Sir Christian believes in _______________________

Please write your complete name here.

Grade & Section: ____________________________

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

SCIENCE 8
ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE | OLALA 2.0
FOURTH QUARTER | MODULE 1 OF 1

“MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS”

Teacher Christian Jade G. Quijano

Subject Teacher

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE | OLALA 2.0 | SCIENCE 8

 INTRODUCTORY MESSAGE
Now, more than ever, the academic community faces new challenges brought about by the health
crisis. With this recognition, the Department of Education (DepEd), through its Basic Education Learning
Continuity Plan (BE-LCP) identified different learning delivery modalities to ensure learning even without face-
to-face instruction in the classroom. One such modality is the Modular Distance Learning (MDL), where self-
learning modules or SLMs are to be used as primary learning resources.

Valuing this need and to fortify opportunities, Pres. Quirino Treasured Child School, Inc. gives life to
Enhanced Learning Module (ELM) OLALA Version 2.0. This is our response to the call for quality
instructional resources in varying learning delivery modalities. It features to the non-negotiable attributes of
self-learning modules, namely interactive, self-implementing, self-instructional, and compact. Our ELMs
OLALA Version 2.0 are also complaint to the learning timeframe recommended in the DepEd Order No. 1, s.
2021.

Moreover, the ELMs OLALA Version 2.0 are developed based on the K to 12 curriculum guides (2016).
They are also enhanced with resources in digital forms and additional contents that further engage, support,
and challenge the learners. The learning examples and opportunities within the ELMs OLALA Version 2.0
address the six facets of the Filipino whole learner: healthy, safe, engaged, supported, challenged and value-
oriented.

After completing the discussions, activities, and exercises in the ELMs OLALA Version 2.0, it is hoped
that the learners become more creative and critical thinkers, life and career-ready, healthy and holistically
developed. An integral part of our aspiration is that they become lifelong learners while the PQTCS stays true
to its mission in creating quality learning solutions.

The elements of the ELMs OLALA Version 2.0 are consistent with those stated in the DepEd Self-
Learning Modules Framework. These are as follows:

1. Overview – This section provides a glimpse or brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
2. Learning Objectives – This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module.
3. Activating Prior Knowledge – This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the
lesson to take.
4. Lesson – This includes the discussion or presentation of the concept or lesson being introduced.
5. Assessment – This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning objectives.

For the learner, the following are some reminders in using this ELM:

1. Use the module with care.

2. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
3. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks.
4. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this ELM, do not hesitate to consult your
teacher. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this ELM, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding
of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE | OLALA 2.0 | SCIENCE 8

 OVERVIEW
Hello my dear students, today we are going to learn about cell division.

Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides and gives rise to two or more daughter
cells. It is a means of reproduction for single-cell organisms. In multicellular organisms, cell division
contributes to the growth, development, repair, and generation of reproductive cells (sperms and eggs).

Are you ready? Answer or put a checkmark on the questions below and find out.

_____ Are you comfortable in your seat?

_____ Are you in a well-lit area?

_____ Are your notebook and pen beside you?

Let’s start and learn new skills!

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of the module, I can…

1. describe the stages of cell division – mitosis and meiosis;
2. compare the two types of cell division – mitosis from meiosis; and
3. appreciate the role of cell division in the growth and reproduction of an organism.

ACTIVATING PRIOR KNOWLEDGE

Independent Activity 1. Written Work.

Draw and label the parts of the animal cell. Identify the parts from the words present in the box.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Now that you’ve answered the activity, answer the following questions:
J Is the activity difficult or not?
J How did you come up with your answers?

Well, how was it? Do you think you hit the right answers? If you fared well, very good! It means that you have
known much about the topic. But don’t be too confident enough, you might learn new things from this module.
Are you ready? Let’s begin.

