij ,d pje eku j[krk gks] rks a ,oa b ds eku Kkr dhft, rFkk ;g Hkh
(x  1) (x  4)
iznf'kZr dhft, fd ;g pje eku mfPp"V gSA
Ans. a = 1, b = 0

15. With the usual meaning for a, b, c and s, if  be the area of a triangle, prove that the error in 
resulting from a small error in the measurement of c, is given by
  1 1 1 1 
d       dc
4 s sa s b sc

fl) dhft, fd c ds ekiu esa gksus okyh lw{e =kqfV ds ifj.kke Lo:i  ds ekiu esa gksus okyh =kqfV fuEu çdkj nh
 1 1 1 1 
tkrh gS& d       dc tcfd a, b, c ,oa s dk vFkZ lkekU;
4 s sa s b sc
ladsru ds vuqlkj gS vkSj  , f=kHkqt dk {ks=kQy gSA

16. Find the possible values of 'a' such that the inequality 3 – x2 > |x – a| has atleast one negative solution
'a' ds mu lHkh lEHkkfor ekuksa dks Kkr dhft, ftuds fy;s vlfedk 3 – x2 > |x – a| dk de ls de ,d gy
_.kkRed gksA
 13 
Ans. a    , 3
 4 

17. If (m – 1) a12 – 2m a2 < 0, then prove that xm + a1 xm – 1 + a2 xm – 2 + ..... + am–1 x + a0 = 0 has at least one
non real root (a1, a2, ....., am  R)
;fn (m – 1) a12 – 2m a2 < 0 gks] rks fl) dhft, fd xm + a1 xm – 1 + a2 xm – 2 + ..... + am – 1x + a0 = 0,
(a1, a2, ....., am  R) de ls de ,d vokLrfod ewy j[krh gSA

18. If f '(x) > 0, f''(x) > 0  x  (0, 1) and f(0) = 0, f(1) = 1, then prove that f(x) f–1 (x) < x2  x  (0, 1)
;fn f '(x) > 0, f''(x) > 0  x  (0, 1) rFkk f(0) = 0, f(1) = 1 gks] rks fl) dhft, fd f(x) f–1 (x) < x2  x  (0, 1)

 x2   27 
19. Find the interval of increasing and decreasing for the function g(x) = 2f   + f   x 2  , where
 2   2 
f "(x) < 0 for all x  R.
 x2 
Qyu g(x) = 2f   + f   x 2  ds fy, o)Zeku rFkk Ðkleku vUrjky Kkr dhft, tgk¡ f "(x) < 0 lHkh
27
 2   2 
x  R.
Ans. g(x) is increasing if x  (–, 3]  [0, 3]
g(x) is decreasing if x  [–3, 0] [3, )
g(x) o)Zeku gS ;fn x  (–, 3]  [0, 3]
g(x) Ðkleku gS ;fn x  [–3, 0] [3, )

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 Application of Derivatives

20. Using calculus prove that H.M  G.M.  A.M for positive real numbers.
vodyt dk iz;ksx djds fl) dhft, fd /kukRed okLrfod la[;kvksa ds fy, H.M  G.M.  A.M .

21. Prove the following inequalities

(i) 1 + x2 > (x sinx + cosx) for x  [0, ).
 
(ii) sin x – sin 2x  2x for all x  0,
 3 
x2
(iii) + 2x + 3  (3 – x)ex for all x  0
2
sin2 x 1 
(iv) 0 < x sinx – < ( – 1) for 0 < x <
2 2 2
fuEu vlfedkvksa dks fl) dhft,&
(i) x  (0, ) ds fy, 1 + x2 > (x sinx + cosx)

(ii) lHkh x  0,  ds fy, sin x – sin 2x  2x
 3
x2
(iii) lHkh x  0 ds fy,+ 2x + 3  (3 – x)ex
2
 sin2 x 1
(iv) 0<x< ds fy, 0 < x sinx – < ( – 1)
2 2 2

