1-. A certain amount of ideal gas at 12 °C and at a pressure of 108 KPa occupies a volume of 2.47 m 3.

A) How many moles

2-. A meteorological balloon is filled with helium at 1 atm and at 22 C, the volume of the gas is 3.47 m 3. At a height of 6.5
Km the atmospheric pressure decreases 36 cm of Hg and the helium expanded; at this altitude the temperature of the gas
is -48 C, what is the new volume of the gas? Draw the process in a P-V diagram.

3-. An air bubble of 19.4 cm 3 in volume is at the bottom of a lake at a depth of 41.5 m where the temperature is 3.8 C. The
bubble rises to the surface where the temperature is 22.6 C. Consider that the temperature of the bubble is the same as the
temperature of the water around it, find the new volume just before it reaches the surface.

4-. 25 g of steam are placed in a 30000 cm 3 container at a temperature of 0 C. A) What is the gas pressure? The gas then
undergoes an isothermal expansion until the pressure reduces to a third of its original value, immediately followed by an
isobaric expansion until the volume is 100000 cm 3. B) What is the final temperature of the gas? Show the process in a P-V
diagram

5-. A container with 250 cm3 of gas is pressurized at constant volume until the gas pressure doubles. It is then compressed
at a constant temperature until the pressure is 5 times the pressure the gas had before the experiment started. A) What is
the final volume of the gas? B) Show the process in a P-V diagram.

6-. 8 g of Argon gas at an initial temperature of 5 atm and at 35 C undergo an isobaric expansion until the volume has
doubled. A) What are the gas volume and pressure after the expansion? The gas pressure is then decreased at constant
volume until the original temperature is reached. B) What is the gas pressure after the decrease? Finally the gas is
isothermally compressed until it returns to its original volume. C) What is the final gas pressure? D) Show the process in a
P-V diagram.

7-. The temperature of a silver bar rises by 10.0°C when it absorbs 1.23 kJ of energy by heat. The mass of the bar is 525 g.
Determine the specific heat of silver.

8-. A 1.50-kg iron horseshoe initially at 600°C is dropped into a bucket containing 20.0 kg of water at 25.0°C. What is the
final temperature? (Neglect the heat capacity of the container and assume that a negligible amount of water boils away.)

9-. An aluminum cup with a mass of 200 g contains 800 g of water in thermal equilibrium at 80.0°C. The combination of cup
and water is cooled uniformly so that the temperature decreases at a rate of 1.50°C/min. At what rate is energy being
removed by heat? Express your answer in watts.

10-. An aluminum calorimeter with a mass of 100 g contains 250 g of water. The calorimeter and water are in thermal
equilibrium at 10.0°C. Two metallic blocks are placed into the water. One is a 50.0-g piece of copper at 80.0°C; the other
block has a mass of 70.0 g and is originally at a temperature of 100°C. The entire system stabilizes at a final temperature of
20.0°C. (a) Determine the specific heat of the unknown sample.

11-. Lake Erie contains roughly 4.00 x 10 11 m3 of water. (a) How much energy is required to raise the temperature of this
volume of water from 11.0°C to 12.0°C? (b) Approximately how many years would it take to supply this amount of energy
with the use of a 1000-MW
wasted energy output of an electric power plant?

12-. A 3.00-g copper penny at 25.0°C drops from a height of 50.0 m to the ground. (a) If 60.0% of the change in potential
energy goes into increasing the internal energy, what is its final temperature? (b) Does the result you obtained in (a)
depend on the mass of the penny? Explain.

13-. A water heater is operated by solar power. If the solar collector has an area of 6.00 m 2 and the power delivered by
sunlight is 550 W/m2, how long does it take to increase the temperature of 1.00 m 3 of water from 20.0°C to 60.0°C?

14-. How much energy is required to change a 40.0-g ice cube from ice at -10.0°C to steam at 110°C?

15-. A 1.00-kg block of copper at 20.0°C is dropped into a large vessel of liquid nitrogen at 77.3 K. How many kilograms of
nitrogen boil away by the time the copper reaches 77.3 K?

16-. A 50.0-g copper calorimeter contains 250 g of water at 20.0°C. How much steam must be condensed into the water if
the final temperature of the system is to reach 50.0°C?
17-. In an insulated vessel, 250 g of ice at 0°C is added to 600 g of water at 18.0°C. (a) What is the final temperature of the
system? (b) How much ice remains when the system reaches equilibrium?

18-. If 90.0 g of molten lead at 327.3°C is poured into a 300-g casting form made of iron and initially at 20.0°C, what is the
final temperature of the system? (Assume that no energy loss to the environment occurs.)

19-. (a) Determine the work done by a fluid that expands from i to f as indicated in the figure. (b) How much work is
performed by the fluid if it is compressed from f to i along the same path?

20-. A sample of helium behaves as an ideal gas as energy is added by heat at constant pressure from 273 K to 373 K. If
the gas does 20.0 J of work, what is the mass of helium present?

21-. An ideal gas is enclosed in a cylinder with a movable piston on top. The piston has a mass of 8 000 g and an area of
5.00 cm2 and is free to slide up and down, keeping the pressure of the gas constant. How much work is done as the
temperature of 0.200 mol of the gas is raised from 20.0°C to 300°C?

22-. A gas expands from I to F along three possible paths, as indicated in the figure. Calculate the work in joules done by
the gas along the paths IAF, IF, and IBF.

23-. A gas is compressed from 9.00 L to 2.00 L at a constant pressure of 0.800 atm. In the process, 400 J of energy leaves
the gas by heat. (a) What is the work done by the gas? (b) What is the change in its internal energy?

24-. A thermodynamic system undergoes a process in which its internal energy decreases by 500 J. If, at the same time,
220 J of work is done on the system, what is the energy transferred to or from it by heat?

25-. An ideal gas initially at 300 K undergoes an isobaric expansion at 2.50 kPa. If the volume increases from 1.00 m3 to
3.00 m3 and if 12.5 kJ of energy is transferred to the gas by heat, what are (a) the change in its internal energy and (b) its
final temperature?