LESSON 1: MATTER
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE | OLALA 2.0 | SCIENCE 8
 LESSON

THE CHROMOSOME

All living things contain what we call the genetic material that serves as the set of instructions that direct
the activities and functions of the cells. These genetic materials, also known as the deoxyribonucleic acid or
DNA, are passed on from one generation to the next to ensure the continuity of life. In eukaryotic cells (cells
with organelles), the DNA are bound with proteins (histones) and are organized as beads on strings to form
chromosomes. The number of chromosomes in a cell is characteristic of the species to which it belongs. For
example, humans have 46 chromosomes while rice have 12.

THE CELL CYCLE

The chromosomes of a cell change form as the cell transitions from one stage to another in a typical
cell cycle. The cell cycle may be divided into two stages: the interphase where the chromosomes are long and
extended and are also referred to as chromatin, and the cell division phase where the chromosomes become
condensed or thickened.

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE | OLALA 2.0 | SCIENCE 8

 The interphase refers to the period that follows one cell division and precedes another. This stage is
divided into three substages. The first gap period or G1, during which time the cell grows initially. The middle
stage is called the synthesis stage or S1 is the period of DNA synthesis or replication where chromosomes are
duplicated. The second gap period or G2 represents a period of rapid cell growth to prepare for cell division.

Cell Division

Alternating with the interphase is the cell division phase. In eukaryotic cells, there are two types of cell division:
mitosis and meiosis.

1. Mitosis

This type of cell division occur in somatic or body cells which produces two identical cells with the same
number of chromosomes. Mitosis is divided into four stages as shown in the diagram below:

Prophase
The first and longest phase of mitosis is prophase. During prophase, chromatin condenses into chromosomes
or double stranded sister chromatids, and the nuclear envelope, or membrane, breaks down. In animal cells,
the centrioles near the nucleus begin to separate and move to opposite poles (sides) of the cell. As the
centrioles move, a spindle starts to form between them.

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE | OLALA 2.0 | SCIENCE 8

 Metaphase
During metaphase, spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each pair of sister chromatids. The sister
chromatids line up at the equator, or center, of the cell. This is also known as the metaphase plate. The spindle
fibers ensure that sister chromatids will separate and go to different daughter cells when the cell divides.

Anaphase
During anaphase, sister chromatids separate and the centromeres divide. The sister chromatids are pulled
apart by the shortening of the spindle fibers. This is like reeling in a fish by shortening the fishing line. One
sister chromatid moves to one pole of the cell, and the other sister chromatid moves to the opposite pole. At
the end of anaphase, each pole of the cell has a complete set of chromosomes.

Telophase
During telophase, the chromosomes begin to uncoil and form chromatin. This prepares the genetic material for
directing the metabolic activities of the new cells. The spindle also breaks down, and new nuclear membranes
(nuclear envelope) form eventually dividing the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells in the process called
cytokinesis.

2. Meiosis

Meiosis is a special type of cell division where a sex cell (egg cell or sperm cell) or gamete undergoes
two rounds of cell division to produce four daughter cells (meiosis I and meiosis II), each with half the
chromosome number as the original parent cell with a unique set of genetic materials as a result of exchange
of chromosome segments.
Meiosis is consist of four stages.:

Prophase I
The chromosomes in this phase begin to pair off as homologous or exact pair. The chromosome contract due
to repeated coiling. Crossing-over takes place during this stage when a segment of a sister chromatid of one
chromosome is exchanged with the same segment of the sister chromatid of the homologous chromosome
through the formation of a cross-linkage of segments during the process of crossing over as shown in the
diagram below.

After crossing-over, the sister chromatids of each chromosome may no longer be identical with each other
based on the genetic material they contain.

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE | OLALA 2.0 | SCIENCE 8

 Metaphase I
The paired chromosomes arranged themselves in the equatorial plate.

Anaphase I
Spindle fibers form and attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes. The homologous chromosomes
separate from each other completely and start their movement towards the poles of the cells as they are pulled
by the spindle fibers. As the centromere of each chromosome does not divide, the sister chromatids remain
together.