 21  4b  b2  3
22. Find the interval to which b may belong so that the function f(x) =  1   x + 5x + 6 is
 b 1 
 
increasing at every point of its domain.
 21  4b  b2  3
b dk vUrjky Kkr dhft, rkfd Qyu f(x) =  1   x + 5x + 6 blds izkUr ds izR;sd fcUnq ij
 b 1 
 
o)Zeku gSA
Ans. [– 7, – 1)  [2, 3]

x2 1 d2 y
23. If 0 < x < 1 prove that y = x n x – + is a function such that > 0. Deduce that
2 2 dx 2
x2 1
x n x > – .
2 2
x2 1 d2 y
;fn 0 < x < 1 fl) dhft, fd y = xn x – + ,d Qyu gS ftlds fy, 2 > 0 rFkk fuxeu dhft, fd
2 2 dx
x2 1
x n x > – .
2 2

24. Find positive real numbers ‘a’ and ‘b’ such that f(x) = ax – bx3 has four extrema on [–1 , 1] at each of
which | f(x) | = 1
/kukRed okLrfod la[;k,a a rFkk b Kkr dhft, ftuds fy, f(x) = ax – bx3 vUrjky [–1 , 1] esa pkj pje eku
j[krk gS rFkk izR;sd ds fy, | f(x) | = 1 gSA
Ans. a=3 , b=4

sin A sinB sin C

25. For any acute angled ABC , find the maximum value of + +
A B C
sin A sinB sinC
fdlh U;wudks.k f=kHkqt ABC ds fy, + + dk vf/kdre eku Kkr dhft,A
A B C
9 3
Ans.
2
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 Application of Derivatives

26. Suppose p,q,r,s are fixed real numbers such that a quadrilateral can be formed with sides p,q,r,s in
clockwise order. Prove that the vertices of the quadrilateral of maximum area lie on a circle .
ekuk p,q,r,s fu;r okLrfod la[;k,a bl izdkj gS fd ,d prqHkqZt] Hkqtkvksa p,q,r,s dks nf{k.kkoÙkZ fn'kk esa ysdj
cuk;k tk ldrk gSA fl) dhft, fd mPpre {ks=kQy ds prqHkqZt ds 'kh"kZ ,d o`Ùk ij fLFkr gSA

5a2 3
27. For what real values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ all the extrema of the function f(x) = x + 2ax2 – 9x + b
3
5
are positive and the maximum is at the point x0 =
9
5a2 3
a rFkk b ds fdu okLrfod ekuks ds fy, Qyu f(x) = x + 2ax2 – 9x + b ds lHkh pje eku /kukRed gS rFkk
3
5
mfPp"V fcUnq x0 = ij gSA
9
9 36 81 400
Ans. If a = , then b > ; If a = then b >
5 5 25 243
9 36 81 400
;fn a = gks] rks b > ; ;fn a = gks] rks b >
5 5 25 243

28. Find the minimum value of f(x) = 8x + 8– x – 4(4x + 4– x), x  R

f(x) = 8x + 8– x – 4(4x + 4– x), x  R dk fuEure eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. – 10

29. Using calculus , prove that log23 > log35 > log47.
dyu dk iz;ksx djrs gq, fl) dhft, fd log23 > log35 > log47.

30. Show that the volume of the greatest cylinder which can be inscribed in a cone of height ' h ' and semi 
4
vertical angle  is  h3 tan2 .
27
iznf'kZr dhft, fd h Å¡pkbZ rFkk  v)Z'kh"kZ dks.k okys ,d 'kadq ds vUrxZr cuk;s tk ldus okys lcls cM+s csyu
4
(inscribed cylinder) dk vk;ru  h3 tan2  gSA
27

31. Find the cosine of the angle at the vertex of an isosceles triangle having the greatest area for the given
constant length  of the median drawn to its lateral side .
ml lef}ckgq f=kHkqt ds 'kh"kZ ij cus dks.k dh dksT;k (cosine) Kkr djks ftldk {ks=kQy nh xbZ  yEckbZ okyh
ekf/;dk ds fy;s vf/kdre gks tcfd ekf/;dk bldh ik'oZ Hkqtk (lateral side) ij [khaph xbZ gSaA
Ans. cos A = 0.8

