ddu high School 3. When concrete is first made it has a high moisture content.

As the
Hithadhoo FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND
Addu TECHNOLOGY concrete dries its properties change. A manufacturer of concrete carried out
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE
compression testing of cylindrical samples of concrete using the equipment
shown.
Topic: SOLIDS WORKSHEET

1.One end of a 50 cm length of wire is attached to a support. A load is

attached to the free end of the wire, which extends by 2 mm.Which of the
following is the strain for the length of wire?
( January 2019)
A 0.004 The diagram shows stress-strain graphs, up to the fracture point, for concrete
B 0.04 samples 2 days and 28 days after being made.
C 25 (a)
D 250 ( 1) As
2. The stiffness constant and the Young modulus are terms used in physics.
Which row of the table shows the correct application of these terms?

(1) the concrete dries its Young modulus increases. Show that the value for the
Young modulus of the concrete after it has dried is at least 1.3 times

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greater. (4) ………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………… 4. A length of steel wire is fixed at one end. An increasing force is applied
………………………………………………………………………………. to the other end of the wire. The force extension graph for the wire is
(b) The energy absorbed before fracture by the 28-day old sample is less shown.
than the energy absorbed before fracture by the 2-day old sample. Which row of the table identifies points P, Q and R on the graph? (1)
The area under a stress-strain graph gives the energy absorbed per unit (January 2020)
volume of the sample.
The energy absorbed before fracture by the 2 day old sample is 0.35 MJ m -
3
.Determine the percentage reduction in the energy absorbed before fracture
between the 2-day old and the 28-day old samples.
You may assume that the volumes of the cylindrical samples are the same.
(3)
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(c) Manufacturers recommend leaving concrete blocks to dry for at least 28
days before use.Discuss why. (3) . 5.When concrete is placed under stress, cracks may

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form. Scientist are investigating ways to prevent cracks from spreading containing glue changes the properties of the concrete
through the concrete. One way to do this is by adding very small capsules (6)
containing glue to the concrete mix. As a crack spreads through the ………………………………………………………………………………
concrete, some capsules break, releasing glue which fills the crack, as ………………………………………………………………………………
shown. ………………………………………………………………………………
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6. An elastic cord was fixed between the end of an air track and a glider.
 The glider was pulled to the right, giving the elastic cord an extension Δ 
x as shown.
Two samples of concrete, of identical size, were placed under stress. Sample
A consisted of concrete only, Sample B consisted of concrete with capsules
containing glue.
The stress-strain graphs for the samples up to the maximum stress before
fracture are shown.

e The glider was released, and it moved to the left. A light gate was used to
Explain measure the maximum velocity of the glider. 
how adding This was repeated for different values of Δ x .A student obtained the
capsules following results.

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 (b) When the glider was moved to the right by more than 0.5 m, the graph
began to curve.
Explain why the shape of the graph changed. (2)
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(a) The principle of
(Total marks =9)
conservation of energy
7. A student carried out an experiment to determine the Young modulus of
predicts that the graph should be a straight line through the origin.  For the 
copper. She added a mass m to the free end of a sample of copper in the
range of values of Δ x used, the elastic cord obeyed Hooke’s law.
form of a long thin wire and the corresponding extension Δ x was measured.
(i) Explain this prediction. (4)
This was repeated for increasing masses.
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(a) State the meaning of the term Young modulus. (1)
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(b) The student repeated the measurement of the diameter of the wire at
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different positions and orientations of the wire. She obtained the following
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results.
(ii) Determine the stiffness k of the elastic cord.
 mass of glider = 300 g (3)
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(i) Determine the cross-sectional area of the sample of wire used. (3)
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(ii) The student plotted a graph of m against Δ x. She measured the gradient
and obtained a value of 195 kg m−1.
Determine the Young modulus of the copper. A
length of sample of copper used = 3.50 m B
(3) C
……………………………………………………………………………… D (1)
……………………………………………………………………………… 9. A student carried out an experiment to determine the Young modulus of
……………………………………………………………………………… copper. She used the apparatus below to observe the position of a marker as
……………………………………………………………………………….. a copper wire extended under increasing applied loads.
(iii) The experiment was repeated by another student, using a 2.00 m length
of the copper wire. Suggest how the values obtained for the gradient and
hence the Young modulus will differ between the students.
(2)
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……………………………………………………………………………… (a)Describe how the diameter of the wire should have been determined. (3)

(Total marks =9) ………………………………………………………………………………

8. A graph of stress ı against strain İ, up to the breaking point, is drawn for ………………………………………………………………………………

four samples of wire, A, B, C and D. (June 2019) ………………………………………………………………………………

Which sample of wire has both a low elastic limit and a large region of ………………………………………………………………………………

plastic deformation? ………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….
(b) The student calculated the extension of the copper wire for each applied
load. She then plotted a graph of load against extension.

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 ………………………………………………………………………………
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10. The diagram shows a climber on a rock face. A rope is kept firmly
anchored by a person on the ground and passes through a smooth loop to the
climber. The climber slips and falls a short
distance as shown.

Determine a value for the Young modulus of copper.

(4)
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……………………………………………………………………………… (a)The ‘fall factor’ is used by climbers to estimate the severity of a climbing
……………………………………………………………………………… fall and is given by
……………………………………………………………………………….
(c) Explain why the sample of wire used in this experiment should be long
and thin. (6)

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The climber slips and falls with a climb factor 0.08 before coming to (b) Climbing manufactures recommend that the ropes are replaced by every
rest.The energy from the fall is absorbed by the climbing rope. The 5 years.
maximum strain in the rope is 9.0%. The force-extension - graph up to the breaking point , for a one meter length
Show that the maximum force acting on the climber due to the rope is 10 of
KN.Assume the extension of the rope is proportional to its tension. (5)

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(ii) A new climber suggests using a longer length of rope between the loop
and the climber, as this would absorb more energy after a fall.
Comment on this suggestion. (2)
rope when new and after 5 years are shown.
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Comment on manufactures’ recommendation.Your answers should include
………………………………………………………………………………
calculations (6)
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………………………………………………………………………………
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