Telophase I
This is the stage when the chromosomes reach their respective poles. Cytokinesis follows and two daughter
cells are formed. Each cell now has half the chromosome number because only one chromosome from each
pair goes to the daughter cell. This is called the haploid condition, in contrast to the diploid condition at the
beginning of meiosis I where each chromosome pair is intact. Telophase is followed by interphase II.

Note that each chromosome still has two sister chromatids; it is therefore necessary for the cells to undergo
another round of cell division.

The second meiotic division, also known as meiosis II, is mitotic in nature and consist of the following stages :
prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II and telophase II; these stages are identical with mitotic stages. The
results are four cells, two from each daughter cell from meiosis I, with one half the diploid chromosome number
and with only one sister chromatid for each chromosome.

ASSESSMENT

Independent Activity 2. Written Work

Complete the table below. (Copy and answer in your paper)

Mitosis Meiosis

1. The number of daughter cells produced.

2. The number of chromosomes is halved.

(Yes/No)

3. The pairing of homologous chromosomes

takes place. (Yes/No)

4. The daughter cells produced are always

identical in terms of genetic material.
(Yes/No)

Independent Activity 3. Written Work.

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in your notebook.
1. Which of the following parts of the cell contains the chromosomes?
A. Cytoplasm B. mitochondrion C. Cell membrane D. Nucleus
2. Chromosomes are made up of ____________________.
A. RNA and protein B. DNA and protein C. protein only D. DNA only
3. Why is there a need for DNA to replicate during the synthesis stage of the interphase?

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE | OLALA 2.0 | SCIENCE 8

 A. To make sure that the cell undergoes cell division
B. To make sure that when the cell divides each daughter cell has an exact copy of the DNA.
C. To make sure that the number of chromosomes would be the same as in original cells.
D. To make sure that the cell grows rapidly.
4. What events take place when the cell undergoes cytokinesis?
A. There is the growth of the nucleus.
B. It is a period of replication.
C. There is a division of the cytoplasm
D. There is the reappearance of the nuclear membrane.
5. The following characteristics below describe meiosis EXCEPT
A. There are four daughter cells produced.
B. The number of chromosomes in every daughter cell is haploid.
C. The daughter cells are genetically identical to the original cell.
D. The cell undergoes two rounds of cell divisions.

Independent Activity 4. Performance Task

On a short bond paper draw the different stages of mitosis and meiosis.
Components Mastery 5pts Accomplished 3pts Unacceptable 1pt

Reflection The drawing represents a clear The drawing represents The student clearly did not
and understanding of the a somewhat clear understand the information.
Knowledge information presented. understanding of the The drawing is not
material. representative of the
knowledge gained.
Basic Skills Drawing exhibits attention to Drawing contains many Drawing lacks detail. Little
detail and a variety of drawing strong elements but effort in work and appears
techniques. needs further refinement improvised and looks
and fine-tuning. Only a incomplete. No variety in
few drawing techniques drawing techniques.
used.
Layout/ Layout and proportion are Majority of the face is Elements of the face are out of
Proportion properly sketched. Face looks properly laid-out, but the place and/or out of proportion.
natural, without distortions. drawing has a few areas
that need further
refinement in order for
the face to look
proportional /natural.
Originality/ The student explored several Tried a few ideas but Fulfilled the assignment, but
Creativity choices, generating many based his/her work on gave no evidence of trying
ideas, unusual combinations or someone else’s idea. anything unusual. Shows no
changes on several ideas. evidence of original thought.
Performanc Worked independently. Worked independently Made little progress toward
e Followed directions and most of the time. goals. Very little accomplished
classroom rules. Showed some initiative. during the period. Materials
Used art materials wisely. Needed a few reminders and tools used inappropriately.
Participated in class on proper care of Difficulty listening and
discussions and cleaned up materials and followed following directions.
their workspace. classroom rules. Limited Disrespects others and
involvement in class disruptive in classroom.
discussions and had to
be reminded to clean up
workspace.

-END OF MODULE-

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL ENHANCED LEARNING MODULE | OLALA 2.0 | SCIENCE 8