32. A tangent to the curve y = 1  x2 is drawn so that the abscissa x0 of the point of tangency belongs to the
interval (0, 1]. The tangent at x0 meets the xaxis and yaxis at A & B respectively. Then find the
minimum area of the triangle OAB, where O is the origin
oØ y = 1  x2 ij [khaph xbZ fdlh Li'kZ js[kk ds Li'kZ fcUnq dk Hkqt x0 bl izdkj gS fd x0 (0, 1]. ;g Li'kZ js[kk x ,oa
y v{kksa dks Øe'k% fcUnq A ,oa B ij feyrh gSA ;fn O ewy fcUnq gks] rks f=kHkqt OAB dk U;wure {ks=kQy Kkr dhft,A
4 3
Ans.
9

33. A cone is made from a circular sheet of radius 3 by cutting out a sector and keeping the cut edges of
the remaining piece together. Then find the maximum volume attainable for the cone
3 bdkbZ f=kT;k dh o`Ùkkdkj 'khV ls ,d Hkkx (f=kT;[k.M) dkVdj vkSj 'ks"k Hkkx ds dVs gq, fdukjksa dks lkFk
j[kdj ,d 'kadq cuk;k tkrk gSA 'kadq dk vf/kdre laHko vk;ru Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 2/3
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 Application of Derivatives

    a  
34. Suppose velocity of waves of wave length  in the Atlantic ocean is k       , where k and a
 a     
are constants. Show that minimum velocity attained by the waves is independent of the constant a.
  a 
ekuk vVykafVd egklkxj esa  rjaxnS/;Z okyh rjaxks dk osx k       gS, tgk¡ k rFkk a vpj gSA iznf'kZr
 a     
dhft, fd rjaxks dk U;wure osx vpj a ls Lora=k gSA

35. Find the minimum distance of origin from the curve ax2 + 2bxy + ay2 = c where a > b > c > 0
ewy fcUnq dh oØ ax2 + 2bxy + ay2 = c tgk¡ a > b > c > 0 ls U;wure nwjh Kkr dhft,A
c
Ans.
ab

36. Prove that ex + 1  e2x  (1 + x) + 2  2x  x 2  x  R

fl) dhft, fd lHkh x  R ds fy, ex + 1  e2x  (1 + x) + 2  2x  x2 .

tan1 x
37. Find which of the two is larger n (1 + x) or .
1 x
tan1 x
n (1 + x) ,oa esa ls dkSu cM+k gSa \
1 x
Ans. n (1 + x)

 
38. Let f (sinx) < 0 and f (sin x) > 0,  x   0,  and g(x) = f(sin x) + f(cos x), then find the intervals of
 2
monotonicity of g(x).

ekukfd lHkh x   0,  ds fy, f (sinx) < 0 ,oa f (sin x) > 0 gSa rFkk g(x) = f(sin x) + f(cos x) gS] rks og
 2
vUrjky Kkr dhft, ftlesa g(x) ,dfn"V gSA
   
Ans. Increasing when x   ,  , decreasing when x   0,  .
 4 2   4
  
o)Zeku tc x   ,  , Ðkleku tc x   0,  .
4 2  4

39. If f(x) = (2013)x2012 – (2012)x2011 – 2014x + 1007, then show that for x  [0, 10071/2011], f(x) = 0 has at
least one real root.
;fn f(x) = (2013)x2012 – (2012)x2011 – 2014x + 1007 gS rc n'kkZb;s fd x  [0, 10071/2011] ds fy, f(x) = 0 dk
de ls de ,d okLrfod ewy gSA

f(x) f(x)
40. A function f is differentiable in the interval 0  x  5 such that f(0) = 4 & f(5) = – 1. If g(x) = ,
x 1 x 1
5
then prove that there exists some c  (0, 5) such that g(c) = – .
6
f(x) f(x)
,d Qyu f vUrjky 0  x  5 esa vodyuh; gS rkfd f(0) = 4 ,oa f(5) = – 1. ;fn g(x) = gks] rks fl)
x 1 x 1
5
dhft, fd dksbZ c  (0, 5) bl izdkj fo|eku gS fd g(c) = – .
6

