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ABSTRACT
Conventional traffic light control systems in Sri Lanka are based only on the time intervals of the traffic lights. There are limits and inefficiencies in traditional traffic light control systems, which is consistent with this system's lack of flexibility in amendment and adaption on a real- time basis. As a result, additional and useless waiting time on roadways and increased fuel consumption are caused by the constant time periods of inexperienced and red signs. This eventually releases toxins into the environment and poses a number of health risks to the people traveling the roads and those living nearby. As a result, these traffic signal management systems do not provide any information about traffic density on different roadways, which causes traffic jams. In order to make site visitors more comfortable while driving and to improve the environment, we are utilizing the newest technology known as Adaptive Traffic Light Control System (ATLCS). An array of sensors in the community is used by the proposed system to track vehicular traffic. Red and green light timing periods at each intersection of roads are intelligently planned to keep the waiting time to a minimum, based on the traffic classification. As a result, improving traffic mild switching will improve road capacity, reduce travel time, and prevent traffic jams. A unique provision for emergency motors is also included in the system's design. Using a GSM phone interface, drivers can get real-time traffic data, as well as help with traffic flow management and alternative route selections. In addition to reducing pollution, well-managed traffic lowers congestion. The proposed system's performance is compared to that of a standard traffic light controller. Sensor meeting, time stored in line with the cycle, signal switching frequency, green emergency mode operation, and pleasant SMS operation via GSM cell are only a few of the many performance evaluation characteristics. An on-board display and simulation results demonstrate the system's efficacy, which is documented in this publication as well. PTV Vissim, a commercially available traffic modeling and simulation software package, was used to model and simulate the Katubedda Junction traffic network based on data gathered from a study and a traffic congestion restriction set at the junction's entrance. There are several different ways to precisely measure travel times, delays, and waiting lengths using microsimulation. LIST OF ABBREVIATION
Abbreviation Description 1. ITS Intelligent Transportation 2. STSC Smart Traffic signal control 3. GPIO General-Purpose Input/Output 4. RSU Roadside Unit 5. EVSP Emergency Vehicle Signal Preemption 6. OBU On-board Unit 7. EV Emergency Vehicle 8. TSP Transport Signal Priority 9. ATSC Adaptive Traffic Signal Control System
01.1 INTRODUCTION
The adaptive traffic control system adapts to real-time traffic patterns to optimize traffic flow by dynamically changing green split times. The gradual movement of vehicles through green lights significantly improves the travel time and reduces congestion by creating a smooth flow. Traffic Management System can be done in a variety of ways as below, Sri Lanka recently debuted a new highway traffic management system (HTMS) on the country's Southern Expressway, which was developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI). The installation is the country's first full-scale system of its kind, and it's intended to improve safety and reduce congestion on a local expressway dramatically. The highway, which inaugurated in 2013, runs 120 kilometers from Colombo, Sri Lanka's capital, to Matara, the country's second-largest city. The work was done with the assistance of a grant from the Japanese government (Japan International Cooperation Agency [JICA]). From engineering, procurement, and installation to adjustment and operator training, MHI managed every part of the project. The system consists of 30 full-color traffic information signboards, around 40 vehicle detection cameras, weather sensors, and other components.
02. LITERETURE REVIEW
The mobility of people and goods, as well as the increasing demand for motor cars and correspondent travel, has increased in tandem with economic and social progress. Frequent traffic congestion on metropolitan road networks have a negative impact on both the economy and the environment, and they are becoming increasingly common. It is necessary to use traffic management and control measures in a more effective and efficient manner due to the small area of the capital and the level of construction of transportation infrastructure due to socio-economic factors, improving the efficiency of existing transport routes and meeting traffic demands. An extensive survey of urban overcrowding is conducted in large cities, and the results are published. In order to control traffic flow, improve traffic flow, and even cut emissions, one of the most essential technical solutions is to implement traffic management. There have not always been advancements in information technology, computer technology, and systems science to coincide with the development of the field. The automation control system has the ability to make real-time adjustments to the parameters of the synchronization signal. Supervisory objectives (as part of GMO links) abroad, as well as traffic characteristics at crossings, according to the director are important. Personal switching, as opposed to time management and controlled control systems, may make full use of the full capability of the entire communication network while simultaneously improving the efficiency of the road traffic network. Recent advancements in LED traffic management technologies are aimed at simplifying control procedures in a straightforward traffic management system (STM) (Chow, 2002). Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in capital traffic, measured in terms of the number of roads built and the creation of accompanying artificial systems. Intelligent tractors and self-propelled vehicles are bringing about a new type of road environment that is fundamentally different from the one that exists today. Personal capabilities, access to information and attitudes, as well as responsiveness to performance and behavior, are all drastically different from those found in conventional vehicles. Telecommunications traffic control signals, which can benefit from sufficient traffic information, are not real-time systems, and the theories, methods and techniques that underpin them go beyond the promotion of basic techniques (Bwaterson, A. Hamilton, T.Cherrett, A. Robertson, and I. Snell, 2013). As a result, scientists created and assessed self- regulatory experiments on personal feedback to coordinate data-rich environments (Zhang et al., 2011), which were then published. Furthermore, the constant improvement of the theory and technology of mind control technology, traffic management principles involving the conversion of performance data in the new era of information technology. Figure 1 depicts the physical environment. There is optimism among researchers that the control system will be based on model identification rather than the existing model mechanism.(Lin, Kong and Huang, 2016) Furthermore, they anticipate that the system will rely on real-time data monitoring rather than forecasting data flow (Gettman et al., 2007), and that the control system will be able to automatically alter the management strategy rather than requiring user intervention (Csikós, Tettamanti and Varga, 2014. A total of more than a dozen independent logos have been developed by transport research groups and enterprises around the world, according to the NCHRP (National Cooperative Highway Research Program), although only less than half of the systems have been implemented (Dobrota, Stevanovic and Mitrovic, 2020) . Gartner et al. advised updating the city's management system during the development period of 1995(Gartner and Stamatiadis, 1998) , based on the capabilities of the environmental improvement system and decision- making platform].This recommendation is depicted in Figure 1. Zhang, J., Wang, F.-Y., Wang, K., Lin, W.-H., Xu, X. and Chen, C. (2011). Data- Driven Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Survey. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 12(4), pp.1624–1639.
Lin, S., Kong, Q.-J. and Huang, Q. (2016). A model-based demand-balancing
control for dynamically divided multiple urban subnetworks. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 50(6), pp.1046–1060.
Gettman, D., Shelby, S.G., Head, L., Bullock, D.M. and Soyke, N. (2007). Data- Driven Algorithms for Real-Time Adaptive Tuning of Offsets in Coordinated Traffic Signal Systems. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2035(1), pp.1–9.
Csikós, A., Tettamanti, T. and Varga, I. (2014). Nonlinear gating control for urban road traffic network using the network fundamental diagram. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 49(5), pp.597–615.
Dobrota,N., Stevanovic, A. and Mitrovic, N. (2020). Development of Assessment
Tool and Overview of Adaptive Traffic Control Deployments in the U.S. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2674(12), pp.464–480.
