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Tutorial Chapter 1

This document provides an introduction to operating systems. It discusses current operating systems like UNIX, Windows, macOS and Linux. It also covers key operating system concepts like memory management, device management, file management and processor management. The document explains how computer hardware and operating systems have evolved together over time to support new technologies like networking, virtual machines and more concurrent users. It defines different types of operating systems like interactive, batch, real-time and embedded and provides examples of when each would be used.

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Voon Rou Ng
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
49 views

Tutorial Chapter 1

This document provides an introduction to operating systems. It discusses current operating systems like UNIX, Windows, macOS and Linux. It also covers key operating system concepts like memory management, device management, file management and processor management. The document explains how computer hardware and operating systems have evolved together over time to support new technologies like networking, virtual machines and more concurrent users. It defines different types of operating systems like interactive, batch, real-time and embedded and provides examples of when each would be used.

Uploaded by

Voon Rou Ng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TUTORIAL 1

INTRODUCING OPERATING SYSTEMS

1. Name five current operating systems and the computers or configurations each
operates.

UNIX
Windows
macOS
Linux
IOS

2. Name the five key concepts about an operating system that you think a user needs to
know and understand.

Memory management
Device management
File management
Processor management
User interface

3. Explain the impact of the evolution of computer hardware and the accompanying
evolution of operating systems software.

Many modifications are made to computer hardware because of operating system


changes. Computer hardware and operating systems grow together in many ways,
improvements in hardware must be supported by changes in the operating system and
the way the operating system uses the hardware may well influence hardware
designers to better aspects of their work. The introduction of networking, client-server
computing, and wireless networks offered new problems to operating system software
programmes, and as a result, operating systems must be able to handle these
technologies as well as the number of concurrent users who can utilise them. Another
example of the modifications that the operating system must handle and operate in a
timely manner is the virtual machine. The idea behind a virtual machine is to abstract
the hardware of a single computer (i.e., CPU, disc drive, memory, network interface, and
so on) and give the appearance to the end user that several execution environments are
running as a single private computer.

4. Explain the fundamental differences between interactive, batch, real-time, and


embedded systems.

Interactive systems introduced to provide fast turnaround when debugging programs


and it also a time-sharing software developed for operating system. Interactive systems
faster turnaround than batch systems but slower than real-time systems. Batch
systems’ input relied on punched cards or tape and it also efficiency measured in

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throughput. Therefore, reliability is the key to real-time systems and it also very fast
and time limit sensitive. Real-time systems used in time-critical environments like
space lights, industrial processes, sophisticated medical equipment, and others. Then,
Embedded systems are computers that placed inside the products, and it adds features
and capabilities.

5. List three situations that might demand a real-time operating system and explain why.

Firstly, real-time systems are important in healthcare and patient monitoring. In


healthcare, the speed with which data is handled can often mean the difference
between life and death. Real-time systems are essential for doctors to have access to
data from patient monitoring systems, such as heart rate monitors, when and where
they need it to keep patients safe and healthy. Secondly, process control systems. By
evaluating processes, collecting pertinent data, and returning that data for monitoring
and possible troubleshooting, these systems assist firms in maintaining quality and
improving performance. Process control systems are widely used in the oil and gas
industry, with multiple benefits ranging from enhanced efficiency to safer facility
operation to reduced downtime and losses. Thirdly, manufacturing. Manufacturers who
are looking to the future rely on real-time data to minimise product quality issues,
increase efficiency and performance, and, ultimately, gain a competitive advantage.
Manufacturers can use embedded real-time systems to increase production, improve
product quality and consistency, and improve workplace safety.

6. Give an example of an organization that might find batch-mode processing useful and
explain why.

A financial data management firm performs overnight batch procedures to deliver


financial reports to the banks and financial institutions it serves. Batch-mode
processing is very useful for financial data management company because it is quite
difficult to estimate or predict how long a work will take to finish. Batch system
processors know how long a job will take when it is queued. In batch systems, it is
simple to manage enormous amounts of work repeat.

7. Briefly compare active and passive multiprogramming.

Passive multiprogramming is characterized by event generated interrupts that cause task


switching. These events are usually the result of a program-initiated action, such as sending a
record to an output device, or dividing by zero. Active multiprogramming is characterized by
time generated interrupts that cause task switching. The time interrupt is generated by a
system clock monitored by the operating system.

8. Give at least two reasons why a regional bank might decide to buy six server computers
instead of one supercomputer.

Firstly, the regional bank with six server computers can save money on investments
and they can avoid any loss or damage with only one computer. Secondly, when two or

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three computers are down for maintenance, the regional bank can run at least three or
four computers. Thirdly, purchase and maintenance of supercomputer systems are both
very expensive, with prices changing based on processing capability from. Physically,
they can take up a lot of room and require climate management in terms of cooling and
air conditioning. Larger supercomputer deployments typically require custom software,
which can be challenging to design, implement, and maintain.

9. Select one of the following professionals: an insurance adjuster, a delivery person for a
courier service, a newspaper reporter, a doctor (general practitioner), or a manager in a
supermarket. Suggest at least two ways that such a person might use a handheld
computer to work more efficiently.

Because gig economy workers and contracted third-party delivery drivers aren't alerted to
assigned runs in a timely manner, staffing challenges at the fulfilment site will arise. This can
also be solved with a front-line mobility solution and back-end software designed for real-
time dispatch and routing communications. Therefore, you may reduce the number of
unpleasant shocks that affect client satisfaction by keeping them informed about current
delivery dates, product replacements, and the like. Providing clients with a direct route to
store, restaurant, and warehouse fulfilment teams can also help to boost positive resolution
rates.

10. Research the Internet or current literature to identify an operating system that runs a
cell phone or handheld computer. (These are generally known as mobile operating
systems.) List the key features of the operating system and the hardware it is designed
to run. Cite your sources.

There are four key features of mobile operating systems which are easy to use, good app
store, good battery life and data usage and organization. Mobile operating systems combine
characteristics of a personal computer operating system with capabilities specific to mobile
or portable devices, such as a wireless integrated modem and SIM slot for telephony and data
connectivity.

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