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 Application of Derivatives

41. Let f(x) and g(x) be differentiable functions having no common zeros so that f(x) g(x)  f(x) g(x). Prove
that between any two zeros of f(x), there exist atleast one zero of g(x).
ekuk f(x) vkSj g(x) vodyuh; Qyu gS ftudk dksbZ mHk;fu"V ewy ugha gS rkfd f(x) g(x)  f(x) g(x) gksA fl)
dhft, fd f(x) ds fdUgha nks gyksa ds e/; g(x) dk de ls de ,d 'kwU; (zero) fo|eku gSA

f(a) f(b)
42. f is continuous in [a, b] and differentiable in (a, b) (where a > 0 ) such that = . Prove that there
a b
f(x 0 )
exist x0  (a, b) such that f(x0) = .
x0
f(a) f(b)
;fn f vUrjky [a, b] esa larr~ rFkk (a, b), (tgk¡ a > 0 ) esa vodyuh; gS rkfd = gksA fl) dhft,
a b
f(x 0 )
x0  (a, b) bl izdkj fo|eku gS fd f(x0) = .
x0

43. If (x) is a differentiable function x  R and a  R+ such that (0) = (2a), (a) = (3a) and (0)  (a)
then show that there is at least one root of equation (x + a) = (x) in (0, 2a)
;fn lHkh x  R rFkk a  R+ ds fy, (x) vodyuh; Qyu bl çdkj gS fd (0) = (2a), (a) = (3a) ,oa
(0)  (a) gks] rks çnf'kZr dhft, fd lehdj.k (x + a) = (x) dk de ls de ,d ewy (0, 2a) esa gSA

44. Find the set of values of the parameter 'a' for which the function ;
f(x) = 8ax – a sin 6x – 7x – sin 5x increases & has no critical points for all x  R, is
izkpy a ds ekuksa dk leqPp; ftlds fy;s Qyu f(x) = 8ax – a sin 6x – 7x – sin 5x o)Zeku gS vkSj lHkh x  R ds
fy, dksbZ Økafrd fcUnq ugha gSA
Ans. a  (6, )

45. Let h be a twice differentiable positive function on an open interval J. Let

g(x) = n (h(x))  x  J
Suppose (h'(x))2 > h''(x) h(x) for each x  J. Then prove that g is concave downward on J.
ekuk h foo`Ùk vUrjky J ij nksckj vodyuh; /kukRed Qyu gSA ekuk g(x) = n (h(x))  x  J rFkk
(h'(x))2 > h''(x) h(x) izR;ssd x  J ds fy, rc fl) dhft, J ij g uhps dh vksj vory gSA

a x3
46. If the complete set of value(s) of 'a' for which the function f (x) = + (a + 2) x2 + (a  1) x + 2
3
possess a negative point of inflection is (, )  (, ), then || + || is :
a x3
;fn 'a' ds lHkh ekuksa dk leqPp; ftlds fy, Qyu f (x) = + (a + 2) x2 + (a  1) x + 2 ,d _.kkRed ufr
3
ifjorZu fcUnq j[krk gS] (, )  (, ), rc || + || dk eku gS&
Ans. 2

5
47. If two curves y = 2sin x and y = x2 – 3x + 2 + 1 touch each other at some point then the value
6
3  18 
is  0  x 
5 
of
5 

5 3
;fn nks oØ y = 2sin x rFkk y = x2 – 3x + 2 + 1 ijLij dqN fcUnqvksa ij Li'kZ djrs gS rc dk
6 5

eku gS  0  x  
18
 5 

Ans. 1/2
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Website: www.resonance.ac.in | E-mail : [email protected]
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