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Chem 312 Lab 01 Report

1) The document describes an experiment to measure the density of water at 25 degrees C using a density bottle. 2) The average measured density was 0.988482 g/mL, which is close to the literature value of 0.997 g/mL, with a 0.86% error. 3) While other groups' results varied more from literature values possibly due to human error, the experiment showed the density bottle technique can reliably measure density close to accepted values.

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Salman Mira
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65 views6 pages

Chem 312 Lab 01 Report

1) The document describes an experiment to measure the density of water at 25 degrees C using a density bottle. 2) The average measured density was 0.988482 g/mL, which is close to the literature value of 0.997 g/mL, with a 0.86% error. 3) While other groups' results varied more from literature values possibly due to human error, the experiment showed the density bottle technique can reliably measure density close to accepted values.

Uploaded by

Salman Mira
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM & MINERALS

CHEM 312: Kinetics and Spectroscopy lab

Student Name Salman Mira

Student ID # 201864700

Section # 58

Experiment No. & Title Lab 01


Measurement of Density

Instructor Name Muhammad Janjua

Date 24 January 2022

Objectives
1. To practice the different methods of the rejection rules.

2. To determine the accurate value of water density at 25 C

Introduction

Density is one of the most basic and fundamental measurement that is as simple as it gets. It is the mass
of a solid/liquid/gas per unit volume. It serves as one of the most unambiguous ways to measure the
mass or volume of any material, given the other two variables including density. People have done
extensive experiments to determine densities of multiple materials and all can be found in appendixes,
literature or handbooks. The units most commonly used for densities are kg/m3, g/ml and g/cc. There is
always some variation that can occur in any variable when a material is exposed to different ambient
conditions. The density of any material generally is proportional to Pressure of the surroundings, and
inversely proportional to the temperature. This means that if temperature is lowered, we expect the
density to increase minorly or depending on the change in temperature. In the following experiment, we
will be measuring the density of distilled water by the help of an apparatus called “density bottle”. The
density bottle will help in measuring the volume and mass of water, to be able to calculate density.

Experimental procedure
1- First we weigh a dry and clear density bottle with its cover on by the balance

2- Fill the density bottle till its edge by distilled bottle then cover it.

3- Place the density bottle in the water bath for 10-15 mins in order for it to reach thermal

equilibrium with the water bath temperature, then take it out and wipe any water on the bottles

surface and let the bottle cool down for 5 mins so that its temperature drops down to room

temperature.

4- Weigh the bottle with the distilled water inside it

5- Refill the bottle if required and repeat steps 1-4 for another 2 times for a total of 3 trials

6- Obtain the mass of the water in these 3 trails and check for any odd value, if so apply the

rejection rule then obtain the average weight of water from the accepted values of masses.

7- Use the average weight in order to calculate the density of distilled water at the designated

temperature

8- Compare the calculated density value with the values in the literature using the following linear

regression equation of water density for temperature ranging from 25 to 50 C

Water Density (g/mL) = -0.0004 Temperature (C) + 1.0064

Data
Calculations
(i) Average mass of liquid water = 49.4241 g
Volume = 50 mL
Density = m/V = 49.4741g/50 mL = 0.988482 g/mL approx.

(ii) The % error = (reference density – calculated density / calculated density) x 100
= (0.997-0.988482/0.988482) x 100 = 0.86%

Graph of results from group A,B,C and D

1.020

1.000

0.980

0.960
Densities

0.940

0.920

0.900

0.880
24 32 36 40
Temp

Discussion
It was calculated that the density of distilled water for our temperature 24 C, is 0.988482 g/mL which is
really close to the reference literature value of the density ( 0.997 g/mL), with a percentage error of
0.86%, a very reasonable value. This signifies that our calculated results are accurate and reliable.
Although the other group results are somehow varying compared to their reference densities, this could
be simply because of human error while measuring the mass and taking note of the equilibration time of
the density bottle or simply some miscalculations.

Conclusion

The technique used with the density bottle to calculate densities is a reliable technique that can give
really close results to the reference literature values. Although the assumption before was that as
temperature rises, the density should decrease, but due to some errors on the other groups results, this
relation can not be seen in the upper graph. Only group B’s result along with group “A” favor the
assumption that density has an inversely proportional relation with temperature.

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